Lejoe marten (Lebitso le leng ke "e tsoetsoeng ke matsoele") - phoofolo e nyane ea mofuta oa marten ea lelapa la marten ea taelo ea mammary. E atile hohle Europe 'me e bua ka mefuta ea marten e sa tšabeng ho ba haufi le batho. Beng ka motho ea haufi haholo le 'misten ke majoe ke pine marten le sable, tse ka ferekanngoang habonolo ho tsoa kantle. Phapang lipakeng tsa liphoofolo tsena ke likarolo tse ling tsa mokhoa oa bophelo le morphology (sebopeho sa liphoofolo).

Sebaka sa bolulo

Lejoe marten le ajoa hoo e batlang e le hohle Europe le Asia 'me le lula hohle Europe, ntle le libaka tse ka leboea, Caucasus, Central, Asia Minor le Asia Bophirimela, Kazakhstan. Hangata e ka fumanoa lithabeng tsa Southern Altai, Caucasus le Crimea. Ha a lula lithabeng, marten ea majoe a ka nyolohela bophahamong ba limithara tse likete tse 'ne ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.

Belodushka e ikutloa e le ntle libakeng tse tlase har'a lihlahla, morung oa naha, merung e sabaletseng le e pharalletseng, mabopong a moru ho potoloha sebaka se fumanehang, 'me ka tlhaho, ke lithabeng tse nang le mafika moo a lulang teng mafikeng, mahaheng le likhohlo. Ebile, e loketse libaka tsohle ntle le bakeng sa lehloa (ho kenyelletsoa le limela tse ngata tsa moru tse ommeng) le tse omeletseng.

'Mellane oa lejoe ha a tšabe ho atamela motho. Lifateng tsa meroho tse sa siuoeng letho, ke moeti khafetsa, empa kaha ke phoofolo e jang nama, o boetse o hohela liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le likhahla. Ntle le moo, mosali ea moriri o mosoeu o labalabelang, ea batlang bolulo le lijo, o fihla matlong a matlo (ao hangata a ntseng a lahliloe), hammoho le liphakeng, lithaelese, likhomo tsa likhomo, moo a behelang masoba a hae.

Empa ka linako tse ling lintho tse sa lebelloang ka ho felletseng li hohela tlhokomelo ea hae. Mohlala, linyeoe tsa ho kenella ha eona ka har'a likoloi li tloaelehile. Phoofolo e tenyetsehang le e tsofetseng e hloella tlasa mohono le menoang ka likhoele tsa motlakase, li-hoses hake, joalo-joalo Ho lumeloa hore li-martens tsa majoe li khahloa haholo ke monko oa enjine. Beng ba likoloi ba lulang libakeng tseo mabenkele a majoe a leng mangata haholo ba tlameha ho kenya lisebelisoa tse khethehileng likoloing tsa bona.

Lijo tsa peleho

'Mellane oa lejoe ke sebatana se jang liphoso. Ke sera sa tlhaho sa litoeba tse kang litoeba, linonyana tse nyane le lihoho. Haeba a khona ho atamelana le bolulo ba motho, joale o ithaopa ka likhoho, maeba le mebutlanyana ka boithatelo. E ja marang-rang le li-attic tse lahliloeng kherehloa, e ja bo-'mankhane. Lijo tsa eona tse tloaelehileng sebakeng leha e le sefe sa moo li lulang teng ke likokoanyana, li-invertebrates tse kholo le makhapetla a tsona.

Lejoe la marten ha le na ho hana ho senya sehlaha sa linonyana moo se jang mahe, mme haeba boholo ba sehlaha le sebaka seo se leng ho sona se ka lula ho sona.

Mohloli o mong oa lijo ke litholoana (haholo-holo lipere le liapole), monokotsoai, makhapetla le makhasi a lifate, letlobo la limela.

Ho beha boitšoaro

Motho ka mong o fana ka kakaretso ea eona, eo a nkang hore ke sebaka sa eona. Ho latela maemo, e ka tloha ho 12 ho isa ho 210 ha. Sebaka sa eona se angoa haholo ke nako ea selemo le thobalano la phoofolo - ho monna ke eena ea fetang mosali. Lejoe la marten le hlakola meeli ea sebaka "se abetsoeng", le tšoaea ka makhopho le sephiri se khethehileng.

Boholo ba makhooa ha a lenyalong, ho hang ha a loanele ho buisana le banna ba bang ka pono. Ke feela ka nako ea tlhalo moo ba kopanang le motho oa bong bo fapaneng. Haeba phoofolo e leka ho kena-kenana le sebaka seo mohanyetsi a nkang hore ke sa hae, "litlhaloso tsa likamano" li ke ke tsa qojoa.

'Mellen oa lejoe o nkoa e le liphoofolo tse tlare le bosiu, hobane ke lefifing feela moo e tsomang le ho tsamaea libaka tse hole. Phoofolo e tsamaea hangata fatše mme e rata mokhoa o joalo oa ho itsamaisa, empa ha ho hlokahala, e ka tlola e tloha sefateng se seng ho ea ho se seng.

O khetha ho phela ka majoe a majoe libakeng tseo a nang le monyetla oa ho a fepa sehlaha - likoti tsena tsa liphoofolo ha li cheke mekoti ea tsona.

Likarolo tsa ho ikatisa le ho holisa bana

Peō ea pele ea letsoele le lesoeu e tlisa kamora ho fihlela e le lilemo li 15. Ho banna, kholo e hlaha ka likhoeli tse 12. E le molao, manyolo a basali a hlaha lehlabula. O etelloa pele ke lipapali tsa ho tlolelana le banna, tse amanang le ho ratana ho bonolo empa ho phehella ka lehlakoreng la e tona, eo mosebetsi oa eona o moholo e leng ho khaola ho itšireletsa ha mosali.

Kamora manyolo, se bitsoang seo se bolokiloeng peo le ho bolokoa ha sona ka popelong ho fihlela selemo (bakeng sa likhoeli tse 8) se hlaha. Qetellong ea mariha kapa qalong ea selemo, masea a soeufalitsoeng a tsoala masea bakeng sa khoeli e le 'ngoe, e le hore ka Hlakubele-la 4 Hlakubele ho tsoaloe malinyane - a hlobotse ka botlalo le sefofu. Bakeng sa ho bula mahlo le ho qala ho bona, ba hloka khoeli, khoeli e 'ngoe le halofo ka mor'a moo, ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ja lebese la matsoele. Kamora ho felisoa ha nako ea ho emisa, malinyane a qala ho tsoma le mme oa 'ona. Boipuso bo tla ka mor'a likhoeli tse tšeletseng hamorao.

Nako e akaretsang ea bophelo ba lejoe le emeng ke lilemo tse 3, leha batho ba bang ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 7 le 10.

Ponahalo

Boholo ba 'mela oa lejoe le katse e nyane,' mele o kobehile ebile o boreleli ka mohatla o molelele o boreleli, 'me maoto le matsoho a makgutshwane. Mohlala oa phoofolo o na le likhutlo li tharo ka sebopeho se nang le litsebe tse kholo. Lejoe-marten lejoe le ka khetholloa ho lirethe le minkong ke sebaka se khanyang se sefubeng, se fetang ka maoto a mabeli ho isa maotong a pele. Leha ho le joalo, baahi ba Asia ba mofuta ona ba ka 'na ba se be le libaka ho hang. Seaparo sa liphoofolo se thata ebile se pentiloe ka 'mala o moputsoa le o sootho. Mahlo a lefifi ka 'mala, ao bosiu a phatsimang lefifing ka' mala o bofubelu ba koporo. Matšoao a marten oa lejoe a ikhethang ho feta "khaitseli" oa hae oa moru. Phoofolo e tsamaea ka ho tlama, e tiisa maoto ka meqomong e ka pele, e siea maqhubu a hlophisitsoe ka bobeli (matheba a mabeli) kapa marikhoe a mararo. Ntja e maoto a mabeli e ka bonoa lehloa ha phoofolo e tsamaea ka lebenkeleng, mme ntja e maoto a mararo e ka bonoa fatše kapa infusion, ea baka moferefere o bobebe.

Liphapang tse ka sehloohong lipakeng tsa matsoele a masoeu le pine marten li bohlokoa. Pine marten e na le mohatla o mokhuts'oane, letheba molaleng o mosehla, nko e ntšo, 'me maoto a koahetsoe ke boea. Ntle le moo, marten lejoe le boima ho feta, empa le le lenyane ho feta lona. Bolelele ba 'mele oa phoofolo ena ke 40-55 cm,' me bolelele ba mohatla ke 22-30 cm. Boima bo ka tloha kilo e le 'ngoe ho isa ho tse peli le halofo. Ba batona, joalo ka molao, ba kholo ho feta basali.

Tsamaiso

Stone marten o lula lithabeng tse se nang letho (Altai le Caucasus), merung ea likhohola (Ciscaucasia), 'me ka linako tse ling o lula metseng le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo (libaka tse ling tse ka boroa ho Russia). E tsamaisoa ho Eurasia, ho lula Hloahloeng ea Iberia, Mongolia le Himalaya. Kahoo e ka fumanoa linaheng tsa Baltic, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Crimea, Bohareng le Asia Bohareng.

Phoofolo ena ha e lule merung, e rata naha e bulehileng e nang le lihlahla tse nyane le lifate tse iketlileng. Khafetsa, o khetha mafika, hobane ha e le hantle, mofuta ona oa marten o ile oa rehoa lebitso la hae. Phoofolo ena ha e tšabe batho ka ho felletseng 'me hangata e hlaha haufi le batho - likhutlong, likamoreng tse ka tlase le liphapusing.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Ho ba sebatana se jang ntho e makatsang, lijo tsa "marten tsa majoe" li entsoe ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tse ngata, mohlala, litoeba tse kang tsa panya, linonyana le mebutlanyana le linonyana tse mahareng, lihohoana, likokoanyana le mahe a linonyana. Libakeng tse ling, phoofolo ena e cheka moles le ho senya matlo a bo-'mankhane. Lehlabula, marten ea majoe a ja li-invertebrates ka bongata, haholo-holo li-beetle tse kholo. Ka linako tse ling e kenella matlong a maeba le likhoho tsa likhoho, e hlasela likhoho le mebutlanyana, e jara peo le litholoana, ebe e kenella ka har'a litšila ha e batla lijo. Ha e le hantle, sebatana se bolaea, phofu, ho feta kamoo se ka e jang.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ea phepo e nepahetseng ea liphoofolo ke lijo tsa limela, litholoana le monokotsoai. Nakong ea ho butsoa ha litholoana, liphoofolo tse nang le matsoele a masoeu li ja morara, lipere, liapole, plums, li-raspberries, li-cherries, lilamunu le morara. Haufi le mariha, liphoofolo li fetela mochesong oa junipere, junipere, molora oa thaba, privet le hawthorn. Nakong ea selemo, ba rata ho natefeloa ke inflorescence e monate ea letheka le lera le tšoeu. Haeba lejoe le bolaoa ka lejoe ke khetho: litholoana kapa nama, o tla khetha pele.

Ho tsala

Nako ea ho ts'oaroa ha marten ea majoe e etsahala likhoeling tsa lehlabula, ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho fihlela Phato, empa ka lebaka la boimana bo bolelele, tse tšehali li hlahisa feela bana nakong ea selemo, ka Hlakubele-Mmesa. Sena se bakoa ke nako e telele ea bokhachane ea ho emoloa ea masea, ka hona, masea a ka popelong a hola ho isa ho likhoeli tse robeli, leha moimana ka boeona o nka khoeli feela - nako eohle e salang e bolokiloe 'meleng oa mosali. Kamora ho beleha, masea a mararo ho isa ho a supileng a se nang thuso a tsoaloa, a hlobotse ebile mahlo le litsebe li koetsoe. Malinyane a holile ka beke ea bone kapa ea bohlano, kamora khoeli le halofo ka mor'a ho beleha, a fepa lebese la matsoele, 'me a ikemele ka ho oa. Nakong ea kanyeso, tse tšehali li anyesa masea le ho li sireletsa likotsi tse ka bang teng, mme kamora moo o ruta mekhoa ea ho tsoma malinyane.

Linonyana tse nyane tse nang le 'mala o mosoeu li tloha sehlaheng qetellong ea Phupu mme ha li fapana le batho ba baholo ka boholo,' me kamora molt oa pele - ho latela sekoahelo sa boea ba bona. Lejoe le lecha la marten le ikemela ka ho phethahala qetellong ea lehlabula, 'me le fihle nakong ea selemo ka likhoeli tse 15-27.

Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba liphoofolo tse hlaha e ka ba lilemo tse tharo (tse hlaha) le tse ka bang leshome (maemong a matle), le kholehong - habeli ho feta, lilemo tse 18-20.

Likarolo tse ling

Ho fihla joale, li-subspecies tse 'ne tsa majoe a marten li tsejoa.

• Whitefinch ea Europe e lula Europe Bophirimela le libakeng tse ling tsa karolo ea Europe ea USSR ea mehleng.
• Crimea e tšoeu ea Crimea e tloaelehile Crimea mme e fapana hanyane le beng ka eona ka sebopeho sa meno, lehata le lenyane le 'mala oa boea.
• Sebōpuoa se nang le matsoalo se tšoeu sa Caucasian se lulang Transcaucasia ke sona sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa (lisenthimithara tse 54) se nang le boea bo bosehla bo bosehla bo botala.
• Tlhapi e tšoeu ea Asia Bohareng e lula Altai, e na le 'mala o ntšoa oa' metso le boea bo botle haholo.