Boemo ba tsamaiso
Kereiti: Linonyana - Maqhubu.
Sehlopha: Passeriformes - Passeriformes.
Lelapa: Flycatcher - Muscicapidae.
Sheba: Lieg Rock Rockush - Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Boemo 2 "E kotsing" - 2, HC.
Tsamaiso
Lefatše ka bophara: Afrika Leboea Bophirima, Eurasia. 'Musong oa Russia ho lula Caucasus, Altai, ntlheng e ka leboea ea Letša la Baikal le Barguzinsky Range. . Meru ea tikoloho e arotsoe likarolo tse peli tse ka thoko.
E 'ngoe ea tsona e akaretsa libaka tse lithaba tsa GKH ho tloha sebakeng sa lithaba sa Fisht-Oshtenovsky ho ea moeling le KCR. Sebaka se seng se fumaneha maralleng a tlase sebakeng sa Gelendzhik le Novorossiysk. Linonyana tse tloaelehileng ka linako tse ling li ne li rekota Leoatleng la Azov Bochabela. Ho KK, nonyana e jang linonyana tse fallang.
Likarolo tse ling
Thrush ea lejoe le buluu la EuropeMonticola solitarius solitarius L. E tona e motšo e putsoa e lefifi ka 'mala o boputsoa bo bokhubelu, masiba a maholo a mapheo a bosootho bo nang le meeli e sephara e putsoa, masiba a mohatla a' mala o tšoanang. A masiba a macha kamora hoetla masiba a molora a nang le meeli e bosoeu bo bosoeu le metopa e lefifi. E tšehali ka holimo ke e sootho ka 'mala o moputsoa ka' mala o moputsoa o hlakileng kapa o sa bonahaleng ka 'mala o ts'oanang le oa monna ho masiba a macha, ka tlase e le bosoeu bo bosehla bo nang le litlhokoa tse tšoeu le mebala e sootho ea apical. Tse tona tse tšehali li na le motsoako oa putsoa. Mahlo a sootho, maoto a sootho, 'mala o moputsoa, o na le motheo oa mohlahare o motšo. E nang le mapheo a ka bang 120-130 limilimithara, e sa atisang ho ba kholo, mohatla o ka bang 80-85 mm. Switzerland, Pyrenees, ka boroa ho Fora, Italy, Hloahloeng ea Balkan, lihlekehleke tsa Mediterranean, ka boroa ho ea leboea Afrika, Asia Minor, Palestine, Iran ka bophirima, naheng ea pele ea USSR - Caucasus.
Drone ea Trans-Caspian Blue StoneMonticola solitarius longirostris 'Mala ke oa paler - ho tse tona le tse tšehali. E nyane hanyane ho feta sebopeho sa Europe - lepheo ke 112-125 mm, ka seoelo ho fihla ho 127 mm. S.v. Iran, sebaka sa Trans-Caspian (Kopet-Dag), mohlomong libaka tse ka bophirima ho Turkestan. Mariha ka leboea-bochabela. Afrika le NW India.
Turkestan lejoe le leputsoa la majoeMonticola solitarius pandoo Ha e lefifi eseng feela ka sebopeho se fetileng, empa le ea morabe oa Europe, e motona e lefifi, e sootho ka bohlooho, e tšehali joalo ka molumo o lefifi o sootho ka bohlooho. Boholo bo nyane - lepheo ke 110-121 mm. Ho tsoa ho Tibet le sesebelisoa. China ho isa Tien Shan, Ferghana, Alai, Pamir, Balochistan, Ladakh le Kashmir. Ho ea bophirima, bonyane ho isa Karatau, Samarkand le Bukhara (Kulyab) e ka bochabela. Mariha India, boroa ho China le Ceylon.
Ussuri lejoe le leputsoaMonticola solitarius rnagnus. E fapana le tsohle tse fetileng hobane tse tona li na le 'mala o pherese o khanyang,' me matsoele, mpa, matsoele le mebala e khubelu ea 'mala o mofubelu, tse tšehali li sootho ho tloha ka tlase, li lefifi ho feta mefuta e meng e tsoang holimo. Ho latela likarolo tsena M. s. magnus e tšoana le Chinese M. s. philippensis. Miiller (Natursyst., Anhang, 1776, leq. 142), empa boholo ba linonyana tsa Ussuri bo boholo ka ho fetisisa - lepheo la banna ke 120–129 mm, basali ke ba 115–125 mm, ha ka Sechaena boleng bo lumellanang feela e le 112 - 126 limilimithara. Li hlasela ka beseng ea Ussuri, Sehlekehlekeng sa Askold, Korea le Japane, le mariha ka boroa-bochabela. Ea Asia.
Matšoao a kantle a lejoe le leputsoa
Boholo ba 'mele oa lejoe le leputsoa le tšoana le boholo ba naleli. Mmele oa linonyana o bolelele ba 20 cm, mapheo a fihla ho cm 37- 37. Nonyana e boima ba ligrama tse 50-70. Tse tšehali le tse tona li khetholloa ke 'mala oa sekoahelo sa masiba.
Lejoe le leputsoa la thrush (Monticola solitarius).
Bophahamo ba e tona ke bohlooho bo botala ba boputsoa, mapheo le mohatla o nang le masiba a 'mala o lefifi. Matsoho a basali le a manyane a sootho ka 'mala o moputsoa ka' mala o moputsoa oa mokokotlo le mokokotlo o lefifi ka morao, sefubeng, mahlakoreng, 'mala o bosootho bo bosehla. Ho na le masiba a mangata a banna.
Metsoako ea majoe a Bochabela bo Hare e tšoantšoa le mefuta ea tsona; e na le 'mala o mofubelu o boputsoa bo bofubelu le mpa.
Metsoako ea lejoe le leputsoa ho latela sebaka seo batho ba lulang ho sona, ba na le phapang e le 'ngoe' me ba fapana ka moriti oa boholo ba tsona le mofuta oa lipina.
Ponahalo
Palesa ea lejoe le leputsoa ka kakaretso e tšoana le "thrush" ea lejoe, empa e fapana hantle ka 'mala o moputsoa ka kakaretso, mohatla o batla o le telele. Ho latela tloaelo, e tšoana le hete ho feta ho rusolla. Khafetsa o bina ntsintsi, mapheo le mohatla o pharalletseng. Litšoantšong tsa majoe a maputsoa, ho buuoa ka mokhoa oa thobalano, 'me bong ka bobeli bo ka khetholleha ho e mong, ka molao, joalo ka baemeli ba bang ba mofuta oa menyakoe ea majoe. Tse tona li na le masiba a maputsoa a maputsoa le a maputsoa (ba batona ba sebopeho sa Bochabela bo Hare ba na le mpa le mmala o mofubelu), le tse tšehali li sootho ha li na matheba a bobebe. Boithabiso ba bong ka bobeli bo sootho, maoto a sootho, molomo o motšo. Li na le boholo ba 20 cm, li nyane ho feta li-starlings tse tloaelehileng. E tšoauoa ka boits'oaro bo lihlong.
Ho bina
Ho bina ka mokhoa o phahameng oa lejoe le leputsoa ho utloahala melodic le melancholic. E totobetse haholo ha linonyana tse ling li sa khutse mantsiboea kapa nakong ea pula. Nako le nako, ho utloahala molumo o lerata ha ho bina pina ea lejoe le leputsoa. Ha e le molao, nonyana ena e qala ho bina e lutse holim'a lejoe, empa ho etsahala hore e bine nakong ea sefofane se kuta ka mohatla o pharalletseng, o qetellang ka ho teba.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Bluejoe thrush e bua ka litsomi tse letetseng phoofolo ea tsona. O lula sebakeng se phahameng mme o emela hore phofu e oele tšimong ea hae ea pono. Lijo tsa hae li entsoe haholo ke likokoanyana le likholomo tsa tsona, 'me nako le nako ho tloha ho monokotsoai, oo a o thotseng ka kotloloho mobung kapa lipikeng tsa limela. Nonyana ena hangata e lula haufi le matangoana, kaha e nooa haholo le ho itlhatsoa metsing letsatsi le letsatsi.
Ho tsala
Sebaka ka seng se latela sebaka se seng sa bophelo bohle ba sona, se ka fumanoang ka har'a lefika kapa lehaheng le lenyane. Mofuta oa lejoe le leputsoa, e leng nonyana e ferekanyang, o lula ho eona qetellong ea Hlakubele ebe oa e tlohela ka Loetse. Sehlaha se hahuoa ho tsoa metsong le metso ea limela tse limela tse tlotsitsoeng ka limela, 'me kahare e kentsoe thepa ea moaho e bonolo. Ka Mots'eanong, tse tšehali li behela mahe a 'mala o moputsoa a' mala o moputsoa (mahe a joalo ka mahe a lejoe le betliloeng empa a le bobebe) 'me hangata a koahetsoe ka makhasi a bofubelu bo sootho. Boholo ba lehe le tloaelehileng ke 27,57 x 19,91 limilimithara. Mahe a hatch matsatsi a 12-13. Kamora ho hlaha, malinyane a lula sehlaheng matsatsi a ka bang 18, ka mor'a moo ka June a fumana bokhoni ba ho fofa. Ka nako e itseng ba tsamaea le batsoali ba bona nakong ea lifofane, ebe ba qala bophelo bo ikemetseng. Masiba a mofuta ona ho banna a hlaha feela ka selemo sa bobeli kapa sa boraro sa bophelo.
Likarolo tse ikhethang
Metsoako oa lejoe le leputsoa la Asia Bochabela o fapana hantle le libaka tse ling tse nang le 'mala o moputsoa bo khanyang,' me ka ho fetisisa, sefuba, mpa, mpa le tlas'a 'mala o mofubelu o mofubelu. Tse tšehali ka lehlakoreng la 'mele li na le botšo, ka lehlakoreng le letšo li lefifi ho feta li-subspecies tse ling. 'Me ka lejoe le leputsoa la Trans-Caspian,' mala o moputsoa o bonahala hantle ho feta lits'ebetsong tsa Europe le Turkestan.
Likarolo tsa biology le ecology
Libaka tsa likhoele tse nang le mekhabiso e melelele ke libaka tse nang le makhulo a matala a joang bo tlase, bo kopaneng le mafika, libaka tse nang le lewatle le bophahamo ba leoatle ba Mediterranean le mafika a leoatle a leoatle. Likokoanyana li hlophisitsoe fatše kapa mafikeng. Ho li-clutch mahe a 4-6. Manqosa a ja likokoanyana le monokotsoai.
Botebo le mekhoa ea eona
Karolong e ka boroa ea karolo ea Europe ea Russia, palo ea mefuta e hakanyetsoa ho li-pearl tse likete tse 5-15. Ho KK, mefuta e nyane ka palo, ka bobeli li arohanang li-nesting. Ho na le tloaelo ea ho fokotseha ha ho hlaha ha linonyana sebakeng sa Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk sa mekhahlelo. Palo eohle ea mefuta, ho latela likhakanyo tsa setsebi, ha e felle ka 20-30 lipara.
Mehato e hlokahalang le e meng ea ts'ireletso
'Mele oa lejoe le betliloeng o sirelelitsoe libakeng tsa KGBPZ. Hoa hlokahala ho theha libaka tse sirelelitsoeng (liemahale tsa tlhaho) sebakeng sa Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk sa libaka tsa linonyana tsa linonyana ka bomong. Ho molemo ho phatlalatsa mashano a pharalletseng a ts'ireletso ea mefuta ena e kotsing ea ho phela.
Mehloli ea tlhaiso-leseling. 1. Belik, 2005, 2. Kazakov, Bakhtadze, 1998, 3. Kazakov, Belik, 1971, 4. Oleinikov, Kharchenko, 1964, 5. Ochapovsky, 1967a, 6. Petrov, Kurdova, 1961, 7. Linonyana tsa Soviet Union, 1954b, 8. Stepanyan, 2003, 9. Turov, 1932, 10. IUCN, 2004. E kopantsoe. P.A. Tilba.
Lejoe le leputsoa
Ho bina ka mokhoa o phahameng oa lejoe le leputsoa ho utloahala melodic le melancholic. E totobetse haholo ha linonyana tse ling li sa khutse mantsiboea kapa nakong ea pula. Nako le nako, ho utloahala molumo o lerata ha ho bina pina ea lejoe le leputsoa. Ha e le molao, nonyana ena e qala ho bina e lutse holim'a lejoe, empa ho etsahala hore e bine nakong ea sefofane se kuta ka mohatla o pharalletseng, o qetellang ka ho teba.
Bona hore na "Stone Thrush" ke eng ho likishinari tse ling:
Lejoe le leputsoa - Monticola solitarius bona hape 18.15.5. Lejoe la genus le sututsa lejoe la Monticola Blue lejoe le bitsoang thrush Monticola solitarius E tona e putsoa ka botlalo ka mapheo le mohatla o moputsoa, mpa e bo-sootho bo bofubelu ho linonyana tse tsoang Bochabela bo Hare. Basali le ba banyenyane ... ... Linonyana tsa Russia. Buka ea litšupiso
lejoe le leputsoa - mėlynasis akmeninis strazdas maemoas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: lotho. Monticola solitarius angl. blue rock thrush vok. Blaumerle, moq. lejoe le leputsoa, m pranc. Monticole merle bleu, m ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas
Motley Stonebird - Monticola saxatilis bona hape 18.15.5. Lejoe la genus le thunya Monticola Variegated lejoe le sutumetsa Monticola saxatilis Male o na le nuhvostu e tšoeu, sefuba se sefubelu se mafubelu le mpa, tse tšehali le tse bokhubelu tse bofubelu. Litlhoko lithabeng ... ... Linonyana tsa Russia. Buka ea litšupiso
Stone thrush - (Monticola) mofuta oa mefuta ea lipina ho tsoa ho sena. meqathatso (bona). Tsena, "Turdus, Merula" li haufi le boholo ba tsona, empa ka sebopeho sa 'mele le molomo oa tsona li batla li tšoana le sefubeng. Mefuta e robeli e amanang le D. e lula lithabeng tsa mafika tsa Lefatše la Khale le ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus le I.A. Efrone
Bbb - Turdus merula bona le 18.15.1. Mofuta oa "Turbus" oa "Turbus" oa "blackbird" E tona e sootho ka ho hlakileng ka molomo oa 'mala oa lamunu le selikalikoe ho pota-pota leihlo, e tšehali le e putsoa ka mohatla o lefifi, tsela e fetelletseng sefubeng le leseli ... ... Linonyana tsa Russia. Buka ea litšupiso
Thrush e nang le 'mala o mosoeu - Turdus torquatus bona hape 18.15.1. Mofuta oa mofuta oa Turdus o bosoeu bo bosootho bo bosootho bo bosootho bo hlakileng bo bitsoang "Turdus torquatus" bo boholo bo ts'oanang le ho qala linaleli. E tona e sootho ka 'mala o bosootho ba masiba le' mala o mosoeu mosemeng o nang le sebopeho se nang le mapheoana ... ... Linonyana tsa Russia. Directory Wikipedia
'Mala o moputsoa oa lejoe le leputsoa ke oa lelapa la batho ba fofang ka lifofane. Mofuta ona o emeloa ke mefuta e 5 ea lipehelo e abeloang Eurasia, Afrika Leboea le Sumatra. 'Mala oa lejoe le leputsoa o nkoa e le lets'oao la naha la Malta.
Litloaelo tsa mofuta oa lejoe le leputsoa
Lejoe le leputsoa le khomarela liphula tse lithaba tse pota-potiloeng ke mafika. E lula bophahamong ba limithara tse fetang likete tse 3 ho feta leoatle. E khetha mabopo a lejoe, lithako tsa meaho, tse fumanoang esita le libakeng tsa bolulo tsa batho. E lula moepeng o ommeng oa lithaba le matsoapo a leoatle a nang le niches, li-cornices, mapetso, litselana, tse koahetsoeng ke joang kapa lihlahla.
Makhoaba a khetha sebaka se nang le mafika sebakeng se nang le mafika haufi le mabopo a linoka le mafikeng a bulehileng a maralla, haufi le lebopo la leoatle.
Chaena, e lula karolong e ka hare ea naha, haholo-holo ka leboea-bochabela. Hajoale, sebaka seo majoe a bolokiloeng ka sona ha a so fetohe haholo.
Likarolo tsa boitšoaro ba mofuta oa lejoe le leputsoa
Li-thrushes tsa lejoe le leputsoa li bolokoa li le mong kapa ka bobeli ka majoe, majoeng, fatše. Ke linonyana tse ntle tse lihlong. Li fofa ka lebelo, 'me mapheo a tsona a matla, li khona ho theoha mapheo a bulehileng. Linonyana hangata li ka bonoa haufi le letangoana. Ba rata ho sesa le ho noa haholo. Ntle le moo, likokoanyana tse ngata li lula li fofa haufi le metsi.
Tse tona tse tšehali li tšoana le tsa linonyana tse ling. Ba bina ba intsa, kapa ba lutse leralleng, ka mantsoe a phahameng, ba lla ka molumo o moholo oa lekolilo. Sebakeng sa kotsi, ho lla ho matla ho fanoa - "cheke-cheke".
Li-Bluebird tsa lejoe hangata li thella ho tloha lejoe ho isa ho lejoe. Nako le nako ba phahamisa le ho theola mohatla oa bona o mokgutshwane, ba tlolela fatshe.
Boholo ba lejoe la palesa le leputsoa
Palo ea linonyana tsena tsa linonyana ho pholletsa le mefuta eohle ha e kholo. Lebopong la mafika la Primorye, ho na le linonyana tse 1 feela, ka seoelo 2, bolelele ba kilometer. Linaheng tse ling tsa Europe, li-bluebird tsa majoe ke linonyana tse fumanehang ka seoelo ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea libaka tse bonolo tsa nesting ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea tikoloho.
Ho bina ka mokhoa o phahameng oa lejoe le leputsoa ho utloahala melodic le melancholic.
Lebela lejoe le leputsoa la leputsoa
Mehato ea ts'ireletso libakeng tsa polokelo ea Lazovsky, Sikhote-Alinsky le Far East e sebetsa ho lejoe le leputsoa. Liketsahalo tse ikhethang ha lia ntlafatsoa. Ka ho boloka sebaka se lula hantle, u ka eketsa palo ea majoe a maputsoa. Boemong ba machaba, mofuta oa lejoe le leputsoa o tlalehiloe ho SPES 3, Bonn Convention (Sehlomathiso II), le Bernese Thrush (Sehlomathiso II), joalo ka mofuta o hlokang ts'ireletso le khokahano.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena .
E loketse ho bolokoa le sehlopha sa mefuta ea mofuta oa mofuta lejoe le thata - Monticola. Ho na le mefuta e 3 ea limela tsa rona. Linonyana tsena li bonts'a ho fifala ka mokhoa oa thobalano ka 'mala. Lejoe le tummeng la lejoe la malepa a tala (Monticola saxatilis) le pente e phatsima haholo. Hlooho ea hae le molala li putsoa, mokokotlo le mapheo a eona a sootho, manala a eona a tšoeu, 'mele oa hae o ka tlase ke letlalo. E lula litsing tsa lithaba tse ka boroa ho Siberia e ka Bophirima le e bohareng, hammoho le lithabeng tsa Asia Bohareng, Caucasus le Carpathians. Ho lula lithaba tse ommeng tsa lithaba, tse koahetsoeng ke limela tse nammeng.
Boitšoaro ba ho tlatlapa ka majoe bo tšoauoa ka litsuonyana khafetsa le likhohola tsa mohatla.
Pina ena e na le lipina tse monate, mololi le mangole a etsisa linonyana tse ling. A. Brem oa ngola: “Ho bina ho lokile, ho na le motho ea fapaneng, o fapa-fapaneng, o lentsoe le phahameng ka nako e ts'oanang ebile o mosa, o fapana haholo ho latela hore na sebini se lula hokae le ka talenta ea sona. stanzas eohle e tsoa lipina tsa linonyana tse ling, tse kang Nightingale, blackbird, birdbler, warbler, lebala le steppe lark, likoekoe, nonyana e sefahleho se khubelu, Finch, Oriole, hazel grouse esita le mokoko. " Ka nako e ts'oanang, mangole a linonyana tse etsisitsoeng tse entsoeng ke lejoe la motley le boreleli a matle haholo.
Lihlaha tsa linonyana li hahuoa pakeng tsa majoe kapa majoeng a majoe. Tsena ke tse hahiloeng ka mokhoa o hlephileng ho tsoa ho litlolo tsa limela. Li patiloe ka boiphihlelo haholo, kahoo ho thata ho li fumana. Clutch e na le mahe a tšeletseng a botala bo botala. Batsoali ka bobeli ba fepa mahe le ho fepa malinyane.
Lapeng, li-thrushes tsa majoe li feptjoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le litlatsetso tsa 'nete. Ho fepa ka matsoho ho se ho khahla haholo. Li khona ho ikatisa likhoteng tse bulehileng moeeng, li fepa malinyane a mefuta e meng. A. Brem o lumela hore "li ka baloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng har'a linonyana tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tse lulang Europe."
A batla a le tlase ho eena ka bokhoni ba ho bina lejoe le leputsoa(Monticola solitarius) ea natefeloang, leha ho le joalo, o na le botumo joaloka sebini se setle haholo. E lula lithabeng tsa Europe Boroa, Afrika Leboea, Asia bochabela ho Leoatle la Pacific, moo e lulang mabopong a leoatle. Ba batona ba libaka tse ka bophirimela tsa 'mala o moputsoa ba' mala o moputsoa, 'me mabotho a pharalletseng a Bochabela a na le mebala e' meli - 'mele o ka holimo, hlooho le molala o moputsoa,' me mpa le kahare li bokhubelu. Tse tšehali, joalo ka mefuta e meng ea majoe, li na le 'mala o lefifi ho fapana le oa nondescript. Li na le matheba a 'mala o bosoeu bo bosehla mehatleng ea tsona.
Li-Bluebird linaheng tsa Mediterranean, haholo-holo Greece le Malta li nkoa e le libini tsa kamore tse ratehang. Ho fepa, tse nkiloeng lihlaheng ke malinyane, li sebelisoa haholo ho isa kholehong.
Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa litsomi tsa lapeng, e ratoang ka ho fetisisa har'a menyakoe ea majoe ke lejoe la mongobo(Monticola gularis) . O lula merung ea naha e ka boroa ho Bochabela bo Holimo 'me o oela ka har'a lisele tsa batho ba mo ratang hangata. O monyane ho feta banab'abo. Tse tona li na le "hlooho" e putsoa le mahetla, hammoho le marapo a masiba a fofang le a mohatla. 'Metso le matheong a mapheo a soeufetse. Bakeng sa sena o rehiloe lebitso le leng - thrush e nang le 'mala o mosoeu . Mahlakore a hlooho, mapheo le mohatla a sootho-a bosootho. Ka mokokotlong oa basali, mapheo le mohatla li 'mala o sootho, ka morao ho na le matheba a lefifi, "hlooho" hloohong e putsoa, karolo e tlase ea' mele e soeufala ka likhoele tse 'mala o moputsoa o sootho. Ho fapana le beng ka bona ba lulang majoeng, mohloa oa lejoe la moru o lula merung e kopaneng le e kopaneng haufi le matsoapo. Ha e mengata, baahi ba leboea ke linonyana tse fallang.
Pina ea hae ho na le melumo e monate ea mololi. Sena, hammoho le ponahalo ea sona e ntle le boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane, li etsa hore lejoe la moru le akhele phoofolo e ratehang bakeng sa likoleke tse ngata tsa linonyana.
Vladimir Ostapenko. "Linonyana ka tlung ea hau." Moscow, "Ariadia", 1996