Letša Baikal - Laboralo le hlollang la tlhaho le ikhethang moo u ka ithutang bophelo ba ka metsing a hloekileng a ka mohohlong. Mefuta e mecha le mefuta ea lintho tse phelang e lula e hlaha letšeng. Ho theosa le nalane eohle, Baikal ka boeona le lintho tse phelang lefatšeng la eona li bile teng ka ho iphetola ha lintho. Ka lebaka lena, letšeng lena ho na le mefuta ea lihloliloeng tsa khale haholo tse ileng tsa hlaha ka letšeng le lenyenyane pele ho Baikal, le tse nyane tse ileng tsa hlaha Letšeng la Baikal. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 300 ea protozoa le palo e lekanang ea amphipods tse khahlisang ka ho fetesisa, liboko tse fapa-fapaneng le tse chitja, crustaceans, likokoanyana, mollusks, tlhapi le tiiso (litiiso).

Limela tsa Baikal

Baikal e na le mefuta e fetang 1000 ea limela tse metsing! Ntle le algae, ho fumanoa mefuta e ka bang 20 ea limela tse thunyang mona. Likhetla le matangoana a letša lena, likepe tsa lona tse sirelelitsoeng le noka tsa noka li fepa limela tse kang litsie tse sa tloaelehang, tse tšesaane, makhapetla, lehlaka, linaka le sedge.

Algae of Baikal

Haufi le mabopo a Letša la Baikal, libaka tse mabopo a letsoapong le tebileng la leoatle ha li na limela tse thunyang. Leha ho le joalo, li-algae li lula moo. Haeba u sheba majoe ka hloko ho tloha ka Phupu, Phato le Loetse, u tla bona semela se botala se bonojoana joalo ka moss - ulocrix. Boholo ba majoe ana a koahetsoe ke likhoele tse bosehla bo bosehla bo bitsoang didimosthenia, esita le botebo (limithara tse 3-10) o tla bona lihlahla tse nyane tsa Baikal draparnaldia, eo pele e neng e theha lihlaha tse botala tse lefifi. Mefuta e meng ea limela e boetse ea bonahala bophahamong bona.

Phytoplankton e ruileng haholo ebile e fapane haholo, e lula mohoareng oa metsi moo e fumanang leseli le lengata. Tsena ke li-algae tsa khauta tsa diatoms tsa khale. Mefuta e mengata ea lipalesa tsena e hola ka matla mathoasong a selemo, ha letša le ntse le koahetsoe ke leqhoa. Har'a tsona ho na le li-diatoms tse ratang ho bata: melisir, cittotella le sinedra. Haholo-holo libaka tse ngata tse hlakileng tsa leqhoa li na le lehloa ebile li rata serame sa nako e telele.

Lehlabuleng, ha metsi a futhumala, mohloa o ratang serame o hlahisa mefuta e mengata haholo e ratang mocheso - botala, botala-boputsoa, ​​khauta le mefuta e meng ea diatoms. Palo ea algae ho Baikal e fapana ho latela selemo.

Reindeer

Ha a bua ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa Letša la Baikal, tse thathamisitsoeng ho Buka e Khubelu 'me li le haufi le ho timela, motho o ke ke a hopola hopolo ea pale e tummeng. Le pele Marussia a lula Siberia, likhama tsa naha li ne li lula haufi le sebaka sohle seo hona joale se ahiloeng ke sebaka sa Irkutsk. Ka sebele ena ke phoofolo e ikhethang: ke lona feela likhama tse lefatšeng le linaka li apereng tse tona le tse tšehali.

O boetse o khona ho fumana lijo tlasa lehloa ka botebo ba lisenthimithara tse 120. Ka qalo ea nts'etsopele e matla ea libaka, ka ho lema ha naha, ho rengoa ha meru, 'me hamorao ka lebaka la kaho ea likhoebo le litsela, palo ea likhoro tse hlaha tsa Siberia ea Bochabela e ile ea qala ho fokotseha haholo, joalo ka phoofolo e ile ea lahleheloa ke libaka tseo e fumanang lijo ho eona. Kajeno, litsebi tsa tikoloho ho pota lefatše li loanela ho pholosa phoofolo ena e sa tloaelehang, hobane ha ho na motho ea ka nkang mong'a taiga ena.

Red Wolf

Phiri e khubelu ke phoofolo e 'ngoe e seng e batla e nyametse Russia. Sebakeng sa Irkutsk ho feta moeli o ka leboea oa mefuta ea sebata sena. Batho ba nang le lehlohonolo la ho bona setsomi sena se sa tloaelehang ba re e shebahala eka ke phiri, fox le jackal ka nako e le 'ngoe. 'Mala o bofubelu bo tukang ba mokokotlo, o kopantsoe le mpa e bobebe le maqaqailana, mohatla o motšo o etsa hore sebata sena e be se khahlang haholo.
Se ke oa nyenyefatsa matla a eona: mohlape o moholo oa liphiri tse khubelu o ka hlola lengau kapa nkoe.

Ho ts'oasa lits'oants'o tsa likhoho, hammoho le ho fetoha ha mocheso butle-butle le mocheso o matla o amanang le lehloa le limela tsa moru, li bakile phokotso ea liphiri tse khubelu Russia.

Baahi ba banyenyane ho feta Baikal

Lintho tse nyane haholo tse lulang Letšeng la Baikal li kenyelletsa likokoana-hloko tse le 'ngoe tsa protozoa: ciliates, rhizomes, flagella le sporoforms. Ha ho na letša le leng le nang le bohlokoa bo boholo joalo ba li-ciliate bophelong ba lintho tse phelang tse phelang botebo ba metsi. Mefuta e meng ea li-ciliates e fumaneha esita le botebong ba limithara tse 600! Li-ciliate tse ling li phela ka metsing ka boeona (mefuta ea 84). Ba bang ba phela ka likokoana-hloko tsa boea ba bona bo sa bonahaleng. Empa li-protozoa tsohle ke lijo tsa mefuta e hlophisehileng haholoanyane.

Lehlabuleng, ha metsi a khutsitse, marang-rang a maputsoa a maputsoa a lefifi le letšo le fapaneng la sebopeho se fapaneng, se seng le se seng se nang le sebopeho se ikhethang, se bonahala ka metsing.

Liponche tsohle tsa Baikal li lula mobung o majoe libakeng tse bulehileng tsa letša. Boithuto bo entsoeng ke lisebelisoa tse tebileng tsa leoatle "Pisces" li bonts'a hore ba phela botebong ba limilimithara tse 1000. Baikal sturgeon e sebelisa seponche joaloka lijo.

Har'a mefuta e mengata ea liboko tse ahileng Letšeng la Baikal, ho na le liboko tse ngata tse sa tloaelehang tse bitsoang cibaryia (ka turbilaria ka Latin). Liboko tse joalo, hammoho le liponche tse lulang haufi le liliba tse chesang tsa Frolikh, li na le karolo ea 60 lekholong ea khabone ea khale. Turbilaria ena ea Baikal e bontša phapang e fapaneng ka 'mala le boholo. Li na le lipaterone tse khanyang ka mebala e fapaneng mme li ka fihla bolelele ba lisentimitara tse 30 ka bolelele le lisenthimithara tse 4-5 ka bophara ha e boletsoe. Liboko tsena kaofela li felile, li lula feela libakeng tse bulehileng Letšeng la Baikal.

Liboko tsa Baikal li fula ka tlase ho letša, moo li batlang motho ea hlasetsoeng teng, a li holofatsa, ebe o li koahela ka moholi ebe butle-butle o li hulela 'meleng. Ho fepa likokoana-hloko tse kulang le tse fokolang, mefuta ea tsona e sebetsa joalo ka taelo ea bongaka.

Tlas'a majoe ho letsopa le, ho isa tekanyong e nyane, likarolong tse lehlabathe tse ka tlase ho letša, ho tloha bophahamong bo holimo ho fihlela metsing a tebileng, ho na le libopeho tse bopehileng joaloka seboko - liboko - oligochaetes. Sehlopha sena sa liboko se na le mefuta e ka bang 70, karolo ea 90 ea eona e seretse 'me e lula metsing a Letšeng la Baikal.

Har'a baahi ba benthic, oligocrates e lula maemong a hlahelletseng. Karolo e nyane ea oligich e lemaletse, boholo ba tsona bo le kotsi. Hangata e ba lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ling tse hlophisehileng haholoanyane. Liboko tse tšosang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lihoreng tsa tlhaho tsa letša. I. Izosimov o lumela hore li-oligycetes ke mofuta oa limela tsa Tertiary, tse ileng tsa thehoa khale tsa ba tsa fetoha lefuoa, ha Baikal e bonts'a mefuta e mengata e mecha ka meaho e ikhethang eo e ba lumellang ho phela ka har'a metsi ana a mangata.

Ntle le mefuta ea scarecrow, moemeli ea bohelehele oa liboko tse bopehileng joaloka seboko - policheta maasayunkia baikalica - o lula ka letšeng. O lula ka meqomong e menyenyane e hahiloeng ka likaroloana tsa silika le lehlabathe, e kopantsoeng ke ntho e itseng. Moemeli enoa ea tloaelehileng oa metsing a leoatle kapa a khathollang a lula metsing a silika a mabopong, masimong a spongy, makaleng a limela le libakeng tse ling. Ha ho so tsejoe hore na o fihlile joang Baikal, empa ho na le likhopolo tse 'maloa tse khahlisang ka sena.

Baikal mollusks

Hoa tsebahala hore mefuta e fetang lekholo ea li-mollusk e lula Letšeng la Baikal. Li phela mobung o seretse kapa o lehlabathe, haholo boteng ba limithara tse 15-20. Li-Shellfish ha li na botebo ba limithara tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30, mme ke mefuta e fokolang feela ea li -fishfish e lulang botebong ba limithara tse 100-150. Li nyane ebile li na le likhetla tse harelaneng ka lebaka la metsi a batang le ho hloka letsoai la calcium. 'Mollusk e fana ka lijo tse ntle bakeng sa li-sturgeon, whitefish, grey, gby le noha.

Hoo e batlang e le libonki tsohle tsa Baikal ke tsa malapa a mantlha a Letša la Baikal; li fumaneha ka liforomo tsa tsona tsa letsopa tse fumanehang litsing tsa letša, tse lilemo li milione. Ho khahlisang haholo ke lelapa la ho qetela la li-baikalid tsa libopeho tse fapaneng le boholo ba likhetla, tse khabisitsoeng ka mokhoa o monate ka likhopo, keel, lipehelo le matlooa a sephara a tšekaletseng.

Likokoana-hloko tsa Baikal

Qalong ea lehlabula, qetellong ea Mots'eanong-Hlakubele, likhama tsa caddis, likokoanyana tse qhotsang melatswaneng li qala ho fofa ka bongata bo felletseng. Likokoanyana tsena, tse tsejoang hape e le "broomstick" ka boroa ho Letša la Baikal le "lipochan" ka leboea, li tlatsa moea ho tloha lebopong 'me li bokane ka bongata bo boholo mafikeng, majoeng le lifateng le haufi le metsi. Mokha oa bona oa batho ba baholo o nka matsatsi a 'maloa. Ka ho behela mahe ka metsing, likokoanyana tse baholo lia shoa. Likotola tsa tsona li fetoha pupae, 'me nakong ea selemo li na le mapheo.

Ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa lintsintsi tsa "caddis", libere li potlakela lebopong selemo se seng le se seng, ka bonngoe kapa ka lihlopha tsa malapa, ho ja likokoanyana. Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-graylings le omuls li "otlolla" lebopong - mofuta ona oa lijo o na le phepo e ntle haholo! Har'a likokoanyana tse ling, li-chironomid li ngata, li ka ba mefuta e ka bang 60, empa ke karolo ea boraro feela ea tsona e lulang Baikal e bulehileng.

Leopard e se nang mathata ea lehloa

Lengau lehloa kapa lengau lehloa ke phoofolo e makatsang ka ho fetisisa ea Siberia le Baikal. Barekisi ba marang-rang ba Marussia ba ile ba alima lebitso la senokoane ho litsomi tsa Turkic lekholong la bo 17 la lilemo. Empa ha se khale haholo, ka bo-80 ba lekholo lena la bo20 la lilemo, litsomi tsa lehae li ne li hana ho lumela hore sebatana se teng, li bua ka taba ea hore ha ho bo-ntate kapa bo-ntate-moholo ba bone lengau la lehloa.

Leha ho le joalo, hajoale ho tsejoa ka mokhoa o ts'epahalang hore, ho na le mangau a lehloa a ka bang 6-8 a lulang Seterekeng sa Irkutsk, mme a ka bang 30 a le Buryatia.Hohle, ho ka etsahala hore ebe ho na le mangau a lehloa a fetang 50 a a lulang East Sayan, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tsa eona, ho Tyva le sebakeng sa Krasnoyarsk. Sebata sena se sa tloaelehang, empa se kotsi haholo se feta sa lynx, ntle le pelaelo ke setsomi se setle. Kajeno, lengau la lehloa le kentsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Russia, 'me baithaopi ba bangata ho pholletsa le naha ba sebeletsa ho boloka le ho eketsa mefuta ena.

Siberan Lynx

Mohlaseli oa linepe tse ntle o ile a tloaela maemo a mariha a mariha a Siberia. Bolelele ba 'mele oa lynx bo fihla ho cm 130, mme e tona e ka ba bolelele ba 70 cm. Boima ba phoofolo bo boholo ke 25 kg. Li na le 'mele o teteaneng ebile li na le mohatla o mokhuts'oanyane, hammoho le marokho a ikhethang litsebeng tsa litsebe. Li-Lynxes li khetholloa ke li-paws tse kholo haholo - tlhaho e ba putsa ka tsona, e le hore ho be bonolo hore liphoofolo li tsamaee ka har'a lehloa le hore li se ke tsa hloleha. 'Mala oa lynx o mosi kapa o mofubeli ka' mala oa lerootho.

Ntsu e 'mala o mosoeu

Sebaka sa Baikal le libaka tse e potileng li har'a linonyana tse sa tloaelehang joalo ka ntsu e nang le tai e tšoeu. Ena ke sebata se jang nama ka ho fetesisa tikolohong ea Irkutsk, 'me hoa thabisa hobane e ikamahantse le bophelo haufi le linoka tse kholo, matša, mabopo esita le mabopo a leoatle, ea eba motšoasi oa litlhapi ea nang le boiphihlelo. Nakong ea ho tsoma lihlapi, ntsu ka linako tse ling e ikakhela ka metsing nakoana e khutšoane. Tšokelo e kholo ho mefuta ena ke ho senngoa ha libaka tseo e lulang ho tsona - ho senngoa ha meru (le ho chesa) meru e haufi le litopo tsa metsi, ho senngoa ha libaka tse mongobo le tšibollo ea liphoofolo le tsona ke tšusumetso e hlakileng.

Kajeno nonyana ena e sa tloaelehang e sirelelitsoe ka bobeli maemong a All-Russian le a machabeng.

Sehloho se ka sehloohong sa Baikal - epishura

Moahi oa metsi a letšeng lena a nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa ke mohloa oa Copepodae - Baikal episcura. Re bua ka boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa manna, boholo ba limilimitara tse 1.5 bakeng sa hae ke "ntho e kholo". Leha ho le joalo, ke mofuta ona oa mofuta oa crustacean o etsang karolo ea 96 lekholong ea Baikal zooplankton. Episcura e bapala karolo e ikhethang mokhahlelong oa Letša la Baikal. Crustacean ena ke eona e ka sehloohong e sebelisang matla a tlhaho ea tlhaho 'me e pepesetsa libaktheria tsa letša hore li filtara hantle. Ha ho fetelletse taba ho bolela hore Epishur ke filthara e kholo ea Baikal. Ho ea ka Moprofesa G. Galaza, rasaense ea tummeng (Lake Baikal, 1979), "selemong, batho bohle ba mefuta ena ba tloha ho 500 ho isa ho a le mong.

Nts'etsopele ea li crustaceans Letšeng la Baikal ha e sa tloaelehang haholo, haholo-holo li-amphipods, tse baloang ka mefuta e ka bang 300 ka letšeng (karolo ea boraro ea mabenyane ohle a tsejoang lefatšeng!). Ha e le hantle, ba phela ka tlase, moo ba ka chekelang fatše, ba ipata ka tlas'a majoe, ba khasa ka tlase 'me ka boiketlo ba lula liponcheng tsa Baikal, ba e ja ka litšenyehelo tsa bona.Ka metsing a sa tebang, a khetholloa ke mebala e khanyang le pono e ntle, boteng bo boholo ha a na mebala, a foufetse ebile a na le manaka a malelele ao a batlang lijo mobung.

Boholo ba li amphipod ke lira tse jang litopo. Ba ja li-invertebrates, litlhapi tse shoeleng le likokoana-hloko tse ling. Ka linako tse ling batšoasi ba litlhapi, haeba ba se na nako ea ho hlahloba matlooa a bona ka nako, ba kope litlhapi tse "khehiloeng" kapa masela a se nang nama eohle. Li-Amphipod ke litaelo tse ntle tsa bongaka hape li sebetsa e le lijo tsa litlhapi.

Har'a amphipods, sebaka se ikhethileng ke sa pelagic (e lulang botebong ba metsi) crustacean - macrohectopus kapa Jurassic, joalo ka ha batšoasi ba litlhapi ba e bitsa. Jurassic ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa lijo tsa Emm, hape e fana ka lijo bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea litlhapi. Macrohectopus ke moahi ea tloaelehileng oa Baikal ea bulehileng. Nakong ea motšehare, bongata ba eona bo lula bo le haufi le karolo e kaholimo ea metsi a 200-250 cm. Bosiu, e tsamaea ka har'a likarolo, e tsoma libopuoa tse nyane tsa planktonic.

Baikal sturgeon

Ha re bua ka baemeli ba fumanehang seoelo sa Letša la Baikal, ho ke ke ha khoneha hore re se ke ra bua ka baahi ba eona ba ka tlasa metsi. Sturgeon ea Siberia ke mofuta o fokotsang ka potlako oa sturgeon o lulang metsing a sa tebang, libakeng tse kholo le haufi le melapo ea linoka tse kholo. Li-Sturgeons tsa Baikal li phela lilemo tse 50-60 kapa ho feta, li fihla ho li-kilos tse 100-130 tsa boima, limithara tse 1,5-1,8 kapa ho feta.

Qetellong ea lekholo le fetileng la lilemo, li-sturgeon tse fetang 1000 li ile tsa chekoa Baikal le linokeng tsa eona.

Ka lebaka la taba ea hore bacha ba batlile ba felisoa, ho ts'oasa lihlapi tsa sturgeon qalong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo ho ile ha theoha ka boholo bo fokolang. Ho tloha ka 1945, thibelo ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa sturgeon e ile ea hlahisoa, 'me hona joale litheko tsa eona li ntse li eketseha butle-butle.

Litlhapi tsa Baikal

Mefuta e 56 ea litlhapi e lula Baikal. Boholo ba tsona ke malinyane - boea bo sephara ("phatla e sephara", joalo ka ha bo bitsoa sebakeng sa habo bona). Li thehiloe Baikal ho tloha sebopeho sa khale, joalo ka lipoho tsa Anadyr le Michigan, Baikal e emeloa ke mefuta e 32, e 29 e leng seoa. Boholo ba lipoho ke baahi ba ka tlase ho lefatše, ba leng botebong ba metsi.

Baikal e boetse ke lehae la litlhapi tse ka tlas'a lefatše tse nang le metsi a hloekileng haholo. Litlhapi tsena li khonne ho boloka pono ea tsona le botebong bo tebileng, leha li bona setšoantšo se ntšo le se tšoeu.

Mefuta e 'meli ea li-gobies, e' mala o moputsoa le e ntšo, e lula botebong ba metsi. Mefuta ena ea pelagic e lula mokatong o kaholimo oa limithara tse 100, e ja babishopo le jura. Mohlala oa likhomo tsa lipoho tsa pelagic (tse nyane), haholoholo tsa lipoho tse khanyang tse tala, tse bitsoang li-poyed (lijo tse monate), ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa lijo tsa Emm.

Mohlomong litlhapi tse khahlisang haholo Letšeng la Baikal ke golomyanka (tlhapi ea oli), eo maemong a mangata e lulang e le mohlolo. Golomyanka - e kholo le e nyane - e phela feela Letšeng la Baikal. Boholo ba tsona ha li fete lisenthimithara tse 24, ha li na sekala, ke li-pelescent (pelescent) ka 'mala le pepeneneng. Li na le liperesente tse 35 tsa oli ea meriana e nang le vithamine A. Golomyanka ke tlhapi e kholo ka ho fetisisa Letšeng la Baikal, mehloli ea lona e ka ba lithane tse likete tse 150. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na boemo ba bophelo ba hae ha a sesa likolong, ka hona ha a kenyeletsoa lenaneng la litlhapi tsa lijo. Baahi ba khale ba re khale, kamora sefefo, li-golomyanks li ile tsa bokana lebopong, 'me mafura a qhibiliha mme a sebelisetsoa ho phekola rheumatism, atherosclerosis le ho folisa maqeba a ke keng a utloisa bohloko nako e telele. Golomyanka ke tlhapi e phelisang, ke eona feela moo re qalang. Ka nako e ts'oanang ho tsoaloa li-fry tse 3000. Basali ba bangata ba shoa kamora ho utloa ngoana. Khafetsa, golomyanka e tsoala habeli, esita le honyane, makhetlo a mararo. Li-golomyank li phela ka tlholeho lilemo tse fetang tse 6.

Tlhapi ena e nyane e khona ho mamella khatello e kholo ka ho fetisisa botebong ba metsi a Baikal. Bosiu e nyolohela ka holim'a metsi, 'me motšehare e phaphama ka metsing a tebileng. Litsebi tsa Limnologists li bile le monyetla oa ho bona boitšoaro ba golominki botebong ba metsi. Botebong ba limithara tse 1000 ho isa ho tse 1400 kapa ho feta, golomyank e tsamaea ka bolokolohi ka tsela e ts'oanang le e otlolohileng, athe leha e le botebo, sethunya sena se ke ke sa thunya ka lebaka la khatello e kholo.

Ho hlokomeloa hore golomyanka e tsotella haholo mocheso oa metsi. Mocheso oa lona o phahameng o fihla ho + 5 ° C, 'me sena se qoba lithemparetjha tse phahameng. A ke ke a phela ho + 10 ° C kapa ho feta.

Litlhapi tse ka sehloohong tsa lijo Letšeng la Baikal ke om. Ha ho tluoa litabeng tsa bonolo le litšoaneleho tse khahlisang tsa nama, mola ha a tsebe bahlolisani ba tsona. Baahi ba Emm ke ba bahlano: Selenginsky, Chivyrkuisky, Ambassadorial, North Baikal le Barguzinsky.

Ka hoetla, nakong ea lehlaka, baahi ka bomong ba feta nokeng ea bona. Maikutlo a tlhaho a ho tsoela pele molokong a etsa horeower a hlōle lits'oants'o tsa sefefo le mabopo a noka. Caviar e lula lehlabatheng le nang le lejoana le chitja le nang le lebelo le leka-lekaneng, 'me nts'etsopele ea makhopho a eona e nka likhoeli tse 8. Ka mabaka a fapaneng, boholo ba caviar ea shoa: e kanna ea patoa ka lehlabathe le silt, kapa ba e jang. Bakeng sa ho thusa ho boloka palo ea baahi, ho ile ha hahoa li-hatcher Letšeng la Baikal, moo litlhapi tsa boleng bo holimo li lengoa tlas'a maemo a maiketsetso.

Bakeng sa limela tsa ho ikatisa, karolo ea 80 lekholong ea mahe a mahe a phela, empa ha e lahleloa Letšeng la Baikal, e ba likotsi tse ngata. Ho setse meroho e le 'ngoe feela ho tse lekholo e khutlelang sebakeng sa spawning. Ho ea ka litekanyetso tsa ichthyology, ena ke liperesente tse tloaelehileng! Admiral Nelson o kile a re "" li-cod tse tharo li tla lekana ho fepa London haeba moloko oa bona o bolokiloe ... "

Hoa tsebahala hore omuli tsohle ke tsa lihlopha tse tharo tsa tlholeho le morphological: bentosabissal, pelagic le lebopong. Lisebelisoa tsa omul li khethoa ke matla a ho ts'oasa lihlapi. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore litlhapi tse kholo li ntse li fokotseha hanyane ka hanyane, ha ho ntse ho e-na le keketseho ea ho tšoasa ha litlhapi tse nang le tumello. Hoa hlokomeleha hore kajeno meahong e mabopong a Letša la Baikal, baahi ba moo ba ka u fa letsoai le omisitsoeng le ntse le tsuba, le ntse le chesa, le phehiloe ka pel'a mahlo a hau.

Ntho e shebahalang e le ntle le ho feta ke Baikal whitefish, tlhapi e nang le lero le mafura e boima ba liponto tse 12 kapa ho feta. Li-brown le tse tšoeu tsa Baikal li fana ka litlhapi tse ntle tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Kamora hore leqhoa le qete nakong ea selemo, lehloa le letšo la Baikal, e leng tlhapi e ntle ka mokhoa o makatsang e nang le mebala e metle ea dorsal le e mebala e khanyang, e nyoloha ka linōkeng tse phallela Letšeng la Baikal. O hlola li-rapid le zaiomas (lipilara tsa lehong tse khokhothetsoeng nokeng) ho fihlela limithara tse bolelele ho fihlela li hlaha. Matsatsi a leshome le metso e supileng hamorao, caviar e fana ka bophelo ba likokoanyana tse khutlelang Letšeng la Baikal. Nko e putsoa e lula metsing a khutsitseng a letša le linōkeng tse phallang ka matla.

Mehatla le lilense li lula Letšeng la Baikal, empa sebaka se tsitsitseng sa Letša la Baikal se lula sebakeng se ikhethang sa ichthyofauna ea letša leo haholo-holo le lulang libakeng tsa merafo ea Letša la Baikal: sebakeng se haufi le Noka ea Selenga, Proval Bay, Chivyrkuisky le Barguzinsky Bay. Li-Sturgeons li tsamaea hohle ho potoloha le letša, haholo-holo lebopong la leoatle, moo li sesehang lihloeng le litsing. Ka nako e 'ngoe, li-sturgeon li ne li imetse boima ba liponto tse 250. Empa, ba hola butle mme ba hola hanyane ka hanyane. Ba batona ba kena likolo tse qalang nakong ea lilemo tse 15 ho isa ho tse 28, tsehali - ha li le lilemo li 21-37.

Ho Baikal ho na le liphula, meroalo, li-id, likhukhuni, maphele, li-eels le mefuta e meng ea litlhapi, tse atileng hohle Siberia. Ba lula matlong a letša, likamore tse sa tebang le mehele e meng.

Ka bo-1940, carp ea Amur e ile ea kopanngoa le letša, hona joale sebopeho sa bochabela se lula mona, mme leruarua la Amur le ile la kenella letšeng ka ts'ebetso ea noka ea Khilok-Seleng.

Tiiso ea Baikal, kapa tiiso, joalo ka ha e bitsoa hangata, esale e khahla haholo. Phoofolo ee e phela joang Letšeng la Baikal, kaha beng ka eona ba haufi ba lula libakeng tse ka leboea ho Arctic le ka boroa ho Leoatle la Caspian? Ho latela khopolo e 'ngoe, tiiso e ile ea fihla Baikal ho tloha Leoatleng la Arctic ka Noka ea Lena mehleng ea pele, ha e ne e le karolo ea sistimi e le' ngoe le Baikal. Taba ena e netefatsoa ke taba ea hore tlhahlobo ea chromosomal le datha tse ling li tiisa hore tiiso ea boea ba Arctic ke eona eo e atamelaneng haholo. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le liphapang tse ngata lipakeng tsa litiiso le litiiso tse amanang. Liatial tsa Baikal li boreleli haholoanyane, haholoholo tse tšehali.Li boetse li fapane le tse ling ka 'mala oa letlalo la moriri o moputsoa le hore li na le lilithara tse peli tsa mali ho feta.

Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa basebetsi ba Setsi sa Limnological, tiiso e khona ho qoela botebong ba limithara tse ka bang 300. Nakong ea ho qoelisoa, lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa metabolic li emisa, 'me ka lebaka la myoglobin e tsoela pele ho phefumoloha ka hare, ha marako a methapo ea mali a tlosa cholesterol. Baahi ba eona, ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ke bafuputsi E. Petrov le M. Ivanov, ke bonyane liphoofolo tse 100,000. Leha ho le joalo, makholo a mabeli a lilemo a fetileng, Peter Simon Pallas o ngotse ka masoabi hore "tšenyo e ke keng ea lokisoa e bakiloe ke marumo le lisabole tsa Letša la Baikal, 'me liqibi ha li sa bonahala sebakeng se Boroa sa Baikal ..."

Mariha, ha letša le koaetsoe ke leqhoa le leholo, tiiso e etsa liphokojoe tse matla litseleng tsa moea (masoba ka leqeng). Haufi, ka lehaheng lehloa, khomo e tsoala e le 'ngoe kapa, ka seoelo, e na le malinyane a mabeli a tiiso. Qalong li 'mala o mosehla o bosehla. Kamora libeke tse peli, li soeufala, 'me hamorao li ba le morolo o motle oa bohlooho.

Nerpa o ja litlhapi, tse sa nkeng karolo ea bohlokoa ho tšoasa litlhapi, empa ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tikoloho ea Baikal (li-gobies li etsa karolo ea 20 lekholong, le golomyanka - karolo ea 80 ea lijo tsa bona). Letsatsi le leng le le leng o ja bonyane likhilone tse tharo tsa lihlapi (tonki ka selemo!). Ha ho mantsoe a ka hlalosang maikutlo a ileng a sala kamora ho kopana le senepe se phelang kae kae sebakeng se khutsitseng kapa haufi le lihlekehleke tsa Ushkany. Ho ba le mahlo a maholo a hlakileng a bonoang a bulehileng, ho tla khahla motho e mong le e mong. Ka lihora tse 'maloa, liphoofolo li khona ho tsamaea ka letsatsi ha li ntse li bapala le baena.

Bosiu bosiu

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea bat. Ea hlokomeleha ka boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane le 'mala o bofubelu bo bosootho bo sootho. Karolo ea makhooa a bosiu ke sebopeho sa litsebe. E ka fumanoa mona haufi le sebaka sa lithaba, haholo bosiu. Bosiu bo hoeshetsoeng ke mohlape oa liphoofolo. Sehlopheng se le seng, ho na le batho ba bararo ho isa ho ba 20. Sebata sena ke sebatana. O tsoma bosiu, haufi le moqhaka oa lehong.

Leseli la bosiu le ferekaneng le fofa ka potlako, hobane ka lebaka lena, ho batla ho le thata ho latela nako ea lona. O tšaba serame, kahoo o ea boroa mariha. Palo ea likhalase tsa bosiu tse nang le moustara e fokotseha selemo le selemo. Bo-rasaense ha ba na karabo e tobileng ea hore na sena se amana kae. Ho na le monahano oa hore ho theola ha lifate Letšeng la Baikal ho ama baahi ba eona hampe.

Bosiu Baen Baikal

Tiiso ea Baikal

Moemeli enoa oa liphoofolo tsa Baikal ke seoa se tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa letšeng lena. Litio ke letšoao le ka sehloohong la libaka tsena. Sena se bakoa ke ho e tsoma e le hore ho nkoe boea ba nama, nama le mafura a bohlokoa. Kajeno, ho tsoma ha ho tiisoe ha ho fuoe kotlo ke molao, leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha sekhahla ha baahi, ba boholong ba behile lithibelo ho tsoma ha eona.

Hoa thahasellisa, empa ho fihlela kajeno ha e tsejoe hantle hore na tiiso e ile ea lula joang Letšeng la Baikal. Ho latela mofuta o tsebahalang haholo, sebata se mona se tsoa Leoatleng la Arctic nakong ea Ice.

Ebile, tiiso ke tiiso e kholo eo, e sesa metsing, nako le nako e sesa ho sesa moea ho hema. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore tiiso ke eona feela phoofolo e anyesang ea Baikal.

Ho fumana litlhapi, li qoela ka tlasa metsi, limithara tse fetang 150. Ba ka ba teng ho tloha metsotso e 20 ho isa ho e 30. Nerpa ke sebopuoa se ikhethileng, kaha se ka felisa bokhachane ka bo eona, ka ketsahalo eo e utloisisang hore ha ho na maemo a nepahetseng a ho holisa bana.

Leha ho le joalo, tlhahong sena se etsahala hangata haholo. Ka linako tse ling nts'etsopele ea "lehe le emong ka popelong ea tiiso ea basali e emisoa. Boemong bona, a ka lula ho fihlela moimana o latelang. Kahoo, tiiso ea basali e ka tsoala batho ba 2 hang.

Falaker Falcon

Joalo fauna ea Baikal fapaneng, ho na le linonyana tse ikhethang tsa li-Falconiformes tsa odara. E 'ngoe ea tsona ke saker. Ka boholo, sebopuoa sena se tšoana le khang ho fapana le falcon. Kamora ea saker e sootho, 'me ka pele ho eona e bobebe ka mekoloko e metšo le e putsoa. 'Mala oa bacha o na le mebala e meng ho feta.

Saker Falcon ke nonyana e jang nama e jang papali e nyane, haholo kholo.O haha ​​lihlaha feela lifateng tse telele, e le hore ha a ntse a tsamaea, a ka ba le pono e ntle ea setereke, ha a batla tse ka jeoang. Hangata, saker e lula holim'a mokoti o haufi le metsi.

Ka lebaka la ho rengoa ha moru ho potlakileng ha meru ea sebakeng sena lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng, mohloli oa likhaba tsa Saker Falcon o fokotsehile haholo. Ka hona, hona joale nonyana ena e jang nama e mothating oa ho timela.

Baikal mola

Phoofolo ena ke ea sehlopha sa litlhapi tsa salmon. Ho ts'oaroa ha hae ho bohlokoa haholo indastering ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ea Russia. Sebopuoa sena se fumaneha feela metsing a sebaka. Ho tloha omuli ba lokisa tsebe, casserole, lipie. Baa e pheha, ba e fula, baa e tsuba, joalo-joalo. Sejana se seng le se seng se entsoeng ka tlhapi ena se monate haholo, kahoo hangata bahahlauli ba ba kopa ho pheha Baikal omul.

Nakong ea ho tloha bohareng ho isa bofelong ba hoetla, o qala ho hlaha. Lirosa tse nyane tsa 1 cm li hlaha metsing ka April. Boholo ba motho ea tloaelehileng bo bolelele ba 50 cm, mme boima ke 900 g. Ke ka seoelo ho tšoereng kholo e kholo, eo boima ba eona bo neng bo ka fihla ho 4-6 kg.

Moose elk

E 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse kholohali tsa Baikal. Boima ba motho e motona ke li-kilo tse 500, bolelele ba 'mele ke limithara tse 2. Li lula hantle lebopong, hangata morung.

Ha likhama tsa moru li ba liholoanyane, linaka tsa eona li hola le ho feta. Ha ba le lilemo li 15, ba khaotsa ho hola. Ka tsela, karolelano ea nako ea bophelo ea sebata sena se setle ke lilemo tse 30. Linaka tsa phoofolo li oa le ho hola selemo se seng le se seng.

Shaggy elk ke phoofolo ea herbivore. Nakong ea mariha, o ja makhapetla a lehong. Joalo Phoofolo ea Baikal setšoantšong o shebahala o le motle. Empa hangata bahahlauli ba khona ho natefeloa ke pono ea bona ea ho phela, joalo ka ha likhama tsa morung li sesa batho.

Bosiu ba peacock

Mofuta ona oa taelo Lepidoptera ke e mong oa baemeli ba Baikal ba kotsing ea ho fela. E lula sebakeng sa moru feela, makaleng le metsaneng ea mapolanka. Ha serame se fihla, leihlo la peacock bosiu le tšabela ho oak, moluoane, raspberries le lifate tse ling le lihlahla.

Ka ponahalo, kokoanyana ena e tšoana le tšoele kapa serurubele. Mmele wa yona o fihla bolelele ba 4-5 cm, le mapheo - cm 6-7. Batho ba mmala o moputsoa, ​​o sootho le bohlooho ba fumaneha libakeng tsa lehae. Lesakana le lenyane le letšo le bonahala hantle ho le leng la mapheo a mane.

Brood lamprey

eona liphoofolo tse lulang Baikale haufi le ho timela. Potoloho ea bophelo ba eona e etsahala feela ka metsing a hloekileng, a matlafalitsoeng ke oksijene e ngata. Nako e akaretsang ea bophelo ba brook lamprey ke lilemo tse 6. Kajeno, ho na le batho ba ka tlase ho 1000 metsing a moo.

'Mele oa mabone ke noha. E na le mapheo a matla a lekaneng, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea eona e arotsoe ke lekhalo. Mahlo a phoofolo ena a koahetsoe, ka hona, esita le ka metsing, ha e bone hantle.

Baikal river lamprey

Leopard ea lehloa

Lebitso la bobeli la sebata sena se setle ke lengau lehloa. Ntle ho pelaelo, ena ke moemeli ea makatsang ka ho fetisisa oa liphiri tsa lehae. Ha se motho e mong le e mong ea lulang Letšeng la Baikal ea neng a ka ithorisa ka hore o bone lengau la lehloa bonyane hanngoe.

Ee, ena ke phoofolo e sa tloaelehang haholo. Tšimong ea lehae ha ho na batho ba fetang 50. Irbis ke sebatana, leha ho le joalo, e batla e sa hlasele motho, hobane e tšaba. Ha e le mabapi le ho tsoma, ho thata haholo ho tšoasa sebata sena se matla.

Boima ba lengau la lehloa la banna bo tsoa ho 50 ho isa ho 65 kg. Tse tšehali li nyane ho feta tse tona, ka hona, li na le boima bo tlase, ho fihlela ho 45 kg. Kaha phoofolo ena ke ea lelapa la likatse, ho tsoma ho hlile ho tsoa ho la lalere.

Lengau la lehloa le hlasela ka tšohanyetso, kaha esale le ipatile. Ha a khetha motho ea hlasetsoeng, menyetla eo a neng a ka e pata e ne e fokola. Sebata se tsoma li -ululates, mebutlanyana, lituru, lipheleu le lipoli. Ho ja, lengau la lehloa le hloka ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 4 kg ya nama e ncha ka letsatsi.

Sandpiper

Ena ke nonyana e nyane hape e ntle haholo e lulang Letšeng la Baikal. Ke ea sehlopha sa mabokose a lehlabathe. Ntho e ikhethang ka sandpiper ke molomo oa eona o otileng o otlolohileng, o mokguts'oane ho feta oa linonyana tse ling. O khetholloa hape ho ba bang ka menoana e melelele e metenya.

Ka lebaka la sebopeho se khethehileng sa maoto, nonyana e tsamaea kapele haholo. Ka hona, hangata, bahahlauli ba khona ho bona lits'oants'o tse nyane tse lebopong la Letša la Baikal, leo ba le ferekanyang le liphoofolo.

Bokaholimo ba tsona bo pentiloe tšoeu, ka pele - bo sootho.Nakong ea mariha, e ba lefifi haholo. Linokoane tsa lehlabathe li etsa lihlaha litlhorong tsa sefate, hangata lihlahleng. Ho etsa sena, ba sebelisa joang bo makhasi a makhasi kapa makhasi a willow.

Ka pono, sehlaha sa nonyana ena e nyane se hlalosoa se fokola. Ke sefofane se nang le sekhahla se senyenyane. Li-sandpipers li behela mahe qalong ea lehlabula, hamorao bohareng. Tsena li koaheloa ke masiba nakong ea likhoeli tse 1.5 kamora hore li qhotsoe lehe.

Hare hare

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse atileng haholo lefatšeng. Ka lebaka la tlhahiso e potlakileng, baahi ba sebaka sa lehae ba ntse ba eketseha selemo le selemo. Leha e le ponahalo e ntle, batho bohle ba jang Lake Lake Baikal baa e ja.

Mofuta ona oa hare o moholo haholo. Boima ba e tona e tloaelehileng ke li-3-4 kg, mme tse tšehali li 2-2,5. Ho hola, ba fihla ho 60 cm ka bolelele. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e ikhethang ea makhooa a Baikal ke ts'ebetso ea bona e fetelletseng. Hoo e ka bang nako eohle ea ho tsoha ba ntse ba tsamaea.

'Mele ke oa sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse limela tse tlisoang ke limela. Nakong e futhumetseng, ba ja metso, monokotšoai le makhasi le serame - makhapetla a lehong. Motho e mong le e mong o tseba phoofolo ena e le mofuta o potlakileng oa ho tsoala. Selemo se seng le se seng, 'mutla oa motho e moholo o fana ho tsoa ho bana ba 2 ho isa ho ba 5, ke hore, mebutlanyana e ka bang 30.

Sturgeon ea Siberia

Baahi ba litlhapi tsena Baikal li ntse li fokotseha selemo le selemo. Sena se bakoa ke ho tšoaroa khafetsa ha sturgeon. Litlhapi tsena li pharalletse likarolong tsena, li fumanoa metsing a sa tebang le botebong ba letša. Sturgeon ea Siberia ke tlhapi e nkiloeng nako e telele. Nako ea hae ea bophelo bo tloaelehileng ke lilemo tse 50. Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba motho ke limithara tse 1,5, boima - 120 lik'hilograma.

Mallard Duck

Sebopuoa sena se phelang, joalo ka tiiso, ke "karete ea ho letsetsa" ea Letša la Baikal. Mallard duck mallard makhetlo a 1.5 ho feta tloaelehileng. Hangata a ka fumanoa letšeng. Hlooho e 'mala o motala o khanyang, molomo oa' mala o mosehla, sternum e sootho, 'me morao ke oa lamunu. Ho ba bangata, nonyana e joalo e kanna ea utloahala eka ke motley, empa ha moea o theoha, o theoha, o ba lefifi.

Matata a Mallard a lema lihlaha tsa tsona haufi le metsi. Lifofane tsa thaba ea Baikal ha li na tsona. Haufi le mariha, ba fallela ka nqa ea Boroa, moo metsi a sa kenang. Ho makatsang ke hore nonyana e joalo ka seqhenqha sa mallard e mosa haholo ho hatch bana. 'M'e o tšehali o qeta libeke tse 3 ho isa ho tse' ne le malinyane a hae, a e-s'o be le nako ea ho hatch, 'me a a hloa khafetsa. Nako e le 'ngoe, o nka mahe a ka bang 10.

Mallard Ducks Monna le Monna

Musika oa mokokotlo

Ha a kopane le sebata joalo ka lekhetlo la pele, a e-so utloe letho ka eena pele, motho a ka tšoha ka tieo. Ha e le hantle, qalong ha a sheba, ke mohloekisi ea se nang linaka, empa u lokela ho ela hloko molomo oa hae, kaha hang-hang o fetoha lehlaka. Ho ba teng ha li-fang tse kholo phoofolo ena ho tsamaisana le tlhoko ea eona ea ho ja lichen. O e hloibila habonolo sefateng, ka lebaka la menoana ea hae.

Baahi ba lehae ba na le nalane ea hore musk deer e hlahile ka lebaka la lerato la mosamane le lynx. Ho joalo, ha ho na bopaki ba saense ba sena. Ho fihla joale, sebata se se se le mothating oa ho felisoa.

Lebaka ke tlhokomelo e kholo ea litsomi ho musk ea tsona, e leng ntho e sebelisitseng ho pheha, litlhare esita le litlolo. Bolelele ba 'mele oa motho ka kakaretso ke 90 cm, boima - 15 kg. Litlama tse tšehali tsa musk li telele ebile li leholo ho feta tse tšehali.

Muzzle

Noha e kholo joalo e ke ke ea bitsoa. Bolelele ba 'mele oa hae ke lisenthimithara tse 70. Karolo ea mofuta ona ke molala o bopehileng hantle mme o bitsitsoe, hammoho le hlooho e kholo le e chitja, ka hona lebitso - shchitomordnik.

Ho na le mefuta ea 4 ea noha e joalo ho Baikal:

'Mele oohle oa' mele, ho sa tsotelehe mofuta oa 'ona, o koahetsoe ke matheba a sootho. Ho batho ba baholo, ho na le ba ka bang 40 ba bona.

Wolverine

Phoofolo ena e jang nama ke ea sehlopha sa marten. Ha u habanya mahlo feela, ho ka bonahala eka Wolverine ke sebata se tšabang le se hlokolosi ho feta tekano. Ena ke maikutlo a fosahetseng. Ebile, ke e mong oa linokoane tse mpe ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ka ponahalo, sebata sena se tšoana le bere e soeufalitsoeng e sootho. Bolelele ba 'mele oa motho ea moholo ke 90-100 cm.

Karolo ea Wolverine ke hore o rata ho hahlaula. Ho Baikal, hangata motho a ka fumana ho tsamaea ka khotso, ho le monate, ha motho a lora feela, liphoofolo.Leha ho le joalo, ke nakong ea mohato eo phoofolo e batlang phofu ea eona.

E fepa haholo ke litoeba. Haeba ho ne ho sa khonehe ho fumana kalafo eo u e ratang ka ho fetisisa, Wolverine a ke ke a lahla mahe a linonyana, ao a tla a fumana sehlaheng, esita le setopo. Ka seoelo, sebatana sena se hlasela litlama tse kholo tse kang, ka mohlala, likhama. Empa ba hlasela sebata se lemetseng kapa se shoa habonolo.

Mongobo o mongata

Palo ea sebata sena e fokotseha selemo le selemo. Boholo ba li-toad tsa Mongolia bo boholo - bolelele ba 6 - - basali le 8 cm - ba batona. Karolo ea eona e ka sehloohong ke 'mala o motala-o mosoeu. Leqhetsoana la sefahleho le tsofala. Ka ho tseba sena, motho a ka khetholla motho e moholo habonolo ho e moholo.

Mofuta ona o lula melomong ea lekhetho la lehae, haholo libakeng tse mongobo. Bahahlauli ba khona ho kopana le meno a tlhaho a Letšeng la Baikal kajeno, ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang.

Muskrat

Phoofolo ena e qabolang ke ea sehlopha sa litoeba tse metsing a se nang metsing. Muskrat o monyane ho feta natiria kapa beaver. Boima ba hae bo itekanetseng ke 1.5 kg. Leha taba eo e le phoofolo e bile ka nako e telele metsing, ha e kheme. Sena se bakoa ke boea bo khethehileng bo sa kolobeng.

Mpa ea muskrat e bobebe ho feta mokokotlo oa eona. Leoto le leng le le leng la phoofolo le na le litšoelesa tse 'maloa tse nyane. Sena se mo lumella ho sesa hantle le ho tsamaea ka potlako metsing. Ka tsela, mohatla o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mohloling oa metsi bakeng sa muskrat, oo, joalo ka litoeba tse ling, o li sebelisa joalo ka "lebili le tsamaisang".

Ho Baikal, liphoofolo tsena li phela ho tloha ho lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8. O khetha sebaka sa bolulo ka hloko. Boemo ba bohlokoa ho eena ke bongata ba limela le ho ba teng ha metsi a hloekileng. Muskrat o ja litlhapi tse nyane le limela.

Ena ke phoofolo e ikhethang, eo ka tlholeho e nkang karolo ea moetsi oa 'nete oa meralo. Muskrat e haha ​​matlo a mekato e 'meli haeba boemo ba metsi bo ka nyoloha. Hangata ba aha matlo a mang, ba a sebelisa e le bolokoe ba ho boloka lijo tsa mariha. Ho kenya "ntloana" e joalo, phoofolo e tla tlameha ho qoela ka tlasa metsi.

Baikal muskrat

Bere e sootho

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse fumanehang hape Letšeng la Baikal. Mona ke babusi ba 'nete ba tlhaho. Liphoofolo tse ling li tšaba ho jeoa ke bere, kahoo li khetha ho se kopane le eona. Mme, leha ho le joalo, sena se etsahala, ha ho na letho le lokelang ho etsoa empa ho phonyoha.

Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se bohlale kamehla, hobane, joalo ka ha u tseba, bere e sootho e hlasela ha feela e lapile. Kotsi e kholo ho lipapali tse nyane ke bere e tšehali e hlokomelang peo. Haeba a ithuta ho sisinyeha radius haufi, o tla hlasela.

Bolelele ba 'mele ba sebata sena ke limithara tse 1,5' me boima ba sona ke 250 kg. Tse tona li kholo haholo ho feta tse tšehali. Lijo tse ratoang haholo tsa phoofolo ena ke litlhapi. Hape o ja monokotsoai le metso. Empa lerato la litlhapi le etsa hore ho qeta nako e telele ho be le bere e sootho. Li hibernate marakeng.

Fokotsa

Phoofolo ena e nyane ke ea sehlopha sa hamsters. E ne e bitsoa "dropsy" ka lebaka la takatso ea ho lula haufi le metsi: linoka, matša, melapo, jj. Ho na le tse ngata Letšeng la Baikal. Dropsy ke e 'ngoe ea litoeba tse atileng haholo Russia, tse ka fumanehang hoo e ka bang sebakeng leha e le sefe. Bolelele ba 'mele oa motho bo fihla ho cm 30. Karolo ea phoofolo ena ke litsebe tsa eona tse nyane. Ka lebaka la boea bo boholo bo loileng, ho batla ho le thata ho e etsa.

Leha e na le ponahalo ea eona e ntle le e qabolang, li-fallsy li nkoa e le ts'oaetso, hobane, nakong ea moroallo, e rata ho lula masimong, e hahola likoti tse tebileng moo.

Lijo tseo a li ratang haholo ke liboko. Ntle le bona, li-dropsy li ja bark ea lehong le letlobo la limela tse ling. O buella lebitso la "disenyi" ka ho ja lijalo tsa jareteng. Motho a le mong joalo ka nako e le 'ngoe ea temo a ka baka tšenyo ea lijalo tse fetang tse 50 tsa lijalo.

Boar

Ntho ea pele e khethollang boar ea Baikal ho kolobe e tloaelehileng ke litlhaka tse telele tsa eona tse telele li koahelang 'mele oa eona kaofela. Ha u bua ka 'mele oa phoofolo, re lokela ho hlokomela hore e na le sebopeho se sephara le sephara.

Phapang ea bobeli lipakeng tsa boar le kolobe ke ho ba teng ha mashala a mabeli a bohale a tsoang ka hanong. Li khetha ho lula merung e teteaneng. Empa likolobe tse hlaha hangata li ea libakeng tse phahameng.

Lijo tsa boar tsa Baikal li kenyelletsa: li-acorn, linate, bulbs ea lipalesa tse ling, liboko, li-rhizomes le likokoanyana. Ka linako tse ling ha ba na taba ea ho ja mahe a linonyana kapa liphoofolo tse nyane.

Likolobe tse hlaha ha li hlasele batho hangata. Ho kenya ts'ebetso mochini oa ts'ireletso, o hloka ho feta sebakeng sa eona. Mefuta eohle e nkuoeng ke rona kajeno, hammoho, e etsa lefatše le ikhethang la tlhaho leo ka sebele le lokelang ho sireletsoa.

Mammals

Elk

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Wolverine

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Red Wolf

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Bear

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Lynx

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Irbis

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Mutlanyana

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Fox

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Barguzinsky sable

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Mutlanyana

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Vole

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Altai pika

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Groundhog e 'mala o moputsoa

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Boar

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Rosa lere

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Reindeer

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Linonyana

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Sandpiper

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Mallard

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Mollo

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Selivera ea tšepe

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Grouse

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Mofuta oa ntsu

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Falaker Falcon

Asia snipe godwit

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Great Grebe (Chomga)

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Cormorant

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Curlew

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Lun e ka Bochabela

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Thaba e letsoalo

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Daur crane

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Lebokose le lelelele la lehlabathe

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Baahi ba metsi

Tiiso ea Baikal

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Whitefish

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Lenok

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Taimen

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Davatchan

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Golomyanka

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Omul

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Baikal sturgeon

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Baikal e sootho

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E khubelu-sefahleho

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Goby e nang le mapheo a maputsoa

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Charts ea Arctic

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Pike

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Biri

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Mohopolo

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Sebaka sa Siberia

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Letša minnow

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Roach ea Siberia

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Gudgeon ea Siberia

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Khauta ea Khauta

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Carp ea Amur

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Tench

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Ho bokella ha Siberia

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Amur catfish

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Burbot

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Rotan e nyane

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Pheto

Tloaelehile

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Noha e hlophisitsoeng

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Tloaelehileng

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Liphiri tse tsoang mpeng

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Tloholo e tloaelehileng

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Qeto

Meru ea Letša la Baikal ha e na liphoofolo tsa metsing feela, litlhapi le li-invertebrates, empa e boetse e na le liphoofolo tse tikolohong ea lebopong. Letša lena le pota-potiloe ke meru ea Sibiga ea Sibiga le lithaba tse ngata, ho bolelang hore ho na le liphoofolo tse tloaelehileng sebakeng seo: bere, fox, wolverine, musk deer le tse ling. Mohlomong moemeli oa liphoofolo tse makatsang le tse makatsang tsa tikoloho ea lebopong la Letša la Baikal ke mouoane.

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Ho khutlela lefats'eng le ka tlas'a metsi, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko seoa sa khale - Baikal seal. Ke mofuta oa tiiso 'me e se e lutse metsing a Letša la Baikal lilemo tse likete tse' maloa. Ha ho kae kapa kae lefatšeng moo ho nang le tiiso e joalo. Phoofolo ena ke ntho eo ho tšoasoang litlhapi tsa amateur ho eona ebile e sebelisetsoa lijo nakong eohle ea boteng ba motho mabopong a Letša la Baikal. Tiiso ea Baikal ha se mofuta o kotsing, empa ho tsoma ho lekanyelitsoe bakeng sa thibelo.

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Mabopong a Letša la Baikal, phoofolo e sa tloaelehang ho feta ea lelapa la katse e phela - lengau la lehloa kapa lengau lehloa. Palo ea batho e fokola haholo 'me e lekana le bongata. Ka ntle, phoofolo ena e shebahala joalo ka lynx, empa e kholo haholo ebile e na le e ntle, e tšoeu e nang le boea ba matšoao a sootho.

Litiiso tsa Baikal

Baahi bohle ba tlholeho ena e hlollang ba amana ka khutso le ho ba teng ha motho eo ba mo tloaetseng ka lebaka la ecotourism e tsoetseng pele. Empa tse tummeng haholo Liphoofolo tsa Baikal bakeng sa setšoantšo - le lilense tsa video tsa bahahlauli, sena, ehlile, litiiso.

Ha e le hantle, litiiso tsa Baikal ke litiiso. Matangoana ana a khahlehang a mothating oa ho felisoa ka lebaka la lilemo tse ngata tsa tšebetso ea likhoebo tse lahlela litšila ka letšeng, 'me ka nako ena, tiiso ea Baikal e sirelelitsoe haholo, phoofolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le sehlahisoa sa eona le "bashebelli".

Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba phehisana khang ka hore na liphoofolo tsena tse nyane tse ntle li ile tsa qetella joang metsing a ka thōko a letša. Khopolo ea ho fallisoa nakong ea phallo ho tloha lehlakoreng la Leoatle la Arctic e bonahala e tšepahala ka ho fetisisa.

Litiiso li qeta nako eohle ea tsona li le ka metsing, li phaphamala ho fihlela moea moeeng. Ka matsatsi a matle, a futhumetseng, haholo-holo qalong ea hoetla, ba fetola tloaelo ea bona ebe ba ea lebopong kapa mafikeng ho oela fatše ebe ba thoba letsatsi.

Li ipatela lebopong, libakeng tse nang le mongobo, tlas'a lehloa, li sebelisa le mariha ho ikatisa. Basali ba litiiso tsa Baikal ba holile pejana ho ba batona, ba kena lilemong tsa bo 4 ho isa ho 4,5, athe "bashanyana" ba ba rata feela ha ba le lilemo li 5-6.

Ho ima ha basali ho nka likhoeli tse 11, 'me masea hangata a hlaha ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho fihlela bohareng ba Mphalane. Ho feta moo, tse tšehali li khona ho tsoala motho a le lilemo li 40-45, ho sa tsotelehe hore linepe li phela tlas'a maemo a matle ka lilemo tse ka bang 50. Ho tsoaloa bana ba banyenyane, hangata ke konyana e le 'ngoe, hangata e ba peli. Liqibi tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li na le boima ba li-kilo tse 3,4,5 'me li koahetsoe ka boea bo bosoeu ke lehloa.

Boima ba phoofolo e moholo e fapana ho tloha ho tse 50 ho isa ho tse 150 tsa kilo, tiiso e e nka bophelo bohle ba hae, a ja litlhapi, haholo-holo mefuta ea golomyanko-goby, a ja 4-5 kg ​​ea litlhapi ka letsatsi.

Ka selemo, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likhokho tsena e ka ja litlhapi tse ka bang tonki, ha senepe se lula se sesa haholo, se ntse se etsa lebelo la 20-25 km / h ha ho hlokahala.

Li-Sahats li lula hohle ho Eurasia, empa tsena liphoofolo tse Baikal – ka seoelo, kaha li fapana le likhama tsohle tse ling, haholo ka boholo. Ka karolelano, boima ba sokhaty ba lulang lebopong la letša ke 400, empa banna ba bangata ba ne ba feta 500 lik'hilograma.

Bophahamo ba mekhabiso ena ha e pona moeling oa bona o tlase ke limithara tse 2,5, 'me bolelele ba' mele ke limithara tse tharo. Li-moose tse lilemo li 15 li na le linaka tse matla le tse ntle ka ho fetisisa, 'me li phela tlas'a maemo a matle ka lilemo tse 25-30.

Linaka li oela ka Pherekhong, kholo ea "bocha" e qala qalong ea Hlakubele. Gon e oela ka Loetse-Mphalane, 'me ka Mots'eanong-June ho tsoaloa manamane a manyane a likhama. Ba omisitsoeng ba lula ka lihlopha tse nyane tsa batho ba 4-8, ba ja litlama le letlobo, 'me mariha ba ja makhapetla.

Bear

Le ha libere tse sootho, joalo ka litsuana, li lula hohle ho pholletsa le Eurasia, sebakeng sa polokelo ea letša ke marena a 'nete a tlhaho. Bolelele ba 'mele oa batho bana ba matsoho a matle bo haufi le metsi a Letša la Baikal ke limithara tse 2,5 ho isa ho tse tšeletseng,' me bophahamo ba ho pona ke limithara tse le 'ngoe le halofo. Sebata se bohlokoa, sea lula, ha se suthelehe. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ho hlokahala, e tla feta habonolo ho fihlela ho tse 300 km ho ea batla lijo, ebe e khutla.

Libere tsa Baikal ha li monate, joalo ka motho e mong le e mong, empa li khetha lijo tse ling. Esita le mahe a linotsi a tlaasana le tlhapi e nyane e ncha, libere molemong oa tsona li khona ho lula li le ka ntle ho metsi halofo ea letsatsi. Hibernation lebopong la leoatle e nka likhoeli tse tšeletseng, matloana a libere tsa teddy a hahiloe hantle ho feta beng ka bona ba Europe.

Ha ba na nako e behiloeng bakeng sa ho tlolelana, ka nako ho tloha ho ngoana a le mong ho isa ho ba bane, ba sebelisang hibernation ea bona ea pele hammoho le dipper. Libere li lula setulong lilemo tse 20-25.

Lynx ke karete e e etelang ea pokello.Katse e matla e mosa, molemong oa ho kopana le eo u tla tlameha ho leka ka matla. Lynx ka boeona e nka bahahlauli ba khutsitse hakae, ntle le ho nahana ho ipata kapa ho baleha. Ba lula feela libakeng tse thata ka ho fetisisa setorong.

Katse ke katse, leha katse ena e le lynx ea Baikal. Sebata sena sea hlora. Lynxes e tsoala hole le nako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, li-kittens hangata ke 3-5, mme ntate ha a tsotelle lelapa.

Lynx e tsoma ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, lijo tsa eona ke marang-rang, likhama le liphokojoe. Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe eo a e bonang le eo a ka e tšoasang. Ha a fetise sehlaha ka mahe, empa hangata ha a e je, empa o e phahamisa ka lehare la hae.

Lynx e hlasela ho tloha moo e llang, e potlakisa hang-hang ebile e phahame haholo. Empa joale, ho na le menyetla e mengata ea ho pholoha tlatlapo, kaha katse e se e felisitsoe ka limithara tse 70 ea ho lelekisa.

Leha ho le joalo, haeba lynx e atlehile, mme hang-hang ea itihela hodima phofu ea eona, esita le moose ha a na monyetla oa ho phela. Lynx ha e hlomphe ntho e ngoe le e ngoe Liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Baikalempa, ka ho makatsang ho lekana, e lula e sa nke lehlakore ka ho phethahala kamanong le Wolverines.

Irbis

Sebata se tsebahalang, se batlang se le setle - lengau la lehloa, lengau la lehloa la Letša la Baikal. Sebata sena ha se har'a bona liphoofolo tsa Buka e Khubelu ea Baikal, o na le maemo a ikhethileng - ha a khonehe ho thulana le maemo afe kapa afe, ho kenyeletsoa bophelo bo kotsing.

Haeba lengau le hlasela, mohahlauli a ka sebelisa marang-rang feela ka lipilisi tsa ho robala, ho latela molao oa federal mabapi le ts'ireletso ea mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea limela.

Ka kakaretso, ho pholletsa le nalane ea polokelo. Ho tloha ka 1969, ha ho na linyeoe tsa litlhaselo tsa lengau ho batho li tlalehiloeng. Linonyana tsena li lula sebakeng se sireletsehileng, li jang liphofu tsa liphoofolo, 'me ka kakaretso li tšoana le likatse tse kholo haholo. Sebata se seng le se seng se joalo se pharalletse. Kajeno, mangau a 49 a lula setulong.

Boima ba banna bana ba matsoho a matle ho tloha ho 55 ho isa ho 65 kg, bolelele ba 'mele o matla o tlatsitsoeng ke mesifa ea tšepe ho tloha ho 1,05 ho isa ho 1.1 metres. Leopards e rata ho nyalana ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa bofelong ba Hlakubele, 'me kamora matsatsi a 100, ho tsoaloa malinyane a mabeli ho isa ho a mane a lehloa.

Ha a tsoma, mangau a lehloa a lula a qala ka batho ba sa tsubeng, leha ho le joalo, kaha lengau le lula le le teng nako e telele, ha le tsamaee le lale, hangata hare e tlolela haufi. Maemong ana, hare e hlokang kelello e tšoara leqhubu le potlakileng hoo motho a sa le hlokomeleng.

Ho tsoma ho qetella mona, lengau le ja setopo sa hare ka khutso, mme haeba ka nako eo pheleu, mosamane kapa pōli e hlaha, ha ba tšosoe ho hang ho fihlela lengau lehloa le lapile hape. Katse ena e kholo e hloka nama a 3 ho isa ho a 5 a nama ka nako.

Ha ba bua ka Liphoofolo tsa Baikal, pele ho tsohle, ba hopola libatana, mefuta ea bona e sa tloaelehang le e kotsing, ba lebala ka hare. Hare ke phoofolo e nyane, eo ntle ho eona tse ngata tse “jang nama ebile li le ntle” li ne li ke ke tsa tsoa tlala. Malinyane a phela haufi le sebaka sa polokelo 'me e ba lijo tsa hoo e ka bang liphofu tsohle.

Squirrels ka boeona, liphoofolo tse kholo. Li boima ho tloha ho 2,5 ho isa ho 5 kg, 'me li ka ba bolelele ba 50 cm. Ho amoheloa ka kakaretso hore li-hares lia sebetsa mantsiboea le bosiu, empa li-hares li lula li le teng Letšeng la Baikal.

Ba cheka li-mink tse tebileng, ho tloha ho 8-9 m, sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore li-hares li ntse li sa rate ho ba liphofu tsa baahi ba tlala ba Buka e Khubelu. Makhooa a ja limela tsohle, ho feta moo, makhasi, litholoana le lipalesa le metso. Mariha, ba ja makhapetla le makala.

Malinyane a rata ho ikatisa, ka selemo 'mutla o hlahisa lithane tse 3-4 ho tsoa ho mebutlanyana e 2-6. Li-hares li lula ka hara pokello le "malapa" a maholo, mme li na le botsoalle 'me hangata li "thusana".

Le hoja ho ka utloahala ho makatsa, liphokojoe tse lulang lefatšeng ka bophara lebopong la sebaka sa polokelo ea letša lia ikhetha. Ke mona feela, liphokojoe tse khubelu li khutsitse ka batho, 'me ha li bone sehlopha sa litsebi tsa lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, ha li tlohe feela, empa li amoheloa ho "pose", li bososela ka meokho eohle ea tsona e khahlehang.

Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore maqiti a joalo a tsoetse litholoana le ho tsebahala ha bofubelu bo bofubelu har'a bahahlauli ho fetisitse manolo a sa tloaelehang, le lynxes, esita le lengau lehloa.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, liphokojoe ka boeona, ha li tsotelle taba ea tlhoko ea bona, bahahlauli feela ba siea ntho e monate, mohlala, li-cookies, tseo li-chanterelles li jang ka thabo e kholo. Batataisi ba sheba lintho tse joalo ka menoana ea bona, hobane litlhahlobo tse chesehang tsa "ho qoqa" le liphokojoe li hohela bahahlauli ba bacha sebakeng sa polokelo.

Phokojoe ke sebata se mosa. Batho ba lulang haufi le lebopo la leoatle ba fapane hanyane le ba lulang merung ea Europe. Boima ba chanterelle ea sebakeng seo e ea fofa ho isa ho li-10kg, 'me bolelele bo fihla ho 80-90 cm, ntle le mohatla. Mohatla - ho tloha ho 60 cm, eo liphokojoe tsa hae li sa holang moaparo oa boea ba motho, empa e le "stabilizer" nakong ea ho matha.

Boea bo bosootho bo nang le meno a 42 hangata bo phela bophelo ba bosiu, empa eseng ho Baikal. Sena se bakoa ke bahahlauli kapa ho potoloha nako ea tšebetso ea lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa fox - hares, ha e hlake.

Chanterelles a phela lefatseng ka bophara ho tloha ho lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 10, ha bophelo ba bona bo le telele haholo polokelong, ho latela lipalo-palo tse bokelletsoeng ka thuso ea li-huntsmen, liphokojoe tsa lehae li qala ho shoa li le lilemo li 15-17.

Masoba a fox a sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ho itšireletsa kotsing kapa maemong a leholimo a mabe le bakeng sa ho tsoalisa liphokojoe. Haeba boemo ba leholimo bo le botle, ha ho na lira tse potileng mme fox ha e na ho tsoala - e tla robala tlasa sehlahla, e patiloe.

Lintsu ke litsomi tse hloahloa, empa Letšeng la Baikal le tsona ke lintho tse ntle haholo, 'me li rata ho ja liboko le lihlahla. Ke eng hape e khethollang "bofubelu" ba lehae ho motho e mong le e mong.

Ha ba na nako e itseng ea "likamano tsa lenyalo," empa ba khetha ho tsoala liphokojoe mathoasong a selemo. Litaba li tlalehiloe ha e tšehali ka mokhoa o khopo e leleka e tona, 'me haeba fox e atlehile, liphokojoe li ka be li hlahile "mariha".

Batsoali ka bobeli ba nka karolo molemong oa ho holisa masea. Lelapa la liphokojoe le na le bophelo bofe, joalo ka liphiri. Lelapa ka leng le na le tšimo ea lona. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ho na le lijo tse lekaneng, liphokojoe li amana le "baeti" ka khutso.

Ka kakaretso, liphoofolo tsa Letša la Baikal, joalo ka linonyana le litlhapi, kaofela li bōpile lefatše la tsona le ikhethileng, le ikhethang. Kaofela li hokahane haufi, ka bobeli hammoho le letša ka bolona.

Sena se ka bonoa ha u shebelletsoe feela, eseng ntle le lebaka, leha ho na le theko e phahameng ea leeto, palo ea litsebi tsa ecotourists e ntse e eketseha kamehla, 'me ba seng ba ntse ba tla tla polokelong hape.

Tiiso ea Baikal

Letšoao la 'nete la letša le tummeng. Seal se fumanoa feela Letšeng la Baikal. Ka lebaka la masholu, phoofolo e kotsing ea ho timela. Boea, nama le mafura a liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang li bohlokoa haholo, empa ho tsoma ha ho otloe ke molao. Nerpa, joalo ka litiiso, e rata ho sesa ka metsing ebe e fihla lebopong ho ea phomola.

Omul

Omul ke mefuta e mengata ka ho fetisisa ea khoebo (mofuta oa whitefish) ho mefuta eohle ea Baikal. Letša lena le ahile ka ho khetheha ke Baikal subspecies (endemic), baahi ba eona ba bane: Selenginsky, Severobaikalsky, Ambassadorial, Chivyrkuisky. Ho baahi, ba bangata ke Selenginsky. Li-biomass li boima ba lithane tse 25-30 tse likete .. Baikal omul ha se tlhapi e kholo ka ho fetisisa - e fihla boleleleng ba 50 cm le bolelele ba 5 kg ka boima.

Golomyanka

Golomyanka ke tlhapi e kholo ka ho fetisisa Letšeng la Baikal, sehokela sa mokolokotoane oa lijo tikolohong ea letša. Ho na le golomyanka e kholo le e nyane. E tšehali e kholo e fihla bolelele ba 25 cm, 'me e tona - cm cm 16. E tšehali le e tona ea golomyanka e bolelele ba 15 le 12 cm, ka ho latellana.

Biomass ea Comephorus ke habeli lihlahisoa tse ling tsa Baikal tse ling habeli. Golomyanka ke tlhapi e khahlisang haholo: ntle le sekala, ntle le bladder ea ho sesa, viviparous (ha e hlahe), translucent, e phela ka botebo bohle ba eona (ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase, e hanang khatello ea metsi ea bareng ea 125) mme ke lijo tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa tiiso ea Baikal le lihlapi tse ling. . E iphepa ka polankton le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse nyane (golomyanka e kholo e ka ja e nyane). Golomyanka ke 35% (mesifa - ho feta 40%) e na le mafura. Ka mohatla oa hae, o ka bala mongolo ka mongolo o moholo. "Kholo" e nyane e feta ho lefshoa ke mapheo a maholo a pectoral, e fihla ho 200% e lekanang le boholo ba 'mele.

Barguzinsky sable

Sable ke phoofolo tsomo aba eseng feela ka Lake Baikal: e fumanoa ho pholletsa le taiga naheng ea Russia, naha ea habo lona ke meru le lithaba tsa Bochabela Siberia. Sable boea ke khauta bonolo. O motle, o tšoarella, 'me ke oa bohlokoa. Tekanyo ea boleng ba boea ho itšetlehile ka 'mala - the le leso kudu le molemo. Barguzinsky sable ke lefifi.

Ho USSR, palo ea liphoofolo e Letšeng la Baikal e ile ea batla e felisoa ka botlalo, hobane ho ne ho se na litekanyetso tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Joale ba ile a hlaphoheloa ba bona 'me ba khutlisetsoa boemong ba pele ea bona (XVII lekholong la lilemo la),' me joale a tsoela le le hole haholo, le sable le hlahileng haholo, e leng ho ferekanya ho tsoma ho leka-lekana. Complete tle sebakeng sena ha se bonahale ho ba 'nile ba beha sebakeng sa ho fihlela joale.

Sable e fihla bolelele ba 56 cm, hammoho le 20 cm ea mohatla (eseng phoofolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa). Ka a hoseng le mantsiboea ho sebetsang haholo. O khetha ho phela ka likedare, le hoja a ka seoelo e hlaha ho meqhaka ea lifate.

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-90, matlalo a khabisitsoeng ka lebenkeleng la boea ho la St.

moemeli e mong oa liphoofolo Baikal ke sokhaty. Moose phela ho pholletsa le Eurasia, empa ka letšeng ba sa tloaelehang le ho fapana ka boholo ho tloha likhama tse ling le sebaka sa pele. Karolelano boima ba e Elk phelang ka letšeng le ke 400 lik'hilogramaLeha ho le joalo, e boima ba 'mele ea ba batona tse ngata e fetang halofo thane e le. Keketseho moeling o tlase oa pona ke 2,5 m, mme bolelele bo tlase ba 'mele ke 3 m. Linaka ntle ka ho fetisisa le ea matla o na le likhama tse 15 ea lilemo li. Tlas'a maemo a molemo ka, le lifespan ea likhama ke lilemo tse 25-30. Li lahla manaka ka Pherekhong, 'me tse ncha li qala ho hola mathoasong a Hlakubele. Nako rutting ke September-October, 'me manamane a likhama tsoaletsoe May-June. Moose u phele ka lihlopha tsa batho ba 4-8, ho ja joang bo le letlobo, 'me mariha - makhapetla.

Mutlanyana

Bokamoso ba phoofolo ena ha bo bonolo, hobane hare e ba lijo tsa liphoofolo tse jang tse ngata tse Letšeng la Baikal. Boima ba phoofolo ke 2.5-5 lik'hilograma, 'me bolelele' mele fihla 0.5 m. Ba cheka mekoti e tebileng -. 8-9 limithara ba fepa ka dimela, ho ja makhapetla le makala a mariha. Ka selemo hare e fana ka litara tse 3-4 tsa mebutla e 2-6. Tšoeu Hare ba lula "malapa" kgolo. Hangata e tlang ho pholosa mofuta ba bona.

Lintsu tse ikhethileng li lula mabopong a Letša la Baikal. Feela mona ke liphokojoe tse khubelu khobile matšoafo ka ho feletseng ho arabela batho ba. Ha ba bone sehlopha sa bahahlauli, ha ba tsamaee, empa ba qala ho "hlaha", ba inamisa lifahleho tsa bona ka pososelo. Ka khutla, bahahlauli ba tlohela lijo, ho joalo le ka melemo ea ho ho nkuoa filimi le liphokojoe li tobileng.

Ena phoofolo graceful le batla le fapaneng ho beng ka merung European. Phokojoe e boima ba lik'hilograma tse leshome, 'me bolelele ba' mele oa eona ke cm 80-90 (ntle le mohatla). Bolelele ba mohatla ke ho tloha 60 cm,; e sebeletsa e le "stabilizer" nakong ea mathang. Liphokojoe phela Lake Baikal ka lilemo tse 15-17, le hoja libakeng tse ling bophelong ba bona lebeletsoeng ke lilemo tse 3-10. Makhoba a hloka marobalo feela bakeng sa tšireletso mochesong o mobe kapa kotsing le bakeng sa ho ikatisa. phokojoe e ka khobile matšoafo ho robala ka tlas'a sehlahla ka. Ka Baikal, har'a lintho tse ling, liphokojoe ja tlhapi, liboko le larvae. Ha ho na nako e hlakileng ea ho ruruha, empa ba khetha ho tsoala mathoasong a selemo. batsoali ka bobeli ba hōlisa bana. Nyala sethepu. Lelapa le leng le le leng le lula sebakeng sa bona. Haeba ho na le lijo tse lekaneng, e leng "baeti" ba tšoaroa khobile matšoafo.

Mallard

The letata mallard ke kgolo noka letata, boholo ba eona e le letata ruuoang. Hlooho ea monna e motšo e sootho ka 'mala o botala, "chestnut goiter" Female mallard matata ba penta sootho, ka streaks ea lefifi 'mala, e putsoa "seiponeng" tlas'a mohatla, e pinkish molomo le bohareng lefifi.

E Tloaelehileng mallard ka Eurasia le Amerika Leboea ho atile haholo. E phela libakeng tsa bolulo tse fapaneng tse nang le metsi a hloekileng le limela tse nonneng, e rata libaka tse hahelletsoeng ka lehlaka, katara, lehlaka le litšepe, empa e na le libaka tse nyane tse nang le metsi a hloekileng. Mariha lintsintsi mallard ho libakeng tse futhumetseng moo 'mele metsi a ha le hatsele.

Ka mathoasong a selemo, e fofelang ho libaka nesting. E haha ​​lihlaha haufi le metsi, ka tlas'a seretse sa moea, sefate se oeleng, tlas'a sehlahla kapa sefate sa Keresemese.

E tšehali e behela mahe a masoeu ho tloha ho a 16 ho isa ho a 16, 'me e a kenyeletsa hoo e ka bang libeke tse tharo. Malinyane a khona ho sesa ho tloha popelong, a ts'oara lehe feela ebe a omile, hang hang a latela 'm'a tsona ho ea metsing. Malinyane a ja haholo likokoanyana le liboko, tse ts'oaroang ka har'a limela tsa lebopong, moo lijalo tsohle tsa mallard li bolokiloeng.

Ho tloha libakeng tse ka leboea le tse bohareng tsa naha ea rona ho ea libakeng tse futhumetseng, letata la seallang le fofa ka hoetla. Ho tloaelehile ho kopana le matata mariha, ka ho tšoana ka toropong, libakeng tsa liindasteri tse kholo, moo ho se nang kotsi ea mofuta oa liphoofolo tse ling. Ha mariha a joalo, letata la sejo sa mabenkele le lula le fepeloa ke basebetsi, 'me terata e sa koaheleng bakeng sa likhoerekhoere tse tsoang likhoebong e sebetsa e le setša bakeng sa eona. Hape hoa makatsa hore ebe metsi a litšila joalo a ba loketse.

Mollo

Tšobotsi e ikhethang ea nonyana ena ke masiba a eona a khanyang a 'mala oa lamunu ka' mele oa hae, 'me a soeufala molaleng le hloohong. Mohatla o moputsoa le seaparo se lefifi li na le botala bo botala. Molomo, mookoli le maoto le tsona li sootho ka 'mala, joaloka mapheo a mapheo a mapheo a tšoeu. Meno a seng makae le a masesaane a haufi le molomo le molomo. Ho linonyana, ho fofa, matheba a masoeu a boholo bo tsotehang a ka bonoa habonolo karolong e ka tlase ea mapheo (likhukeng).

Letata lena le leholo ka maoto a phahameng a nang le molomo o mokhuts'oane, molala o molelele le setulo se ikhohomosang se shebahala joalo ka mohono o monyane. Nakong ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, e tona e tšoauoa ka reng e 'mala o moputsoa molaleng, e nyamelang nakong ea phetoho ea masiba ka linako tse itseng,' me e tšehali - e na le masiba a mmala o bobebe mahlakore a hlooho.

Tšobotsi e 'ngoe eo mollo o thulang ka eona ke lentsoe le phahameng, le hopotsang ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa ho hlaseloa ke esele. Ha ba fofa, ba ntša molumo o matla oa "sehlopha sa" ..., ba fetoha lerata le bobebe. E tšehali e na le lentsoe le bohale le le phahameng haholo.

Mollo oa bata o fumana lijo tsa oona ka metsing le mobung. Lihlahisoa tsa pele tsa semela li jala lijo: lipeo le letlobo le letala la limela le limela tsa herbaceous. Empa ha e nyenyefatse likokoanyana: litsie, litšila, jj. Ka metsing e batla li-mollusk, crustaceans, litlhapi tse nyane esita le lihoho.

Qetellong ea lehlabula, masimong a kotuloang, li-okra li nka peo ea lijalo tsa mariha tse lenngoeng kapa li tsoma litseleng, li poma lijo-thollo tse qhalaneng. Ogars e rata ho batla lijo bosiu kapa shoalane, 'me e phomola motšehare. Le ha ogre e lokolloa tlhokomelong ea motsoali kamora likhoeli tse peli kamora ho hlaha, e ba ba holileng tsebong ka thobalano mme ba khona ho ba le bana feela ho tloha selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo.

Selivera ea tšepe

E kholo, e matla e tšoeu e nang le hlooho e tšoeu e nang le hlooho ea "angular". Linonyana tse kholo li na le ponahalo ea sefahleho se "sa hlonepheng." Molomo o matla, o kentse ka ho hlakileng lintho tse hlokahalang. E lula mabopong a linoka, matša le likhohlo. Hangata e fumanoa metseng le litepising tsa mobu. Bolelele ba 'mele 55-67 cm, mapheo a bolelele 138-150 cm, boima ba 717–1525 g.

Ho nonyana e moholo, hlooho le tlase tsa 'mele li tšoeu nakong ea hlabula, mariha hlooho le molala li na le melapo e putsoa e putsoa kapa e sootho. Moaparo ke o bohlooho bo bobebe, bo tšoanang le ba lerootho le putsoa. Meetso e fapaneng e metšo qetellong ea lepheo e fetela ho masiba a la 5-6 a fofa. Masiba a feteletseng (a leshome) hangata a na le pheletso e tšoeu ka botlalo, moahelani (oa borobong) - a na le sebaka se seholo se lekaneng se bosoeu bo bosoeu. Ho linonyana tse ngata, "maleme" a masoeu mefuteng e ka hare ea masiba a kantle a tšebetso ka linako tse ling a hokahantsoe le tlhoro e tšoeu ea pele-pele ho penultimate penis (borobong). Motsoako o moputsoa oa 'mankhane o moputsoa oa bohlano oa ntsintsi hangata ha o eo ka botlalo kapa ka tsela e itseng. Mookoli o mosehla. Makhopho a 'mala o mosehla, o pinki kapa o mofubelu. Molomo oa 'mala o mosehla, o na le letheba ka' mala oa lamunu le ntlha e tšoeu. Maoto a 'mala o pinki,' mala o mosehla kapa o moputsoa.

E khutlela libakeng tsa nesting (lebopong la Murmansk) ka Hlakubele. Ho tsoaloa hangata ka likolone, ka linako tse ling marulelong a meaho. Tse tšehali le tse tona li haha ​​sehlaha ho tloha boriba, makhasi, makala kapa makalaana ao ba a fumanang haufi le sehlaha. Ho beha mahe ho qala matsatsing a pele a leshome a Mots'eanong.Ho clutch e felletseng, 2-3, mahe a mangata, kapa 'mala o le mong,' mala oa ona o fapana haholo, o sootho kapa o motala ka 'mala o nang le matheba a lefifi. Batsoali ka bobeli ba lula ba patehile ka matsatsi a 2632. Maya a qala ho fofa ho tloha matsatsing a 38-45.

E fepa ka lihlapi, liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana, matsuane le mahe, mollusks, monokotsoai, mefuta e fapaneng ea litšila, carrion. Hangata tse ngata tse nang le lintlafatso.

Grouse

Nonyana ea Hazel grouse - e lulang merung ea Russia. Hazel grouse ke nonyana ka boholo, ha e bapisoa le linonyana tse ling, ka mokoallo. 'Mala oa masiba a eona o moputsoa ebile o na le likhoele tse fapakaneng, ka lebaka la hore maqhubu a maoto a mangata a tsamaea ka bongata.

Ka lebaka la boloi bona, o ile a reha lebitso la hae. E tona e na le mohloa hloohong, le letheba le letšo molaleng oa hae. Mapheo a Grouse a lerootho ebile a makgutshwane. E fofa sebaka se selelele, e etsa lerata nakong ea ha e tsamaea, e fofa mapheo.

Sebaka sa kabo ea meru naheng ea Asia le Asia. Hazel grouse ke nonyana e lulang ka bobeli, e ratang meru e tsoakaneng le e putsoa. Ho phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, empa ho batla lijo ho ka etsa hore u se ke oa lelera haufinyane. Nonyana ea Grouse, e lulang morung, e qeta boholo ba bophelo ba eona bo lefatšeng, e ka matha ka lebelo. Mme ha feela o tšosa grouse, e tla fofa e fofa lifateng, 'me e tla lata nako e telele moqhorong oa eona.

Li-Fritillas li hlophisa lihlaha fatše, hara lehong le seretse se chesang, libakeng tse se nang moriti. Grouse e tšehali e behela mahe a 6-10, e e hule hoo e ka bang libeke tse tharo. Tse tona ha li kopanele ho qhotsoeng mahe ebile ha li bonts'e ho tsotella malinyane. E tšehali e le ngoe e hlokomela malinyane a qhotsitsoeng. O li sireletsa ho batho ba hlekefetsang le maemong a leholimo a mabe.

Likokoanyana le likhaba tsa tsona ke lijo tsa matsuane, hape li ja le likho. Malinyane a holileng tsebong, joaloka linonyana tse baholo, a ja lijo tse thehiloeng ho limela - peo ea joang, monokotsoai, makhasi, jj.

Mariha ke eona e thata haholo ho grouse. Ho baleha serame se matla, linonyana li itahlela lehloeng, li tsoa ho sona ka linako tse ling, e le hore ba hloella lifate, ho fumana lijo. Mariha, li-hazel grouse li ja li-catland tsa alder le tsa birch.

Mofuta oa ntsu

Ntsu e 'mala oa khauta ke moemeli e moholo oa lelapa la eona: bolelele ba' mele ke cm 90-93, 'me mapheo a eona a tloha cm a 180 ho isa ho 240. Tse tšehali, joalo ka ntsu e ngata, li kholo ho feta tse tona. Palo e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea mosali ke 6.7 kg, mme e tona ke 4,6 kg. Ha e tsitsipana, karolo e ka morao ea lepheo la ntsu e 'mala oa khauta e tšoana le lengolo la Senyesemane S. Mohatla o chitja ho feta' me o molelele ho feta oa ntsu e meng; ha e fofa e qala ka fan. Masiba a ka ba a bosootho bo bofubelu kapa a sootho ka 'mala ka' mala o nang le masiba a bofubelu a khauta ka morao hloohong le molaleng.

Boholo ba Karolo ea Leboea. E fumaneha kae kapa kae Russia, ntle le Lebatooa la Amur. E lula libakeng tse lithaba, meru, 'me ka linako tse ling e ka lula lehoatateng. Likokoanyana lihlekehlekeng tsa moru tse lika-likelitsoeng ke mekhoabo.

Lintsu tsa khauta ke libatana tse tebileng. Lintsu tsa khauta li tsoma likhama, liphokojoe, malinyane a likhoto, litoeba tse fapaneng le linonyana. Likepe tsa bona tse mpe ka ho fetisisa ke li-paws tse matla. Lerata le monwaneng oa pele oa setsomi sena se fihla lisentimetara tse 7 ka bolelele, ke tsona linonyana ha li otla liphofu tsa tsona. Le ntsu tsa khauta ke banna ba matla ba 'nete: li khona ho phahamisa tlhahiso ea li-kilos 15-20 moeeng!

Li-Blue Eagles li fofa leholimong ka khutso, li batlana le mahlo a tsona a matle. Ha li se li lemohile ntho e ka jang phofu ea tsona, kapele-pele libatana li fetohela sefofaneng se phallang ka potlako, ebe li qoelisoa ka mapheo a entsoe ka karolo e itseng. Li tšoasa liphoofolo tse anyesang fatše, 'me linonyana li khona ho feta ebe lia tsamaea. Hangata, ntsu e 'ngoe ea khauta e nang le lesoba se le seng e tšoara ea oeleng ka morao hloohong, ea bobeli e le ka morao ho senya mokokotlo. Ho hang ha ho na lira.

Noha e hlophisitsoeng

Ka lebaka la ho ikamahanya le maemo ha eona tikolohong, e tloaelehile libakeng tse ngata tsa lefatše. Pulang ena e hahabang e ka fumaneha merung ea Sibiga ea Sibiga le matsoapong a Kazakhstan le lithabeng tsa Iran le Afghanistan. Likarolong tse lithaba tsa li-republic tsa rona tsa pele tsa Union tsa Armenia, Azerbaijan le Georgia. Hape o lula masimong a raese a Chaena.Karolo e khethollang ke mokhoa o motle le mebala e fapaneng le mebala ea 'mala oa' mele oa mofuta ona.

Semelo se akaretsang se sootho ka matheba a sootho. Mmele o mosesane mme o na le sebaka se boreleli ho ama, o bakoang ke sebopeho sa makhalo letlalong la hae. Ena ke tšobotsi e ikhethang ea "amphibian" enoa ho tsoa ho linoha tse ling. Bolelele ba noha ea 'mele 1.5 - 1,8 metres. Ha e na chefo ebile e sireletsehile ho batho.

E ikutloa e thabile tikolohong ea metsing le makaleng a sefate. Lihlahisoa tsa ho aha mekoting ea lifate, mafikeng a matlapa le lilibeng tse ka tlas'a lefatše. Ho sesa le ho qoela hantle. Ho nka mahlaseli a letsatsi ha ho bata, ho fumana matla le mocheso o hlokahalang. Ha ho chesa ho ipata.

E lebisa haholo bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi mme joalo ka mefuta eohle e hahelletsang mariha, sena se etsahala ka Loetse - Pulungoana, ho latela maemo a bolulo le maemo a leholimo.

Noha, joalo ka linoha tsohle, ke serahali. E tsoma litoeba tse nyane, linoha le linonyana. Ha e na chefo, e li bolaea pele li metha ka ho nyekeloa. Snake ke motšoasi oa litlhapi ea tšoanelehang hantle ebile e kenyelletsa lijana tsa litlhapi ka har'a lijo tsa hae.

Hape ha e nyenyefatse likokoanyana. Ka thabo o ja mahe a linonyana, a li metsa kaofela. Ho na le maemo a teng khafetsa a batho ba bang ba bang ba bang ba bang ba bang ba bang teng ka nako ea teng.

Phallo ea metsi

Vole ea metsi ke ea lelapa la hamster. E na le lebitso la eona hobane e lula haufi le mehloli ea metsi - linokeng, matšeng le matamong. Nakong ea likhohola, phoofolo ena e qoba linōka, e rata ho phela har'a makhulo le lirapeng tsa meroho.

Sebaka sena sa litoeba se lula haufi le sebaka sohle sa Russia - ntle le Bochabela bo Hare, Siberia e Holimo le Bochabela. Tšimong ea Eurasia e isoa lebopong la Leoatle la Mediterranean. Bakeng sa tlhophiso ea matlo, o cheka masoba ka mafolofolo, ka hona o senya lirapa le lirapa tsa meroho.

Bolelele ba 'mele ka mohatla o fihla ho 25 cm, mohatla o ka nka nako e fetang halofo ea bolelele bona. Litoeba li na le 'mele o moholohali le seqholo se khutsitseng se khuts'oane. Boea bo botenya ebile bo botenya hoo litsebe li ka bonoang ka tlas'a eona. Phula ea metsi e na le 'mala o sootho. Mohatla oa phoofolo o koahetsoe ke moriri o mokgutshwane le o thata.

Vole ea metsi e fepa ka letlobo la semela se nang le lero, makhapetla a sefate, li-Earthworms le lijalo tsa jareteng - kolofo e kholo ea litoeba tsena e ka senya lijalo tsohle, kaha likhoto tsena li ja lijo tse ngata. Li senya le lifate, kaha li ja makhapetla a sona ka ho phethahala. Lirolo tsena, li baka tšenyo e kholo lefats'eng la temo, lia loana. Mafaha ha a ratoe haholo, kaha a ka lematsa limela. Maemong a maholo, ho boetse ho sebelisoa barekisi ba lithaelese tsa ultrasonic, mefuta eohle ea maraba e behiloe. Batho ba nang le lirapa tse nyane tsa poraefete hangata ba sebelisa maraba a rat ho loana.

Altai pika

Vibrissas ho Altai pikas ea bolelele bo mahareng (50-65 limilimithara). E fofa ka 'mala le boholo. Lehlabula la boea ba mokokotlo oa meriti e fapaneng ea 'mala o mofubelu le o sootho, mariha - ho tloha ho sootho ho isa ho bohlooho, ka linako tse ling ho fumanoa litlolo tse ntšo. Mpa e boreleli haholo ka makhopho a mafome. Li-soles li apere boea bo sootho bo lefifi. Bolelele ba 'mele ke 170-250 mm, bolelele ba leoto le ka morao ke 24-35 mm. Bolelele bohle ba lehata bo fapana ho tloha ho 39 ho isa ho 58 mm.

Bokapele ba lehata bo bokhutshwane. Sebaka se pakeng tsa lehata le sephara le sephara (4.2-6.0 limilimithara, bolelele ba 12% ea bolelele ba lehata). Lebokose la boko le boreleli. Mehala ea melars ha e khuts'oane. Sesebelisoa se bula mamati a masapo a li-intermaxillary, 'me mamati a bulehileng a bulehileng.

Masala a halofo ea mesaletsa ea pikha e ka leboea a tsejoa ho tsoa ka lehaheng "Lejoe la Hole" le nokeng. Chusovoy, i.e., haholo ka boroa ho phepelo ea sejoale-joale ea mefuta ena ho Ural Range.

Pika e ka leboea e fumaneha haholo libakeng tse lithaba, chate le sebakeng sa taiga, haholo boteng ba majoe a maholo. Ka leboea ho Siberia, libaka tsa pikas ka linako tse ling ha li amane le libaka tse majoe.E hlaha ka linako tse ling likolone tsa bohlokoa. Joaloka mefuta e meng e, ho etsa mehloli ea joang bakeng sa mariha, tsamaisa bona ka tlas'a majoe kapa ka majoe tletlerana. Mantsoe ke molumo o bohale ha o bapisoa le bashebelli ba bang ka sello sa Woodpecker. Hoo e batlang e se na data ea ho ikatisa.

Black-capped Groundhog

Mokhotlong o motšo ke 'mala o tsoang lelapeng la squirrel la litoeba. Phoofolo ena e boetse e bitsoa marmot e bochabela kapa Kamchatka.

'Mele oa bolelele ba batsho capped marmot fihla 540 limilimithara. Ha e le molao, bolelele ba mohloa o motšo ke 28% ea bolelele ba 'mele oa eona.

Ka limela tsa Russia, ona ke mofuta o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa makhala. Seaparo e bonolo, o teteaneng le e telele. 'Mala oa' mele o ka holimo o lefifi ka lebaka la bosoeu ba moriri o moputsoa. Bokantle ba 'mele bo pentiloe ka lithane tsa ocher-rust kapa ocher.

Boea ka mahlakoreng e na le khanya fawn mmala. Hangata boea bo ka morao mokokotlong bo lula bo mebala ka mehele e mefubelu e khanyang. Bokaholimo ba hlooho bo pentiloe ka 'mala o mosehla kapa o motšo. Sebaka botlaaseng ba vibrissae le e marameng a leseli, ka linako tse ling le e tinge bo bofubelu. Litsebe li bofubelu bo khanyang, matheba a lefifi a nts'etsopele tlasa mahlo, meeli ea molomo e lefifi. Mohatla o lefifi ka tlase, mme holimo o na le 'mala oa mokokotlo.

Ka marmot kolone, epa hangata 4-5 selemo boholo-holo, ka 10 greasy (nakoana) epa, 'me e mong mariha burrow Hangata hona joale. Likolone li sebakeng se ka boroa sa bophirima le boroa ba lehloa le lithaba, hangata li le bophahamong ba limithara tse 4200 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Likamore le liphallo tsa lesoba la mariha li fumaneha botebong ba mobu. Mocheso oa mobu ona nakong ea mariha marotholi ho -16 ° C, 'me nakong ea lehlabula ho iphuthumatsa hore feela u sa palo e kahodimodimo ea + 2 ° C. Lehlabuleng, ho futhumala ho hotle ha metsamao ho ntlafatsoa ka boholo ba bona bo boholo hape le palo e kholo ea ba tsoang mokoting. Haufi le lithuto mobu o thijoa ka 40-50 cm ho teba ho feta libakeng tse ling. Marmots etsa mokhabiso hare-hare ho marako a ka kamoreng e ka nesting sebelisa motsoako oa joang bo ommeng le lefatše.

Rosa lere

Roe deer ke mohlobo o monyane oa likhama tse nang le 'mele o motle, sefahleho se setle le litsebe tse telele. Boholo ba selemo, likhama tsa lintja li lula li le mong kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane. Nakong ea lipapali ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, tse tona etsa mosebetsi oa tšebeletso, ho phehella e tšehali, e leng mathela ho selika-likoe sa.

Litsuonyana tsa Roe li bolokoa li le mong kapa ka lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse ka bang leshome. Li na le mafolofolo hoseng haholo le ka shoalane - ka nako e joalo li ka bonoa eseng feela merung e matla le e tsoakaneng, le lipheletsong, empa hape le masimong, mekhoabong, mabopong a heather le morung o kopaneng.

Ho kotsi ho honyenyane, ea Roe likhama phahamisa hlooho ea eona 'me ka hloko scrutinizes moo melumo belaella tsoa, ​​le hoja le litsebe tsa eona li tsamaisoa ka tsela eo. Ke banna ba roe feela ba nang le linaka. Linaka tsa tšobotsi tse nang le mekhoa e meraro li hlaha selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo ba batona. Leha ho le joalo, feela ka selemo sa boraro oa bophelo ba liphoofolo e se ba fihla ntshetsopeleng e tletseng.

Linaka tse nyane li na le letlalo le boreleli le boreleli, le phunyelitsoeng ke marang-rang a teteaneng a methapo ea mali. Nakong ea selemo, linaka lia akheha, e tona e batla ho e hloekisa letlalong, e li tsukutle likutu le makaleng a lifate. Roe likhama hangata fula hoseng haholo le ka phirimana. Ka cheseho o ja joang, malinyane a makhasi a makhasi a lifate. Phoofolo e tšoara lijo ka lisosa tse ka tlase ebe e na le moqolo o thata ka holimo (ka mabone, lintho tse ka holimo ha li eo) ebe ea e loma.

Ka hoetla, ha joang bo fetoha nyenyane, ho Roe likhama jang ho feta linate le tse ling tse litholoana moru (acorns, chestnuts, blueberries, leoatle buckthorn, beech ditholwana). Ntle le moo, menu ea eona ea mariha e kenyelletsa li-acorns, hammoho le rutabaga le lijalo tse ling tsa motso masimong - ho fihlela joang bo bonyenyane ba pele bo hlaha fatše nakong ea selemo. Nakong ea serame se matla, makhoaba a luma a loma makala a manyane a tsoang lifateng.

Europe, Roe likhama baahi ba batlang e le lula le feela fetola makhulong. Mariha, ba khetha libaka tse nang lehloa haholo, tse nang le lihlahla tse ngata tse nang le lihlahla tse nyane. Baahi ba lithabeng ba falla ka linako tse itseng. Mariha ba ne ba theohela ka libaka tse tlaase tsa lithaba, moo ba ileng ba fumana lijo tse ngata.

E tšoarelle

Sable ke phoofolo e jang nama e nang le boea bo botle bo futhumetseng, ntho ea bohlokoa e tsomang. Phoofolo ena ke e 'ngoe ea “beng ka bona” ba haufi haholo ba pine marten - sable e shebahala joalo ka ponahalo, karolo ea mekhoa ea bona le eona ea tšoana. Mohatla, e leng hoo e hlollang ka botle morung kapa lejoe marten, ka phoofolo ena e feela e ka etsang karolo ea boraro ea bolelele kaofela tsa 'mele. Empa sena, joalo ka ha bophelo bo bontšitse, ho batho ha se ntho e kileng ea tšoana le ena, kaha sable e na le boleng bo holimo.

Sable ha se phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ka ho fetisisa. Features ponahalo lona ke tse latelang:

• bolelele ba 'mele oa motho e moholo ke 40-58 cm, athe e tšehali hangata e tlase ho monna.
• boima ba phoofolo e ka ba kilo tse peli,
• hlooho sable ke chesele e bōpehileng joaloka, pono shebahala kgolo, ho thiba molomo o ile a bua, litsebe le khōlō, ka e le setsi ka bophara, kgutlotharo ka sebopeho,
• makhapetla a phoofolo a bokhuts'oane, 'me ke ka lebaka lena mokokotlo oa' ona o nang le tšobotsi e tsotehang,
• maoto a bopehile hantle, a bopehile haholo (haholo mariha, ha boea bo koahela esita le maraba le manala), e amanang le mokhoa oa bophelo bo tsitsitseng.

Boea ba phoofolo ke le bonolo, fluffy, a teteaneng. Mmala o batla o le monya - o sootho ka 'mala, o sootho ka maoto le mohatla, hangata o bobebe hanyane hloohong ho feta' meleng. Mariha, boea bo bobebe hanyane, ka lehlabula bo ba lefifi, ka hona, molumo oa eona oa mantlha o fapana ho tloha mohloaare o motšo ho ea sootho ka sootho. Ha ho na bath phatlalletsoang metso letheba, feela batho ba bang ba e le teng 'me e na le lerootho, sebopeho lerotho le' mala o bobebe ka ho ipapisa le 'mala o ka sehloohong oa boea le.

Ha ho phoofolo kapa nonyana e tsomang bakeng sa lijo. Empa o na le bahlolisani ba babeli ba bohlokoa nakong ea tsoma - likholomo le ermine. Le bona, sable dishere mouse-joaloka litoeba e le monate bakeng sa hae. Ka hona, haeba a ka kopana le e mong oa bana ba marang-rang, joale e le hore a bolaee "moahelani" ea sa batleheng, makhasi a matala le tsona li letetse phofu mme li lebisa tlhokomelo ho sera.

Sig ke tlhapi ea lelapa la Salmon. subspecies e 'meli ba phela Baikal - Sig-pyzhyan le Baikal tsa whitefish. Li fapana ka palo ea li-stamens tsa gill le palo ea likala mohala oa morao. Sig-pyzhyan ke mofuta oa noka e nang le letša 'me o qeta bophelo ba ho falla ho sa feleng. Spawns ka linōka, le maemo ka letšeng. Baikal whitefish - Sebopeho sa letša, ho tsamaea le ho petsoha Letšeng la Baikal.

Whitefish e ajoa ho pholletsa le Letša la Baikal, empa palo e kholo ea litlhapi e lula metsing a Barguzinsky, Chivyrkuisky, metsing a sa tebang a Selenginsky le Leoatleng le Nyenyane.

Boima ba tsa whitefish fihla lik'hilograma tse 10. Ho kena bohlankaneng ka mokhoa o mosoeu oa mofuta oa noka e etsahala ka tsela e sa lekanang, ba batona ba ba le thobalano ho la bohlano ho isa ho la botšelela, mme ba batšehali selemong sa bosupa le borobeli sa bophelo. Foromo ea letša e fetoha kholo ea thobalano selemong sa borobeli sa bophelo. Tsoalo ranges ho tloha mahe a 35 ho 55 tse sekete.
Sig-pyzhyan e nka maeto a phallang a ea linokeng hangata ho tloha ka Phato ho fihlela Mphalane, e leng tlhapi e tšoeu ea Baikal ho ea fihla sebakeng se Chivyrkuisky golf ho ea Mukhor Bay ka Loetse. Ho mela ho nka likhoeli tse 2-3.

Batho ba baholo tsa whitefish fepa ka mefuta itseng ea likhofu, gammarids tlase, crustaceans, likokoanyana larvae, 'me bahlankana ba namane litlhapi.

Lenok

Lenok ke tlhapi ea lelapa ea salmon. Ajoa ho pholletsa le Lake Baikal le melatswana lona.

Ha lilemo tse leshome li le ngata, litlhapi li fihla ho 2 kg, le tse leshome le metso e mehlano ho isa ho tse 5-6. E kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tse ileng tsa tšoaroa e ne e le boima ba li-kilo tse fetang 8 le mithara ka bolelele. Lenok fihla kena bonneng kapa bosaling ho ka ba lilemo li tšeletseng ho ea ho tse supileng le e-ba bolelele mele oa cm, 43-46, boima ba 'mele 700-1000 g. Tsoalo itšetlehile ka a le lilemo li' me boholo ba e motšehali 'me mekoloko ho tloha mahe a 3 ho 12 tse sekete. Lenk bakeng sa ho qalaka e nyoloha ka har'a linoka tse phallela Letšeng la Baikal. Ho mela ho etsahala ka Mots'eanong-Mphalane libakeng tse nang le mobu oa majoe a pebble, ka mocheso oa metsi oa 2,5-9 ° C. ka ka botebo ba 0.5-1.5 m. Lijo tsa tlhapi moholo e na le likokoanyana, gammarids, mahe le gobies nyenyane, ka linako tse ling lenok jang waterfowl nyenyane le litoeba ka phoso tšoaroa ka metsing.

Taimen

Li-taimen tse tloaelehileng, kapa Siberian - litlhapi tsa mofuta oa Taimen oa lelapa la Salmon. E tsamaisoa ho pholletsa le letša. Bolelele ba tlhapi bo fihla ho limithara tse peli, boima bo fetang 80 lik'hilograma. Taimen ke sebatana se tloaelehileng. E fepa ka litlhapi, hammoho le liphoofolo tse nyane tse tšoasitsoeng ka phoso ka metsing. E fihlella ho kena bohlankaneng ha motho a le lilemo li 5-6. Nakong ea selemo, litlhapi li nyolohela nokeng ea linōka tse phallela Letšeng la Baikal, tse tšehali li behela mahe ka mekotleng e nang le lithaba. Mofuta oa poone ea basali ke mahe a ka bang likete tse 30.

Davatchan

Davatchan ke mofuta oa litlhapi tsa lelapa la Salmonidae. E lula karolong e ka leboea ea Letša la Baikal, haholo sebakeng sa Frolikha Bay le libakeng tse lebopong ho tloha Nokeng ea Totma ho ea Upper Angara, hammoho le Letšeng. Frolikha, ho tloha moo noka e sa tsejoeng e phallela Letšeng la Baikal. Ke subsidence ea Arctic char. Litlhapi li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 45. Boima ho fihla ho 1 kg. Ho kena bohlankaneng ho qala ha a le lilemo li tšeletseng. Metsoalo ea basali ho tloha mahe a 350 - 1300.