• Didymodus painineus
  Garman, 1884

Shark e hlooho e ntšo , kapa lacquer (lat. Chlamydoselachusgicineus) ke mofuta o mong oa litlhapi tsa lefufuru tse tsoang mofuteng oa lishaka tsa lamellar tsa lelapa le le leng. Ka ntle, e shebahala joaloka noha ea leoatle kapa eel ho feta lishaka tse ling. E lula maoatleng a Atlantic le Pacific. Mofuta ona o sa tloaelehang o fumaneha pheletsong e ka seqhepheng ea k'honthinente le karolong e ka holimo ea pente ea naha ka botebo ba limilimithara tse 1570. Ka lebaka la boteng ba likarolo tsa pele, shaka ea lamellar e bitsoa "mesaletsa e phelang". Bolelele bo bolelele bo tsitsitseng ke limilimithara tse peli. 'Mala o moputsoa o lefifi. Ho shark ea lamellar, 'mele oa noha, makhopho, matsetse, makhopho a' mele le a anal li fetoloa mohatleng.

Shark ena e tsoma joaloka noha, e inamela 'mele ebe e tlōlela holimo. Manonyeletso a malelele le a tsamaeang haholo a u lumella ho koenya phofu e kholo ka ho felletseng, ha mela e mengata e meno a manyenyane le a nang le nale e e thibela ho baleha. Lijo li entsoe haholo ke cephalopods, hammoho le litlhapi tse nyane tsa bony le lishaka. Mofuta o moputsoa o nang le hlooho e ntšo o tsoetsoe ka tlhaho. Boimana bo nka lilemo tse 3,5, ena ke nako e telele haholo e tsejoang har'a li-vertebrates. Literateng ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 15 li-cubs. Ho ikatisa ha se nako ea nako. Shark-like shark li tšoasoa ke litlhapi tse tšoasitsoeng ke ho tšoasa litlhapi tse rekisoang; boleng ba tsona ba ho tšoasa litlhapi bo nyane. Ka linako tse ling lishaka tsena li fosahetse ka lebaka la linoha tsa leoatleng.

Moruo

Mofuta oa pele o ile oa amoheloa ka saense ke setsebi sa Jeremane sa ichthyologist Ludwig Döderlein, ea ileng a etela Japane pakeng tsa 1879 le 1881 mme a tlisa mefuta e mecha ea Vienna. Leha ho le joalo, buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho e nang le tlhaloso e ile ea lahleha mme mongoli o ile a amoheloa ke setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo sa Amerika, Samuel Garman, ea hlalositseng mosali ea bolelele ba 1.5 m a ts'oaretsoeng Sagami Bay, Japane. Garman o re mofuta o mocha ke mofuta o mocha o ikhethileng mme o khethile lelapa le lecha. Lebitso la mahlale Chlamydoselachusgicineus tsoa ho Dr. χχ χμύς (genus pad. χχ μύδς) - raincoat, σέσέχ χχ - shark le lat. mahlomola ke noha. Ka nako e telele, shaka ena e ne e nkuoa e le eona feela mefuta ea mofuta le lelapa, empa ka 2009 ho ile ha hlalosoa mofuta oa bobeli oa mofuta o tšoanang - Chlamydoselachus africana .

Khopolo-taba e entsoeng pele ke bafuputsi ba pele mabapi le kamano e haufi ea shaka ena le lishaka tsa Paleozoic ke cladoselachia ha ea ka ea netefatsoa. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, lishaka tsa lamellar li haufi haholo le meno a bonojoaneng, tseo hangata li kopanang sehlopheng se le seng.

Tlhaloso

Shark e hlooho e ntšo e ile ea fumana lebitso lena bakeng sa makhopo a eona a sephara a letlalo a entsoe ke likhoele tse tsoang gill tse koahelang liphiri tsa gill. Ho na le likhechana tse 6 ka lehlakoreng le leng. Likarolo tsa para ea pele ho tloha ka tlase li hokahana 'me li theha lobe e pharaletseng ea letlalo.

Bolelele ba shaka ena bo ka fihla ho 2 m, empa hangata e ba bolelele ba 1.5 m le basali le 1,3 m ho ba batona. Mmele o phahame haholo. Hlooho e sephara ebile e boreleli, moalo o mokhuts'oane ebile o chitja. Litsuonyana tse se nang selika-likoe li fumaneha ka tsela e otlolohileng, 'me li aroloa ka litsela tse kenang le tse tsoang. Mahlo a maholo a maholo a phahame ka ho lekana. Ha ho na membrane e benyang. Makhopho a dorsal, anal le a mabeli a ka hare a haufi haufi le e mong ka morao ho mmele. Masiba a pectoral a mokhuts'oane ebile a chitja. Menoana e metle le e metle e kholo ebile e chitja. Fin-caudal Fin e telele e na le sebopeho se batlang se lekantsoe joalo, 'me se entsoe ka lobe e le' ngoe e holimo. Ka mpeng ho na le mekotla ea letlalo e arotsoeng ke moqomo, e leng seo mosebetsi oa sona o sa tsejoeng. Karolo e bohareng ea 'mele ea basali e telele ho feta ea banna, masiba a bona a ka mpeng a haufi le anal. Molomo oa shaka ena e batla e le makhethe, eseng e tlase, joalo ka lishaka tse ling. Maro a likhutlong tsa molomo ha a eo. Meno ha a sebetse. Mananeng a holimo le a ka tlase, meno a 19-31 le a 21-29 a latellana, ka ho latellana. Ho na le meno a ka bang 300 molomong. Li tšoana le liankora tse hlometseng tse tharo: leino le leng le le leng le na le litlhoro tse tharo tse lohiloeng, tse bolelele bo lekanang, pakeng tsa tsona ho nang le litlhoro tse nyane. Li-denticles tsa "dermal" li nyane ka sebopeho se ts'oanang le chisel, karolong e ka tlaase ea mokokotlo oa likhaba li kholo ebile li bohale. Colouring e bile e sootho kapa e putsoa. Ho tsoa ho congener ea hae ea Afrika Chlamydoselachus africana shark larky e khetholloa ke palo e kholo ea li-vertebrae (160- 171 ha e bapisoa le 147) le mekhako ea lebokoseng la spiral (35-49 bapisoa le 26-31), hammoho le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa morphological, mohlala, hlooho e telele le e khuts'oane ea gill. Bolelele bo phahameng bo tlalehiloeng ba batona ke lisenthimithara tse 170, 'me basali ke 200 cm.

Sebaka sa bolulo

Shark e hlooho e ntšo ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa leoatle, e fumaneha libakeng tse ngata tsa Leoatle la Atlantic le Leoatle la Pacific libakeng tse fapaneng. Leoatleng la Atlantic, e fetisoa ho tloha Europe Leboea ho ea Afrika Boroa. Libaka tse ka leboea tse hapuoeng ke Norwich ea Varangerfjord le metsi a haufi le Svalbard. Karolong e ka bochabela ea Atlantic, lishaka tsena li lula mabopong a ka leboea a Norway le Scotland, ka bophirima ho Ireland le ho tloha Fora ho ea fihla Morocco, ho kenyelletsa Madeira le Mauritania. Karolong e bohareng ea Atlantic, li fumaneha ka har'a Mid-Atlantic Range ho tloha leboea ho Azores ho ea Rio Grande Rise lebopong le ka boroa la Brazil, hammoho le Vavilov Ridge, lebopong la Afrika Bophirima. Karolong e ka bophirima ea Atlantic, lishaka tsena li tloaelehile metsing a New England, Georgia le Suriname. Karolong e ka bophirima ea Leoatle la Pacific, lishaka tsa lamellar li lula ho tloha Sehlekehlekeng sa Honshu, Japane, ho ea Taiwan, hammoho le lebopong la New South Wales, Tasmania le New Zealand. Karolong e ka bochabela le e ka bochabela ea Leoatle la Pacific, li ile tsa bonoa metsing a Lihlekehleke tsa Hawaii, California le leboea la Chile.

Li-shark tsa Placid li fumaneha botebong ba limilimithara tse likete tse likete tse mashome a metso e mehlano, le hoja li sa theohe ka tlase ho 1000 m. Kua Sharuga Bay, hangata lishaka tsena li oela ka letlooeng ka botebo ba 50 ho isa ho 200 mithara, ntle le nako ho tloha Phato ho fihlela Pulungoana, ha mocheso oa metsi ka botebo ba 100 m o feta 15 ° C, mme lishaka li ea botebong bo boholo. Lishaka tsena tse ka tlase ka linako tse ling li fumanoa mokolokong oa metsi. Bosiu, lishaka tse kang shark li ka itsamaela ka tsela e otlolohileng 'me tsa hloella ho batla phofu ea tsona ho ea fihla metsing. Mefuteng ena, karohano ea libaka e bonoa ho latela boholo le boikemisetso ba ho ikatisa.

Biology

Lishaka tse kang shark li tloaelane le bophelo ka botebo, masapo a bona ha a bopehe hantle, sebete se seholo haholo, se na le lipid-density lipids tse tlase, tse ba lumellang ho lekana kholomong ea metsi ka boiteko bo fokolang. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea lishaka e nang le mohala oa "ho buleha" oa morao-rao: lisele tsa moriri tse sebetsang joaloka mechanoreceptors li fumaneha lijong tse amanang ka kotloloho le metsi a leoatle a haufi. Sebopeho se joalo se nkuoa e le sa bashebelli 'me se ba lumella ho hapa ho sisinyeha ho hoholo ha phofu e ka ba teng. Lishaka tse ngata tse tšoasitsoeng joalo ka lishaka li ne li se na ntlha ea mohatla, eo mohlomong e bileng ka lebaka la litlhaselo tse tsoang ho lishaka tse ling. Mofuta oa tapeworm o sebetsa ho lishaka tsena. Monorygmatrematode Otodistomum veliporum le nematode Mooleptus rabuka .

Phepo e nepahetseng

Menoana e melelele ea lishaka tse tukang li otlolohile haholo 'me li li lumella ho koenya phofu eohle ea halofo ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, bolelele le sebopeho sa mehlahare ha li ba lumelle ho luma ka matla a ts'oanang le a lishaka tse nang le sebopeho sa setso sa setso. Ka mpeng ea boholo ba lishaka tse hapiloeng, ho ile ha fumanoa litšila tsa lijo tse sa tsejoeng hantle, tse bonts'ang tšilo ea lijo le / kapa nako e telele lipakeng tsa ho fepa. Lijo tsa lishaka tsa laconic li entsoe haholo ke cephalopods, hammoho le litlhapi tsa bony le lishaka tse ling. Shark e le 'ngoe, e bolelele ba 1,6 m, e hahiloeng lebopong la Chöshi, e ile ea fumana katse e ntšo e motenya ea Japane e boima ba 590 ka mpeng .. Saruga Bay e nka karolo ea 60% ea "squids" ea lijo, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e fokolang feela Chiroteuthis le Histioteuthisempa hape e matla haholo Onychoteuthis, Sthenoteuthis, le Li-Todarodeho phela leoatleng le bulehileng.

Potso ea hore na motho ea ts'oereng hampe joalo ka shark e tukang a ka tsoma li-squid tse potlakileng ke mohopolo. Ho latela phehisano e 'ngoe, lishaka tse ntšo li ja li lemetse kapa li fokola ka mor'a ho tlohella batho ba bang. Ho latela monahano o mong, ba khumama ebe ba tlolela holimo, joalo ka linoha. Ntle le moo, ba khona ho koala setsi sa gill, ba etsa khatello e mpe kahare ho molomo le ho anya lehlatsipa. Meno a manyane haholo, a bohale ebile a khubile ka hare ho masholu a joaloka shaka, a khona ho hapa squid habonolo, haholo ha mehlahare e ka pele. Ho shebella ha batšoaruoa ba botlamuoeng ho ile ha bontša hore ba sesa ka melomo ea bona. Ho 'nile ha fanoa ka maikutlo a hore bohlale ba meno lefifing bo ka khelosa squid le ho baka tlhaselo.

Sebikoe sa bophelo

Placid shark e tsoaloa ke placental live tsoalo. Lehe le emolisitsoeng le fepa ka ho khetheha lehe, leha phapang e boima pakeng tsa lehe le lesea le sa tsoa hlaha e bontša hore mme, ka tsela e sa tsejoeng, le eena o fa lehe le emong ka limatlafatsi. Ho basali ba baholo, ho na le li-oviducts tse peli tse sebetsang le popelo e le 'ngoe e sebetsang ka ho le letona. Ho hlahisa ha se nako ea tlhaho ka tlhaho, hobane lishaka tsena li phela botebong ba moo liphetoho tse bang teng ka nako ea selemo. Tlhomong ea ka tlasa metsi, e leng karolo ea Mid-Atlantic Ridge, ho ile ha bonoa sekholopane sa lishaka tsa mathe, tse neng li kenyelletsa banna ba 15 le basali ba 19. Literong ho tloha ho masea a mabeli ho isa ho a 15, karolelano ea 6. Libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli, mosali o behela lehe le le leng kahara oviduct ka 'ngoe. Vitellogeneis le nts'etsopele ea mahe a macha nakong ea kemaro e khaotsa, mohlomong ka lebaka la khaello ea sebaka sa mahala kahare ho patsi ea mmele.

Mahe le mahe a emolisitsoeng qalong ea nts'etsopele a kentsoe ka khabaneng e tšesaane e 'mala oa khauta e putsoa. Ka emong e bolelele ba 3 cm, hlooho e supiloe, mehlahare e se e entsoe ka botlalo, li-gill tsa kantle li hlaha le mapetsong ohle a teng. Moimana o ka bang bolelele ba 8 cm o akhela mothapo oa lehe, o tlosoang 'meleng oa mme. Nakong ena, "mahe a emolisitsoeng a thehile" li-gill ka ntle ka botlalo. Boholo ba seiketsi sa yolk se lula se sa fetohe ho fihlela mothapo o hola ho fihla ho 40 cm. E ntan'o qala ho omella ebe e nyamela ka botlalo ha emong e fihla ho cm 50. Ho feta khoeli, "mouoane o hola ka bolelele ba cm 1.5. Ho hlahisa mahe a emolisitsoeng ho tsoela pele nako e telele, mohlomong ho fihlela lilemo tse peli, mme ho ea ka litlaleho tse ling, eseng ka tlase ho lilemo tse 3.5, e leng eona e bitsang shaka e ntšo e leng pele ho paramente ena hara li-vertebrates tsohle. Boholo ba lishaka tse sa tsoa tsoaloa ke 40-60 cm. Tse tona le tse tšehali li fihla bonyenyaneng ka bolelele ba 1-1.2 m le 1,3-1,5 m, ka ho latellana.

Tšebelisano ea batho

Shark e hlooho e ntšo ha e kotsi ho batho. Ha e na boleng ba khoebo ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha eona, empa ka linako tse ling e feta ka mokhoa o ts'oanang mme e sebelisoa e le lijo. Lishaka tsena li lula li tšoasoa ke li-gillnets ho Suruga Bay nakong ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi ka para le mackerel ea bohata. Batšoasi ba litlhapi ba Majapane ba nka lishaka tsena e le likokoanyana hobane li senya matlooa. Ka lekhetlo la pele, ho hlokometsoe ha lishaka tse hlaha ho vivo li entsoe ka tšebeliso ea taolo e hole ea Johnson Sea Link ka la 27 Phato 2004. Ka la 21 Pherekhong 2007, motšoasi oa litlhapi oa Majapane o ile a fumana pherekano e tukang holim 'a metsi, a kula kapa a fokola metsing a futhumetseng. O mo tlisitse le Avashima Marine Park e Shizuoka, empa lihora tse 'maloa hamorao shark e ile ea hlokahala. Mokhatlo oa machaba oa polokeho ea tlholeho o file mofuta ona boemo ba tšoenyeho ea Lehlabula.

Lintlha

1. ↑ Synonyms of Chlamydoselachusgicineus Garman, 1884 lethathamong la lihlahisoa tsa FishBase (E khutlisitsoe ka la 3 Phato 2016).
2. Life Bophelo ba liphoofolo. Buka ea 4. Lancelet. Cyclostomes Litlhapi tsa Cartilaginous. Litlhapi tsa masapo / ed. T. S. Rassa, ch. ed. V. E. Sokolov. - 2nd ed. - M .: Thuto, 1983 .-- S. 26 .-- 575 leq.
3. ↑ Gubanov E.P., Kondyurin V.V., Myagkov N.A. Shark of the World Ocean: Tataiso ea Tataiso. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - S. 45. - 272 leq.
4. ↑Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russian T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. Poleloana ea lipuo tse peli ka mabitso a liphoofolo. Litlhapi. Latin, Russian, Senyesemane, Sejeremane, Sefora. / E hlophisitsoe ke Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 18 - likopi tse 12 500. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
5. ↑ 123456 Bophelo ba Liphoofolo: ho li-volumes tse 6 / N. A. Gladkov, A. V. Mikheev. - Moscow: Ho senoloa, 1970.
6. ↑ 12345Chlamydoselachusgicineus (eng.). Lenane le Lefubelu la IUCN la Mefuta e Tletseng e Kotsi.
7. ↑Chlamydoselachusgicineus (Senyesemane) ho database ea FishBase.
8. ↑ 1234Garman, S.Shark e sa tloaelehang // Moqolotsi oa Setsi sa Essex. - 1884. - Che. 16. - S. 47-55.
9. ↑Garman S. Shark e sa tloaelehang // Ts'ebetso ea Mokhatlo oa Imperial oa barati ba saense, anthropology le ethnography. - 1884. - Che. 16. - S. 47-55.
10. ↑ 12345678Ebert D. A., Compagno L. J. V.Chlamydoselachus africana, mofuta o mocha oa shark e halikiloeng ho tsoa Afrika e ka boroa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae) (Eng.) // Zootaxa. - 2001. - Moq. 2173. - P. 1-18.
11. ↑ 123Martin, R.A.Leoatle le tebileng: Shark e hlabiloeng. Setsi sa ReefQuest sa Patlisiso ea Shark.(ha e hlalosoe) . Letsatsi la kalafo ka la 29 Hlakubele 2012.E bolokiloe ka la 5 Pherekhong 2013.
12. ↑Ho qetela, P.R., Stevens, J.D. Shark le Rays of Australia. - (bobeli ed.). - Harvard University Press, 2009. - P. 34-35. - ISBN 0674034112.
13. ↑ 123Aidan martin rOrder Chlamydoselachiformes. elasmo-research.org. Letsatsi la boipiletso la la 16 Mphalane, 2012.E bolokiloe ka la 18 Mphalane 2012.
14. ↑ 1234Compagno, Leonard J.V.1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes // Mofuta oa mefuta ea FAO. - Roma: Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo oa Machaba a Kopaneng, 1984. - Moq. 4. Shark of the World: K'hathaluku e sa Tsejoeng le e Bontšitsoeng ea Mefuta ea Shark e Tsejoang ho fihlela Kajeno. - Mph. 13: 13. - ISBN 92-5-101384-5.
15. ↑ 12345Ebert, D.A. Shark, Rays, le Chimaera ea California. - California: University of California Press, 2003. - P. 50-52. - ISBN 0520234847.
16. ↑ 12Jenner, J.Setsi sa Hauo: Mohau, Lintho tsa Sebele le "Bubba" 2004(ha e hlalosoe) . NOAA Ocean Explorer .. Letsatsi la kalafo ka la 29 Hlakubele 2012.E bolokiloe ka la 5 Pherekhong 2013.
17. ↑ 12E. I. Kukuev, V. P. Pavlov.Nyeoe ea pele ea ho tšoasoa ha litlhapi tse ngata tse sa tloaelehang tsa shaka e bitsoang Chlamydoselachus painineus e fetang palo ea Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Eng.) // Journal of Ichthyology. - 2008-09-30. - Moq. 48, ho fana. 8. - P. 676-678. - ISSN0032-9452. - doi: 10.1134 / S0032945208080158.
18. ↑Froese, Rainer le Daniel Pauly, eds. (2010). "Chlamydoselachus painineus" ho FishBase. Mofuta oa April 2010.
19. ↑ 1234Kubota, T., Shiobara, Y. le Kubodera, T. Tloaelo ea lijo tsa shaka e halikiloeng ea shaka ea Chlamydoselachus e bokelletsoeng ho tsoa Suruga bay, bohareng ba Japane // Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. - 1991. - T. 57, Che. (1). - S. 15-20.
20. ↑ 1234567Tanaka, S., Shiobara, Y., Hioki, S., Abe, H., Nishi, G., Yano, K. le Suzuki, K. Baiji ba tsoalo ea shaka e lutlitsoeng, Chlamydoselachus painineus, e tsoang Suruga Bay, Japan // Japane Journal of Ichthyology. - 1990. - T. 37, Che. (3). - S. 273-291.
21. ↑Martin, R.A.Leoatle le tebileng: Shark e hlabiloeng(ha e hlalosoe) . Setsi sa ReefQuest sa Patlisiso ea Shark .. Letsatsi la kalafo ka la 30 Hlakubele 2012.E bolokiloe ka la 5 Pherekhong 2013.
22. ↑Martin, R.A.Ho utloa le ho ts'oaroa ha letsoalo(ha e hlalosoe) . Setsi sa ReefQuest sa Patlisiso ea Shark .. Letsatsi la kalafo ka la 30 Hlakubele 2012.E bolokiloe ka la 5 Pherekhong 2013.
23. ↑Collett, R. Ho Chlamydoselacnusgicineus garman. Shark e makatsang e fumanoeng Norway 1896 // Christiania. - 1987. - Che. 11. - S. 1-17.
24. ↑Machida, M., Ogawa, K. le Okiyama, M. Nematode e ncha (Spirurida, Physalopteridae) ho tsoa ho shark ea furu ea Japane // Bulletin ea National Science Museum Series A (Zoology). - 1982. - T. 8, Che. (1). - S. 1-5.
25. ↑Moss, S. Ho fepa Mechanisms ka Shark (Senyesemane) // American Zoologist. - Press ea Oxford University, 1977. - Moq. 17, che. (2). - P. 355-364.
26. ↑Nishikawa, T. Lintlha tse mabapi le mahe a mang a Chlamydoselachus painineus, Garm // Annotationes Zoologicae Japonense. - 1898. - Che. - S. 95-102.
27. Sebaka sa Marine sa Japane se hapa Rare 'Living Fossil' e Shiloeng, Litšoantšo tsa mofuta o felletseng oa 'Live Rare'(ha e hlalosoe) . Underwatertimes.com. La 24 Pherekhong 2007. Letsatsi la kalafo ka la 30 Hlakubele 2012.

Likarabo

Fumio Nakagawa. Chlamydoselachusgicineus Garman, 1884 (Senyesemane) (sehokela se fumanehang). J-elasmo (La 30 Mmesa 2012). - lifoto tsa meno, sekala sa placoid le shaka eohle ea laconic. Letsatsi la boipiletso la la 16 Mphalane, 2012.E ngotsoe ka la 23 Mphalane, 2012.

Deynega V. A., Ho ea tsebong ea anatomy Chlamydoselachusgicineus, garm / [Op.] V.A. Deynegi. 1-. - Moscow: mofuta. Imp. Mosk. Univ., 1909 - 26. - - (Proceedings of the Comparative Anatomical Institute of Imperial University of Moscow / Ed. Ka M.A. Menzbir, Taba 7). Skeleton. - 1909. -, 66 leq., 4 leq. silika.