Li-Beetles (Coleoptera) ha ea ka ea ba sehlopha se seholo feela har'a libopuoa tse phelang (ho na le mefuta e ka bang likete tse 300), empa hape le tsona tse loantšang likoluoa tsa tlhaho - nalaneng eohle ea malapa ke karoloana e nyane feela ea malapa a eona e ileng ea shoa.
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae
Liphetho tsa thuto e ncha li hlahisitsoe koranteng ea Proceedings of the Royal Society B, ho tlaleha Lenta.ru.
Hangata litsebi tsa likokoana-hloko li ne li ela hloko ho nahanoa (ho hlaha ha mefuta e mecha) mme ba lebala hore ho timela ha ho bohlokoa le ho feta ho utloisisa nalane ea liphoofolo, sengoloang sa phatlalatso. Ka lebaka lena, paleontologist Dena smith ho tsoa ho Museum of Natural History Univesithing ea Colado le basebetsi-mmoho le eena ba ile ba hlahloba masalla a likokoana-hloko tse fetang 5 500 tse emelang nalane eohle ea phumano (ho tloha nakong ea Permian - lilemo tse limilione tse 284 tse fetileng) mme a bokelloa ho potoloha lefatše.
Ho ile ha fumaneha hore makholo a limilione a lilemo ke malapa a likokoanyana a 35 ho 214 feela a ileng a hlokahala. Ho feta moo, ka har'a semela se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa maleshoane (Polyphaga, karolo ea 90 ea mefuta e tsejoang), ho ne ho se na malapa a timelehileng ho hang - a pholohile ho timela ka bobeli ke Permian-Triassic le Cretaceous-Paleogene. (nakong ea li-dinosaurs tsa ho qetela li nyametse).
Le ha lihlopha tse ling tsa likokoanyana li ka hanana le ho felisoa ka bongata, har'a mabaka a ho tiisa botsitso, Smith o fana ka bokhoni ba ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo a fapaneng, hammoho le phetoho ea lijo tsa bona: Likokoanyana li ja limela, algae le liphoofolo tse ling.
Likarabo
Palo ea likokoanyana e kholo haholo ho feta palo ea lintho tse ling tse phelang polaneteng ea Lefatše, 'me likokoanyana lia ata har'a likokoanyana. Hoo e ka bang 'ngoe ho tse' ne tsa mefuta e tsejoang lefatšeng ke likokoana-hloko, ka hona lefatše le ka bitsoa "polanete ea likokoanyana."
Nakong ea ho iphetola ha lintho, likokoanyana li ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho. Linonyana ke libōpuoa tse phelang tse tenang ka ho fetisisa historing ea polanete ea rona.
Mohlala, nalaneng eohle ea khopolo ea ho iphetola ha lintho, ha ho le ea mong oa malapa a likokoanyana tse fapaneng, li-suborder tsa bona tse ngata, a ileng a nyamela.
Li khona ho ja eng kapa eng, ho tloha ka bolelele ho isa ho liphoofolo tse nyane, li tloaelane le boemo ba leholimo bo bong le bo bong mme li ka tsamaea ka potlako haholo.
Ntle le moo, nts'etsopele ea bona ka phetoho e felletseng (lehe, larva, pupa, motho e moholo) e u lumella ho qapa mekhoa e mengata ea ho phela.