Ringed seal, kapa akiba (Phoca hispida) - mofuta oa litiiso tsa 'nete tse atisang ho fumanoa Arctic: ho latela likhakanyo tsa bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho na le litiiso tse ka bang limilione tse 4. Tiiso ena e na le lebitso la eona ka lebaka la sebopeho se holim 'a boea, se nang le masale a mangata a bobebe lefapheng le lefifi. Akiba e pharalletse maoatleng a Leoatle la Arctic ho tloha Barents le White ka bophirima ho ea Leoatleng la Bering ka bochabela, e lula Leoatleng la Okhotsk le Baltic, Tatar Strait, Gulf of Finland le Letša la Ladoga, ka linako tse ling e nyoloha le Neva ho ea St. Petersburg. Nerpa e lula sebakeng se lebopong la leoatle le leoatleng le bulehileng, empa hangata e lula e le litselaneng, litselaneng le linakong tsa metsi. Mofuta ona ha o etse ho falla ho hoholo khafetsa. Mariha, tiiso e lula leqhoeng.
Ponahalo ea tiiso e nang le likhoele
Boholo ba tiiso e nang le methapo, e fumanehang lebopong la Arctic, e nyane - e hola ho fihla ho 1,4 mitha ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 70.
Ho lumeloa hore tiiso e nang le likhoele ke e 'ngoe ea litiiso tse nyane haholo. Kholo ea phoofolo e emisa hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 10. Tse tšehali hangata li nyane ho feta tse tona. 'Mele oa phoofolo e lulang ka metsing o pota-potile ebile o boreleli, e leng se etsang hore o shebahale o le mokhuts'oane.
Hlooho e nyane e batla e kenella 'meleng hang-hang, kaha molala o monyane haholo ebile o boreleli. Sebata se joalo se shebahala joalo ka bolo e phahamenghali e thellang lehloeng.
Moqomo oa tiiso e nang le likhoele o na le sebopeho se sephara, 'me masale a bobebe a feta hara' mele oohle o lefifi, o batlang o le motšo. Karolo ena ea ho kuta moriri o mokhuts'oane le o thata ebile e file lebitso la mefuta. Mpa ea tiiso e tšoeu, leha ho le joalo, batho ba nang le mpa e botala ka linako tse ling ba fumanoa. Ha ho na mehele e ikhethang ka 'mala oa peritoneum le makhopho.
E tšehali e etsa sehlaha ka kotloloho ho tloha lehloa e le hore e bonahale.
Tiiso e nang le likhoele e na le mahlo a matle, ho utloa hantle le ho fofonela. Ka lebaka la sekhahla se nang le mafura a mangata, phoofolo ena e khona ho lula metsing a batang kamehla.
Ringed seal boits'oaro le phepo e nepahetseng
Ringed seal, kapa ka mantsoe a mang - akiba, e rata ho phela moo ho thellisang leqhoa le phaphametseng ka bongata. Ka hona, libaka tse se sieo, liphoofolo li feta ka tsela. Boitšoaro bona bo hlalosoa ke 'nete ea hore bakeng sa ho tsoalisa le ho holisa bana u hloka leqhoa le tšoarellang le masoba (masoba) ho tsona le lits'oants'o tseo liphoofolo tse ka phefumolohang ka tsona.
Ringed seal ke sebatana.
Litiiso li iphepa ka lihlopha tse peli tsa liphoofolo - lihlapi le li-crustaceans. Ka leoatleng la Kara le Barents, tiiso e tsoma polasetiki ea polar, navaga, capelin le herring. Bakeng sa crustaceans, tiiso e rata shrimp, e mahlo-mafubelu le amphipods. Leoatleng le futhumetseng la Baltic, lijo tsa litiiso tse nang le likotlo lia tlatsoa, herring, li-gobies le cod.
Ho hlahisa le ho phela nako e telele
Litiiso tse nang le likhoele tsa basali li tlisa malinyane a tsona a le lilemo li 6 ho isa ho tse7, ebe li kena lilemong tsa bo6 ho isa ho tse 6. Litiiso tse nyane li tsoaloa ho tloha bohareng ba Mphalane ho isa bohareng ba Mphalane.
Lesea le thata le tiileng le apere kobo e tšoeu e tšoeu ka lekhetlo la pele.
Nako ea kemaro e ka ba likhoeli tse 11, ho kenyelletsa le nako ea ho intša (likhoeli tse 2-3). Khoele e nang le likhoele tsa basali e na le litšila tse le ngoe ka har'a litšila, tse boima ba ho fihlela ho 4 kg, le bolelele bo fetang halofo ea mithara. Lesea le hlaha ka kobo e tšoeu e bosoeu ba lehloa, e lulang ho eona libeke tse peli. Ebe mmala oa boea oa fetoha o fifala, 'me kamora likhoeli tse ka bang 1,5, tiiso ea masea le eona e shebahala e le motho e moholo.
Tiiso ea basali holim'a leqhoa le tiileng le emeng le leqhoeng le etsa lejoe la lehloa, le sa bonahaleng ho tloha ka ntle. Monyaluoa o monyane oa hlaha 'me o lula moo. E tšehali e fepa konyana ka lebese khoeli e le 'ngoe.
Mariha, boima ba tiiso e nyane bo fihla ho 12 kg, mme bolelele ke 60 cm.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.
Tlhaloso
Li-Akib ke liqibi tse nyane ho tloha ho ea bohlooho ho isa boputsoa. Hangata limpa tsa bona li moriri o moputsoa, 'me mokokotlo oa bona o lefifi' me o na le mekete e bonoang ea mehele e menyenyane, ka lebaka leo ba e fumaneng lebitso.
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'Mele o teteaneng, o mokhuts'oane ka koae ka moriri o lerootho. Hlooho e nyane, molala ha o telele.
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Li na le meqhaka e meholo e nang le botenya bo fetang cm 2,5, ka lebaka leo ba thehileng masoba leqhoeng. Joalokaha u tseba, masoba a joalo a ka fihla botebo ba limithara tse peli.
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Liphoofolo tse kholo li fihla bolelele ba 1,1 ho isa ho 1,6 m le boima ba li-kilos 50-100. Joalo ka litiiso tsohle tse ka leboea, boima ba tsona ba 'mele bo fapana haholo ho latela nako ea selemo. Litiiso tse nang le litšepe ke tsona tse nonneng hoetla le hoetla ho feta bofelong ba selemo - qalong ea lehlabula, kamora nako ea ho ikatisa le ho qhibiliha hoa selemo le selemo. Tse tona li tse nyane ho feta tse tšehali, 'me nakong ea selemo, tse tona li shebahala li le lefifi ho feta tse tšehali ka lebaka la ho pepeseha hoa mahe a matsoele ka har'a muzzle. Ka linako tse ling tsa selemo, ho thata ho li khetholla. Ha a hlaha, malinyane a na le bolelele ba 60 cm 'me a boima ba ligrama tse 4,5. Li koahetsoe ka boea bo botala bo bobebe, bo bobebe ka mpeng 'me bo lefifi ka morao. Meetso ea Fur e bopa le lilemo.
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Ka lebaka la pono e tsoetseng pele hantle, ho fofonela le ho utloa, liqibi ke litsomi tse ntle haholo.
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Phepo e nepahetseng
Ntle le nako ea ho ikatisa le ho qhibiliha, ho abjoa ha litiiso tse nang le litšepe ho lokisoa ke ho fumaneha ha lijo. Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa lijo tsa bona, mme, leha ho bile le phapang e kholo ea tikoloho, ba totobatsa mekhoa e akaretsang.
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Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa liphoofolo tsena ke tlhapi, e nang le tšobotsi ea sebaka se itseng. Ha e le molao, ha ho na bahlaseluoa ba fetang 10-15 ba nang le mefuta e meholo ea 2-4 ba fumanoang tšimong ea pono ea litiiso. Ba khetha lijo tse nyane ka boholo - ho fihlela li 15 cm ka bolelele, le bolelele ba 6 cm.
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E fepa litlhapi khafetsa ho feta li-invertebrates, empa khetho hangata e latela selemo le boleng ba matla a phofu.
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Ka tloaelo, lijo tse nang le ranged seal li kenyelletsa cod e nang le phepo e nepahetseng, perch, herring le capelin, tse nang le metsi a mangata a leoatle le ka leboea.
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Ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tse sa invertebrate, kamoo ho hlakileng, e ea sebetsa lehlabula, 'me e atile lijong tsa mehlape e menyenyane.
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Lira
Ntle le hore motho o senya tiiso e nang le likhoele bakeng sa boea, mafura le nama, sebata sena se na le lira tse lekaneng har'a ba jang karolo ea Arctic. Sebakeng sa pele ke bere e polar Mona. Clubfoot o rata ho emela phofu ea hae pela seboko. Hang ha nko ea phoofolo e hlaha ho tsoa ka metsing ho khutlisetsa phepelo ea moea, leqhubu la bere e otla hlooho ea hae. Mohlaseli o hula tiiso e makatsang ka leqeng, oa e qeta ebe oa e ja. Litsuoa tsa Arctic le tsona ke kotsi e kholo. Ba na le mohopolo o batsi oa ho nkha, ho potlaka le ho soetseha. Ke litsomi tse hloahloa, 'me ho thata haholo ho qoba meno a tsona a bohale.
Li-Orcas le tsona li etsa tlhahiso ea tsona ea mali litabeng tsa bofebe. Linonyana tsena tse matla tse sutumetsang li sesa ka tlas'a leqhoa le thellang leoatleng le leng ho lona, 'me le li otla ka mebele ea tsona e meholo ebile e boima. Leqhoa le phaphatha kapa le fetoha. Liphoofolo tse malimabe li iphumana li le ka metsing 'me hang-hang li oela melomong e bulehileng ea tutulu. Li-walruse le tsona li kotsi ho litiiso. Har'a bona ho na le batho ba mabifi ba jang nama ka cheseho ba jang liphoofolo tsena tse phetseng hantle.
Ponahalo le phepo e nepahetseng
Nerpa - e 'ngoe ea litiiso tse nyane haholo: bolelele ba' mele oa batho ba baholo li fihla ho 1.5 m, boima ba 40-80 kg, Litekanyetso tsa Baltic le tsona li kholo le ho feta - 140 cm le 100 kg. Tse tona, e le molao, li batla li le kholo ho feta tse tšehali. 'Mele oa tiiso o mokhuts'oane ebile o motenya, hlooho ea hae e nyane, sefahleho sa eona se bopehile hanyane,' me molala o khuts'oane haholo ebile o teteane hoo ekang eka o tsamaile ka botlalo. Akiba o na le mahlo a matle, ho utloa le ho fofonela, e thusang phoofolo ho fumana lijo le ho ipata nakong e tlang ho libatana. Liqibi li iphepa ka li-crustaceans, mollusks le tlhapi (giny goby, greenland goby, pike, navaga, salmon, salmon).
Mokhoa oa bophelo
Litiiso tse thata ha ho mohla li etsa likolone. Hangata, ba lula ba le bang, le ha ka linako tse ling ba bokana ka lihlopha tse nyane, empa leha ho le joalo, ha li tsitsitseng haholo. Ba qetile selemo kaofela ba le leoatleng, moo 'mele ea bona e ikamahanyang le maemo haholo.
Lehlabula litiiso tse nang le likhoele boholo ba eona e bolokiloe metsing a lebopong 'me ka linako tse ling e ba le li-depositi tse nyane holim' a majoe kapa liphokojoe. Ka hoetla, ha leoatle le ntse le tsikinyeha, liphoofolo tse ngata li tloha sebakeng se lebopong ho ea leoatleng ebe li lula leqhoeng. Karolo e nyane ea liphoofolo e sala e le mariha pela lebopo 'me e lula e le litselaneng. Maemong ana, esita le qalong ea ho bata ha leoatle, tiiso e etsa masoba ka leqeng le lecha - likoti, tseo ka tsona e tlohang metsing. Ho na le masoba a boholo bo nyane, a sebelisoang ho phefumoloha ka tsona. Khafetsa, lesoba la lesoba le huleloa ke lehloa le teteaneng, moo tiiso e etsang lesoba ntle le kantle ho kantle. Sebakeng se bonolo joalo, o phomola, a sa bonahale ho lira, haholo-holo libere. Lintho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tiiso li bonoa nakong ea selemo ka ho thellisa leqhoa nakong ea malinyane, ho qhibiliha le ho kopanya. Hona ke tšobotsi e ikhethang ea maoatle a Bochabela bo Holimo, moo ka letsatsi le le leng la ho sesa ka leqeng u ka bona makholo a mangata, 'me ka linako tse ling liphoofolo tse likete. Khafetsa, litiiso li robala ka lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse 10-20, empa ho na le lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse makholo kapa ho feta.
Palo
Lintlha tse fumanehang tsa litiiso tse nang le mekotla li ile tsa bokelloa le ho hlahlojoa e le karolo ea Lethathamo le Lefubelu la IUCN la 2016 bakeng sa subspecies tse hlano tse amoheloang. Khakanyo ea palo ea batho ba baholo le mekhoa ea baahi bakeng sa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lits'oants'o tsena e bile tse latelang:
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- Arctic ringed seal - 1 450 000, mokhoa ona ha o tsejoe,
- Okhotsk ringed seal - 44 000, ha e tsejoe
- Baltic ringed seal - 11 500, keketseho ea baahi,
- Ladoga - 3000-4500, boemo bo holimo,
- Saimaa - 135 - 190, keketseho ea li-subspecies.
Ka lebaka la sekhahla se seholo sa libaka, ho thata ho fumana palo ea li-subspecies tsa Arctic le Okhotsk. Ho supa lintlha tse ngata, joalo ka libaka tse kholo tsa bolulo tsa lihlapi, palo e sa lekanyetsoang ea libaka tse hlahlojoang, kamano e sa tsejoeng pakeng tsa batho ba shebiloeng le ba sa elelloeng, ha e lumelle bafuputsi ho tseba palo e nepahetseng.
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Leha ho le joalo, lipalo tse kaholimo li bonts'a hore palo ea batho ba holileng tsebong e feta limilione tse 1.5, mme palo yohle ea baahi e feta limilione tse tharo.
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Tšireletseho
Ntle le libere tsa polar, tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litiiso tse nang le mekotla, liphoofolo tsena hangata li hlaseloa ke li-walruse, liphiri, liphokojoe, liphokojoe le makhoaba a maholo a hlaselang malinyane.
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Leha ho le joalo, e ne e se taolo ea tlhaho ea palo ea baahi e lebisitseng ho kenyelelitsoeng ha litiiso tse nang le likhoele ho Buka e Khubelu, empa ntho ea motho. Taba ke hore, ho sa tsotelehe mehato eohle ea ts'ireletso, batho ba bangata ba leboea ho tla fihlela kajeno ba tsoela pele ho tsoma liqibi, e le mohloli oa nama le letlalo la bohlokoa.
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Ka kakaretso, leha ho na le mananeo a fapakaneng, ha ho pokello e le 'ngoe e kentsoeng morafong, moo likepe tse nang le mekotla li ka eketsang baahi ba tsona ka bolokolohi.