Har'a libopuoa tse ntseng li phela, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang ke homoothermal (ntle le likhoto tsa limousine tse hlobotseng). Ntle le moo, ka la 15 Mots'eanong 2015, ho ile ha fumanoa tlhapi ea pele e nang le mali e futhumetseng ka ho fetesisa, eo bo-rasaense ba tsoang ho National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ea United States ba ileng ba e sibolla. Potso ea hore na li-pterosaurs le li-dinosaurs ke tsa liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng e boetse e ka qojoa, le ha ho le joalo bafuputsi morao tjena ba rata tšollo ea mali a mofuthu, 'me lipuisano li se li ntse li le mabapi le hore na ke mefuta efe e neng e le mali-a futhumetseng le e neng e se eona. Ha ho na leseli la ho qetela la hore na li-dinosaurs li na le mofuta ofe oa mamello, empa tlhaiso-leseling e re lumellang ho fihlela qeto ea hore li-dinosaurs tse kholo li ne li na le bonyane bohloeki ba bohlasoa.

Kajeno, bafuputsi ba bangata ba lumela hore mmusong oa bona oa metabolic, li-dinosaurs ha li nke feela boemo bo pakeng pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse "mali-a futhumetseng" le "mali a nang le moea o batang", empa ka ho fapana li ne li fapane ka bobeli. Ho shebella mefuta e meholo ea sejoale-joale e bontšitse hore haeba phoofolo e na le mmele o fokotsehileng o fetang 1 m (e leng, hoo e batlang e le li-dinosaurs tsohle li ne li le joalo), ka seemo sa leholimo se futhumetseng (se futhumetseng) se nang le mocheso o tlase oa mocheso oa letsatsi le letsatsi, se khona ho boloka mocheso o sa feleng oa 'mele kaholimo. 30 ° C: Bophahamo ba metsi a mocheso (ao 'mele o nang le ona 85%) a le maholo hoo a se nang nako ea ho pholile bosiu. Taba ea mantlha ke hore mocheso ona o phahameng oa 'mele o netefatsoa feela ka lebaka la mocheso o tsoang kantle, ntle le ho kenella ho metabolism ea bona (eo liphoofolo tse anyesang li lokelang ho sebelisa 90% ea lijo tseo ba li jang). Kahoo, phoofolo e nang le boholo bo tloaelehileng ba li-dinosaurs e ka khona ho fihlela tekanyo e lekanang ea taolo ea mocheso joalo ka liphoofolo tse anyesang, ha e ntse e boloka tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea phetisetso ea metabolism, ketsahalo ena J. Hotton (1980) e bitsoang inertial homeothermia. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, ke hantle e neng e le inoyial Homoyothermy (e kopantsoeng le bipedality) e entseng hore li-dinosaurs e be marena a tlhaho ea Mesozoic.

Thutong e ncha, bo-rasaense ba Canada le ba Brazil ba kanna ba fumana leseli la sephiri sena sa ho iphetola ha lintho. Sehlopha se etelletsoeng pele ke Glenn Tattersall oa Univesithi ea Brock se fumane hore tagu e ntšo le e tšoeu ea Argentina (Salvator merianae) e na le mali a mofuthu nakong ea selemo. Lekholu lena, le ka bang bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 150, le lula Amerika Boroa e ngata ebile le tsebahala ho litsebi tsa baeloji. Boholo ba selemo, joalo ka lihahabi tse ling tse ngata, borashe ba tegue leseling motšehare, 'me bosiu ba ipata ka mekoting ebe ba pholile. Leha ho le joalo, bo-rasaense ba sebelisang li-sensor le likamore tsa mocheso ba fumane hore nakong ea nako ea ho tsoala, ho tloha ka Loetse ho fihlela ka December, ka lihora tsa hoseng, sekhahla sa moea le phello ea phoofolo e eketseha, 'me thempereichara ea bona ea phahama, e phahame ho feta mocheso o ka sekoting ka likhato tse leshome Celsius. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore mekholutsoane ea Amerika Boroa ke kamano e lipakeng tsa liphoofolo tse mali tse futhumetseng le tse mali a futhumetseng. Keketseho ea mocheso oa 'mele nakong ea ho ikatisa e eketsa tšebetso ea bona ha e batla molekane, e potlakisa nts'etsopele ea mahe mme e u lumella ho hlokomela bana haholo. Ntle le moo, mohlala, turtleback ea letlalo, ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa mesifa, mokelikeli oa mafura le mafura a maholo, e boloka mocheso oa 'mele o phahame ho feta mocheso oa metsi a haufi. Mekholutsoane e meholo ea ho shebella e boetse e futhumala nakong ea ho tsoma kapa ho sisinyeha ho mafolofolo. Linoha tse kholo tse kang li-pythons le boas li ka eketsa mocheso oa 'mele ka ho khohlela ka lesakaneng le ka mesifa ea mokokotlo, sena se sebelisetsoa ho futhumatsa le ho hokela mahe.

Mefuta ea homeothermia

Khetholla 'nete le inertial homeothermy

• Mme wa nnete wa lapeng e etsahala ha sebopuoa se phelang se na le tekanyo e lekaneng ea metabolism ho boloka mocheso o sa feleng oa 'mele ka lebaka la tlhahiso e ikemetseng ea matla a tsoang lijong tse feliloeng. Linonyana tsa kajeno le liphoofolo tse anyesang ke lintho tsa tlhaho tse tsoang lapeng. Ntle le bokhoni bo lekaneng ba matla, ba boetse ba na le mekhoa e fapaneng e etselitsoeng ho boloka mocheso (masiba, boea, mokokotlo oa lithane tsa adipose) le ho itšireletsa khahlanong le ho futhumala ha mocheso o holimo (ambang). Bothata ba mochine ona ke hore ho hlokahala matla a mangata ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele, ka hona tlhoko ea lijo e phahame ho feta maemong a mang ohle.
• Homoyothermy - sena ke ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele o sa khaotseng ka lebaka la boholo bo boholo le boima bo boholo ba' mele, hammoho le boits'oaro bo itseng (mohlala, baske ka letsatsi, pholile ka metsing). Ho sebetsa hantle ha mochine oa inotherate oa endothermia ho latela boholo ba matla a mocheso (o nolofalitsoeng - boima) le phallo ea mocheso bohareng ba mmele (ka lebaka leo) mochini ona o ka bonoang ka ho hlaka mefuteng e meholo feela. Sebopuoa se kenang hare sa mocheso se futhumala butle-butle nakong ea mocheso, 'me se pholile butle nakong ea pholile, ka mantsoe a mang, ka lebaka la bophahamo bo phahameng ba mocheso, mocheso oa mocheso oa' mele oa kokobela. Bothata ba Homoyothermy ea inertial ke hore ho ka etsahala feela ka mofuta o itseng oa boemo ba leholimo - ha mocheso o tloaelehileng o lekanang le mocheso o lakatsehang oa mmele mme ha ho na nako e telele ea ho futhumala kapa ho futhumala ho matla. Bakeng sa melemo, tlhoko e nyane ea lijo e lokela ho totobatsoa ka boemo bo phahameng ba ts'ebetso. Mohlala o tsebahalang oa homeothermia ea lapeng ke koena. Letlalo la mokokotlo le koahetsoe ka lithebe tse nang le mahlakore a mane a katiloeng, tse hlophisitsoeng ka mela e tloaelehileng mokokotlong le ka mpeng, tlasa tsona ka har'a dorsal le tlase hangata ka mpeng ea osteoderms e nts'etsapele, e etsa khetla. Nakong ea motšehare, li-osteoderm li bokella mocheso o tlang le khanya ea letsatsi. Ka lebaka la sena, mocheso oa 'mele oa koena e kholo motšehare o ka fetoha kahare ho ntlha e le' ngoe kapa tse peli feela. Hammoho le likoena, naha e haufi le homeothermia e ka bonoang e le makhoaba a maholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le leoatleng, hammoho le mekholutsoane ea Komodo, liphiramide tse kholo le boas.

Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

Liphoofolo tse homoothermal (likokoana-hloko tse futhumetseng tse nang le mali) ke liphoofolo tseo mocheso oa tsona o atisang ho ba tlase kapa, joalo ka molao, ha lia itšetleha ka mocheso o teng. Tsena li kenyeletsa liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana, moo ho futhumala ha mocheso ho amanang le tekanyo e phahameng ea metabolic ha e bapisoa le lintho tse phelang tsa poikilothermic. Ntle le moo, ba na le mokelikeli o chesang oa mocheso (plumage, boea, mafura). Mocheso oa bona o phahame haholo: ho liphoofolo tse anyesang ke 36-37 ° С, 'me linonyana ha li phomole li fihla ho 40-41 ° С.

LIPHOOFOLO TSE LIPOTSO TSE LI BOTLANG - [c. poikilos motley, mofuthu o fapaneng + oa mofuthu oa mocheso, mocheso] - liphoofolo tse nang le mali a batang, liphoofolo tse nang le mocheso o sa tsitsang oa 'mele tse fapaneng ho latela mocheso o hlahang, tsena li kenyelletsa li-invertebrates tsohle, hammoho le litlhapi, liphoofolo tse holimo, lihahabi le liphoofolo tse anyesang ka bomong (cf. liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. )

Nakong ea ho iphetola ha lintho, liphoofolo tse hlasimolohileng li ile tsa ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho itšireletsa mochesong (ho falla, hibernation, boea, jj.).

Re se re ntse re tseba hore liphoofolo tse hlasimollang li ka boloka mocheso oa 'mele maemong a batang haholo ho feta liphoofolo tse tlisoang ke poikilothermal (bona setšoantšo sa 3), leha ho le joalo, ka bobeli ba shoa ka mocheso o mongata haholo kapa o tlase haholo (maemong a pele, ka lebaka la ho phatloha hoa protheine, 'me ea bobeli - ka lebaka la ho bata ha metsi a kenang ka hare ho eona ka ho theha likristale tsa leqhoa). Empa ho fihlela sena se etsahala, ho fihlela mocheso o fihlela litekanyetso tse boima, 'mele o loanela ho e boloka e le maemong a tloaelehileng kapa bonyane haufi le e tloaelehileng. Ka tlhaho, sena ke sebopeho se felletseng sa likokoana-hloko tsa homeothermic tse nang le thermoregulation, tse khonang ho ntlafatsa kapa ho fokolisa tlhahiso ea mocheso le phetisetso ea mocheso ho latela maemo. Phetisetso ea mocheso ke ts'ebetso e hlakileng ea 'mele, e etsahala maemong a setho le lihlahisoa tsa' mele, 'me tlhahiso ea mocheso e ipapisitse le mochine oa' mele, oa lik'hemik'hale le oa molek'hule. Pele ho tsohle, ke ho futhumala, ho thothomela ho batang, i.e., li-contraction tse nyane tsa mesifa ea marapo e nang le coeff lekaneng e tlase le tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea mocheso. 'Mele o qala mochine ona ka boiketsetso, o hlanya. Matla a eona a ka matlafatsoa ke ts'ebetso ea mesifa ea boithaopo e sebetsang, e ntlafatsang le ho futhumatsa mocheso. Ha ho na kotsi hore e le hore re futhumale, re fetohela mokhatlong o mong.

Mocheso oa 'mele. Liphoofolo tse tsoang lapeng ha li fuoe mocheso feela ka lebaka la tlhahiso ea tsona ea mocheso, empa hape li khona ho laola tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea ona ka mafolofolo. Ka lebaka lena, ba tšoauoa ka mocheso o phahameng le o tsitsitseng oa 'mele. Ho linonyana, mocheso o tebileng oa 'mele o tloaetse ho ba ka tlase ho 41 ° C ka ho feto-fetoha hoa maemo ha mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha ho 38 ho isa ho 43,5 ° C (data bakeng sa 400 vvd). Tlas'a maemo a phomolo e felletseng (metabolism ea mantlha), liphapang tsena li lokisitsoe ka mokhoa o itseng, ho tloha ho 39,5 ho isa ho 43.0 ° С. Boemong ba sebopeho sa setho se le seng, mocheso oa 'mele o bonts'a boemo bo phahameng ba botsitso: boholo ba liphetoho tsa eona tsa letsatsi le letsatsi hangata ha bo felle ho 2-4 ° C,' me phetoho ena ha e amane le mocheso oa moea, empa e bontša rtm ea metabolism. Leha e le ka mefuta ea Arctic le Antarctic, maemong a batang a mocheso ho isa ho 20-50 ° С, mocheso oa 'mele oa fetoha kahare ho 2-5 ° С.

Ts'ebetso ea phetoho liphoofolong tse amanang le mocheso e lebisitse ho ponahalo ea liphoofolo tsa poikilothermic le tsa maqhubu. Bongata ba liphoofolo bo bongata haholo, ke hore mocheso oa 'mele ea tsona o fetoha le mocheso oa tikoloho: li-amphibians, lihahabi, likokoanyana, joalo-joalo. Karolo e nyane haholo ea liphoofolo ke li-homoyothermic, ke hore, li na le mocheso o sa feleng oa' mele, o ikemetseng ka mocheso. Tikoloho ea ka ntle: liphoofolo tse anyesang (ho kenyelletsa le batho) tse nang le mocheso oa mmele oa 36-37 ° С, le linonyana tse nang le mocheso oa mmele oa 40 ° С.

Boikoetliso ba 'mele ba phoofolo ea lapeng ho bata.

Empa ke "mali a futhumetseng" a 'nete feela, liphoofolo tsa lapeng - linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang - tse ka bolokang mocheso o phahameng oa' mele o nang le liphetoho tse kholo mocheso o haufi. Li na le mekhoa e metle ea tsamaiso ea methapo le ea lihormone e sebetsang, e sa kenyeng feela mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa mocheso (ka ho fetoha ha phallo ea mali, ho phefumoloha, ho fufuleloa le ho chesa hoa moriri), empa hape le liphetoho boits'ebetsong ba li-oxidative le tlhahiso ea mocheso kahare ho mmele. Ka lebaka la sena, mocheso oa likarolo tse ka hare tsa 'mele ho isa tekanyong e kholo ha oa itšetleha ka mocheso oa tikoloho. Ka hona, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang li boetse li bitsoa libopuoa tsa endothermic. Ho tse ling tsa tsona, mekhoa ea ho fetisa lintho e sebetsa hantle haholo. Kahoo, fox fox, sephooko le mosoeu o mosoeu li mamella habonolo serame se sa theoheng mochesong oa 'mele mme li ntse li boloka phapang lithemparetong tsa' mele le tikoloho tsa likhato tse 100 kapa ho feta. Ka lebaka la botenya ba mafura a potolohang le likarolo tsa ho potoloha ha mali, lipina tse ngata tsa marang-rang le maruarua li entsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanelang bakeng sa ho lula nako e telele metsing a leqhoa.

Kahoo, liphetoho tse feto-fetohang phetisong ea mocheso liphoofolong tsa homeothermic li ka ikemisetsa eseng feela ho boloka tekanyo e phahameng ea metabolism, joalo ka linonyana le liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang, empa hape le ho beha boemo bo tlase ba metabolism maemong ao a sokelang ho fokotseha ha mehloli ea matla. Bokhoni bona ba ho chencha mefuta ea taolo ea phetisetso ea mocheso bo holisa haholo menyetla ea tikoloho e thehiloeng ho bo-momoyothermy.

Bophelo bo mafolofolo ka mocheso o ka tlase ho zero bo ka lebisa liphoofolo tsa maqhubu feela. Poikilothermal le hoja e khona ho mamella mocheso haholo ka tlase ho zero, empa ka nako e ts'oanang e lahleha ho sisinyeha. Mocheso oa taelo ea +40 ° C, i.e. esita le tlase ho mocheso oa protheine o boima, o phahame haholo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ngata.

Maemong a Cold Auslimation - ho ikamahanya le maemo a 'mele oa liphoofolo tse tsoang lapeng ho bata - kamora karabelo e potlakileng ea ho pholile, ho arolelana butle butle ho etsahala pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa mocheso le ho futhumatsa mocheso oa' mele (sa feiga. 4,11). Ho kenella ka mafura hoa ntlafala, 'me ka har'a sebopeho sa phetoho ea mocheso, monehelo oa mekhoa e fapaneng ea biochemical e fetoha ho lebisa ho oxidation ea mahala ea li-substrates tse matla. Ka lebaka la sena, mocheso oa 'mele oa phoofolo o tloaelehile,' me litšenyehelo tsa matla tsa ho boloka mocheso li fokotsehile.

Mofuta o fapaneng o ikhethileng oa ho ikamahanya le maemo a mocheso ke tšobotsi ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Liphetoho tsa tsona tsa mocheso li amana le ts'ebetso e bolokiloeng ea mocheso oa kamehla oa kahare mme e thehiloe boemong bo phahameng ba metabolism le ts'ebetso e ntle ea taolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Mokhoa o rarahaneng oa mekhoa ea ho loanela ho boloka sesepa se futhumatsang 'mele ke thepa e ikhethang ea liphoofolo tse tsoang lapeng.

Haeba poikilothermic e hlobaetse, joale mariha le hibernation ea mariha e ba teng ka har'a liphoofolo tse futhumetseng, lits'ebetso tsa mmele le tsa limolek'hule tse fapaneng le botšo. Liponahatso tsa bona tsa kantle li tšoana: ho fokotseha ha mocheso oa 'mele ho batla ho bata ho mocheso (feela nakong ea mariha hibernation, ha ho joalo hibernation ea lehlabula) le tekanyo ea metabolic (makhetlo a 10-15), phetoho ho karabelo ea tikoloho ea mmele o ka lehlakoreng la alkaline, ho fokotseha hoa thabo ea setsi sa ho phefumoloha le ho fokotseha ha ho hema ho ea ho pululelo e le 'ngoe ka metsotso e 2,5, sekhahla sa pelo le sona se theoha haholo (mohlala, ho mats'oana ho tloha ho 420 ho isa ho 16 beats / min). Lebaka la sena ke keketseho ea molumo oa tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo le ho fokotseha hoa thabo ea kutloelo-bohloko. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore nakong ea hibernation sistimi ea thermoregulation e felisitsoe. Mabaka a sena ke ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea tšoelesa ea qoqotho le ho fokotseha ha litaba tsa lihomone tsa qoqotho maling. Liphoofolo tsa lapeng li fetoha poikilothermic.

Linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang li khona ho boloka mocheso o sa feleng oa 'mele, ho sa tsotelehe mocheso o haufi. Liphoofolo tsena li bitsoa Homocothermal (ho tloha ho Greek. Liphoofolo tse bitsoang Homoyothermal ha lia itšetleha haholo ka mehloli ea mocheso o kantle. Ka lebaka la tekanyo e phahameng ea phapanyetsano, li hlahisa mocheso o lekaneng o ka bolokiloeng. Kaha liphoofolo tsena li teng ka lebaka la mehloli ea mocheso o kahare, hona joale hangata e bitsoa endothermic .

Tsohle tse kaholimo li bua ka se bitsoang mocheso o tebileng oa 'mele, o tsebahatsang boemo ba mocheso ba "mantlha" ba' mele bo laoloang ka botlalo. Ho liphoofolo tsohle tse hlasimollang, likarolo tsa 'mele (likarolo, mesifa, joalo-joalo) li etsa "khetla" e eketsehileng, eo mocheso oa eona o fapaneng haholo. Kahoo, thempereichara e tsitsitseng e tšoaea sebaka sa ho khetholla litho tsa bohlokoa tsa kahare le lits'ebetso. Li-tishu tsa ka holimo li mamella ho fetoha hoa mocheso ho eketsehileng.Boea bo ka ba molemo bakeng sa 'mele, kaha maemong a joalo mocheso oa mocheso moeling oa' mele le tikoloho oa fokotseha, e leng se etsang hore ho bolokehe homeostasis ea "mantlha" ea 'mele ka litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa matla.

Ho lokolloa ha matla ka sebopeho sa mocheso ho tsamaisana le mojaro o sebetsang oa litho tsohle le lisele (Tafole 4.2) mme ke tšobotsi ea lintho tsohle tse phelang. Bohlokoa ba liphoofolo tse tsoang lapeng ke hore phetoho ea tlhahiso ea mocheso e le karabelo mochesong o fetohang o bonts'a karabelo e ikhethileng ea 'mele e sa amang boemo ba tšebetso ea lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa' mele.

LANDSCAPE HOMEOSTASIS Bokhoni ba sebopeho sa naha ho boloka maemong a eona a mantlha sebopeho sa eona le mofuta oa likhokelo lipakeng tsa likarolo ho sa na le litšusumetso tsa kantle. LIHOLO-HOLO-LIHLOOHO TSE HLAHANG [ho tloha c. Iotoyuz e tšoana, e tšoana ebile (Yeghts - mocheso], liphoofolo tse mali tse futhumetseng - liphoofolo tseo mocheso oa tsona oa mmele o bolokang o sa khaotse ho sa tsotelehe mocheso o teng ka lebaka la matla a tsoang nakong ea metabolism (linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang).

Matla a mocheso o teng. Bohlokoa kholisong le tšebetsong ea bohlokoa ea lisele, litho le 'mele ka kakaretso ke boemo ba mocheso oa' mele, (homoothermal) liphoofolo. Liphoofolo tse homoothermal li khetholloa ke bokhoni bo iphetotseng ba ho feto-fetoha ha phetoho ea mocheso (thermoregulation ea 'mele) ka ho laola phallo ea mali liseleng tsa ka holimo le mouoane oa mongobo o tsoang' meleng, hammoho le phetoho ea mocheso oa litho tsa 'mele le' mele kaofela. Kameho e lekanang ea mocheso oa 'mele oa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng e ts'ehetsoa ke melaoana e rarahaneng ea tsamaiso ea mocheso le phetisetso ea mocheso. Ha 'mele o foka' meleng, methapo ea metabolic e ea eketseha le ho hlahisa mocheso, 'me phetisetso ea mocheso ea fokotseha, ha ho futhumatsoa, ​​ka lehlakoreng le leng, tlhahiso ea mocheso ea fokotseha, mme phetiso ea mocheso ea eketseha.

Mefuta ea phapanyetsano mochesong oa mocheso ho feta moo ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso ea setho sa botona e senyehileng, haholoholo ha e bapisoa le peo ea sperm ho tsoa ho liphoofolo tsa poikilothermic le tsa maqhubu, e ka hlalosoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng (Holwill, 1969). Taba ea mantlha, likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng li ka fapana ka sebopeho sa enzyme, palo le mofuta oa litlamo tse senyehileng ke mocheso oa matla oa limolek'hule tsa ona. Taba ea bobeli ke hore enzyme mefuteng ea liphoofolo e ithutileng eona e kanna ea tšoana, 'me phapang ea lithemparetjha moo mocheso oa eona o bolokiloeng mohlomong e bakoa ke ho se tšoane ha maemo a tikoloho (pH, mahloriso a ion, joalo-joalo).

Moea joalo ka tikoloho ea boipheliso o na le likarolo tse itseng: tse tataisang litsela tse akaretsang tsa phetoho ea baahi ba tikoloho ena. Kahoo, dikahare tse phahameng tsa oksijene (hoo e ka bang 21% moeeng oa sepakapakeng, hanyane ka hanyane moeeng o tlatsitseng ts'ebetso ea phefumoloho ea liphoofolo) e lekola monyetla oa ho theha boemo bo phahameng ba metabolism. Ha ho kotsi hore e bile tikolohong ena moo liphoofolo tsa homoothermal li ileng tsa hlaha, li tšoauoa ka matla a mangata a 'mele, boipuso bo phahameng bo tsoang ho tšusumetso ea kantle, le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea bioloji tikolohong ea tikoloho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, moea oa sepakapaka o tšoauoa ka mongobo o tlase le o fapaneng. Boemo bona bo ne bo fokotsa boholo ba menyetla ea ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea moea, 'me har'a baahi bo ne bo tataisoa ke ho iphetola ha thepa ea mantlha ea metabolism ea metsi le letsoai le sebopeho sa sistimi ea phefumoloho.

Monyetla oa bobeli oa bohlokoa tikolohong bakeng sa baahi ba lintho tse phelang ke tšireletso ea bona khaellong e tobileng ea lintlha tsa tikoloho. Kahare ho moamoheli, ha ba kopane le kotsi ea ho omella ntle, ho fetoha ha mocheso ho bohale, liphetoho tse bohlokoa mefuteng ea letsoai le osmotic, joalo-joalo, maemong a tsitsitseng, ho na le baahi ba ka hare ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo maemong a tikoloho ho ama likokoana-hloko tsa kahare le matšoao ka mokhoa o sa hlokomeleheng, ka sebopuoa se amohelang.

Motho joalo ka mofuta oa tlhaho, o fapaneng le mefuta eohle e fetileng, o bile teng ts'ebetsong ea ho iphetola ha lintho tlasa ts'usumetso ea melao e tloaelehileng ho lintho tsohle tse phelang ka lebaka la ho sibolloa hoa mantlha ho sa feleng hoa tlhaho ho iphetotseng ha lintho tsa tlhaho. Tse sibolloang joalo ka mok'hadinale, tse lebisang ho hlaheng ha mefuta e mecha ea tlhaho, li etsahetse pele ho hlaha ha motho. Kahoo, ho ne ho e-na le likokoana-hloko tse ngata tsa mefuta-futa, li-vertebrates, liphoofolo tsa lapeng tse nang le mocheso o sa feleng oa 'mele.

Mehlala e thathamisitsoeng e hole haholo le mefuta eohle ea boitšoaro bo ka fetoloang. Sena se tlameha ho kenyelletsa bokhoni ba linonyana le liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang ho aha lihlaha, likoti le matlong a polokelo ka li-microclimate tse ntle, ts'ebeliso ea lipalo tse bolokang tšebeliso ea matla, motsamao oa nako, ts'ebetso ea liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo-joalo. e holisa bokhoni ba tlhaho ba liphoofolo tsa lapeng.

Matla a lekantsoeng, ho tlosa matla a kentsoeng ka ntle ho 'mele (mantle, moroto, joalo-joalo), ke matla a kopantsoeng. Karolo e 'ngoe ea eona e abetsoe mokhoa oa tesha nakong ea ho chechisa lijo' me e qhalakantsoe kapa e sebelisetsoe thermoregulation. Matla a setseng a arotsoe ho matla a ho ba teng, ao hang-hang a sebelisoang ke mefuta e tloaelehileng ea bophelo (ka botebo, sena e boetse ke "litšenyehelo ho phefumolohi"), le matla a hlahisang, a bokelitsoeng (bonyane nakoana) ho kenyelletsong ea bongata ba lisele tse ntseng li eketseha, mehloli ea matla, lihlahisoa tsa thobalano (raese . 3.1). Matla a ho ba teng a kopantsoe le litšenyehelo tsa mekhoa ea mantlha ea bophelo (basal metabolism, kapa basal metabolism) le matla a sebelisitsoeng mefuteng e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso. Ho liphoofolo tse homoothermal, litšenyehelo tsa matla ho thermoregulation li eketsoa ho sena. Litsenyehelo tsena tsohle tsa matla li fela ka ho qhalana ha matla ka mokhoa oa mocheso - hape, ka lebaka la hore ha ho na ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe e sebetsang ka katleho ea 100%. Matla a bokelitsoeng linthong tsa 'mele oa heterotroph a etsa tlhahiso ea bobeli, e ka sebelisoang e le lijo ke bareki ba litaelo tse phahameng.

Melemo ea homeothermia

Liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng, e le molao, ha li oele ka ntle ho mekhelo e seng mekae, mme li ka ba mafolofolo selemo ho pota, li ja, li tsamaea le ho itšireletsa ho libatana.

Le ha liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng li tlameha ho ja lijo tse ngata e le hore li lule li le mafolofolo, li na le matla le mokhoa oa ho busa libaka tsohle tsa tlhaho, esita le libakeng tse batang tsa Antarctica kapa lithabeng tse telele. Li ka tsamaea hape ka lebelo le malelele halelele ho feta liphoofolo tse mali a batang.

Mathata a amanang le homeothermia

Kaha mocheso oa 'mele oa liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng o lula o tsitsitse, ke libaka tse sebetsang bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse kang liboko kapa likokoana-hloko tse kenyelletsang libaktheria le likokoana-hloko, tse ngata li ka bakang mafu a bolaeang.

Kaha liphoofolo tse homoothermal li lokolla mocheso oa tsona, ntho ea bohlokoa ke karo-karo ea boima ba 'mele sebakeng sa' mele. Boima bo boholo ba 'mele bo hlahisa mocheso o mongata,' me 'mele o moholo o sebelisoa ho futhumatsa lehlabula kapa sebakeng se chesang, joalo ka litsebe tse kholo tsa litlou. Ka hona, liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng li ke ke tsa ba tse nyane joalo ka likokoanyana tse mali a batang.