Ka lelapeng la mekholutsoane e nang le leihlo, ho na le ntho e kang la mokholutsoane o metenya. Ke e mong oa ba baholo hara banab'abo mme o arotsoe ka subspecies tse 7. Ba lula Asia Boroa le Asia Boroa-bochabela. Tsena ke India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Mala Peninsula, lihlekehleke tsa Indonesia. Baemeli ba mefuta eo ba phela haufi le metsi mme ba nkuoa e le liphoofolo tse metsing.
Ponahalo
Lihahabi tsena lia hola bophelo bohle. Bolelele ba motho e moholo ke 1.5-2 m .. Sampuli e kholo ka ho fetisisa e hapiloe Sri Lanka. Bolelele ba eona e ne e le limithara tse 3.21. Boima bo boholo bo fihla ho 20 kg. Tse tona li kholo ho feta tse tšehali. Hlooho e telele ebile e boreleli. Holim'a mahlo ho na le marokho a sirelletsang. Mmele o na le mesifa, mohatla o molelele ebile o matla, o hatelloa hamorao. 'Mala oa' mele o motšo ka 'mala o mosehla le matheba ka morao. Li hlophisitsoe ka mela. Mpa ke mosehla. Mohatleng, ho bonoa mela e metala le e ntšo. Likheo tse fapaneng li na le mebala e fapaneng hanyane. Batho ba bang ba batšo ka ho felletseng.
Ho hlahisa le ho phela nako e telele
Kholo ea thobalano ho banna e ba le bolelele ba 'mele oa limithara tse 1. Ba batona ba holile ha ba hola ho fihla ho cm 50. Nako ea ho ikatisa e ka Mphalane - Mphalane. Ka nako ena, moetlo oa moetlo o ba teng lipakeng tsa ba batona ba leng naheng le metsing. Ka har'a clutch ho na le mahe a 16-20. Tse tšehali li li beha ka lemeneng la lifate, litlamong tsa bohloa kapa ka mekhukhung. Nako ea ho kenella e lula e nka likhoeli tse 6. E tšehali e ikutloa ha malinyane a lokela ho hatch. O hlaha haufi le masonry mme o thusa malinyane a macha ho tsoa. Hang-hang ba hloella lifateng ebe ba qeta nako e ngata ba le makhasi. Sebata, mokholutsoane o metšoane o phela lilemo tse 10-11.
Ho ba le Boitšoaro Phepo e nepahetseng
Lihahabi tsena li sesa haholo. Metsi bakeng sa bona a nkoa e le ntho ea tlhaho. Ba lula mabopong a linoka le matlong a polokelo. Li ka tsoma tlasa metsi ka metsotso e 10. Cheka likoti tse botebo ba limithara tse 'maloa. Mekholutsoane e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa hoseng. Ha a le mocheso a ipata ka metsing kapa meqhaka ea lifate. Haeba ho na le kotsi, itšireletse u sebelisa mehatla, mehlahare le manala. Lijo li na le litlhapi, lihoho, makhoaba, linoha, linonyana, litoeba. Ho jeoa likolopata, likoena tse nyane le mahe a makhopo. Baemeli ba mefuta ea lihlahisoa ha ba nyenyefatse setopo. Li bolaea le ho ja linoha tse chefo, hammoho le litlhapi tse kholo tsa noka tse jang nama.
Boemo ba ho boloka
Baahi bana ba sirelelitsoe ke molao Hong Kong le Nepal. Naheng ea Malaysia, mekholutsoane e metenya e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse hlaha tse tloaelehileng. Thailand, e khethiloe e le mofuta o sirelelitsoeng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lihahabi tsena li tsongoa ka lebaka la matlalo a tsona India. Ho isa ho limilione tse 1,5 tsa matlalo ana a romeloa selemo le selemo United States, Japane le Europe bakeng sa tlhahiso ea thepa ea feshene. Baahi ba moo ba ja nama. Sri Lanka, baahi ba moo ba leka ho se ame baemeli ba mefuta, kaha ba senya makhala a metsi a hloekileng a lulang masimong a raese. Ka kakaretso, boemo bo nang le palo ha bo bake ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo.
Tlhaloso
Liphiri tse nang le metsero e metenya li ka hola ho fihlela li le bolelele ba limithara tse tharo, empa ho batho ba bangata ba holileng tsebong bolelele ba 'mele ha bo fetang limitara tse 1,5. Molala oa bona o molelele ka mohloa o telelehali. Nutla tse haufi le pheletso ea nko. Mohatla o hatelloa hamorao mme o na le dorsal keel. Thebe e ka holim'a hlooho e kholo ho feta mokokotlong. 'Mala oa makhopho a leihlo le leputsoa a bosootho bo bosootho kapa a sootho,' me a na le matheba a lamunu 'meleng o tlase. E le molao, ka lilemo, matheba a mosehla a fetoha a manyane.
Sebaka
Lirosa tse nang le mela e melelele ke e 'ngoe ea mekholutsoane e tloaelehileng ho fetisisa ho feta Asia,' me e na le libaka tse fapaneng tsa libaka tse haufi le metsi ho tloha Sri Lanka, India ho ea Indochina le Peninsula ea Mala, hammoho le lihlekehlekeng tse fapaneng tsa Indonesia.
Sebaka sa tlhaho ea tlhaho
Mokholutsoane o mobe oa maratsoana o phela bophelo ba metsing bo se nang metsing ebile o na le libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng. Hangata li fumanoa mabopong a linoka le mabopong a linoka. Mokholutsuoa oa metsero o metsero o khona ho hlola lipampitšana tse kholo tsa metsi, tse hlalosang ho ajoa ha tsona ka bongata.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Mekholutsoane e metle ea mapolanka e phela bophelo bo mabifi, 'me e ka ja liphoofolo leha e le life tseo e ka li etsang. Motsoako oa lijo tsa bona ke: linonyana, mahe, liphoofolo tse anyesang (haholo-holo likhoto), litlhapi, makhoaba, malinyane, linoha, likoena le makhoaba a manyenyane. Hoa tsebahala hore mekholutsoane e metenya ea mokolokotoane, joalo ka lephephe le shebileng la Komodo, e khona ho cheka litopo tsa batho le ho li harola.
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho tsoma o sebelisoang ke mokholutsoane o molelele oa litšila o tsebahala ka ho lelekisa le ho tsoma, ho e-na le ho lelekisa le ho lalla. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse lebelo haholo tse nang le mesifa e matla ea maoto. Ha e tsoma baahi ba metsing, mekholutsoane e metenya e khona ho lula e le ka tlasa metsi ho fihlela halofo ea hora.
Ho beha boitšoaro
Boitšoaro ba leqhoele le metsero le tšoana le la iguana e tala. Ha ba sokeloa ke linoha tse kotsi (mohlala, morena cobra), ba hloella sefate ka maoto a bona a matla. Kamora hore ba hloelle sefate, empa tšokelo e ntse e le teng, lebelo le tla tlola lekala ho tloha lekaleng ho fihlela le ikutloa le bolokehile.
Ho tsala
Ka tloaelo tse tona li na le palo e menang ea basali habeli. Nako ea ho ikatisa e qala ka April mme e tšoarella ho fihlela Mphalane. Leha ho le joalo, liteko tsa ba batona li kholoanyane ka Mphalane, 'me tse tšehali li kotsing ea ho hola, ka hona menyetla ea ho ikatisa qalong ea nako ea ho ikatisa e phahame haholo.
Tse tšehali li hlahisa mahe a mangata ho feta a manyane. Mahe a tloaetse ho beoa ka mekotleng e bolileng kapa ka stump.
Bohlokoa ba moruo ho motho: O motle
Letlalo la makhopho a lalehileng a metsero a sebelisoa e le mohloli oa protheine ea ho ja meketeng ea tloaelo, meriana ea setso le ho roka thepa ea letlalo. Phetoho ea selemo le selemo ea khoebo ka matlalo a maputsoa a metsu e ka fihlella matlalo a fetang milione e le 'ngoe, haholo-holo khoebo ea letlalo. Boholo bo mahareng bo khethiloe hobane letlalo la makhopho a maholo a leihlo le thata ebile le teteane hore le ka sebetsoa. Ho na le khoebo e nyane litsing tse pepesitsoeng tse nang le metsero, empa ha se tse loketseng liphoofolo tse ruiloeng.
Boemo ba polokeho
Leha e le khoebo ea letlalo, mokholutsoane o mokhubelu ke o mong oa mefuta e kotsing ka ho fetisisa. Ho na le monahano oa hore basali ba baholo, ba hlahisang mahe a mangata, ba qoba khoebo ea letlalo, ka lebaka la boleng bo bobe ba letlalo.
Mokhoa o behiloeng ka leihlo o mosesaane oa boea
Tsena tse hlokolosi li khona ho sesa hantle, li qeta halofo ea bophelo ba tsona ka metsing. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mekholutsoane e mebehali ea ho shebella metsing. Hangata li ka fumanoa mabopong a likanale, linoka le matša. Ha li fihle feela metsing a hloekileng a metsi, empa le mabopong a leoatle. Tlas'a metsi, ba ka ba metsotso e ka bang 20, empa hangata ba qoelisoa metsotso e 10. Mekholutsoane e metenya ea leihlo e lula merung ea lifate tsa mangrove.
Mokholutsoane o nang le metsero ke phoofolo e metsing e metsing e qetang nako e ngata e le metsing.
Haeba mokholutsoane o mobe o le kotsing, e ipata ka metsing, 'me e ka qoela ka metsing ho tsoa phahameng.
Mekholutsoane e metala e cheka marokho a tebileng a fihlang bolelele ba limithara tse 10. Ka linako tse ling li ka bonoa li sesa lifateng tse telele. Ba robala ka mekotla e teteaneng kapa metsing, e ba lumellang ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele o le ka holim'a mocheso oa moea.
Nakong ea motšehare oa letsatsi, mekholutsoane e metenya ea leihlo e boetse e ipata ka metsing kapa moriting. Ba tsoma hoseng kapa thapama ha mocheso o theoha.
Lijo tsa meriu e metenya
Lirurubele tsena tsa ho lekola li ja lijo tse fapaneng: li-invertebrates le li-vertebrates tse nyane. Malinyane a maputsoa a maputsoa a ja likokoanyana, 'me lijo tsa batho ba baholo li na le: litlhapi, linoha, makhoaba, mapolanka, mahe, linonyana, linonyana, litoeba, likoena tse nyane, litšoene, malinyane a likhama. Li ka boela tsa ja litšila tsa lijo le lihoete.
Lirurubele tse nchocho tsa likhoele li ka ema tlas'a metsi ka halofo ea hora ntle le mathata.
Sri Lanka, mekholutsoane ena e hlokomela mekholutsoane e metsing a hloekileng a lulang masimong a raese, ka ho etsa joalo e thusa temo, ka hona e nkuoa e le liphoofolo tse bohlokoa.
Makhoba a hangata a metsero a hlasela linoha tse chefo, mohlala, makhopho, pele a hlasela noha, leihlo le qeta nako e telele le le potoloha, ha noha e khathetse, leihlo le e otla ka matla le hlooho. Kamora hore e tšoase noha, mokholutsoane oe otla fatše le lifateng ho fihlela noha e emisa ho tsamaea.
Mekha e meng ea mekholutsoane e metenya ea leihlo
Ho na le mefuta e 5 ea mekolokotoane ea meroalo e metenya:
- Varanus salvator bivittatus. Makala a mofuta ona oa bophelo o lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Indonesia feela. Li boholo bo bohareng ebile li na le 'mala o khanyang haholo. Bolelele ba 'mele ha bo feta lisenthimithara tse 150,
- Varanus salvator leamanensis. Liphiri tsena tse hlokolosi li lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Andaman. Karolo ea bona e ikhethang ke 'mala o lefifi ka botlalo oa mmele,
- Varanus salvator macromaculatus. Mekholutsoane ea subspecies ena ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa,
- Varvus salvator salvator. Naha ea linaha tsena tse hlokometseng Sri Lanka,
- Varanus salvator ziegleri. Subspecies ena ke e ncha ka ho fetesisa, e ile ea buloa ka 2010.
Mehala e hlokometseng mekholutsoane le batho
Lintho tse fapa-fapaneng li entsoe ka letlalo la lirurubele tse metsero. Baahi ba moo ba ja mafura le nama ea lihahabi tsena.
Meketjana ea mekholutsoane ea metsero e metopa e kile ea sebelisoa meketjaneng ea moetlo; likotsi li entsoe ka eona. Matlapa a liphoofolo tsena a ne a kopantsoe le mathe a moloi a Gorbonosov moth and chain viper. Motsoako ona o ne o belisitsoe ka lehare la motho.
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Boholo
Mokholutsoana o nang le metsero e metenya ke o mong oa mekholutsoane e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho e hlokomela, 'me maemong a sa tloaelehang a ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 250 ho isa ho tse 500. Ka tlhaho, mekholutsoane e meholohali ea mofuta ona e ka ba boima ba li-kilo tse fetang 20, mohlomong ho fihlela ho 25 kg - ena ke sere se boima ka ho fetesisa sa lefats'e, kamora Komodo. hlokomela lephephe. Le ha ho le joalo, hangata ha li fetele bolelele ba cm-2-200 'me ha e boima bo fetang 15 kg. Tse tona hangata li kholo ebile li kholo ho feta tse tšehali.
Mekholutsoane e metona e meholohali e metenya e tsoa Malaysia (subspecies) Varanus salvator macromaculatus), moo mefuta e meng ea lipalesa ka linako tse ling e fumanoang e fihla boleleleng ba 'mele ka mohatla o fetang 250 cm (ho na le lintlha tse sa netefatsoang lefikeng le lelelele la 321 cm). Batho ba baholo le bona ba fumaneha Thailand, empa libakeng tse ling, tlhokomeliso ea mekholutsoane e nyane, seretse se seholo ka ho fetisisa se fumanoeng Java se ne se na le bolelele ba 'mele ba ka bang 210 cm, Sri Lanka - 200 cm, Sumatra le India India - 203 cm, mme feela cm e ka bang 150 cm sehlekehlekeng sa Flores (subspecies Varanus salvator bivittatus) Ba batona ba 80 ba bolailoeng khoebong ea letlalo ho Sumatra ba ne ba le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 3,42 feela, bo bolelele ho tloha ntlheng ea nko ho ea koaeng ea 56,6 cm le bolelele bo 142 cm, athe basali ba 42 ba ne ba le boima ba 3.52 kg, le bolelele ho tloha ntlheng ea nko ho isa ho ea koae ka cm cm 59 le bolelele bo 14 cm ka botlalo. Har'a mekholutsoane ena ea litebele, mefuta e meng e boima e ne e le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 16 ho isa ho tse 20. Phuputso e 'ngoe e Sumatra, e etsoang ke bangoli ba ts'oanang, le eona e hakanya boima ba mefuta e meng ka 20 kg, ha boima ba batho ba baholo ka bongata bo hakanyetsoa ho 7,6 kg.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Lerata le le metsero le na le lira tse 'maloa tsa tlholeho ka lebaka la boholo ba tsona bo boholo,' me libakeng tse ling ho ka nkoa e le sebatana se hloahloa ka ho fetisisa. Leha ho le joalo, liphoofolo tse nyenyane li ka tšoasoa ke linonyana tse ngata tse lekaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le baena ba bona ba baholo. Lira tse ka sehloohong tsa mekoloto ea batho ba baholo ba metsero ke likoena le liphokojoe tse kholo, empa li-cobras tse kholo le tse ngata tsa lintja tse lahlehileng le tsona li ka ba kotsi. Ka Sundarbana, hangata li tšoaroa ke linkoe tsa Bengal, li qobelloa ho batla mehloli e meng ea lijo. Ketsahalong e le 'ngoe, otter e nang le moriri o boreleli e ile ea hlasela' me ea bolaea mokholutsoane oa bolelele ba 110-120 cm, empa ha ho tsejoe hore na tlhaselo ena e ne e le ntho ea tlhaho ka tlhaho. Likopano tsa mekholutsoane ea Komodo le mangau a metsero ho Flores mme ka linako tse ling ho ja le tsona litopo tsa liphoofolo tse shoeleng haufi le metsi le tsona li ka li hlasela. Ka ho tseba sena, mekholutsoane e metenya ea boea hangata e tloha moo e fepang teng ha nama e neng e le ka setopo sa mofu e fela. Esita le mekholutsoane e metona ea Komodo e tloaetse ho sutumetsa mokholutsoane o moholo ho metsero.
Liroboto tse se nang mehala ha li bohale joaloka mefuta e meng e mengata ea mekholutsoane ea teng. Ke ka seoelo a hlaselang mofosi pele, hangata a leka ho baleha ho eena, esita le ho itihela ka tlasa metsi haeba ho khonahala. Bohloeki ba 'mele oa hae bo hlephileng le hlooho e nyane, e tetemang le tsona li etsa hore e se be mohlabani ea sebetsang joalo. Leha ho le joalo, kaha e emisoa kapa e maketse, serethe se metsero se otla ba hlaselang ka mohatla o boima, ebe likotlo tsa eona li ka utloisa bohloko haholo ebile li ka baka likotsi tse ling. Ha sena se sa thusa, leha e le joalo mekholutsoane e sebelisang meno le manala a eona.
Boleng ba motho
Letlalo la moutla o laolitsoeng ka leoto le sebelisoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Nama le mafura li jeoa ke baahi ba moo. Libakeng tse ling tsa Thailand, reptile ena e nkuoa e le phoofolo e kotsi mme lebitso la eona ho Thai le utloahala joalo ka thohako ("เหี้ Thai", kapa ka mokhoa o sa hlonephang - "ตัว กิน ก่ก่", ka kotloloho - "kuku ea jang"). Sena se bakoa haholo ke taba ea hore mekholutsoane e metjeko e shebileng hangata e batla lijo haufi le meaho mme e ka hlasela likhoho, likatse, likolobe le lintja.
Ha e bona kotsi, leseling le metsero, e ka ba kotsi ho batho. Ho ea ka likotsi tse bakoang ke mekholutsoane ena, ho latela litlaleho tse ling, e bile sesosa sa lefu. Bonyane ranger e le 'ngoe ea liphoofolo United States e se e otliloe haholo ke tlhaselo ea mokholutsoane o moholo oa metsero. Ketsahalong e 'ngoe, ho ile ha tlalehoa tlhaselo e sa reroang ho ngoana ea likhoeli li 8. Guinness Book of Record e hlalosa bopaki ba hore mapolesa a mabeli le molisa ea sebetsang oa Jeremane ba hlasetsoe ke lemena le leholo le leholo le metsero phuleng ea Mala.
Ho batho ba bang ba Asia, mokholutsoane ona o phetha karolo ea moetlo. Lirurubele tse metsero li ile tsa nka karolo ho lokiseng chefo e rarahaneng e bitsoang "scavenger". E ne e kenyelletsa arsenic le mali a linoha tse chefo: Indian cobra (Naja naja),Daboia russelii), moth "humpback moth"Hypnale hypnale) Ntho e sebetsang ea chefo ena e ne e le makhopho a arsenic le a noha, 'me mekholutsoane e ile ea bapala karolo ea liphoofolo tse makatsang mosebetsing oa eona. Chefo eo e ne e kolobelitsoe ka lehata le ka hara motho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mekholutsoane e ne e khangoe ke mollo ho tloha mahlakoreng a mararo ebe e otloa. Mekholutsoane ena e halefileng e lla, joalokaha eka e besa mollo, 'me maro a tsoang melomong ea makhopho a ile a bokelloa' me a ekeletsoa chefo.
Tlhomamiso
Sheba Varanus salvator e bolela tlholeho Soterosaurus 'me e etsa mefuta e mengata ea subspecies:
- Varanus salvator leamanensis - ea lulang lihlekehlekeng tsa Andaman, o lefifi ka botlalo.
- Varanus salvator bivittatus - e ajoa lihlekehlekeng tsa Indonesia ho tloha Java bophirima ho ea Timor ka bochabela, e leng subspecies e nyane ea mebala e khanyang.
- Varvus salvator salvator - o lula Sri Lanka feela.
- Varanus salvator macromaculatus - e ajoa likarolong tse setseng tsa mefuta ea mefuta, ntle le lihlekehleke tse 'maloa ka bochabela (hlokomela mekholutsoane ho tloha moo e na le boemo ba taxonomic bo sa feleng), li-subspecies tse kholo ka ho fetisisa.
Likarolo tsa pejana tse khethiloeng Varanus salvator komaini, 'mala o lefifi haholo ebile o pharaletse Thailand, joale e se e nkoa e tšoana Varanus salvator macromaculatus.
Ho sheba Varanus salvator Ha e le subspecies, mefuta e 'maloa e amanang e ne e boetse e nkuoa pele, eo hajoale e amoheloang e le mefuta e arohaneng' me, hammoho le moutloi o moqotetsane, e etsa sehlopha sa mefuta Varanus salvator.
Maikutlo a sehlopha Varanus salvator:
- Varanus cumingi - pejana Varanus salvator cumingi
- Liroboto le nang le metsero e melekile (Varanus salvator)
- Varanus marmoratus - pejana Varanus salvator marmoratus
- Varanus nuchalis - pejana Varanus salvator nuchalis
- Varanus togianus - pejana Varanus salvator togianus