Ka makhasi a lifate, lihlahla le limela tse limela tsa limela, lipalesa tse tšoanang le tsona hangata lia bonahala. Li bitsoa merafo mme likokoanyana tsa tsona li bakoa ke liqhomane tsa likokonyana tse thunyang le tlas'a letlalo la makhasi.
Basebetsi ba morafo ba senya lihlahla tse kopaneng le tse nkang nako e telele, hoo e ka bang lihlahla tsohle, lijalo, limela tsa mekhabiso le litlhare, lipalesa le mofoka.
Har'a lifate - sena, ka mohlala, chestnut ea pere, linden, holly, sefate sa sefofane, robinia, molora oa thaba, thuja, sefate sa apolehar'a lihlahla - privet, rose, scoopia, hawthorn, honeysuckle, spireahar'a limela tse limela khauta, balsame, fragole, clover, clematis, stonecrop, euphorbia, tšepe, Centaury, dandelion, violet.
Ka tloaelo basebetsi ba meroho ea mofuta o le mong ba senya mofuta o itseng oa limela, tse hlahisoang ka mabitso a bona - popul moth, moth linden, nightshade minesweeper.
Mining fofa - joang ho loana
Hoa hlokahala ho tlosa makhasi a amehang, moo merafo e hlahang ho tsona. E lokela ho fanyeha maraba a fofa. Libakeng tsa jarete, ho bohlokoa hore u kenye mabanta a sekhomaretsi ho likutu tsa sefate - makhoaba le lifofane tse kholo li lula li le ngata mapetsong a makhapetla le libakeng tse ka thoko tsa lifate le lihlabeng (ho kenyeletsoa matlakala a makhasi). Balemi ba lirapa ba sebelisa maraba a leketlileng a pente - o ka sebelisa likotoana tsa linoleum, plywood le thepa e ngoe. Poleiti e tšeloa ka tharollo e khomarelang mme e khangoa matlong a limela maemong a kholo ea makhasi.
Tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale e utloahala lapeng haeba likokoanyana li boetse li hlaha ka lipalesa. Maemong ana, o ka fafola limela ho tsoa ho lintsintsi tsa liminerale ka litokisetso: actellik, karbofos, actara, tanrek, apache kapa confidor. Hape, li-organophosphorus insecticides (Zolon, BI-58 e ncha) li sebelisetsoa ho sireletsa khahlanong le li-agromisides, li alafshoa nakong ea hoetla, pele likokoanyana tsena li ipata bakeng sa mariha (li kena diapusing) ka ho fafatsa likutu tsa sefate. Litokisetso tsa sehlopha sa neonicotinoids - Confidor Maxi, Aktara, Mospilan - nosetsa mobu haufi le limela tse nyane kapa lipalesa, o nosetsa haufi le lifate le lihlahla ntle le tšebeliso - ts'ebeliso e ngata ea lithethefatsi tse theko e boima.
Tlhaloso ea likokoanyana
Tsena ke lintsintsi tse nyane tse nang le mpa e sephara, maoto a makhutshwane le mapheo a pepeneneng. Hangata a pente ka 'mala o hlakileng o bosehla. Li hlometse ka mofuta oa lipalesa, tseo li li etsang ka makhapetleng a semela ho monya lero la semela kapa ho behela mahe sebakeng sa thupelo.
Lehloeo la mapheoana a litšila a tsoa lehe, le loma ka har'a lithane tsa semela ebe li ja litemana tse fapaneng tsa sebopeho moo. Ho sisinyeha hona hoa bitsoa minami. Li-larvae li nyane haholo, bolelele ba tsona ke 1-3 mm feela. Nts'etsopele ea makhopho e nka matsatsi a 8-14, mme nako eohle ea bophelo ba lintsintsi tsa meepo hangata e nka libeke tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano feela!
Mefuteng e meng, popae e hlaha ka kotloloho makhasing le ho tse ling tse mobung.
Mefuta e fapaneng
Lintsintsi tsa merafong li khetholloa ke mofuta o ikhethang oa lijo, ke hore, likhaba tsa mefuta e fapaneng li iphepa ka mefuta e meng ea limela. Mefuteng e mengata ea lintsintsi tsa liminerale, makhoaba a ja makhasi, empa ho na le mefuta eo likubu li jang litholoana, metso, inflorescence kapa bulbs. Mohlala, makhoaba a likhaba tsa bulb a senya likhalase tsa konofolo le lieie, tse bonolo ebe li bola.
Beetroot
Lintsintsi tsa meepo ea Beet li baka kotsi e kholo. Li-larvae tsa tsona li ja makhasi a li-beet, spinach hammoho le mefuta e meng ea nightshade. Ntle le moo, li ka ja hlaha le nightshade. Batho ba baholo ba fihla bolelele ba 6-8. Lintsintsi li behela mahe ka tlas'a makhasi. Mahe a 'maloa a beoa ka nako e le' ngoe, nakong ea bophelo bo le bong mosali a le mong a ka behela mahe a ka bang 100. Matsatsi a mane ho isa ho a mahlano hamorao, mahe a tsoang mahe a fofa makhapetla a tsoang ka makhapetleng (ka mantsoe a mang, a ka). Bokaholimo ba leqephe, merafo ena e bonahala e le makhopho a 'mala o moputsoa o litšila. Kamora ho lula ho lijalo tse nyane tsa maleshoane, makhoaba a lintsintsi tsa meepo hangata a lebisa lefung la lipeo. Mehatong ea morao-rao ea tsoelo-pele, ts'oaetso ka lintsintsi tsa meepo e lebisa ho fokotseha ha bongata ba lijalo tsa motso. Tlas'a maemo a matle, meloko e meraro ea likhaba tsa beet e ka nkeloa sebaka nakong ea lehlabula. Lintsintsi li hlohlona fatše, 'me ha li le mariha ka mofuta oa pupae (pupae ea lintsintsi li boetse li bitsoa cocoons tsa bohata).
Nightshade
Basebetsi ba merafong ba bitsoang nightshade ke lintsintsi tse nyane feela bolelele ba 2-2,5 mm. Likokoana-hloko tsena senya likomkomere, tamati, k'habeche, lettuce, parsley, celery le mahapu. Tse tšehali tsa moloko oa pele li beha mahe ka har'a cotyledons kapa makhasi a manyane. Liea tse hlahileng mathoasong a selemo ka linako tse ling li baka lefu la limela tse nyane. Ha lintsintsi li behela mahe makhapetleng, hona ho tla bonahala ka mokhoa oa lipalesa tse putsoa.
Hatching fomu ea litlolo e bonaha litemana tse hlakileng, kapa makhapetla, makhasi. Ka hare ho merafsho u ka bona tsela e lefifi ea mantle a litlolo. Hoo e ka bang libeke tse tharo kamora ho hlaha, makhopho a hlaha a tsoa, a oela fatše, a inela mobung ebe a etsa chrysalis eo motho e moholo a tsoang ho eona ka mor'a matsatsi a 'maloa. Ha ba se ba holile ka bongata, basebetsi ba merafong ba thibela kholo ea limela, makhasi a amehileng a omella ebe a oa. Empa le palo e nyane ea basebetsi ba morafo e fokotsa tlhahiso ea lijalo.
Selemo se seng le se seng, likokoanyana tsa litapole li senya lithane tsa chai. Ithute ho boloka likokoanyana li le ka ntle ho seratsoana sa hau ka ho bala sengoloa sena.
Ha u tsebe ho sireletsa li-cherries tsa hau ho liboko tse tšoeu tse lutseng makhapetleng a litholoana? Ebe u tla fumana sengoloa se na le thuso ho https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/vishnevaya-muxa.html lehokela.
Mekhoa ea ho loana
Kaha pupae ea merafo e fofa hibernate mobung, ba cheka ka matla ho li loantša mobung, kahoo pupae e kenella ka matla mobung ebe ea shoa.
Kaha lintsintsi tsa meepo ea li-beet li khona ho fula lehola lehola, ho bohlokoa ho senya mofoka o haufi oa mefuta ena ea limela. Ho loantša lintsintsi tsa meepo, li-entomophages tsa parasitic li ka sebelisoa - likokoanyana tse khethehileng tse jang mefuta ena ea lintsintsi, empa ts'ebeliso ea tsona feela matlong a limela tsa limela e ea sebetsa.
Likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng le tsona lia sebelisoa. O ka sebelisa kalafo ea peo pele o jala. Mohlala, ntoeng ea khahlano le ntsintsi ea meepo ea li-beet, kalafo ea peo ea beet e nang le Tabu e ea sebetsa. Hoa utloahala ho sebelisa litokisetso tsa sehlopha sa nicotinoid feela ka ts'ebeliso ea mobu.
Sesebelisoa sa Verimek, se nang le bokhoni ba ho kenella ka hare ho lekhasi, se sebetsana le lintsintsi le likubu tse baholo.
TLHOKOMELISO E TSOANG PELE TSE ITHUTOANG ENA EONA >>>
Boholo ba basebetsi ba morafong mariha sethaleng sa popi, ba bang sethaleng kapa sethaleng sa ba baholo. Boemong ba batho ba baholo, basebetsi ba basebetsi ba merafong ba feta litšenyehelong tsa cortex le bolulo bo bong, mohlala, mehahong. Boemong ba lehloa, basebetsi ba merafong ba ea mariha holim 'a mobu, ba aparela makala, merafong makhasi a oeleng, le sethaleng sa bana, mobung, makhasi a oeleng le mapetsong a makhasi.
Mefuta e meng ea basebetsi ba basebetsi ba morafo e lula e na le moloko o le mong, mme palo ea meloko ea mefuta e meng e latela mocheso nakong ea kholo ea bona.
Mefuta e meng ea basebetsi ba morafong e senya makhasi feela nakong ea selemo, e meng ka lehlabula, ha e meng e le ea selemo ho isa hoetla. Linako tsa nts'etsopele tsa meloko e le 'ngoe li a feta, tse thatafatsang boikemisetso ba nako ea ts'ireletso.
Har'a basebetsi ba makhasi a makhasi, baemeli ba Lepidoptera (moth-miners) le Diptera (fly-agromisides), mapheo a fokolang (litlhapi tsa khauta, makhapetla a makhasi, weevil) le li-previrant tsa hymenopteran.
Mina - "karete ea ho letsetsa" ea basebetsi ba merafong. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa ka o tšoauoa ka sebopeho se itseng sa liqhomane, sebaka seo ba leng ho sona ka pampiring, le merafong - li-larvae, li-extrement le likoti tsa sefofane. Mera e ka nka sebopeho sa kotopo, sebaka kapa kotopo e nang le sebaka qetellong.
Ho lemala ha basebetsi ba basebetsi ba morafo ho bonahala ka ho fokotseha ha matla a limela, ho khabisa ha tsona, sekhahla sa kholo, kholo ea litholoana le ho teba ha boleng ba peo. Kotsi ea basebetsi ba merafong e eketseha libakeng tseo ho lengoa mefuta e le 'ngoe kapa tse amanang haufi-ufi le limela, libakeng tsa polokelo ea limela, litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea limela, masimong.
Ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea liqhomane tsa fatše, lekhasi le ea fokotseha, le ts'oasa lerōle le moea o tsoang sepakapakeng le li-photosynthesize, tse amang kholo ea lifate. Ho palesa ha limela tse senyehileng haholo ke balemi, ho etsahala ka hoetla, le hona hoa li fokolisa. Ka linako tse ling makala a lifate tse joalo lia hoama. Ka boholo ba liminerale, mekhabiso ea limela le ho hanyetsa maloetse le likokonyana li fokotsehile, makhasi a oela pele ho nako. Ho fokotsa bongata ba peo e senyehileng ke lijalo tsa basebetsi ba merafong ho ka ama polokeho ea lipeo le boleng ba thepa e jalang. Ho senya, ho etsa mohlala, ho linden ke mohiruoa ho lebisa ho fokotseha hoa palo ea lipalesa tse thehiloeng le litaba tsa lero ho tsona, tse bakang tšenyo ea ho ruruha.
Ho kotsi ka ho khetheha ke basebetsi ba merafong, ba hasang kapele sebakeng se seholo se nang le moea o phallang, likoloi, 'me haholo-holo, se nang le thepa ea ho jala. Palo ea mefuta ena naheng e laoloa ke lira tsa tlhaho - linonyana, li-invertebrates, le limela tsa furu li hola hammoho le mefuta e meng ea limela, e leng ho eketsang botsitso ba masimong. Haeba semela se sebetsang e le phepelo ea liminerale sebakeng se secha se holiloe e le sejalo se le seng (ka ho hlokomela naha, masimong), kotsi ea likokoanyana tsena e eketseha hangata.
Chestnut miner
Makhasi a senyehileng a sefuba sa lipere, se melang merung ea tlhaho libakeng tsa Balkan, le linaheng tse ling se sebelisetsoa ho paka libaka tse sabaletseng, mabala le literata. Mohlahisi enoa o ile a fumanoa ka lekhetlo la pele pela Letša la Ohrid la Macedonia moeling le Albania ka 1980s. mme a amohela lebitso "Ohrid miner." Mofuta ona o hasane hohle Europe, 'me lilemong tsa morao tjena o fumanoa hoo e batlang e le libakeng tsohle. Meloko e meraro ea liminerale tsa chestnut e ntse e ntlafala nakong ea selemo, le lilemo tse boima tsa lirurubele tsa moloko oa pele li etsahala nakong ea lipalesa tsa sefuba. Pupae ea moloko oa ho qetela mariha merafong e makhasi a oeleng.
Basebetsi ba merafong ea Acacia
White acacia, kapa robinia, joalo ka mofuta oa khabiso o khabisitsoeng qalong ea lekholo la XVII. tlisa Europe, qetellong ea lekholo la XVIII - ho ea Ukraine. Mofuta ona o sebelisoa ka bongata haholo, haholoholo. Basebetsi ba merafong ea Acacia ba ile ba kena Europe ba tsoa Amerika Leboea hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 30 tse fetileng, ba na le meloko e 2-3 ka selemo. Mera ea mefuta e 'meli e khona ho khetholoha habonolo ka ntle.
Linden e menyane e maiketsetso (mohiruoa oa linden).
E hlalositsoe Japane ka 1963. E fetile lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli, 'me ea namela Primorye, Korea, ea kena karolong ea Europe ea Russia, Ukraine le linaha tse ngata tsa Europe. Lirurubele tsa mariha tsa linden mariha mefuteng ea makhapetla a lifate tsa linden, li behela mahe ka tlas'a makhasi kamora hore li thunye ka botlalo. Lirurubele tsa moloko oa lehlabula li fofa mathoasong a Phupu, 'me lirurubele tse tlang mariha li tla hlaha ka Loetse.
Juniper moth.
E senya linale tsa junipere e tloaelehileng. Lirurubele li fetela pele ka har'a li-spider tse tenya tsa marang-rang. Nakong ea selemo, litsie li ntse li tsoela pele ho fepa, ho fihlisa mathoasong a Mots'eanong. Likokoanyana tsa moloko o mocha li hlaha ka Phuptjane mme li fepa ho fihlela hoetla. Ba cheka linale, ba khabile ka makhapetla a makala a juniper, e lebisang ho 'mala oa li-needle le tahlehelo ea limela tse khabisitsoeng.
Har'a lihlahla tsa mekhabiso, tšenyo ea basebetsi ba morafo: lirosa, rhododendron. Holly Holly Ka makhasi a lihlahla tsa rose, u ka bona lintlha tse khanyang (sephetho sa ho phunya le mohloa o motala oa meepo ha o behela mahe) le litemana tse fokang. Makhasi a Rhododendron a sentsoe ke semola sa azalea (Caloptiliaazaleella). Malinyane a sona a maholo haholo - a ka fihla ho 1 cm ka bolelele. Makhasi a senyehileng a omme, a heleha ebile a oa. Malinyane a maqheku a qhekella makhasing a phetseng hantle a bophelo bo botle, a a tšele meqomong ebe a tsoela pele ho hola moo. Li-pellets ka ntle ho makhasi a cocoons. Ho linonyana tse nang le makhasi a mangata a halikiloeng le tsona li bonoa ke boteng ba liphaephe.
Tšireletso ea semela ho balemi ba makhasi
Ho sireletsa limela ho balemi ba makhasi ho kenyelletsa maqheka a mangata.
Khetho ea mefuta e hanyetsanang le mefuta ea limela. Liminerale ha li na mefuta eohle ea limela tsa mofuta o le mong. Kahoo, nameng ea sefuba, likhaba tse khubelu tsa "chestnut mineral die shoa ka lilemo tse nyane," "chestnut" e nyane ha e hlahise mofuta ona.
Tlhahlobo ea limela. Tšenyo e liehang ho limela e bonoa ke basebetsi ba merafong, ha ba ka baka likotsi tse ngata. Hopola hore lintsintsi tse nyane li ka namela hammoho le lipalesa tse kolobisitsoeng kapa tse khaotsoeng.
Ho fafatsa mobu pele o sebelisoa bakeng sa lijalo tsa sethopo le limela tse pentiloeng ho etsoa, kaha pupae ea basebetsi ba bangata ba basebetsi ba morafong moo.
Ho kenella ka letlooa le letle la limela tsa kahare ha ho pepesetsoa le foranteng kapa serapeng ho u fa monyetla oa ho ba sireletsa ho lintsintsi tsa meepo tse tlisoang ke moea.
Ho fanyehiloe lipolanete tse tšehla (mapolanka, likotoana tsa polasetiki) tse tlotsitsoeng ka sekhomaretsi, ka matlong a limela le libakeng tse bulehileng haufi le mela ea limela maemong a sebaka sa boholo ba makhasi, ka sepheo sa ho tšoasa lintsintsi le litsu nakong ea hlabula.
Ts'ebeliso ea mabanta a sekhomaretsi likutung hanghang pele ho qalisoa basebetsi ba morafong oa lehlabula.
E lokolloe lifiliming tsa lifilimi le tsa khalase (empa eseng sebakeng se bulehileng) sa bapalami - likokoanyana tsa parasitic, tse holiloeng likhoebong tse ikhethang.
Ho tlosa makhasi a nang le baahi kapa likarolo tsa eona ka tatellano ke tšenyo.
Ho hloekisa makhasi a oeleng ke mokhoa o bonolo le o bonolo ho feta oa tikoloho ho sireletsa lifate ho tloha basebetsi ba morafong mariha makhasi a oeleng. Makhasi a tlameha ho khaoloa ntle le ho a lematsa e le hore pupae e se ke ea tšoloha, mme e se ke ea chesa, empa e le manyolo ka litlama.
Ho cheka likutu tsa sefate le ho lokolla mobu tlasa meqhaka.
Likhoto tse futhumatsang tsa basebetsi ba basebetsi ba morafo le molapo oa metsi o tsoang setulong sa sefate nakong ea lehlabula le leholo molokong o mong le o mong.
Kenya kopo ka har'a lik'hemik'hale. Likokoanyana tse bolaeang limela ho sireletsa limela tse khabisitsoeng ho basebetsi ba merafong li sebelisoa ka ho fafatsa makhasi, mobu tlas'a limela, hammoho le liente ka hara kutu. Leha ho le joalo, ente ka sekoting e theko e phahameng, e etsa maemo a ho kenella ha likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic sefateng, mme ho kenella ha lijalo tse bolaeang mobu mobung ho kotsi ho baahi ba eona ba bangata. Haeba ho na le meloko e mengata ea basebetsi ba merafong, ho fafatsa limela tse 'maloa ho etsoa ka nako ea selemo.
Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa balaoli ba kholo le nts'etsopele ea likokoanyana (Dimilin, Match, Insegar, Nomolt) nakong ea lehlabula la batho ba baholo, le litokisetso tsa ketso ea mala - ho fihlela lehare le kenella makhasi.
Khahlano le "chestnut mineral", ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa Bi-58 ka makhetlo a mabeli e sebetsa; 40% ke, Dimilin 25% s.p., Karate050СБмкс .. Confidor Maxi vg. Match 050 EU ke, Aktara 25 WG, vg ka kenyelletso ea bahlahisi: Agro-surfactant kapa Agro-surfactant. E eketsehileng le ba bang
Ho sireletsa junipere e tloaelehileng ho tloha maqepe a sephooko sa juniper, ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa Actofit, CE (2 g / l), sekhahla sa phallo ke 4 ml / l, lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa Mphalane le lilemong tse leshome tsa pele tsa Phato.
Ho itšireletsa khahlanong le lintsintsi tsa meepo, li-organophosphorus insecticides (mohlala, Zolon, BI-58 e ncha) e sebelisoa ke limela tse fafatsang bofelong ba Phato, pele lintsintsi li ea ho diapusing, aneonicotinoids (mohlala, Confidor Maxi V.G., Aktara, Mospilan) -by ts'ebeliso ea mobu.
Ho sireletsa limela tsa litlama, limela tsa mahe a linotsi le limela tseo makhasi a tsona a jeoang, lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea lik'hemik'hale li lokela ho sebelisoa feela e le mokhoa oa ho qetela le ka nako e khothalelitsoeng.
Lingoloa li hlophisitsoe ke setsebi Valentina Meshkova, ngaka ea saense ea temo. mahlale, moprofesa
Kokoanyana ee ke eng?
Lintsintsi tsa merafo (kapa lintsintsi) ke lelapa lohle la Agromyzidae (lat), le kenyelletsang mefuta e ka bang 3,000. Kaofela ha tsona ke likokoana-hloko. Tsena ke lintsintsi tse nyane, kamor'a sebopeho, karolo e kholo ea thoracic e bonahala ka ho hlaka.Likarolo tse ling tse khethollang tsa lelapa ke mpa e pharalletseng, maoto a makgutshwane le mapheo a bonaletsang, a phatsimang hanyane ka letsatsi.
Phapang e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea limela e hlokomeloe ke litsebi tsa baeloji Jeremane. Karolong ea naha ena ho na le mefuta ea likokoanyana tse 350. Naheng ea Russia, libakeng tse nang le mocheso o batang, li nyane haholo - tse ka bang 100. Tse tloaelehileng haholo ho tsona:
- palegated - Liriomyza strigata,
- polyphagous - Phytomyza horticola,
- Chrysanthemum lekhasi - Phytomyza syngenesiae,
- nightshade - Linomyza bryoniae, jj.
Mefuta ena e tšoaetsa limela tse lenngoeng, e lematsang temo le mekhabiso ea lipalesa.
Kotsi ea fofa ea meepo e kotsing:
Lilava li hlaha kahare ho lithane tsa limela tse sa pheleng; mohatong oa pele oa nts'etsopele, li siea makhasi a mangata ebe li anya leroleng. Metsoako e baka li-necrosis tsa lisele tse potileng mme e bonahala hantle ka sebopeho sa matheba a khanyang holim'a makhasi, e leng se bakang ho bola le ho shoa ha limela tse nyane.
Lintsintsi tsa merafong li ama limela tsa mekhabiso (li-carnations, gerberas, freesias, chrysanthemums, cineraria), lijalo tse ngata tsa meroho, le furu ea meepo ea birch, e tloaelehileng karolong ea Europe ea Russia, e ama lifate tsa birch. Lerufie e kentsoeng ka tlas'a makhapetla a sefate, e ile ea fata likarolo tse telele tsa lehong, tse bitsoang libaka tsa mantlha lingoliloeng tsa meru. Wood e nang le lits'ebetso tse joalo e nkuoa e sa tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa le ho lahloa. Ntle le birch, e fofa le ho "basebetsi ba" minen
Litšobotsi tse kantle le mokhoa oa bophelo oa lintsintsi tsa meepo
Lintsintsi tsena li nyane ka boholo. Hangata 'mala oa tsona o sootho, o hlakile. Lintsintsi li na le lipalesa, ka thuso ea tsona li hlaba semela e le ho monya lero ho eona kapa ho behela mahe ho eona.
Liea e etsa likarolo tse matlafatsang liseleng tsa limela tse bitsoang merafong. Metsoako ea lintsintsi tsa liminerale e nyane - bolelele ha e fetang limilimitara tse 1-3. Nts'etsopele ea larvae e nka matsatsi a 14. Empa ka kakaretso, ntsintsi e hlaha ka libeke tse 3-5.
Hona le mefuta e 'maloa ea lintsintsi tsa meepo.
Tse ling tsa makhapetla a tsona mobung, ha tse ling li ka makhasi. Tšenyo ea limela ha e bakoe feela ke likhele, empa le lintsintsi tse holileng.
Potoloho ea bophelo ba likokoanyana
Lintsintsi li tsebahala ka ho ikatisa habeli: batho ba bong bo fapaneng, 'me ka mor'a nako e itseng, mosali o etsa kotloloho. O beha setho sa hae se khethehileng - ovipositor e nang le pheletso e bohale - botebong ba lekhapetla la limela. Kamora ho phunya joalo, lintlha tse bobebe tse tala li lula holim'a eona, tse nyamela ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ke karolo ea 15% feela ea masoba a bopehileng makhasi a hlokahalang bakeng sa masonry: liente tsohle tse ling li sebeletsa ho fepa motho e moholo ea nang le mineral fofa.
Ha ho feta matsatsi a mabeli ho isa ho a mahlano, makhopho a hlaha. Bakeng sa ho hola le ho ea mohatong o latelang oa nts'etsopele kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, ba qala ho ja haholo. Ho etsa sena, makhoaba a koenya makhasi a limela, a theha ka hara ona litsamaiso tse bitsoang "liqhomane". Kahoo lebitso la lelapa lohle.
Ha lisebelisoa tsa lekhasi le le leng li felile, mabele a qala ho tsamaea ka kutu le makala a semela ho batla sebaka se secha sa ho fepa. Kamora libeke tse peli, popo e qala. Makhopho a sefahleho ha a le holim 'a lekhasi, a akheha ebe o ea fatše. Moo, tlasa mobu o sephara, e tla fetoha chrysalis, moo ntsu e ncha e tla hlaha hamorao. Ho potoloha ka lehe ho isa ho kokoanyana e kholo ho nka matsatsi a 25 (mochesong oa moea oa 20 ° C).
Tšenyo ea Likokoanyana
Likokoanyana tsena li hlasela limela tse ngata tse lenngoeng. Mohlala, hangata u ka bona moepo o fofa ka likomkomere, ka nightshade le sefapanong. Khoele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e entsoeng ke motho e moholo, 'me thupelo, e ts'oeroeng ke lisele tse lapileng, e tlola ho tšepahala ha makhasi a semela se hlasetsoeng. Ho feta moo, ba fepa lero la eona le phetseng hantle.
Sena sohle se lebisa ntlheng ea hore:
- makhasi u ka bona lintlha tse khanyang, hangata ka necrosis ea lisele haufi,
- makhasi a nyamela butle butle ebe oa oa
- bulbs ea fokola le ho bola,
- semela se shoa butle butle.
Ka lebaka la tšenyo ea makhasi, sebaka sa bona se kenyelletsoeng ho fokotseha hoa fokotseha. Ka kopanelo le motsoako oa lero la sele ka sethala, semela se fokola, ka hona, se kenella mafu a mangata.
Ho Loantša Fofane ea Mining
Ho boloka ho lema le ho kotula, ha o tšoaetsoa ke lintsintsi tsa merafong, ho bohlokoa ho tlosa batho le makhoaba kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Sena se tla hloka limela tse sebetsanang le meriana e bolaeang likokonyana le litlhare, ho ts'oasa likokoanyana tse fofang li sebelisa maraba. Bakeng sa ho sireletsa lijalo tse lenngoeng ka jareteng esale pele, o hloka ho latela litlhahiso tsa thibelo.
Likotsi
Mokhoa o bonolo empa o sebetsang oa ho timetsa lintsintsi tse fofang miner ke ho theha maraba a khale a koahetsoeng ka sekaka se khang. Khetho e le 'ngoe ke litheipi tse khethehileng tse rekisoang mabenkeleng a Hardware. Li fanyehiloe setsheng se haufi le libethe le ka matloana a matala. Balemi ba bang ba lirapa ba iketsetsa leraba ka ho penta leqephe la plywood, chipboard, linoleum, jj. Ka mosehla le ho koahela bokaholimo ka ntho e khang. Mohlala, petroleum jelly kapa tharollo e khabisitsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng.
Haeba tšoaetso e tebile, joale maraba a ke ke a etsa: ke nako ea ho sebelisa lik'hemik'hale.
Ho sebelisa meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana
Khahlanong le lintsintsi tse sebetsanang le litaba tsa temo, ho sebelisitsoe lihlopha tse peli tsa meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana, tse bonts'itseng katleho ea tsona ts'ebetsong:
- Lithako tsa phosphorus: tsena ke BI-58, Zolon le ba bang. Mekhoa ea kalafo e nang le li-agents tsena e etsoa ka ho qala ha hoetla, ka nako eo likokoanyana li batlang bolulo bakeng sa mariha. Ka tloaelo, likokoana-hloko tse nang le phosphorus li sebelisoa ho fafatsa likutu tsa sefate sa litholoana le makala a shrub.
- Neonicotinoids: Aktara e tummeng, hammoho le Confidor, Mospilan, jj. Li loketse limela tse nyane. Ha li fafatse eena feela, empa hape li tšolla lefatše ho pota.
Ho bohlokoa ho hopola kotsi ea lithethefatsi tsena, ho kenyeletsoa le batho. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso mosebetsing mme o latela litaelo ho sesebelisoa. Ho lebisoa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho lefuoa ho latela hore na ts'ebetso e ka ba e bolokehileng bakeng sa meroho le litholoana.
Haeba mehato e nkuoa ka nako, fofa ea meepo e ke ke ea ba le nako ea ho senya karolo e kholo ea makhasi. Ka hona, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe khafetsa pula, 'me ka "li-call tse ferekanyang" tsa pele ho qala ho etsa lintho ka mafolofolo.
Kotsi ho tsa temo
Haeba basebetsi ba merafong ba ikatisa ka bongata, joale ba lieha kholo ea limela, makhasi a qala ho omella ebe a oa. Le palo e nyane ea likokoana-hloko tsena e fokotsa tlhahiso ea lijalo.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.
Ha fofane ea meepo e hlaha:
Lintsintsi tsa merafong li hlaha hoetla le hlabula, ha mocheso oa moea le mongobo oa lona o qala ho phahama. Haeba ha u e-so bone disenyi tse joalo, hlahloba ka hloko limela tsohle tse tlisitsoeng, ho kenyeletsa le lipalesa tse sehiloeng, 'me u sebelise mobu o netefalitsoeng o se nang le lijalo bakeng sa ho fetisoa. Reka limela feela ka bophelo bo botle bao o netefalitseng karolo ea lekholo. Hape, ela hloko ha o isa limela ho le foranteng lehlabula: le ha e fofa ha e khone ho tsamaea maeto a malelele ka bo eona, moea o e etsetsa eona.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le fofa ea meepo:
Mohato o motle oa thibelo le tšitiso khahlano le tlhaselo e kholo ea linonyana tsa meepo ke mefuta eohle ea maraba a nang le metsoako e khang e hohelang lintsintsi ka mebala ea tsona e khanyang kapa monko oa ho hohela. Tšitiso e ka tšeptjoang ho sena le likokoanyana tse ling tse ngata e tla ba letlooa la fensetere le entsoeng ka lesela la polyester le lohiloeng hantle, e leng boholo ba lisele tsa lona tse nyane ka ho lekaneng hore nonyana e se ke ea kenella ka phapusing.
Haeba ts'oaetso ea semela e ntse e etsahala - o tlameha ho sebelisa mekhoa e matla haholo. Pele ho tsohle, limela le makhasi a tsona, a sentsoeng hampe ke ntsintsi ea meepo le makhasi a eona, a lokela ho senngoa hampe ka ho cha. Limela tseo tse ntseng li ka bolokoa, ha ts'oaetso e le ea tlhaho e kholo, e alafshoa ka likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana (actellic, karbofos, phytoverm), tse fafalitsoeng habeli. Ntsu ea onion e hlaseloa ka ho hlahisa bazudin kapa senna se fofang mobung. Ho sebelisa koae kapa lerōle la shaggy ho tla ama likokoanyana hape, ho bapala karolo ea thibelo.
decis, CE (25 g / l) 2 di ml / 10 l ea metsi,
malathion, SP (100 g / kg) 90 g / 10 l ea metsi,
kinmixom, CE, ME (50 g / l) 2,5 ml / 10 l ea metsi.