Burbot, kapa burbot e tloaelehileng (tlase (Latin Lota lota), menyok (Lake Onega), tlase (ka boroa), Mattica (Karelian), Ney (Nenets), Kurt (Tat.), panne (Ostyak), syagan, syalysar (yakut.), luts (est.), vedzele (latvian), burbot (english), rutte, quappe (Jeremane), letsha (norv. le holima), e entsoe (fin.), lotte (Mof.) - Tlhapi e le 'ngoe feela ea metsi a hloekileng a mofuta oa cod-like (Gadiformes).

Matšoao Mmele o phahame, o koahetsoe ka sekala se nyane haholo, hlooho e boreleli, mohatla o hatelletsoe ho tloha mahlakoreng, ho na le moustache moqomong, meno a bopehileng joalo ka bristle a fumaneha ka mehlahare le opener.

Ho na le makhopho a mabeli a dorsal (ea bobeli ea bolelele), maqhubu a anal - e le 'ngoe. Gill stamens 4-11. Li-appendant tsa Pyloric 20-67 (ka Bochabela Siberia ho ea ho 85). Vertebra (58) 59-65 (66). 1 I) 9-15 (16), II D 68-85 (93), A 63-81 (85).

Mefuta e amanang. East Siberian burbot (L. lota leptura) le American burbot (L. lota maculosa), e fapaneng ka bophara ba phatla, sebaka se pakeng tsa pheletso ea phatla ho I D le bophahamo ba kutu ea caudal.

Ho jaleha. E atile haholo ebile e mengata linokeng, mabopong le matšeng a karolong e ka leboea ea Europe le Asia, e kenelletseng ka nqa ea boroa ho fihla ho 45 ° C. w. le libakeng tse ling ka boroa (Rhone, ka seoelo Seine le Loire, Danube, libaka tse tlase tsa Kura le Sefidrud). Bochabela bo Hare ho na le beisine ea Amur, libakeng tse holimo tsa Noka ea Yalu le Sakhalin. E etsahala le metsing a brackish.

Matšeng a lithaba tse fumanehang bophahamong ba limithara tse 2000 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.

Ho leba boroa e ba nyane ebile e nyane.

E lula hohle metsing a Russia, ntle le Crimea, Transcaucasia e ka bophirimela, Caucasus Leboea, lebopo le ka bochabela la Leoatle la Caspian, mabopo a Aral le Balkhash, Primorye ka boroa le Kamchatka.

Biology ea burbot

Tšobotsi. Burbot ke eona feela mefuta ea lelapa la codfish e lulang metsing a hloekileng. Litlhapi li rata moea o batang, oa hlahisa le ho fepa nakong ea mariha.

Ho futhumatsa metsi lehlabula ho na le phello e thibelang bophelo ba burbot ho isa tekanyong e lekanang le botenya, ebe e ipata tlasa li-karche, marako, majoe, e khetha libaka tse haufi le mehloli ea linotlolo le linotlolo. E fapana haholo ka 'mala, boholo, mofuteng oa phepo e nepahetseng le matšoao a mang a mangata.

Habitat, lilemo, boholo, boholo le ho ts'oasa litlhapi bakeng sa Nalim

Ho senya. Nako e telele, e etsahala mariha, hangata ho tloha bofelong ba December ho isa ka Hlakubele le Mots'eanong ka mocheso oa metsi o haufi le 0 °. Nokeng Shee bolelele ba ho hlaha bo tlalehiloe bofelong ba Pherekhong - qalong ea Hlakubele.

Libaka tse bulehileng li fumaneha mabopong a linoka, linoka le matša, a botebo ba 1,3 m, mobung oa majoe le a letsopa, 'me ka linako tse ling a na le lekhala le letala. Ho mela ho itšetlehile haholo ka boholo: bakeng sa burbot 24 cm ka nako e telele - mahe a likete tse 57,2, bakeng sa burbot 97 cm - mahe a limilione tse 3.

Nts'etsopele. Mahe a ntseng a hola a na le bophara ba limilone tse ka bang 96--1.14 limilimithara, a 'mala o moputsoa (ho bonesa lebone), a pepeneneng, ka lerotholi la mafura, kamora hore a le manyolo a bile a se a fokolisitsoe molemong oa katlase, empa matamong a' ona a fumane caviar e maemong a pelagic. Ho latela mehloli e meng, mokoetla oa burbot o ka tlase, empa ha o thata.

Ho kenella nako ho nka matsatsi a 28 kapa ho feta, ho isa ho likhoeli tse 2,5, ho latela mocheso oa metsi. Mocheso o loketseng ho tloha 0 ho isa ho 2-3 (5) °. Bolelele ba larvae e betliloeng (3) ke 3,8-4.3 mm. Ho haptjoa ha makhopho ho bonahala eka ka May. Ka Phuptjane, li-larvae tse bolelele ba 8-10 mm li ile tsa tšoaroa setsing sa Volga ka tlase ho Cheboksary. Fry ka linako tse ling e ts'oaroa metsing a setseng a likhohola (ilmeni).

Li-fledglings li lula lebopong nakong ea lehlabula, hammoho le sculpin, ebe li hola butle. Ka la 9 Phato (1935), bana ba selemo sa 5.3 ba ile ba ts'oaroa Letšeng la Yuksovsky (Leningrad Oblast).

Bophahamo. E fihlela bolelele ba limithara tse fetang (hangata e le tlase). Boima ho isa ho 24 kg (Lake Onega) le tse ling.

Ka ho ts'oasa litlhapi, batho ka bomong ba boima ba ho tloha ho 0,2 ho isa ho tse peli ho ea ho tse 1; linokeng tsa Siberia, li-burbot li kholo ho feta.

Mefuta e meraro ea li-burbot e khethollotsoe matšeng a Trans-Ural: 1) ea bohlooho, burbot e kholo e boima ba 12-16 kg le ho feta, moo kholo e bang teng ha e fihla bolelele ba bonyane 35 cm, 2) mosehla, linokeng le matšeng le 3) e ntso e sa tebang. , e boima bo sa feteng 2 kg le bolelele ba 35 cm, e ba ea holileng tsebong ka mor'a ho fihla ho 18 cm.

Kholo e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea burbot e bonoa ho Ob. Burbot ha a le lilemo li 12 - - - ho tloha Lake Teletskoye e na le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 76, ho tloha Pechora - 92 cm, ho tloha Lake Onega a le lilemo li 22 - 112 cm le boima ba 12 kg.

Phepo e nepahetseng. Predator e ja salmon, whitefish, cyprinids, cyprinidae, perch, smelt le litlhapi tse ling le mahe a tsona, hammoho le batho ba mefuta ea bona. Malinyane le li-burbots tse nyane (nako le nako le ba holileng tsebong ka thobalano) li ja likokoana-hloko tse tlase, li-chironomids, liboko, li-larvae tsa "dragonfly" ka linako tse ling li-crustaceans tse nyane, crayfish le tlhapi ea tlhapi.

Volga le Sviyaga, li-burbot li fepa ka li-invertebrates le seoelo litlhapi. Hangata o ja bosiu.

Bahlahisi. Pike, taimen, lenok, salmon, paly, perch, eel, catfish.

Lira Catfish, taimen, lenok.

Ho falla. Ka hoetla (ka Loetse), ka ho fokotseha ha mocheso oa metsi, burbot e qala ho nyoloha. Thupelo ena e mpefala kamora ho bata, haholo nakong ea ho tloha ka Mphalane ho fihlela ka Pherekhong - Hlakubele.

LIJO TSA NALIM

Boleng. Ha ho na datha e felletseng mabapi le likotsi tsa burbot. Barekisi ba litlhapi ka leboea e ne e le bonyane liketane tse 10,6. Lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa 1936-1939 seterekeng sa Oskotazovsky, e ne e le li-kentara tse likete tse 12, seterekeng sa Narymsky - ho fihla ho li-Centers tse likete tse 2,5 ho isa ho tse 200, Kolyma okrug, ka ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse fokolang - ho fihla ho li-century tse likete tse 3,7, Letšeng la Onega - Lake Ladoga - likete tse 2

Likatse tse Baikal li ikemiselitsoe ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ho li-Centers tse likete tse 5-7. Li-stock tsa Burbot metsing a ka leboea li bohlokoa. Mohlomong nts'etsopele ea ho tšoasa litlhapi tse khethehileng bakeng sa burbot linokeng le matšeng a ka leboea le Baikal.

Ntle le keketseho e kholo ea likatse, ketsahalo ena e tla ba le phello e molemo matlong a li-whitefish le nelma, tse burbot li jang caviar.

Mahlale le mokhoa oa ho ts'oasa lihlapi. Ba tsongoa ka liphooko, litlhakoana, litekanyetso, likhoele tsa ho ts'oasa. Joalo ka ho ts'oasa litlhapi, burbot e tšoasoa ka letlooa, kapa letlooa. Ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse kholo ho etsahala nakong ea ho jala (December - Hlakubele) le ho fepa (Mphalane - Phuptjane). Nakong ea ho futhumala ha metsi, burbot e tla ka seoelo, e le 'ngoe.

E sebelisa. Burbot e rekisoa ka bongata ka sebopeho se secha le serame, lebese le sebete li ratoa ka ho khetheha, sebete se boetse se etsoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo tse ka makotikoting ("burbot sebete in tamati") le bakeng sa phepelo ea oli ea tlhapi ea bongaka. Boima ba sebete 'meleng oa Kolyma burbot bo fihla ho 9%, hangata haholo - 6% ea boima ba litlhapi.

Letlalo la likhaba tse kholo tsa Siberia le sebelisetsoa ho etsa mekotla, liaparo tse se nang metsi le lesela la siling. Sejoana se fumaneha ka bladder ea ho sesa, empa ea boleng bo seng botle.

Ponahalo ea burbot

Burbot e na le mmele o holang. Karolong e ka pele ea mmele o pota-potiloe, 'me o haufi le mohatla ha o hahelloa ka mahlakoreng. Hlooho e kholo, e boreleli.

Molomo oa litlhapi tsena o pharaletse ka meno a manyane, athe mohlahare o ka tlase o molelele ho feta holimo. Linonyana tse nyane lia hola mohlahareng o kaholimo - e le 'ngoe ka lehlakoreng le leng. Ka mohlahare o ka tlase o hola litelu tse 1 tse telele.

Burbot e na le 'mala o ikhethang oa' mele.

Mofuta oa burbot o na le mapheo a mabeli a dorsal - 'mete oa ka pele o mokhuts'oane,' me chelete ea hae e ka morao e ea fihla khabong ea bohlaka. Chelete ea caudal le eona e telele; e na le sebopeho se chitja. Masiba a pectoral a sephara 'me a tšoana le fan ka sebopeho. Masiba a harehileng a fumaneha 'metso, a molelele ebile a moqotetsane ka sebopeho.

Mmele oa burbot o koahetsoe ka likala tse nyane. Likala li koaheloa ke 'mele kaofela. Mmala oa baemeli ba mofuta ona o ka fapana, o lumellana le maemo a tikoloho. Ntle le moo, 'mala oa' mele o ka fetoha le lilemo. Litlhapi tse kholo li bobebe ho feta bacha. Khafetsa, mahlakore le morao li na le 'mala o lefifi ka' mala, li fafalitsoe ka 'mala o mosehla o lefifi oa libopeho tse fapaneng. Mpa e bobebe hanyane ho feta mokokotlo. Makhopho a khabisitsoe ka libaka tse lefifi.

LiNale li hola bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 120, ha li le boima ba li-kilogram tse 20. Empa boholo ba litlhapi bo itšetlehile haholo ka sebaka sa tlhaho. Mohlala, baemeli ba boroa ba banyane haholo ho feta ba leboea.

Litlhapi li ile tsa metsa likhoto tseo.

Li-Nalim li na le moea o batang, ka hona linoka tsa Yenisei, Lena le Ob li rateha bakeng sa litlhapi tsena ho feta Amur. Libata tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li lula setsing sa nōka sa Lena. Ka hona, batšoasi ba litlhapi ba batla burbot e kholo ka ho fetisisa Yakutia.

Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Burbot

Kaha litlhapi tsena li na le mapheoana a manyane, sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore li qoba linoka tse nang le motlakase o matla, moo lebelo le matla li leng bohlokoa haholo. Sebaka se ratoang sa burbot se pholile, linōka tse hloekileng li na le lejoe le lehlabathe.

Lehlabuleng, ha metsi a futhumala le ho feta, burbot e nyolohela botebo moo e pholile ka likhato tse 'maloa. Ka metsi a futhumetseng, litlhapi tsena ha li sebetse, 'me ka mocheso oa likhato tse 25 lefu le ba teng.

Ka hoetla, li-burbots li qala ho bonts'a ts'ebetso e phahameng. Ka nako ena, li fepa haholo. Sisteme e jang lijo e sebetsana le metsi a batang feela.

Burbot ke sebatana. Fry fepa ka li-invertebrates, liphoofolo tse nyane li jang li-crustaceans le zooplankton. Batho ba baholo ba ja liphofu, likerese, mabone, litoeba, bohlooho. Ntle le moo, lijo li na le linoha, lihoho le linonyana.

Li-burbots li tsoma bosiu, li tataisoa ke mohopolo oa monko le ho ama. Tlhokomelo e ikhethang ho burbot e bakoa ke melumo e lerata le phofu e monko. Hape, lihlapi tsena li iphepa ka carrion.

Burbot ke tlhapi e jang nama.

Ho hlahisa le ho phela nako e telele

Ho kena lilemong tsa bosholu ho etsahala lilemong tse 4,7. Burbot e hlaha ka December-Hlakubele. Hangata litlhapi li tlatsoa ka tlas'a leqhoa, ha mocheso oa metsi o le likhato tse 1-4. Li-burbot ha li na libaka tse hlakileng tsa ho senya. Tse tšehali li behela mahe ka kotloloho mokolokong oa metsi.

Mocheso oa metsi o ama nako ea ho kenella nakong ea ho kenella - e ka nka matsatsi a 30 ho isa ho a 128. Caviar e phalla ka boteng ba leqhoa, ho fihlela e otloa ka har'a molumo o pakeng tsa majoe. Liea tse halikiloeng li sesa li sesa feela. Ba hola ka potlako, ba ipata matlong a bakhachane motšehare mme ba mafolofolo bosiu. Selemong sa pele, kholo ea bacha e hola ho fihla ho 11-12 cm, ka selemo sa bobeli ho eketsoa lisentimetara tse ling tse 10.

Tse tšehali li hlaha lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli, mme tse tona li nka karolo ho ikatisa selemo se seng le se seng. Li-burbots li phela ka karolelano ea lilemo tse 20-25.

Ho tšoasa litlhapi

Ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa Burbot ho tsoela pele selemo ho pota. Tlhapi e phahameng ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ke Mphalane, likhoeli tsohle tsa mariha le Mphalane-Mmesa. Ho lata burbot ho molemo bosiu ho fihlela ka 5 hoseng. Kaha tsena ke libatana tse ka tlase, ho khothalletsoa hore ho tšoasoe litlhapi tse ka tlase tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Burbot e boetse e ts'oaroa ka lithupa le li-spinner tsa sheer.

Ha lijo, nama le lijo-thollo li sebelisoa. Mormyshka, crustaceans, likotoana tsa nama, lihohoana, makhoaba a manyane le boea bo botšo li loketse mohloa. Ho hola hanyane ho tšoasoa liboko le lipompo tsa mali. Burbot ke tlhapi e matla, kahoo ha motšoasi oa litlhapi a e hula, oa e hlola. Empa hlapi e metsa sekholopane ka matla, ka hona, ha e robehe.

Sebete sa Burbot se nkoa se le molemo haholo, se na le livithamini A le D ho feta oli ea tlhapi. Palo ea livithamini e itšetleha ka lijo tsa tlhapi. Sebete se etsa karolo ea 10% ea 'mele kaofela oa litlhapi. Ka mantsoe a mang, sebete se na le makhetlo a 6 ho feta litlhapi tse ling tse hloekileng tsa metsi a hloekileng.

Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.

Tlhaloso ea tlhaho

Nalim e ka fapana ka boholo kapa 'mala, empa bafuputsi ba bangata baa lumela hore ha ho na kelello ho khetholla lihlapi tsena ka li-subspecies. Bahanyetsi ba bona, ho ekelletsa ho burbot e tloaelehileng ea Europe, le bona ba khetholla ba metsero e mesesaane, ba lulang libakeng tse ka leboea mme ba ajoa karolong e ka bophirima ea burbot ea Amerika.

Mmele oa burbot o phahame haholo, 'me haeba karolo e ka pele e le cylindrical, joale mokokotlo, mohatla, o boreleli ebe o kenella mohatleng hantle. Hlooho e kholo e sephara e khabisitsoe ka antennae e meraro, eo e 'ngoe ea eona e sa haelloang, e leng seaparong. Mahlo a manyane, empa molomo o moholo ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang, o na le mehlahare e tiileng, e tiisang ho rerela tlhapi esale pele. Colouring, ho tloha ho sootho ho lefifi ho isa ho sootho e sootho, ha e itšetlehe ka 'mala oa mobu oa sebaka feela, empa hape le lilemo tsa hore na ke litlhapi tse kae.

Finors ea dorsal e arotsoe likarolo tse peli, e khuts'oane e haufi le hlooho, ea bobeli, e telele, joalo ka ea bolelele anal, ehlile e haufi, empa ha e hokahane le mohatla. Sekala sa burbot se nyane, 'me' mele kaofela o koahetsoe ke mucus, e etsang hore lihlapi li thellehe haholo. Boholo ba burbot ea motho e moholo hangata bo feta mitha, mme boima bo fihla ho li-kilos tse 20 kapa ho feta. Ke 'nete hore liphoofolo tsa litonanahali tsa noka li se li fumaneha seoelo.

Habitat

Burbot e lumellana hantle le maemo a tlhaho, kahoo o ka tšoasa litlhapi metsing a lik'honthinente tsohle tse hlano. Leha ho le joalo, palo e kholo ea linōka ke tšobotsi ea linoka (ho kenyeletsoa ho tsoa ho linyeoa) tse phallela Leoatleng la Arctic. Ntle le linoka, burbot e lula matšeng, matlong a maiketsetso le matangoaneng a nang le metsi a batang le a hlakileng, lejoe kapa lehlabathe le tlase. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore burbot ha e lule metsing a litšila a metsi, e leng se etsahallang linaha tsa Europe Bochabela. Teng, ho sa natse mekhoa ea ho tšoasa litlhapi e sa thibeloang, setoko sa burbot sea fokotseha 'me libakeng tse ling litlhapi li se li le haufi le ho fela.

Ka lehlohonolo, tlhapi ena e ntse e fumanoa Russia, le ka bongata, haholo metsing a sebaka sa Arctic, mabopong a leoatle la Baltic, White, Black and Caspian. Baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba likamoreng tsa linoka tsa Siberia, joalo ka Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Anadyr, joalo-joalo har'a matša a ka leboea, Taimyr, Teletskoe, Zaysan le Baikal ba bohlokoa. Ho na le li-burbot tse ngata Bochabela bo Hare, haholo-holo Sakhalin le Lihlekehlekeng tsa Shantar, 'me litlhapi li atisa ho ea libakeng tsa leoatle ka letsoai le tlase.

Ho boetse ho na le mefuta ea li-burbot tse mahareng tse etsang hore maeto a malelele a nako e telele a fetang libaka tse bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse sekete.