Tlhapi e khubelu e tsebahalang haholo Russia, e sebelisetsoang ho salting le ho baka, ke salmon, salmon e pinki, salmon, salmon, salmon le coho salmon. Khahlano le semelo sa bona, sim e lula e le nyane - tlhapi, eo, joalo ka tse ling kaofela, e bolelang lintho tse tšoasang litlhapi tsa bohlokoa. E na le tatso e bobebe, e pheha kapele haholo. Mme litaba tsa livithamini le liminerale tse phetseng hantle ha li tlase ho litlhapi tse ling tse khubelu.
Boleng ba phepo le lijo tsa khalori
Sima ke mofuta oa litlhapi tse khubelu, 'me ka thepa ea eona e molemo e ka bapisoa le salmon le trout. E na le mafura a mangata a mafura Omega-3 le Omega-6, a thibelang nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis, amino acid e sirelletsang khahlanong le mofets'e le lefu la tsoekere, selenium - vithamine e fanang ka ho liehisa botsofaling le ho fana ka nako e telele.
Latsa mofuta oa litlhapi
Sima ke tlhapi e bonolo, tatso ea eona e ikhethile. U hloka ho e pheha kapele, haeba u hloloheloa motsotso, e tla omisoa ebe e lahleheloa ke ho ba tlhaho ea eona.
Tatso e khahlisang e fumanoa ka sims e letsoai. Ka meqathatso, e tšoana hantle le caviar ea skeon skere kapa tlhapi e 'ngoe e khubelu. Ka hona, hangata sim e nokoa ka letsoai, 'me ka mor'a moo e apehoe ka foil kapa e halikiloe ka batter. Ho tsoa ho tlhapi ena ho fumaneha tsebe e monate haholo, e nang le mafura a 'mala o pinki.
Sima: ho pheha ka ontong le ka pan
Juicy sim e fumanoa ka ho baka ka ontong (ka foil). Ntle le moo, o ka sebelisa meroho efe kapa efe, empa ho molemo ho nka tamati le zucchini. Lero la meroho le tla ja nama ea Sima ka bongata, 'me tatso ea eona e tla ba bonolo le ho feta.
Khaola litlhapi ka ho li-steaks, tse bolelele ba 2,5 cm, u fafatse ka lero la lemone mme u romelle sehatsetsing bakeng sa ho kha metsi bonyane hora. Ka nako ena khaola zucchini le tamati ka mehele e tšesaane, 'me u e tsamaise ka lekana pampiring e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea foil. Beha li-steaks holimo. Letsoai, pepere, thatela le ho romella ka ontong preheated ho likhato tse 200 bakeng sa metsotso e 30.
Sim e halikiloeng e fetoha e omelletseng ba bangata. Ka hona, pele o romela litlhapi ka pane, e lokela ho ba marokho. Ho etsa sena, bakeng sa 1 kg ea sim, e khaotsoe likoto tse arotsoeng, o tla hloka: 250 ml ea lebese (metsi a phehiloeng), letsoai, pepere, dill e omisitsoeng, marotholi a 2-3 a lero la apole ea cider (veine e ka ba), li-clove tsa 2-3 tsa konofolo (e tšeloe ka mochining). Lokisetsa marinade ho tsoa linoko, e tlatse ka tlhapi ebe ue tlohela mocheso oa kamore lihora tse 'maloa.
Kamora nako e boletsoeng, sim e huloa marinade. Ntle le ho tlosa dill mane na kapa sekhechana, tšela litlhapi ka phofo ebe u li romella ka pane e chesang e halikiloeng ka botoro. Fry ho fihlela putsoa ka khauta ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli. Sima (tlhapi) e na le lero haholo, empa ka mor'a marinade e nang le lebese, tatso ea eona e bobebe haholoanyane. Pheha ka pane ntle le sekwahelo.
Mokhoa oa ho latsoa litlhapi tsa sim ka lihora tse 12
Litlhapi tse khubelu (ho kenyeletsoa le sim) li boloka thepa ea lona e sebetsang ka botlalo ka mokhoa oa letsoai feela. Mekhoa eohle e meng ea ho e sebetsa ha e ratoe.
Bakeng sa sim - tlhapi, eo setšoantšo sa eona se hlahisitsoeng ka holimo - ho pheha ka potlako, lithaelese tsa sona ha li khaoloe ho feta cm cm 1. Bakeng sa salate, letsoai le tsoekere ha li sebelisoe ka karolelano ea 1: 1. Palo ea linoko e lekana hantle le boima ba litlhapi.
Tsebe ea tsebe
Lijo tsa pele, tse lokiselitsoeng ke ho tšoasoa ke Sims ke batšoasi ba litlhapi ke tsebe. Ho lumeloa hore ho tsoa ho moemeli enoa oa lelapa la salmon o fumana monate ka ho fetisisa.
Lithako tsa sopho e kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tse joalo (bakeng sa lilithara tse peli tsa metsi): litapole - 700 g, lieie le lihoete, konofolo, kalaka, dill mane, letsoai, pepere, sim. Lipheho tsa ho pheha sopho ea litlhapi tse tsoang ho mefuta e meng ea litlhapi ntlheng ena ha li tšoanelehe ka botlalo, e amanang le tatso ea nama e hlephileng. Haeba ue eketsa paneng bonyane metsotso e 'maloa pejana, litlhapi li tla oa.
Litlhapi tsa Sim li fumanoa kae?
Sima e lula feela metsing a leoatle la Asia Leoatleng la Pacific - ho tloha Nokeng ea Amur ho ea Tumen-ula. E fumaneha haholo beseng ea Leoatle la Japane. Ka tlholeho, ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea tlhapi ena - e fallang ebile e lula ho eona.
Lekeno le ka fumanoa:
- on Sakhalin
- Japane
- Lihlekehlekeng tsa Kuril
- Nokeng ea Primorye,
- ka boroa ho Kamchatka (ka bongata le ka nako ea ho nyalisoa feela),
- ka Busan
- nokeng e mabifi.
Sim ea bolulo ha e rate metsi a leoatle haholo, a khetha ho lula linokeng. E nyane hanyane ho feta bo-mphato ba hae ba leoatle le bophelo:
- Japane
- naheng ea Taiwan
- on Sakhalin
- in Primorye,
- Khabarovsk Territory.
Sima litlhapi roe
Letšolo la ho qhala la Sims le qala ka Mphalane 'me le tšoarella ho fihlela halofo ea pele ea Phupu. Kamchatka, e ka hulanama ho fihlela qetellong ea Phupu. Sim o khetha sebaka seo a tla se sutumetsa libakeng tse holimo tsa linōka le linōka tse phallang ho tsona. Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa sesebelisoa sa socket ke:
- fokola hona joale
- boteng ba lefika kapa lejoe le chitja.
Hang ha sim e fihla sebakeng se nepahetseng, e tsoela pele ka kotloloho ho e nchafala, e ntseng e tsoela pele ho fihlela hoetla. Kamora hore mora a belehe ngoana, oa shoa.
Caviar ea tlhapi ena e nkoa e le ntho ea nnete e ratehang. Boholo ba letsoai. Theko ka kilogerama e le 'ngoe ea sima caviar e tsoa ho li-ruble tse 5 000 ka kilo.
Melemo e sebetsang ea litlhapi tsa sim
Litaba tsa khalori ea sim e nyane - ke li-kilocalories tse 208 feela ka ligrama tse 100 tsa sehlahisoa, empa se na le mafura le liprotheine tse ngata, ka lebaka leo tlhapi e fumanang tatso e ikhethang. Lijoa life kapa life tsa sima li tla hlokahala haholo tafoleng bakeng sa baatlelete le ba jang.
Har'a thepa ea bohlokoa ea tlhapi ena, ke rata ho elelloa pele:
- boteng ba li-acid tsa Omega-3 le Omega-6, tse sa lumelleng nts'etsopele ea atherosmithosis,
- ho ba teng ha li-amino acid tse sirelletsang 'mele ho li-oncology le lefu la tsoekere,
- Nama ea Sima e na le vithamini Selenium e sa tloaelehang, ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea eona e ka liehisang botsofe mme ea fana ka lilemo tse 'maloa tse eketsehileng tsa bophelo.
Mokhoa oa ho pheha sim
Ha e le hantle, ho ts'oaroa hohle ha sim (hoo e ka bang likarolo tse tharo) ho nkoe le ho tsuba. Karolo e le 'ngoe ea kotara e setseng e ea mabenkeleng a polokelo a koahetsoeng ke setopo kaofela kapa e le lihlahisoa tse felileng. Hape, lijo tsa balyk le tse makotikoting li entsoe ka sim. Bona le: Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa letsoai la salmon caviar
Lihlahisoa tse koahetsoeng ka leqhoa tse tsoang ho tsona li halikiloe ka pane kapa ka mollo o bulehileng (barbecue, barbecue), tse phehiloeng, tse phehiloeng ka ontong, jj. E le hore sim e se ke ea tsoa e omme, e tlameha ho ba le marang pele e halala ebe e pheha kapele, ntle le ho e chesa ka mollo. Ho seng joalo, sim e ka lahleheloa ke boea ba eona, 'me ka eona le tatso e ikhethang.
Recipe ea Sims
Ho na le tsela e potlakileng ea ho salting sims, e sa feteng lihora tse 12.
- Litlhapi li khaoloa ka liseke ha li bophara bo fetang 1 cm,
- E kenngoa ka sejaneng sa khalase,
- E tšeloa ka motsoako oa tsoekere le letsoai (1: 1),
- E koaetsoe ka thata ka sekwahelo ebe e romeloa sehatsetsing.
- Kamora lihora tse 12, tlhapi e se e loketse ho e ja.
SIMULAR BIOLOGY
Litlhapi tse ferekanyang tsa Sima: li lula leoatleng, li tsoala linokeng. Japane e etsa mofuta oa bolulo linōkeng le matšeng. E mela hang hang bophelong, ka mor'a moo e shoa.
E etsahala Amur ho tloha bofelong ba Phupu ho isa bohareng ba Phato, seterekeng sa Posyetsky - ka Loetse, Japane - ka Loetse - Mphalane. Ho mela ho etsahala ka mocheso oa 7-12 °, mobung o monyane oa lejoe moo mahe a pateloang teng.
Ho ikatisa ke mahe a likete tse 1,4-5,2, karolelano ea mahe a likete tse 3,2.
Caviar, joalo ka salmon eohle, e tlase. Malinyane a lutse ka nokeng nako e fetang selemo, a fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10, ka linako tse ling a le 90 cm. Mefuta e meholo ea sena boholo e na le metopa e meholo e 7-11 e moputsoa ka mahlakoreng a 'mele.
Sima e nka bolelele ba cm cm 71 le boima ba 9 kg.
Boholo ba litlhapi tsa Sim tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi li fapane libakeng tse fapaneng. Seterekeng sa Posyetsky, bolelele ke 52-68 cm, ka cm cm 61, boima ba 4 kg, nokeng. Cumin e phallela kahare ho Setatare, bolelele ho fihlela ho lisenthimithara tse 71 le boima ho isa ho 9 kg (bophara: bolelele 60-63 cm, boima ba 4-5,5 kg), libakeng tse tlase tsa Noka ea Amur 46-67 cm, bolelele ba 54-57 cm, boima -1.6-3.2 kg, karolelano ea 2,3 kg.
Sebopeho sa metsi a hloekileng a bolulo ea litlhapi tsa Sim se fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 28. Sim hangata e butsoa ka boraro, hangata hangata selemong sa bone sa bophelo. Male Sims tse tsamaeang ka nokeng li fihla boroetsaneng ka bolelele ba 18 cm.
Sima ke sebatana, joalo ka litlhapi tse ling tsa Pacific.
Mefuta e meng ea genus Oncorhynchus ke pinki saalmon le tse ling.
Sima ke salmon ea pele e fallang ho kena Amur kamora ho e bula, lilemong tse ling ho tloha qalong ea Mots'eanong, hangata ho tloha bohareng ba Mots'eanong ho isa qalong ea Pherekhong. Joaloka salmon e pinki, 'me ho fapana le salmon ea chum, e ea Amur ho tloha boroa, ho tloha Leoatleng la Japane. Bolelele ba thupelo libakeng tse tlase tsa Noka ea Amur bohareng ba Phupu, qetellong - qetellong ea Phato - qalong ea Phato.
Amur, li-assimens tse le 'ngoe li nyoloha ka 300-500 km ka holim'a Nikolaevsk. Malinyane a kenella leoatleng a le lilemo li ka bang selemo kapa ho feta.
TISHELISO SIMA
Sima e etsoa feela ka hare ho Russia, Korea le Japane. Likoluoa tsa Majapane li ile tsa fihla ho ba makholo a likete tse 292 ka 1915 (ka 1923-1925 ha li ka tsa fetisa ba lekholo ba likete tse 126, mme ka 1936-1938 tsa theohela ho ba likete tse lekholo), ka bongata bo boholo bo neng bo kotuloa ho tsoa Hokkaido. Korea, likotsi li ka ba lithane tse 8-26 (1936-1939).
Ka metsing a Russia, sim e fokola ka palo, 'me e ne e tšoere lithane tse likete tse 69 (1936-1939), likotsi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li ne li le nokeng. Tumnin, ho ea pele ho leq. Moepo, Botchi, Samarga. Sima ke taba ea ho ikatisa.
Mahlale le mokhoa oa ho ts'oasa lihlapi
The sim e tšoaroa nakong ea letlooa le tsitsitseng (Japane le eona ka matlooa a sejoaletseng).
Likarolo tse tharo tsa ho tšoasa kaofela li tšoaroa ka salting e bohareng kapa e matla, ka linako tse ling e lateloa ke ho tsuba ho batang. Karolo ea ho tšoasa e ea 'marakeng ka ice cream.
Ho isa tekanyong e nyane e sebelisetsoang ho hlophisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa balyk. Caviar ea letsoai.
Tlhaloso
Sima e ts'oana le sealmon ea coho, empa e na le metopa e hlalosoang e hlakileng le e metenya ka mahlakoreng a 'mele, esita le ka lihlapi tse kholo. Ho batho ba qalang, ke raspberry. Lenaneong la dorsal III-IV (V) la 10-13, ho anal III-IV 11-14 (15) (hangata 12), gill stamens 18-22, gill rays 11-15, appendages tsa pyloric 35-76, vertebrae 63 -64 (hangata 63), 66. Sekala se lekane haholo, moleng oa lateral 130-140.
E tona e holileng ka thobalano e na le mehlahare e meng. Mmele oa sim hangata hangata e phahame haholo, bophahamo ba eona bo tloha ho 28 ho isa ho 31% ea bolelele ba 'mele. Lerata le leholo le hola ho tse tona nakong ea limela, 'me li bonahala li phahame ho sena. Mohlahare o kaholimo oa hokela ebile oa kobeha. Meno a maholo a hola ka mehlahare.
Mmala
Leoatleng, 'mala ke silevera. Leha ho le litlhapi tsa batho ba baholo, metsero e meholo e pharalletseng e bolokiloe 'meleng, ka palo ea 8-11, ha batho ba kenang nokeng ba le bofubelu ba bofubelu, ha ho fifala, ho banna hangata ho khanya ho feta ho basali. Ka morao ho na le libaka tse nyane tse chitja tse ntšo. Botlaaseng ba dorsal fin 3 libaka tse lefifi. Ka linako tse ling matšoa a manyane a matšo a mahoatateng, dinsal, caudal le adipose. Bokaholimo ba koena le koena e tlase ea bohlasoa ke bohloa. Ha e se e fihlile moo e fumanehang, e tšehali e fetoha haholo ka 'mala le sebopeho. Le 'mala oa silvery o fetoha o tšoeu.
Mefuta ea Sims le boima
Bolelele ba mohlahare o kaholimo ho banna ke 14.9-17.1, ho basali 12.6-13.2% ea bolelele ba 'mele (ho isa qetellong ea methapo e bohareng ea C). Bophara ba leihlo bo fokotseha haholo ka lilemo: ho batho ba bacha (ho fihlela ho 200 mm) ke bolelele ba 20-30%, 'me ho batho ba baholo e theohela ho hoo e ka bang 10%. Malinyane a mahlakoreng a 'mele a na le libaka tse 6 - 6 tse pharalletseng lefifing, matangoaneng a makhopho le makhapetla a maputsoa ha ho na matheba, ho potoloha le ngoana ho na le matheba a mangata a batsho.
Bolelele (ho isa qetellong ea methapo e bohareng C) ea banna ba baholo ho tloha nokeng. Tumnin (e phallela ho Setatata Strait) ka karolelano cm cm 85 (boholo ba lisenthimithara tse 71), boima ka karolelano ea 5,5 cm (boholo ba 9,0 kg), basali ka karolelano ea 60,5 cm (boholo ba 67 cm), boima ka karolelano ea 4, 0 kg (boholo ba 6.0 kg). Seterekeng sa Posyetsky (haufi le moeli: le Korea) ho na le sim e kholo e ts'oaroang: tse tšehali li bolelele ba 52-68. Likarolong tse tlase tsa Amur, boholo ba tsona bo nyane: banna ba 46-67 cm, ka karolelano ea cm 56.8, boima ba 1,8-3.2 kg, ka kakaretso 2.3 kg, basali 47-62 cm, bolelele ba 54.4 cm, boima ba 1,3.1.1 kg, karolelano ea li-1,3 kg.
Ho jaleha
Mefuta e fetang le metsi a hloekileng ea setsi sa Pacific, e lulang lebopong la Asia feela ho tloha hloahloeng ea Korea le Japane (Hokkaido le Honshu) ho ea Amur, Sakhalin le lebopong le ka bophirima la Kamchatka. Sebopeho sa bolulo se hlahisoa matšeng le linokeng, ho kenyelletsa Taiwan le Lihlekehleke tsa Ryukyu, Hloahloeng ea Korea le Japane.
Mokhoa oa bophelo
Kamora ho buloa ha Amur Sim, ea pele ho litlhapi tsa salmon e kena nokeng - lilemong tse ling mathoasong a May, hangata ho tloha bohareng ba Mots'eanong ho isa qalong ea Pherekhong. Joaloka salmon e pinki, mme ho fapana le salmon ea chum, e kena Amur ho tloha ka tsela e ka boroa, ke., Ho tloha Leoatleng la Japane. Hore na e nyoloha hakae, ha e tsejoe. E na le mefuta e menyenyane ea metsi a hloekileng. Ho qala ho qala ka Mots'eanong, mme ho tsoela pele ho fihlela qalong ea Loetse. Ha e phahamele holimo linōkeng, empa e phahama ka holim'a salmon e pinki.
Ho kena bohlankaneng
Sima ke mofuta o batlang o le bohlale: e fihla bophahamong hangata ka selemo sa 3, e sa atisehe haholo selemong sa 4. Tse tona tse tona li ba bolelele ba 10- cm cm, tse boima ba 88 g ha li le lilemo li 1-2. Naheng ea Japane, makhopho a basali a kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng, a setse metsing a hloekileng.
Keketso ea Masu
E kenella linokeng pejana ho litlhapi tse ling tsa salmon (ka Mots'eanong-Phato). E qala ho tloha ka Pulungoana-Mphalane (ka boroa ho fihlela Mphalane). Bolelele ba thupelo libakeng tse tlase: Amur o oela bohareng ba Phupu, qetellong - halofo ea bobeli ea Phupu, qalong ea Phato. Ho hlaha libakeng tse tlase tsa Amur ho tloha qetellong ea Phupu. Palo ea mahe ka likotoana tse 3200. Seterekeng sa Posyetsky, thupelo e se e le morao ho feta ho Amur, hantle ho tloha bohareng ba Phato le qetellong ea khoeli ena, e qalile bohareng ba khoeli ea Mphalane. Mabaka a phallang a fumaneha libakeng tse holimo tsa linoka. Caviar e tšeloa ka lihlahelong tsa mobu o bonojoana bo bonojoana. Fecundity e tloaelehileng ea mahe a likete tse 3,2. Kamora ho qhalana, litlhapi lia shoa, tse nyane li ka phela ka mokhoa o fokolang mme li its'oela ka leoatleng.
Nts'etsopele
Caviar e hlaha fatše. Nako ea ho kenella ke matsatsi a 50-70. Kamora matsatsi a 25-30, ho hlaha matheba a lefifi ka mahlakoreng a ho bata, meno a hlaha. Bacha ba tsoile mobung ka Hlakubele-Mmesa. Ho elella bofelong ba Phupu, bana ba fihlella boholo ba 40 mm. Sims tse nyane li lula nako e telele nokeng, nako e ka etsang selemo, li fihla boleleleng ba limilimithara tse fetang 100, ka linako tse ling li le 180-200 mm. Litsong tsa bana ba boholo bona, ka mahlakoreng a 'mele ho na le metopa e meholo e 7-11 e moputsoa e sootho, matheba a mararo a lipheletsong tse holimo tsa metsero e metenya, likhutlo tse nyane tse chitja mokokotlong ka holimo ho metsero e potolohang, ka nako e' ngoe ho na le matheba a potileng le ka tlasa metsero e metenya, motheong oa lefifi la dorsal ho na le libaka tse 3 tse lefifi. makeno ha a na mebala, ka linako tse ling ke letheba le letšo ka tlas'a makhopho a mafura. 'Mele o phahame, anal anal ka tenderloin, e fokotseha ka lilemo. Malinyane a bolelele ba 50-60 limilimithara tse bolelele ba noka e ea fihla litselaneng le nokeng ea karolo ea bohlokoa ea noka. Selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo, karolo ea bacha e kenella ka leoatleng. Stingray leoatleng e qala nakong ea selemo.
Boleng ba moruo
Naheng ea Russia, sim e nyane. Ho Amur, ha e tšoaroe haholo, mme mona e tlalehiloe ka har'a likatse e le salmon e pinki. Tšoara nakong ea letlooa le sa khaotseng. Likarolo tse tharo tsa ho ts'oasa li sebetsoa ke moemeli, karolo e 'ngoe ea ho ts'oaroa e isoa' marakeng ka ice cream. Caviar ea letsoai.
Lipeeletso:
1. Lebedev V.D., Spanovskaya V.D., Savvaitova K.A., Sokolov L.I., Tsepkin E.A. Litlhapi tsa USSR. Moscow, Thabiso, 1969
2. L. S. Berg. Litlhapi tsa metsi a hloekileng tsa USSR le linaha tse haufi. Karolo ea 1. Khatiso ea 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Atlas ea litlhapi tsa metsi a hloekileng a Russia: Ka lipalo tse 2. T.1. / Ed. Yu.S. Reshetnikova. -M.: Nauka, 2003 .-- 379 p. Ill.
