Texas salamander, kapa ambistoma e hlooho e khutšoane o lula Amerika Leboea. Li khetha libaka tse nang le metsi - likhohola, likhohola, lifate tse oeleng le tse bolang pela matangoana le mokhoabo kapa makhasi a oeleng. E sebelisa marokho a chehiloeng ke liphoofolo tse ling. Ha a araba tlhaselo ea sebatana, batho ba baholo ba mona ba ikemiselitseng ho ikemela. E phela bophelo ba mantsiboea, e ipata matlong a bakhachane motšehare. E ja li-invertebrates tse fapaneng. Ho ikatisa ho etsahala tlas'a metsi. Oviparous.
Sebaka
Amerika Leboea - ho tloha leboea-bophirima ho Ohio ho ea Missouri le Nebraska e bochabela. Range North e ka boroa-bochabela ho Michigan; Range South e haola le bophirima ba Kentucky le Tennessee ho ea Koung ea Mexico.
Ponahalo
Mmele oa Texan ambistoma e kholo, e boreleli, mohatla o molelele, o pota-potiloe ka likarolo tsa molomo, molomo o le nyane, mela e 2-3 ea meno a boreleli e tsamaea ka tsela e le 'ngoe ka morao ho e' ngoe, hlooho e nyane, e sephara ka bohare bo bokhuts'oane, mohlahare o tlase o hlaha hanyane ka hanyane. Mahlo a manyane ka lintja tse tsamaeang. Malala a manyane. Menoana e mene e mekhutšoaane manonyeletsong, a mahlano maotong a morao. Li-grooves tsa rib 14-16.
Letlalo le boreleli. Palo ea li-chromosomes ke di-diploid ke tse 28 tse tona tse nyane ka boholo ho feta tse tšehali, mehatla ea tsona ka mahlakoreng e hatelletsoe haholo.
Mmala
Mmala o moputsoa ho tloha ho o moputsoa kapa o moputsoa ka mabala a bobebe (bohlooho kapa a silevera) mokokotlong le mahlakoreng, mpa e lefifi. Nakong ea ho ikatisa, li-ambistomes lia fela.
Lirosa li na le makhapetla a bobebe botala ba mohloaare kapa botšo bo lefifi. Pele metamorphosis, melapo e bobebe e nkeloa sebaka ke libaka tse lefifi. Ka kakaretso, mebala ea li-ambistos tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane ho latela hantle libaka tsa tsona.
Habitat
Li-Ambistomes li rata libaka tse mongobo - liphororo tsa likhohola, tse oeleng le tse bolaang haufi le litopo tsa metsi le mokhoabo kapa makhasi a oeleng, naha ea temo (haufi le metsi), hammoho le makhulo le libaka tsa thota (haufi le metsi a metsi). Batho ba baholo ba bang ka linako tse ling ba ka bonoa matsoapong a mafika.
Sebelisa liboti tse chekiloeng ke liphoofolo tse ling, ho kenyeletsa crayfish le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane. Pula ea mantsiboea ka linako tse ling e ba khothaletsa ho ea holimo.
Lijo / phepo e nepahetseng
Li-ambistomes tsa batho ba baholo tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li ja likokoanyana, li-slugs, li-milliped, li-Earthworm, lirurubele le likhopo. Lirosa ke libatana tse jang bokahohleng, li ja li-invertebrates tse nyane tsa metsing, ho kenyeletsa daphnia, makhoaba a isopods, crustaceans, hammoho le makhoaba a liphoofolo tse ling le mefuta ea tsona.
Ha ba araba tlhaselo ea sebatana, batho ba baholo ba mona ba ikemela: ba theola lihlooho, ba honotha ka mebele ea bona, ba phahamisa le ho tsokotsa mohatla oa bona (ho na le litšoelesa tse 'maloa mohatleng o lokollang taba ea caustic).
18.01.2019
Tiger ambistoma, kapa tiger salamander (lat. Ambystoma tigrinum) ke oa lelapa Ambistomatidae (Ambystomatidae). Aphiqi ena ea caudate hangata e lula e le phoofolo ea lapeng Amerika Leboea.
Ka 2005, ka ho vouta inthaneteng, e ile ea khethoa e le lets'oao la naha ea Amerika ea Illinois, ea otla bahlolisani ba eona ba haufi - frog sefate se fapaneng (Hyla versicolor) le mohope oa Amerika (Anaxyrus americanus).
Phoofolo ha e bake mathata a mangata, empa e hloka tlhompho ho motho oa eona. E na le memori e hlophisitsoeng hantle e hlophisitsoeng hantle 'me e khona ho hopola beng ba eona. Ka mokhoa o tloahelehileng, e ntša chefo, e ka bakang karohano le ho halefisoa ha membrane ea mucous. Ha li monate haholo ha li kopana le mahlo, li baka maikutlo a tukang le a sa thabiseng.
Amphibian o ile a hlalosoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1799 e le Siren operculata ke setsebi sa tlhaho sa Lefora Ambroise Paliso de Beauvois. E na le lebitso la eona la hona joale ka 1828 mesebetsing ea setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo sa Amerika Jacob Green.
Tsamaiso
Sebaka seo sa bolulo se akaretsa boholo ba k'honthinente ea Amerika Leboea ho tloha liprofinse tse ka boroa tsa Canada ho ea Mexico leboea. Moeli o ka leboea oa mokoloko o tsamaea libakeng tse ka boroa-bochabela ho Alaska le libaka tse ka boroa ho Labrador.
Tiger ambistoma e lula haholo sebakeng se futhumetseng. Baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba lula matangoaneng a sa tebang haufi le lebopo la Pacific.
Ma-Amphibians a fumaneha li-biotope tse fapaneng libakeng tse tlase le libakeng tse lithaba bophahamo ba limithara tse 3000 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, empa a le sieo Lithabeng tsa Rocky le Lithabeng tsa Appalachian. Ka boroa, baahi ba 'maloa ba ikhethileng ba ikhethile.
Ma-Amphibians a lula merung e mongobo, merung e mongobo le merung, moo ho nang le matša, matangoana le linōka tse tsamaeang butle ka metsi a pholileng. E sa bonoe hangata libakeng tse nang le leholimo le mocheso bohareng ba shrubbery.
Ho beha boitšoaro
Li-salamanders tsa bosiu ha li robale bosiu. Ha ba rate khanya ea letsatsi, qoba libaka tse bulehileng 'me ha ho mohla li tsamaeang hole haholo le' mele ea metsi. Nakong ea motšehare, ba ipata matlong a bona a bolulo a tlas'a mekotla, lifate tse oeleng kapa mafika a majoe.
Hangata, likhoele tse tloheloang li sebelisoa e le matloana a patiloeng ka tlas'a lefatše. Ka ho ba sieo ha bona, amphibian o e cheka a le mong.
Hoetla, ambistoma e oela hibernation, 'me lehlabula, ka mocheso o feteletseng, e patoa ka tlase ho mobu. Kamora pula, e hlaha hape mobung.
Lira tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhaho ke libola (Melinae), owls (Strigiformes), linoha (Serpentes) le lynxes tse khubelu (Lynx rufus). Lifate tsa mofuta oa bo-'mampuli ba labalabelang ho fepa ka mafolofolo ke mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi le likokoanyana tse metsing.
Linakong tsa kotsi, hangata phoofolo ho fapana le hore e balehe e itokisetsa ho khutlisa tlhaselo eo. E inama 'me e phahamisa mohatla, e e sutumelletsa ka mahlakoreng' me e tlosa marotholi a chefo ea lebese ho eona. Ha a se a le ka hanong kapa ka mahlong a motho ea hlorisang, motho ea inehetseng o khona ho mo nyahamisa hore a se hlasele.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Tiger salamander e na le takatso e matla ea lijo. Ntlong e le 'ngoe, o khona ho ja phofu, e boholo ba eona e lekanang le karolo ea bohlano ea' mele oa hae.
Bonyollo bo hlasela lintho tsohle tse phelang tseo bo ka sebetsana le tsona. E hlakola motho ea hlasetsoeng ka thuso ea monko. Ha motho ea jang le eena a ntse a atamela haufi le eena ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, o tšoara leleme la hae 'me oa mo koenya.
Motheo oa lijo ke likhama tsa lefatše, likhoho le likokoanyana. Ntle le moo, ho jeoa ke liphoofolo tse ngata tsa tlhaho, litoeba tse ncha, esita le linoha tse nyane.
Lifate li fepa ka tlhapi le tlhapi ea tlhapi. Har'a tsona, cannibalism le ho ja likatse tsa mefuta e amanang le tsona li atile.
Ho tsala
Nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e qala mathoasong a selemo, le ka boroa ho sebaka se seng se ntse se le halofo ea bobeli ea December, ha metsi a sa tebang a tletse ka metsi a pula. Libakeng tse phahameng, e lula ho fihlela mathoasong a June.
Ma-Amphibians a itokiselitseng ho beleha a khaotsa ho ba mehlape ea limela le ho bokella metsing a sa tebang ka lihlopha tse kholo, moo batho ba fetang 50 ba atisang ho fumanoa. Li fofa ka ho potoloha, li sutumetsa le ho ntša moea ka metsing haholo hoo e ka koahelang lipompo. Lipapaling tse joalo tse kopaneng li khahlisa tse tšehali 'me li li qobella ho khetha li-spermatophores tsa banna tse nang le li-cesspools tsa bona.
Ho kopanya ho lula ho etsahala tikolohong ea metsing ka ho qala ha lefifi.
Libakeng tse ling tse omileng moo li-salamanders tsa litonki li sa fumane metsi, li behela mahe a tsona moqotong oa liphororo tse omisang. Tsoelo-pele ea bona e qala kamora ho lipula tsa pele tsa selemo.
E tšehali hangata e behela mahe majoeng, driftwood kapa makhasi a limela tsa metsing tse haufi le tlase. Ho boloka ha tsona ho etsahala matsatsi a 'maloa ka mor'a ho emolisoa ka likotoana tsa likotoana tse 200 ho isa ho tse 1000.
Makhopho a sefahleho ka mor'a libeke tse 2-3. Nako ea metamorphosis ea eona e fapana haholo le maemo a tikoloho mme e nka libeke tse 10 ka mofuthu le ho fihlela selemo ho metsi a batang. Ha e se e fihlile bolelele ba 'mele ba ka bang 8-9 cm, li-ambistome li feta lefatšeng.
Likubu tse ling li lula li le sethaleng sa nts'etsopele, li boloka li-gill tsa tsona 'me li se ke tsa ea fatše. Hangata sena se bonoa metsing a tebileng a metsi a batang. Phoofolo e setseng sethaleng sa makhoaba a neano a bitsoa axolotl.
Li-amphibians tsena li ka bolokoa ka lihlopha tse nyane kahara metsi. Bakeng sa batho ba bararo, bonyane molumo o tlase oa 100x40x40 cm.
Motsoako oa mobu oa serapeng le peat kapa substrate ea coconut e beoa ka tlase, 'me sphagnum moss e beoa holimo. Boholo ba bophahamo ba sekaka bo lokela ho ba bonyane lisenthimithara tse 10. Li-salamanders li rata ho cheka ka fatshe kapa li ipatile matlong a bakhachane, ka hona, lihlahisoa tsa ceramic tse se nang letho kapa tsa polasetiki li kentsoe hore e be matlo a tsona.
Ho bohlokoa hore ho na le likepe tsa metsi ka terakeng ho kolobisa letlalo le ho hlapa. Li-ambistomes li qala mekhoa ea metsi ha mongobo oa moea o fokotseha. Ho e hlokomela habeli ka beke, ho hlokahala hore o fafatse mabota le substrate.
Motšehare, mocheso o lula o le mocheso oa 21 ° -24 ° C, 'me o theohela ho 17 ° -20 ° C bosiu. Bakeng sa mabone, mabone a fluorescent a sebelisoa.
Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li fepuoa ka liboko, li-slugs, litlhapi tsa aquarium, likhoerese le lithaelese. Linoko tse nyane tsa veal kapa khoho ea likhoho li feptjoa nako le nako. Liphoofolo tse nyane li feptjoa letsatsi le leng le le leng, 'me batho ba baholo ka mor'a matsatsi a 2-3.
Tlhaloso
Bolelele ba 'mele oa batho ba baholo bo nka lisenthimithara tse 17 ho isa ho tse 33. Ha e le molao, ba batona ba baholo ho feta basali. Li na le mohatla o molelele o qobelletsoeng ka mahlakoreng le maoto a hanyane ka morao. Tse tšehali li na le maoto le matsoho a makhuts'oane. Mefuta e meholo ka ho fetisisa e tšoeroe Colado.
Hlooho e kholo e fella ka moqomo o sephaka o pharalletseng mme e aroloa ka pono molaleng. Mahlo ke a boholo bo bolelele.
Mebala e fapana ho tloha botala ba mohloaare ho ea ho sootho kapa e sootho ka 'mala o nang le matheba le metsero. Karolo ea "ventral" hangata e bosehla kapa e putsoa.
Li-larvae li 'mala o mosehla o botala bo botala kapa o' mala oa mohloaare o nang le matheba a lefifi le metsero e melelele. Mpa e tšoeu. Ha li ntse li tsofala, 'mala oa tsona oa fifala.
Tebello ea bophelo ba hlaha naheng e ka ba lilemo tse 16. Ha a le botlamuoeng, ka tlhokomelo e ntle, ambistoma ea tiger e phela lilemo tse 25.
Motsoako
Liea tse ncha tsa salamander ea Texas li bolelele ba 7-14 mm. Liea tsena li na le likhahla tse ngata tse lefifi, tse 'mala o lefifi ka morao, le thapo e bonojoana hanyane ka hanyane.
Lithokoana tse nyane li ja makhapetla a li-crustaceans, li-ostracods, likokoanyana le makhapetla a tsona, kamora ho hola, lihlaha li fetela ho isopod crustaceans le gastropods. Lithaka li fepa letsatsi le leng le le leng (mots'eare le bosiu). Li bolokiloe holim 'a metsi (ka tlasa maloanlahla a phaphametseng) kapa tlase boteng.
Metamorphosis e qala a le lilemo li 2-3. ka boholo ba 40-48 limilimithara (ho tloha qetellong ea Mots'eanong ho isa Phupu). Kamora libeke tse 'maloa ka mor'a ho ba le metamorphosis, li-ambistomes tse nyane tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li fallela libakeng tse mongobo. Bacha ba na le monyetla oa ho pata makhasi a oele ho feta batho ba baholo.
Boemo ba batho / ba ho boloka
Li-ambistomes tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li ngata ho pholletsa le bophara. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore li-amphibians tsena li fumanoa libakeng tse fapaneng ka ho fapana. Tšokelo e ka sehloohong ho mefuta ke tahlehelo ea libaka tse nang le metsi tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho ikatisa.
Ka li-salamanders, li-protozoa tse ngata le li-helminths li senya. Li-ambistomas tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li ka kopana le mefuta e meng ea Ambystoma.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Texas Salamander
Li-Ambistomes li rata libaka tse mongobo, ka hona li fumaneha likhohola tsa linoka, har'a lifate tse oelang, makhasi a oeleng, haufi le mokhoabo, makhulong a matala le masimong. Batho ba baholo ka linako tse ling ba fihla matsoapong a mafika.
Nakong ea likhomo, li-ambistomes tse khutšoane li ka bokana ka lihlopha tse nyane pela polokelo. Mme ka nako e 'ngoe, ba phela bophelo ba boinotšing, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ha ba bontše boitšoaro ba naha. Likorong li emela likhoeli tse chesang haholo. Salamanders tsa Texas li sebelisa mekoti e chekiloeng ke liphoofolo tse ling, joalo ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fapaneng kapa crayfish ea leoatleng. Haeba pula e na mantsiboea, ebe li-ambistomes li fihla holimo.
Salamanders tsa Texas ha li robale bosiu, 'me li qeta nako ea motšehare matlong a bakhachane.
Lira tsa salamanders tsa Texas ke likokoanyana tse metsing, linoha tse metsing le makhopho a likokoanyana tsa lithunya. Ha sebatana se hlasela salamander, ho ipeha boemong ba ho itšireletsa: ba qala ho thatafala, ba theola lihlooho 'me ba tsikinyetsa mohatla. Mohatleng ho na le litšoelesa tse 'maloa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha ntho ea caustic.
Lijo tsa "ambistoma" tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li na le li-slugs, likokoana-hloko, likholumolumo, lilakane, lirifi le lirurubele. Lifate tsa ambisto ke libatana tse jang lihlahisoa tsa lefatše.
Melemo ea "ambistoma-hlooho e khutšoanyane" ea batho
Li-amphibians tsena li tla senya likokoanyana tse fapaneng tsa meru le temo. Ntle le moo, bona ka bo bona ke lijo tsa li-jay tse putsoa le liphoofolo tse ling.
Ambistoma e hlooho e khutšoane e ja likhofu, makhoaba le li-invertebrates.
Boholo ba baahi
Salamanders tsa Texas li ngata ho pholletsa le libaka tsa bona tsa bolulo. Lebaka la sena ke hore li-ambistomes tse nang le lihlooho tse khutšoane li ka phela libakeng tse fapaneng. Tšokelo e ka sehloohong ea phokotso ea palo ea liphoofolo ke tahlehelo ea sebaka se mongobo moo mofuta o tsoelang pele.
Ntle le moo, li-salamanders li ka shoa ke li-helminth tse ngata le protozoa. Salamanders tsa Texas li ka kopana le mefuta e meng ea li-ambistos.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.