Lebitso la mahlale Littoralis e fetoletsoeng ho tsoa ho Selatine e le "e fumanehang, e holile lebopong la leoatle" kapa e le ntho e lulang sehlekehlekeng. Sehlekehleke sa fox Urocyon littoralis setho se haufi-ufi sa mofuta oa kontinent ea fox fox (Urocyon cineroargenteus).
Ho ajoa hoa fox ea sehlekehleke se setšo ho na le sebaka sa lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng tse kholo ka ho fetisisa (Channel Islands), e bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 19-60 ho tloha lebopong la California boroa, USA. Tsena li kenyelletsa lihlekehleke tsa Santa Catalina, San Clement, San Nicholas, San Miguel, Santa Cruz le Santa Rosa.
Sehlekehleke sa Gray Foxes (Urocyon littoralis) - Ona ke mofuta o monyane haholo oa liphokojoe tse tsejoang ho tsoa United States. Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, fox ea sehlekehleke e ne e nkuoa e le mofuta oa phokojoe e putsoa. E nyane ebile e na le mohatla o mokhuts'oane, moo li-vertebrae tse peli li nyane ho feta liphokojoe tse putsoa tse tsoang naheng ea naha. Leloko la fox ea khubung ea Continental, fox ea sehlekehlekeng e bile mofuta o ikhethang ho feta lilemo tse 10,000, ha e ntse e boloka litšobotsi tsa ntate-moholo oa eona, empa molemong oa ho iphetola ha lintho, boholo ba eona bo fokotsehile mme hona joale ke karolo ea bobeli feela ea boholo ba moholo-holo.
Pono e akaretsang ea phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e entsoe ka mefuta e tšeletseng e fapaneng, e le 'ngoe ho lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng tseo ba lulang ho tsona. Liphokojoe tse tsoang lihlekehlekeng ka bonngoe li ntse li khona ho hlahisa limela, empa ho na le liphapang tse fapaneng tsa 'mele le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lekaneng ho amohela boikemelo ba bona ba boipuso. Mohlala, palo e tloaelehileng ea li-caudal vertebrae e fapana haholo ho tloha sehlekehlekeng ho isa sehlekehlekeng. Likoloto tsohle li reiloe lebitso ka sehlekehleke seo ba lulang ho sona. Urocyon littoralis littoralis - fox ea sehlekehleke sa San Miguel, U. littoralis santarosae - Phokojoe ea Santa Rosa U. littoralis santacruzae - fox ea sehlekehleke sa Santa Cruz, U. littoralis dickeyi - fox ea sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas. U. littoralis catalinae - fox ea sehlekehleke sa Santa Catalina, U. littoralis clementae - fox ea sehlekehleke sa San Clemente.
Ponahalo
Boea ba fox Island fox bo bosoeu bo bosoeu bo nang le malebela a bosootho ba moriri le ka sinamone undercoat lehlakoreng la dorsal, le mmala o mosoeu le o sootho ka 'mala o leputsoa ka holim'a moea. Chisi, molomo, nko le sebaka sa mahlo li sootho, ha mahlakore a marama a sootho. Litsebe, molala le mahlakore a maoto a sootho. Mohatla o na le mohala o mosoeu o bapileng le o moputsoa lehlakoreng la dorsal ka mohala oa boea bo harelaneng. Bokantle ba mohatla ke mafome. 'Mala oa seaparo o ka fapana har'a liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse fapaneng, leha e fapana haholo har'a batho ba fapaneng, ho tloha ho ba bohlooho ho isa ho bo bofubelu le bo bofubelu.
Sehlekehleke sa fox molt hang ka selemo: nakong ea Phato le ho ea ho November.
Makhoaba a manyane a na le kobo e motenya empa e motenya ho feta batho ba baholo, 'me ho feta moo, litsebe tsa tsona li sootho ka' mala.
Bolelele ba 'mele o nang le mohatla ho banna ke 716 mm (ho tloha ho 625 ho isa ho 716 limilimithara), ka basali 689 mm (ho tloha ho 590 ho isa 787), moo mohatla o leng bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 11 ho isa ho tse 29. tse tona li boima haholo.
Mokhoa oa bophelo
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke, joalo ka baholo-holo ba tsona ba naha e sabaletseng, ba hloella lifateng hantle.
Ha ba le botlamuoeng, liphokojoe li ka bontša pefo ho batho, empa haufinyane li tla thefuleha. Ba masesaane, ba bonolo, baa bapala ebile ba bohelehele ba tsebahala ka liphokojoe tse lulang botlamuoeng.
Nako ea bophelo e phela lilemo tse 'ne ho isa ho tse tšeletseng, empa liphokojoe tse ling li phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 15.
Lihlekehleke tseo liphokojoe tsa tsona tse lulang lihlekehlekeng tse bohlooho li lulang li na le boemo ba leholimo bo khetholloang ke mocheso le ho omella nakong ea selemo, le pholileng le mongobo o phahameng (o mongobo) mariha. Leha boholo ba liphokojoe bo feto-fetoha ebile bo khethiloe ke libaka tsa bona tsa bolulo, ha ho sebaka se setle seo ba ka khethang ho sona. Ha palo ea liphokojoe e ne e le ngata, liphokojoe li ne li ka fumanoa le ho bonoa libakeng tsohle tsa sehlekehleke, ntle le tse neng li futsanehile haholo ka lebaka la pherekano ea batho. Makhoba a ne a lula liphuleng le masimong a lithota, lilibeng tsa mabopo a leoatle, mabopong a lehlabathe, lihlekehleke tsa lihlahla tse meutloa, meru ea oak ea leoatleng le meru ea phaene.
E 'ngoe ea lira tsa mantlha tsa sehlekehleke sena ke ntsu ea khauta. Lintsu tsa khauta li ne li sa lule li lula lihlekehlekeng kamehla, empa li ne li hoheloa ke palo ea likolobe tse hlaha ho tloha ka 1995, ha ntsu e ne e timela mona. Ho nyamela ha ntsu ho entse maemo a matle bakeng sa ho lula ha lihlekehleke tse ka leboea ka ntsu e nyane ea khauta. Ntsu ea khauta e ile ea qala ho tsoma phokojoe ea sehlekehleke ka katleho mme lilemong tse supileng tse latelang fox ea sehlekehleke e ile ea felisoa ka ho timela ka ho feletseng. Patlisiso e bonts'itse hore ehlile ka 2000, palo ea liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse tharo tse ka leboea e fokotsoe ke 95%.
Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1858)
Sebaka: Lihlekehleke tsa Santa Catalina (194 km²), San Clemente (149 km²), San Nicolas (58 km²), San Miguel (39 km²), Santa Cruz (243 km²) le Santa Rosa (216) km²) sehlopheng sa Channel Channel se haufi le lebōpo la California (USA).
Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke, e leng setho se fokotsehileng sa fox e putsoa (U. cinereoargenteus), e lula ho Lihlekehleke tsa Channel. Lintsu tsa sehlekehleke li lula lihlekehlekeng tse tšeletseng ho Channel tse robeli mme li tsejoa e le mekhatlo e ikemetseng sehlekehlekeng ka seng, joalo ka bopaki ba phapang ea morphological le genetic.
U. l. Catalinae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Catalina, U. l. clementae - sehlekehleke sa San Clemente, U. l. dickeyi - Sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas, U. l. littoralis - sehlekehleke sa San Miguel, U. l. santarosae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Rosa le U. l. santacruzae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Cruz.
Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e fapana le morpholo o moputsoa, 'me e haufi haholo le liphoofotsoana tsa bo-maleshoane tse bohlooho tsa grey California, mme eseng ho palo e mokhubelu ea fox e ka boroa ho Mexico kapa Amerika Bohareng.
Boteng ba liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse tšeletseng tse hole le hole le lebopo la boroa ho California bo ile ba tsosa khang e kholo mabapi le se lumellang liphokojoe ho etsa lihlekehleke tsena le hore na li etsahetse joang. Ho latela khopolo e 'ngoe, palo ea batho ba sejoale-joale ke mofuta o atileng oa peiso ea machaba o fokolang, o ileng oa fihla lihlekehlekeng tsa naha ka marokho a ileng a hlaha ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa boemo ba leoatle nakong ea Pleistocene. Ho latela tšubuhlellano e atisang ho hlaha, likolone tsa pele tsa fox li ne li tšoana hantle le naha. Mohlomong liphokojoe tse putsoa li ile tsa fihla sehlekehlekeng se seng se ka leboea sa Channel bohareng ba Late Pleistocene, ha maemo a leoatle a ne a le tlaase le sebaka se sekhutšoaane se pakeng tsa naha le lihlekehleke e ne e le sebaka sa 8 km. Nakong ea nako ea ho itšehla thajana ka nako e telele, ba ile ba holisa boholo ba bona bo fokolang ba 'mele. Liphetoho tsa boemo ba leoatle nakong ea Late Pleistocene li lebisitse keketseho e ileng ea latela ea liphokojoe tse nyane tsa sehlekehleke ka ketane e ka leboea ea lihlekehleke tsa Channel ka marokho a naha. Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e ile ea lula le matsoalloa a Chumash ka lilemo tse ka bang 1000. Ho lumeloa hore Chumash e tsamaisitse liphokojoe ho tloha lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea ho lihlekehleke tse tharo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa boroa ho Channel (San Clemente, Santa Catalina le San Nicholas). Mohlomong sena se ne se etsoa molemong oa matlalo a sebelisoang mesebetsing ea moetlo kapa liphokojoe e ne e le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
Boitsebiso ba limolek'hule le baepolli ba lintho tsa khale bo bontša hore liphokojoe li lula lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea lilemo tse likete tse 10-16, le ka boroa - lilemo tse likete tse 2,2,4.3.3. Haufinyane tjena, tlhaiso-leseling ea lintho tsa khale e boetse e ntlafalitsoe, e netefatsang ponahalo ea morao-rao ea liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea lilemong tse likete tse 7 000 tse fetileng.
Island Fox ke fox e nyane ka ho fetisisa Amerika Leboea. E shebahala joaloka fox e putsoa, empa e nyane ebile e lefifi. E le molao, bolelele ba hlooho le mmele ke 48-50 cm, bophahamo ba mahetla ke 12-15 cm, bolelele ba mohatla ke 11-29 cm, boholo ba bona bo nyane ho feta likatse tse ngata tsa lapeng. Mohatla oa phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e batla e le karolo ea boraro ea bolelele ba 'mele,' me maoto a makhutšoanyane ha a bapisoa le 'mele ho feta liphokojoe tse putsoa. Makhoba a batho ba baholo a boima bo pakeng tsa 1.1 le 2.8 kg. Tse tona li hanyane ebile li boima ho feta basali. Ka karolelano, liphokojoe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina le tse nyane sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz.
Mebala ea dorsal e putsoa-e tšoeu le e ntšo, bokaholimo ba litsebe le mahlakore a molala le maoto a entsoe ka sinamone. Tlas'a bosoeu bo bosoeu bo bobebe.
Phapang ea morphological har'a baahi ba lihlekehleke tsa sehlekehleke ha e bonahale haholo, empa mefuta ea tsona e fapana hantle le fox fox. Kameho ea taxonomic le fox e putsoa, le phapang pakeng tsa phenopypes ea lihlekehleke tsa sehlekehleke, ha li utloisisoe hantle. Ntle le litlhaloso tsa mantlha, ha ho liteko tse fetileng tse entsoeng ho sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea multphimensional morphometric ho ithuta likamano tsa biogeographic le taxonomic tsa Urocyon littoralis. Haufinyane tjena, phapang e teng liphatseng tsa liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng e ithutile ho sebelisa karyology le tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Morphologic, mefuta e senotse ho fapana ha sehlekehleke ka boholo, sebopeho sa nko le boits'oaro, hammoho le palo ea li-caudal vertebrae. Boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo netefalitse karolo ea mefuta ka mefuta e tšeletseng e arohaneng le ho netefatsa mokhoa oa phepelo.
E totobalitsoe hajoale Likheo tse 6.
Joalo ka li-canine tse ngata, liphokojoe li ka matha ka lebelo li ts'oasa phofu e nyane e meroalo e bulehileng. Liphokojoe li sebetsa haholo ebile li khona ho hloa lifate le mafika habonolo. Li na le mosese o moqotetsane, o li lumellang ho fumana phofu ea mapetso le masoba le pono e ntle. Bokhoni ba ho bona phofu bo matlafatsoa ke pono ea dichromatic le ea bosiu, e matlafalitsoeng e ntlafatsoa ke karolo e ikhethang e bonts'ang likhetla la leihlo (tapetum lucidum).
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li buisana ka matsoho le molumo. Li boetse li tšoaea sebaka sa tsona. Li-facks li ka fumanoa haufi le litsela, litselana, le libakeng tse ling tse tummeng.
Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke ke phoofolo e bonolo, hangata ho tšaba batho. Tsela eo batho ba talimang batho ka eona e fapana pakeng tsa lihlekehleke. Lihlekehlekeng moo liphokojoe le batho ba tloaelehileng, liphokojoe li bonahala li sa amehe haholo. Libakeng tse kang libaka tsa kampo, liphokojoe li ka ba sebete haholo.
Boemo ba leholimo ba Lihlekehleke tsa Chennal tse lebopong la California ha bo omelle. Pula e fapana pakeng tsa lihlekehleke, empa e ka tlase ho lisenthimithara tse tšeletseng ka selemo. Lihlekehleke tse kholo (Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina le San Clemente) li na le melapo ea mehla e tšehetsang limela tsa leoatle le mefuta ea lifate. Makhoaba a fumaneha libakeng tse ngata tsa bolulo, empa a rata libaka tse hlatsoehileng limela kapa tse nang le mapolanka, joalo ka chapparale, lihlahla tsa leoatle le moru oa oak. Limela tsa tlhaho tsa sehlekehlekeng hangata ke sehlahla sa lebopong, empa sebaka sena se fetotsoe haholo ke ho tlisoa ha liphoofolo tse fulang lihlekehlekeng le lits'usumetso tse ling tsa batho. Lihlekehleke tse ka leboea (San Miguel, Santa Rosa le Santa Cruz) le sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas (ka boroa) li na le libaka tse pharalletseng tse laoloang ke mefuta ea limela e hlahisitsoeng, joalo ka joang ba selemo le limela tsa leqhoa. Ho tsosolosoa ha Habitat ho Santa Rosa le Santa Cruz ho thusitse haholo ho tsosolosoa ha liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke. Lihlekehleke tse ka boroa (Santa Catalina, San Clemente le San Nicholas) li ntlafalitsoe haholoanyane: metheo ea likepe tsa leoatle le motse oa Avalon.
Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka phapang ea tikoloho lipakeng tsa lihlekehleke ha u bapisa palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke. Lihlekehleke tse ka boroa li na le tikoloho e itekanetseng ea maemo a leholimo le sebaka se omeletseng sa leholimo, ka lebaka leo, lihlahla tsa cacti tse eketsehileng le lehoatata. Lihlekehleke tse ka leboea li na le tikoloho e sa lekanang ebile li na pula e ngata. Sena se lumella melapo e sa feleng hore e hlahe e tšehetsang limela tsa lebopong le libaka tsa meru tse sa fumaneheng lihlekehlekeng tse ka boroa. Ntle le moo, baahi ba liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke se ka boroa ha baa ka ba fokotseha ka sekhahla se bakoang ke ntsu ea khauta. Ntle le phapang ea tikoloho, sehlekehleke ka seng se na le nalane e fapaneng ea bolulo ba batho le libaka tsa bolulo. Empa ha palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e bapisoa le liphokojoe tsa naha e sabaletseng, liphapang tse pakeng tsa lihlekehleke li fetoha tse sa reng letho.
Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke ha e khetha libaka tsa bolulo ke bokahohle bo fumanehang libakeng tsohle tsa tlhaho lihlekehlekeng tsa Channel, leha e rata libaka tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea limela le limela.
Matlo a lutsoeng ke liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke a kenyelletsa makhulo, lihlahla tse meutloa tse lebopong la leoatle, lithaba tsa lupine, chaparral, meru e tsoakaneng le lebopo, libaka tse nang le mabopo a leoatle tse nang le libaka tse fumanehang tse fapaneng ka sehlekehleke. Ka tloaelo, lihlekehleke tse ka boroa li na le libaka tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho ka lebaka la mohatsela oa leholimo. Lihlekehleke tse kholo tse ka leboea, haholo-holo Santa Cruz le Santa Rosa, li na le libaka tse fapaneng haholo hammoho le pula e matla ea selemo le selemo. Libaka tsa Shrub le tsa moru li fana ka bolulo bo eketsehileng 'me li na le makhoaba a mangata haholo ho feta a libaka tsa bolulo.
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li fumaneha likhohlo le mabopong a piedmont, mabopo a leoatle a ka boroa, mabopo a leoatle le lintho tse tsoakoang ho lona, meru e nang le "cactus", sehlekehleke sa chaparral, moru oa oak o ka boroa, meru e ka boroa ea leoatle, meru ea phaene le mabopo a leoatle.
Liphokojoe tsena ha li sebelise limela tse lenngoeng hanyane ha li lula libakeng tse ling, leha e le hore phofu ea tsona e na le limela tse ngata haholo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, makhulo a mangata haholo ebile a ka thatafatsa tlhahiso ea lijo. Ntle le moo, libaka tse nang le limela tse fokolang, joalo ka makhulo, li etsa hore liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng li hlaselehe habonolo ke libatana tse jang moea.
Litsuane tsa sehlekehleke li batla li le bobebe 'me li fepa limela le liphoofolo tse fapaneng ka linako tse sa tšoaneng. Lijo tsa bona li ipapisitse le ho fumaneha ha lisebelisoa, tse kenyelletsang litoeba, likokoanyana, mekholutsoane, linonyana, litholoana, likhoho, hammoho le lihlahisoa tse ling tse fapaneng. Sebopeho le boholo ba lijo li itšetleha ka sebaka sa bolulo, sehlekehleke le selemo. Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa lijo lihlekehlekeng tse ka boroa ke maleshoane (Coleoptera spp.), Deer hamsters (Peromyscus maniculatus), likhofu (Helix aspera), carp carp (Carpobrotus spp.) Litholoana tsa prickly pear cactus (Opuntia spp.) Le li-crickets (Stenopalmat. Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa lijo lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea hape ke li-hamer deer, likokoanyana, likatse le likokoanyana tsa carp ho kenyelletsa lilakane le litholoana tsa mofuta oa toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) le bearberry kapa manzanites (Arctostaphylus spp.). Lintho tse ling tse sa tloaelehang haholo lijong li kenyelletsa li-crustaceans, mahe a linonyana, carrion ea li -ululates le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing.
Li ka tsoma le litoeba tsa lapeng (Mus musculus) sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina le likhoto (Rattus rattus) lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Catalina, San Miguel le San Clemente. Li-hamster tsa li-reindeer ke tsona tse jang nama ea liphoofolo ka bongata nakong ea lijalo, kaha li na le lijo tse matla tse nang le mafura le liphokojoe tsa batho ba baholo li ka li tlisa malinyane a tsona a ntseng a hola. Ntle le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse anyesang, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng li jang linonyana tse jang linonyana tse nang le linaka tse linaka (Eremophila alpestris) le meadow cadavers (Sturnella tlhokomediso). Lintho tse sa tloaelehang lijong ke li-amphibians, lihahabi le litopo tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing.
Ho bile le liketsahalo tse sa tloaelehang ha liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li ne li ja li-skunks tse nyane (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) - lihloela tse kotsi tse lulang lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Rosa le Santa Cruz.
Litsuane tsa sehlekehleke li ja limela tse fapaneng tsa matsoalloa, ho kenyelletsa le li-bearberry (Arctostaphylos), mosu (Comarostaphylis), heteromeles (Heteromeles), li-prickly pear (Opuntia), lihlahla (Prunus, Rhus, Rosa), nightshade (Solanum) le lihlahla tsa melee (V). Makhoaba a Sehlekehleke sa San Miguel a itšetleha haholo ka litholoana tsa feiga ea leoatleng (Carpobrotus chilensis).
Karolo ea motsoako o mong le o mong oa lijo e fapana ka linako tsa selemo le ho latela sehlekehleke. Lihlekehlekeng tse nang le limela tse ngata ka ho fetisisa, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng li ja litholoana tse ngata ebile li ba le nako e telele ea komello. Lihlekehleke tsa San Miguel le San Nicholas li na le limela tse nyane haholo, li etsa hore liphokojoe li itšetlehe haholo ka mefuta e hlahisitsoeng. Ke batho bana ba utloileng bohloko ka ho fetesisa komellong e telele ea komello. Makhoaba a sehlekehleke a fumanang lijo tse tsoang ho batho a potlakela ho lemalla ebile a ka 'na a se ke a ruta bana ba bona ho tsoma le ho fumana lijo tsa tlhaho.
Makhoba a ka ba mafolofolo bakeng sa nako ea lihora tse 24, empa hangata lijo li tšoaroa hangata mantsiboea (mosebetsi oa mantsiboea). Ts'ebetso ea phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e batla e bapisoa le letsatsi le leng le le leng ho feta mosebetsi oa liphokojoe tse ka har'a naha, mohlomong e le ka lebaka la ho se be teng ha nalane ea liphofu tse kholo lihlekehlekeng le mahloriso a batho.
Linako tse phahameng tsa tšebetso ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li bitsoa, leha ho na le mosebetsi oa motšehare. Ha ho bapisoa le motsoala o moholo oa naheng, fox e putsoa, e kenang ka hare e bonts'a tšebetso e kholo ea letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng sona se ka etsahalang ka lebaka la ho se be teng ha libatana tse kholo. Boithuto sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz bo bontšitse ts'ebetso le ho tsamaea ka linako tse fapaneng, bong le lilemo tsa liphokojoe li sebelisa likhalase tsa telemetric radio. Mehato e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le mariha, ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi - 64%. Lehlabuleng, boemo ba ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi bo theohetse ho 36,8%, e amanang le keketseho ea mocheso oa moea oa letsatsi le letsatsi. Tse tona li ne li e-na le libaka tse kholo tsa mahae le motsamao o eketsehileng ka nako ea ho ikatisa (December-Hlakubele) ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa basali.
Liphetho tsa ho bona li bonts'a khetho ea ts'ebetso ea bosiu bosiu bakeng sa libaka tsa libaka tse bulehileng le joang. Mesebetsi e phahameng ea bosiu bosiu e ka bakoa ke furu ea nama ea mantsiboea, joalo ka litoeba le mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana. Haeba ts'ebetso ea ho hlasela bosiu e etsahala libakeng tse bulehileng sena se nolofalletsa motsamao oa fox. Ho tlalehoa ha liphokojoe li tsamaea bosiu litseleng tse litšila, tse khethiloeng e le libaka tse bulehileng.
Ka tloaelo, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li na le libaka tse nyane, li lula libakeng tse phahameng haholo ebile li na le libaka tse qalikaneng tse pharalletseng ho feta liphokojoe tse bohlooho tsa naha. Ka boholo le tlhophiso ea sebaka sa lehae, ho ipapisitsoe le paballo ea naha, phepelo ea lisebelisoa, bongata ba liphokojoe, mofuta oa bolulo, nako le thobalano ea phoofolo. Mealo e tlalehiloeng ea boholo ba polane ea matlo e tloha ho 0,2 km² ka libaka tse tsoakaneng ho isa ho 0,87 km² libakeng tse fumanehang mafelong a Santa Cruz Island, le ho fihla ho 0,77 km² mathuleng a San Clemente Island. Boholo ba libaka tsa fox sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz li ne li tloha ho 0,15 ho isa ho 0,87 km 0.5 le bolelele ba 0.55 km² nakong ea methapo e lekaneng le e phahameng ea liphokojoe (7 foxes ho 1 km²).
Patlisiso sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz e fumane hore liphokojoe tsa sebakeng seo, joalo ka liphokojoe tse ngata, li phela har'a batho ba tloaelaneng ka bolokolohi ba lulang libakeng tse fapaneng. Moralo oa tšimo o ile oa fetoha kamora lefu le ho nkeloa sebaka sa banna ba babeli, empa eseng ka mor'a lefu le ho nkeloa sebaka ke basali kapa ho ba bohlankana. Sena se supa hore banna ba baholo ba nka karolo ho etseng le ho hlokomela tšimo eo. Ho sa tsotellane bonngoe ba sechaba le sebaka se le seng, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng ha se bolele hore ke tsa semorabe. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz, malinyane a mane ho a 16 ao batsoali ba bona ba ileng ba khetholloa ka ho sekaseka bo-ntate ke bona ba hlahisitsoeng ke kemolo ea pelehi. Likamano tsohle tse nang le liroboto tse eketsehileng li etsahetse pakeng tsa liphokojoe libakeng tse haufi.
Le ha liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li khona ho tsoala qetellong ea selemo sa tsona sa pele, boholo ba tsona bo qala ho ikatisa li tsofetse. Tse tšehali li ka ima ka selemo sa pele, empa hangata li hloleha ho holisa malinyane. Ke karolo ea 16 lekholong feela ea basali ba lilemo li 1 ho isa ho tse peli tse qalang nakong ea lilemo tse 5 sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel, ho fapana le 60% ea basali ba baholo. Tse tšehali li na le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa tsoalo ho feta batho ba baholo sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz. Leha ho le joalo, basali ba sa tsoa kenngoa ka tlhaho ho tsoa botlamuoeng sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel ba ile ba hlahisa matala a le lilemo li 1. Pele tlokotsi e fokotseha ea baahi ka bo-1990, liphokojoe tsa batho ba baholo ba sehlekehlekeng li ile tsa phela lilemo tse ka bang 4-6. Sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel, ho tlalehiloe batho ba 8 ba phetseng lilemo tse 7 ho isa ho tse 10 naheng. Ho na le sesupo sa hore batho ba 'maloa ba hlaha ba ile ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 12.
Hangata ho ba le setsoalle le ho rala ho etsahala ho tloha ka December ho fihlela ka Hlakubele, ho ikatisa ho tloha ka Hlakola ho fihlela ka Hlakubele. Tse tšehali li ka har'a estrus lihora tse 40, hang ka selemo, 'me ke ha tse tona li se li le haufi. Banyalani ba Sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel ba ile ba bonoa nakong ea libeke tse peli tsa pele tsa la 2 Hlakubele, 'me ho kopanya ha balekane ba atlehileng mohlomong ho etsahetse pakeng tsa Pherekhong le mathoasong a Hlakubele. Kamora ho ima, matsatsi a ka bang 50-53, liphokojoe lia tsoaloa. Sena se etsahala ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong ea Mmesa, ka linako tse ling ho fihlela bohareng ba Mots'eanong. Ka 2015, malinyane a ile a rekisoa lihlekehlekeng tse ka boroa ka Hlakubele. Ho tloha ka la 1 Mmesa ho fihlela ka la 25 Pulungoana, tsoalo e ne e tlalehiloe ka liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke.
Litsuane tsa sehlekehlekeng li tsoala malinyane manakeng a bonolo, ka tlas'a lihlahla kapa ka mahlakoreng a likhohola. Ho fumaneha ha phepo ho ama boholo ba litter, tse fapaneng ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 5, ka karolelano ea 2-3. E tšehali e nang le lisebelisoa tse matla tsa furu e ka ba le malinyane a mahlano, mme khaello ea lisebelisoa Sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel ka 2013 le 2014 e ile ea etsa hore ho se ke ha ba le tlhahiso sehlekehlekeng sohle. Tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea litšila bakeng sa tsoalo ea 24 Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz ke 2.17. Litlhako tse tloaelehileng tsa liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng ha li le botlamuoeng ho tloha ka 1999 ho isa ho 2004 (litsoalo tse 51) e ne e le liphokojoe tse 2.4. Joalo ka mefuta e meng ea liphokojoe, batsoali ka bobeli ba bontša ho tsotella bana ba liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke. E tona e fepa e tšehali lekhetlo la pele, ebe e thusa ho fepa liphokojoe tse tlohang ka sekoting ka June.
Ha a hlaha, malinyane a foufetse, 'me' mala oa ona o motšo ho tloha ho lefifi ho ea ho lefifi. Qetellong ea Phupu kapa qalong ea Phato, 'mala oa mantlha o nkeloa sebaka ke oa motho e moholo ka mafome a mangata,' me malinyane a se a le haufi le batho ba baholo. Tlhokomelo ea batsoali habeli e eketsa pholoho ea bana, hape e ts'ehetsa libaka tse fetang tsa malapa. Ho bonahala tikoloho e bonts'oa feela nakong ea kholo ea bana. Ha ho hlake hore na sebaka sena sa naha se bontšoa ka liphokojoe tse tlase.
Nakong ea likhoeli tse peli, liphokojoe tse nyane li qeta boholo ba letsatsi li le ka ntle ho lemena, empa li lule le batsoali ba tsona ho pholletsa le lehlabula. Malinyane a qala ho tsoma sebakeng sa tlhaho le batsoali ba 'ona hammoho mathoasong a lehlabula,' me ho hasana ho qala ho elella bofelong ba Mphalane ka ho tloha ha mafelo a sebaka sa botsoali ka December. Malinyane a mang a tloha libakeng tsa ona tsa tlhaho ka mariha, le ha a mang a ka lula libakeng tsa ona tsa selemo sa bobeli.
Mefuta ea ho hasana e hloka lipatlisiso tse ling. Ho ile ha fumaneha hore batsoali ba eketsa sebaka sa bona ho tloha tlhaho ka hoetla, ha malinyane a ba mafolofolo haholoanyane. Malinyane a lula sebakeng sa tlhaho ho fihlela ka December, ka mor'a moo ho phatloha hangata ho etsahala. Sena se o lumella ho eketsa ho pholoha ha malinyane ka lebaka la ho tsoma ha mantlha sebakeng se tloaelo. Tlhahlobo ea masimong e bontšitse hore basali ba selemo sa pele hangata ba theha libaka tsa bona haufi le tsa tlhaho, athe tse batona hangata li qhalakana ho tloha ho tlhaho, mohlomong ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho nyaloa le basali ba amanang. Likarohano tse pharalletseng tse hasanngoeng Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz li ne li le tlase haholo (1.39 km) ha li bapisoa le liphokojoe tse putsoa le litho tse ling tsa lelapa. Ka lebaka la boholo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba lihlekehleke, ho hasoa ha bolelele ha ho khonehe.
Ho reroa ha ntsu ea khauta ho lebisitse pakong ea ho felisoa lilemong tsa bo-1990 tsa subspecies tsa liphokojoe tsa lihlekehleke lihlekehlekeng tsa San Miguel, Santa Cruz le Santa Rosa. Ho tsoma lintsu tsa khauta ho tsoela pele ho ba sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu la liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea tsa Channel.
Ho felisoa ha ntsu ea likhama (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) ho Lihlekehleke tsa Channel ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) e kanna ea kenya letsoho katolosong ea sebaka sena ka ntsu ea khauta. Ntsu ea bald e kile ea lala lihlekehlekeng le mabifi a tsona, haholo-holo nakong ea malinyane, e ile ea leleka lintsu tsa khauta mme ha ea ka ea li lumella ho lula mona. Leha ho le joalo, sena e bile ho fihlela 1960, ha ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea DDT, lintsu ha lia ka tsa timetsoa lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea. Lijo tsa ntsu tsa likhama li itšetleha ka lisebelisoa tsa metsing, 'me ka tloaelo ntsu e tsepamisang mahlo e tsepamisitse mohono. Ntle le moo, lihlekehlekeng tse ngata tse ka leboea, makhulo a linku a ile a fetola limela tsa mantlha ho tloha lihlahleng ho fetoha makhulo a matle, tse ileng tsa siea liphokojoe tse ngata bathong ba jang liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang nama.
Ntho e 'ngoe e jang linonyana tse jang sephooko sehlekehlekeng ke liphokojoe tse' mala o mofubelu (Buteo jamaicensis), tseo hangata li jang liphokojoe eseng liphokojoe tsa batho ba baholo. Ho bile le litlaleho tse sa netefatsoang tsa ho rereha ha ntsu, empa ha ho na bopaki ba hona joale kapa ba morao-rao ba hore liphokojoe ke liphofu tse ka sehloohong.
Lintlha tse ling tsa ho shoa ha liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ke lefu tseleng, mafu a mang le likokoana-hloko. Bonyane nyeoe e le 'ngoe ea lefu la fox ka lebaka la ho tsongoa ke motho kapa batho ba sa tsejoeng e netefalitsoe ka 2007 sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina. Ho ikopanya le likoloi e ntse e le tšitiso ho liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke lihlekehlekeng tsa San Nicolas, San Clemente le Santa Catalina. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina ho tloha 2002 ho fihlela 2007 ka kakaretso liphokojoe tse 4 li bolaoa selemo le selemo ka tsela. Ho na le liphokojoe tse fetang 30 tse bolaoang ke likoloi selemo le selemo sehlekehlekeng sa San Clemente. Sehlekehlekeng sa San Nicholas ho tloha ka 1993 ho fihlela ka 2013, ho ile ha hlokahala liphokojoe tse 17 ho tloha lipakeng selemo le selemo, ka 2013 22 liphokojoe li hlokahala. Palo ena e kenyelletsa liphokojoe tse bolailoeng hang-hang. Mohlomong liphoofolo tse ling li ile tsa tsoa likotsi tsa ba tsa shoa, kapa hore ho na le malinyane a sa kang a phela kamora lefu la mme. Ka hona, lefu la sebele la selemo le selemo ho tsoa ho likoloi mohlomong le phahame haholo.
Le ha ho se na mehloli ea koluoa ea lefu, palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e ka fetoha haholo ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Baahi ba sehlekehleke sa Santa Cruz ka linako tse ling ba hlokometse linako tsa khaello le bongata ba liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke. Palo ea baahi ba lihlekehleke tsa Santa Catalina Island e ne e le tlase ka 1972 le 1977. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1994, palo ea batho ba baholo ba liphokojoe ea Santa Catalina Island e ne e hakantsoe hore e ne e le batho ba fetang 1300. Mathoasong a bo-1970, palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas e ne e nkoa e le tlase haholo, empa ka 1984 e ne e fihlile ho batho ba ka bang 500.
Likarolo tse 'nè tsa fox ea sehlekehleke (liphokojoe tsa lihlekehleke tsa San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz le Santa Catalina) li fokotsehile ka sekhahla ka lipalo halofong ea bobeli ea bo-1990. Palo ea liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tsa San Miguel, Santa Rosa le Santa Cruz e fokotsehile ka 90-95%. Ka 1999, ho ne ho lumeloa hore likhakanyo tsa liphokojoe tsa lihlekehleke tse lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea tsa Channel li ne li le kotsing, joalo ka ha ho ne ho lula ka Santa Catalina ka selemo sa 2000.
Ka 2004, lipehelo tse 4 ho tse 6 li kentsoe lenaneng la mmuso oa Amerika ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa baahi ba bona. Palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke sa San Miguel (Urocyon littoralis littoralis) e theohile ho tloha ho batho ba 450 ho isa ho ba 15, lihlekehleke tsa Santa Rosa (U. l. Santarosae) li fokotsehile ho tloha ho batho ba fetang 1750 ho isa ho 15, lihlekehleke tsa Santa Cruz (U. l Santacruzae) ho tloha Batho ba ka bang 1,450 ba fokotsehile ho fihla ho ba ka bang 55; lihlekehleke tsa Santa Catalina (U. l. catalinae) li fokotsehile ho tloha 1300 ho isa ho 103. Lintsu tsa sehlekehleke sa San Clemente (U. lmentmentae) le sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas (U. dickeyi) ha lia ka tsa etsa joalo. ba kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la mmuso, kaha palo ea bona ha ea ka ea latsoa ho fokotseha ho joalo. Leha ho le joalo, lipehelo tsohle tsa 6 li thathamisitsoe e le tse kotsing naheng ea California.
Litšokelo tse peli tse tsebahalang tse lebisitseng ho khethoa ha mefuta e mene ea phokojoe ea sehlekehleke joalo ka ha e se e le kotsing:
1) ponelopele ea ntsu ea khauta (Aquila chrysaetos) (Lihlekehleke tsa San Miguel, Santa Rosa le Santa Cruz),
2) phetiso ea vaerase ea canine distemper (Santa Catalina Island).
Ntle le moo, kaha palo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e nyane, li kotsing e kholo ea liketsahalo tse sa lebelloang ka lebaka la phapang e fokolang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Matshosetsi a mang a bakileng ho fokotseha ha palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng kapa a tsoelapele ho ama liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng mme tikoloho ea tsona ke tlholeho ea tikoloho e tsoang ho makhulo, mafu le likokoana-hloko.
Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha palo ea batho ba tlalehiloeng lihlekehlekeng tse 'maloa, ho ile ha kenngoa lenaneo la botlamuoa lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea. Sehlopha se lebisitsoeng sa lipara tse 20 bakeng sa subspecies e 'ngoe le e' ngoe se ile sa thehoa e le karolo ea lenaneo la ho ts'oara batšoaruoa.
Ka 2003, lenaneo la botshwaruoa la lithole le ne le le haufi le ho fihlela sepheo sa batho ba mashome a mabeli ka bomong. Sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa batho ba botlamuoeng ba tsoang lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Rosa le San Miguel se fihlile ho 1,2 le 1,3 ka ho latellana.
Lenaneo la botšoaruoa ba botlamuoeng lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea le qalile ho tloha ka 2000 ho fihlela ka 2008. Ho tloha ho batho ba 10 ho isa ho ba 20 ba neng ba tsoa botlamuoeng ba ne ba lokolloa selemo le selemo hore ba ee naheng.
Mosebetsi oa tsosoloso o ne o kenyelletsa ho ba makhoba a khoholeho (ho tloha ka 2001 ho fihlela ka 2008), ho tlosoa ha ntsu ea khauta, ho tsamaisoa ha likolobe tse hlaha, lipōli tse hlaha le mofuta o mong o tsoang pele (kaofela - ho tsoma lintsu tsa khauta), hammoho le nts'etsopele ea ntsu ea makhoaba. Baahi bohle ba lihlekehleke tsa lihlekehleke ba beiloe leihlo ba sebelisa tšebeliso ea seea-le-moea le palo ea selemo le selemo. Liphokojoe ka bomong tsa sehlekehleke li ipeha ka li-microchips tse tsoang ho batho ba pele. Linonyana tse ling tsa sehlekehleke se seng le se seng li fuoa ente selemo le selemo ho tsoa ho li-canine distemper le likokoana-hloko.
Baahi ba liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ba hlaphoheloa ka bongata bo boholo le ho pholoha lihlekehlekeng tse ngata, 'me tse ling tsa lits'ebetso li tseleng ea ho hlaphoheloa. Litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa hoa tlhaho bakeng sa baahi ba lihlekehleke tsa San Miguel, Santa Cruz le Santa Catalina li ka khahlisoa ke 2013, Santa Rosa - ka mokhoa o loketseng ka selemo sa 2017.
Ho tloha ka 2013, palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e eketsehile ho batho ba 1000 lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Catalina le Santa Cruz, ho fihla ho 900 sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Rosa le ba ka bang 600 sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel. Ntle le moo, hajoale lipehelo tsohle tsa fox ea sehlekehleke li na le sekhahla sa ho pholoha selemong se fetang 80%.
Boemo ba liphoofotsoana tse hlaha ka 2015: setala (San Clemente), se khutliselitsoe (Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina), se khutliselitsoe (Santa Rosa). Litlamorao tsa komello li bakile ho fokotseha hanyane ho lihlekehleke tsa San Nicholas le San Miguel, empa baahi ka bobeli ba lula ba tsitsitse.
[edit] Classified
- Urocyon littoralis catalinae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Catalina.
- Urocyon littoralis clementae - sehlekehleke sa San Clemente.
- Urocyon littoralis dickeyi - sehlekehleke sa San Nicholas.
- Urocyon littoralis littoralis - sehlekehleke sa San Miguel.
- Urocyon littoralis santacruzae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Cruz.
- Urocyon littoralis santarosae - sehlekehleke sa Santa Rosa.
[edit] Ho ba le boitšoaro
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ke liphoofolo tse itšehlang thajana. Sebaka sa moetlo oa ba batona se akaretsa likarolo tse 'maloa tsa basali mme ke 0.5-1 mile 2. Tse tona li tšoaea sebaka, li siea moroto le makhopho fatše. Makhoaba a sehlekehleke ha a e-ba bosiu haholo, empa a ile a bonoa nakong ea motšehare. Liphoofolo li ka luma har'a bosiu. Puisano le motho e mong le e mong e etsoa ka ho sebelisa matšoao a fapaneng a lentsoe, ho etsa lintho tse utloisang bohloko le tse bonoang.
Litsuane tsa sehlekehlekeng ke liphoofolo tse ratang botsoalle, tse mamelang, tse bapalang le tse bohelehele. Ha ba tšabe batho. Khathatso ho batho e ka bontšoa feela naheng.
Litsuane tsa sehlekehlekeng ke li-omnivores; lijo li entsoe ka likokoanyana le litholoana. Litholoana le monokotsoai li kenyelletsa manzanites, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), quinoa (Atriplex)Opuntia) Lijo tsa liphoofolo li na le litoeba tsa likhama le linonyana tse fapa-fapaneng, ka linako tse ling mekholutsoane, li-amphibians, likhopo tsa naha le litšila tse siiloeng ke batho.
[edit] Ho hlahisa
Ho liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng, ho hlaseloa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka thobalano ha ho hlahisoe hantle 'me ho shebiloe likamano tse lekanang pakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali, e leng ho re lumelletsang ho etsa qeto ea hore ba khahlano le ba bang.
Nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e tšoarella ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa ho Mphalane 'me e ipapisitse le latitude. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 50-63, kamora moo ho tsoaloa malinyane a 1-5 (karolelano ea 2-3). Ho hlaha ha ngoana ho hlaha ka lemeneng, le ka sebeletsang e le lesoba ka har'a lifate, likoti ka fase, qubu ea majoe, lihlahla, mahaha esita le likarolo tsa maiketsetso. Lair e thusa ho sireletsa liphokojoe ha ho bata ebile ho na le likotsi tse ling.
Makhoaba a sa tsoa tsoaloa a foufetse, a boima ba 'mele e ka bang 100. Lactation e nka libeke tse 7-9. Mariha, kholo ea limela e fihla ho bongata ba liphoofolo tse kholo. Makhoaba a lula le batsoali ba 'ona ho pholletsa le lehlabula, a ikemela ho bona ka September.Ho kena bohlankaneng ho etsahala ha a le likhoeli li 10, 'me ho tloha selemong, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li se li khona ho ikatisa.
[edit] Tsamaiso le tšireletso
Boholo ba fox ea sehlekehleke bo akaretsa lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng ho Channel Archipelago. E na le makhulo, metangoana ea metsi a leoatle, lihlahla tsa lehoatata, li-chaparral, meru ea phaene le eike.
Palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ho tloha ka 2002 e hakanngoe ho batho ba 1,500, ha ka 1994 ho ne ho na le ba ka bang 4 000. Lihlekehlekeng tse 'ne ho tse tšeletseng, palo ea batho e theohile ka potlako lilemong tse 4 tse fetileng. Lihlekehlekeng tsa San Miguel le Santa Cruz, baahi ba ile ba fokotseha ka lipalo tse fetang 90% pakeng tsa 1995 le 2000. Ho fokotseha ho tšoanang ho bonoa lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Rosa le Santa Catalina. Baahi ba San Miguel hajoale ba liphokojoe tse 28, ho Santa Rosa - liphokojoe tse 45, liphoofolo li lula kholehong lihlekehlekeng ka bobeli. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz, palo ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e theohile ho tloha ho 1312 ka 1993 ho ea ho 133 ka 1999. Likhakanyo tsa 2001 li bonts'a hore tlasa maemo a tlholeho sehlekehlekeng ke liphoofolo tse 60-80 feela tse bolokiloeng, kaha 2002 le tsona li kentsoe botlamuoeng. Baahi ba Santa Cruz le San Miguel ba hloka ts'ebetso ea ho boloka tikoloho ka potlako. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li tsepame karolong ea eona e ka bochabela, e leng litholoana tsa ho phatloha ha seoa sa canine ka 1999. Baahi ba San Clement ba hakangoa ho liphokojoe tse kholo tse 410. E 'ngoe ea baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa e sehlekehlekeng sa San Nicholas - batho ba ka bang 734 ba nang le letsoalo le phahameng (5.6-16.4 foxes / km 2).
E 'ngoe ea litšokelo tse ka sehloohong ho baahi ba liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ke ponelopele ea ntsu ea khauta (Aquila chrysaetos) Mafu a fapaneng a lintja le 'ona a kotsi. Baahi bohle ba nyane, ba bang ba kotsing e kholo, ka hona, mohloli o mong le o mong oa koluoa oa batho ba bolaeang o sokela fox ea sehlekehleke, ekaba ke nts'etsopele ea ntsu ea khauta, lefu la ntja kapa koluoa ea tikoloho. Haufinyane, San Clemente, ka lebaka la ho tsongoa ha liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke, ke e 'ngoe ea lipeeletso tsa American Julan (Lanius ludovicianus) Makhoaba a sehlekehleke a ile a timetsoa ho boloka nonyana ena. Le ha ho thunya ho felile, liphokojoe li ntse li ts'oaroa le ho bolokoa litlamong nakong ea sehla sa American Zhulan. Ntle le moo, libaka tsa litselana li sirellelitsoe ke terata ea motlakase e hahiloeng ho tsona, e tšosang liphokojoe.
Mokhatlo oa machaba oa Conservation of Nature o hlalosa boemo ba phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e le "e kotsing e kholo". CR) Pono ha e kenyelelitsoe ho Likopo tsa CITES.
Mefuta: Urocyon littoralis Baird, 1858 = Sehlekehleke sa Gray Fox
ISLAND FOX, ISLAND FOX
Lebitso la Latin: Urocyon littoralis littoralis. Lebitso la saense Littoralis le fetoletsoe ho tsoa Selatineng e le "e fumanehang, e holiloe ka lebopong la leoatle" kapa e le sebopuwa se lulang sehlekehlekeng. Mofuta oa sehlekehleke sa Urocyon littoralis ke eena ea amanang haufi-ufi oa mofuta oa k'honthinente ea botala ea Uxcyon cineroargenteus.
Mabitso a mang: ISLAND GRAY FOX, ISLAND GRAY FOX
Tsamaiso e lekanyelitsoe sebakeng sa lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng tse kholo ka ho fetisisa (Channel Islands), e bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 19-60 ho tloha lebopong la California boroa, USA. Tsena li kenyelletsa lihlekehleke tsa Santa Catalina, San Clement, San Nicholas, San Miguel, Santa Cruz le Santa Rosa.
Linokoane tse botala ba sehlekehleke ke mofuta o monyane ka ho fetisisa oa liphokojoe tse tsejoang United States. Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, fox ea sehlekehleke e ne e nkuoa e le mofuta oa mofuta oa fox e tsoakiloeng (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), e le nyane ebile e na le mohatla o mokhuts'oane moo ho nang le li-vertebrae tse peli tse fokolang ho feta liphokojoe tse putsoa tse tsoang naheng ea naha. Leloko la fox ea khubung ea Continental, fox ea sehlekehlekeng e bile mofuta o ikhethang ho feta lilemo tse 10 000, e boloka litšobotsi tsa ntate oa eona, empa ts'ebetsong ea ho iphetola ha lintho, boholo ba eona bo fokotsehile mme hona joale ke likarolo tse peli feela ho tse tharo tsa kholo.
Pono e akaretsang ea phokojoe ea sehlekehleke e entsoe ka li-subspecies tse tšeletseng tse fapaneng, e le 'ngoe ho Lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng tseo ba lulang ho tsona. Liphokojoe tse tsoang lihlekehlekeng ka bomong li ntse li khona ho kopanya, empa ho na le liphapang tse fapaneng tsa 'mele le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lekaneng ho amohela boikemelo ba bona ba boipuso. Mohlala, palo e tloaelehileng ea li-caudal vertebrae e fapana haholo ho tloha sehlekehlekeng ho isa sehlekehlekeng. Lipehelo tsohle li rehiloe lebitso ka sehlekehleke sa bona seo ba tsoang ho sona.
Setsi sa Fox sa Sehlekehleke:
Urocyon littoralis littoralis - San Miguel Island fox
U. littoralis santarosae - Santa Rosa Fox
U. littoralis santacruzae - Fox ea sehlekehleke sa Santa Cruz
U. littoralis dickeyi - San Nicholas fox
U. littoralis catalinae - Fox ea sehlekehleke sa Santa Catalina
U. littoralis clementae - Fox ea sehlekehleke sa San Clemente
'Mala: Boea bo bosoeu bo bosoeu bo nang le likeletso tse ntšo tsa boea le koae ea sinamone ka lehlakoreng la dorsal, le boputsoa bo bosoeu bo bofubelu le bo bosoeu ka mpeng. Chisi, molomo, nko le sebaka sa mahlo li sootho, ha mahlakore a marama a sootho. Litsebe, molala le mahlakore a maoto a bosoeu li na le sootho. Mohatla o na le mohala o mosoeu o bapileng le o moputsoa lehlakoreng la dorsal ka mohala oa boea bo harelaneng. Bokantle ba mohatla ke mafome. 'Mala oa seaparo o ka fapana har'a liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse fapaneng, leha e fapana haholo har'a batho ba fapaneng, ho tloha ho ba bohlooho ho isa ho bo bofubelu le bo bofubelu.
Phokojoe ea sehlekehleke sena e hlaha hanngoe feela ka selemo nakong ea Phato le November.
Makhoaba a manyane a na le kobo e motenya empa e motenya ka mekokotlong a 'ona ha a bapisoa le batho ba baholo.
Bolelele bo bolelele ba 'mele o nang le mohatla ho banna ke 716 mm (625-716), ho basali 689 mm (590-787). Bolelele bo bolelele ba 'mele ke: 48-50 cm, bolelele ba mohatla: 11-29 cm. Bophahamo mahetleng ke lisentimitara tse 12 ho isa ho tse 15.
Boima: Karolelano ea boima ba 'mele ho tloha ho 1,2 ho isa ho 2.8 kg (boima ba lik'hilograma tse 2,4,4), banna ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 2 ka karolelano le basali ba boima ba 1,9 kg.
Tebello ea bophelo: Karolelano ea nako ea bophelo ka tlholeho e ne e le telele ka ho lekaneng ho liphokojoe hobane li ne li se na libatana le mafu. Hajoale, e nka lilemo tse 'ne ho isa ho tse tšeletseng, empa liphokojoe tse ling li phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 15.
Lentsoe: Puisano e ntle pakeng tsa liphokojoe e etsoa ka ho luma ebile ka linako tse ling ea luma.
Habitat: Lihlekehleke li na le boemo ba leholimo bo khetholloang ke mocheso le ho omella nakong ea selemo, le pholileng le mongobo o phahameng (mongobo) mariha. Leha boholo ba liphokojoe bo feto-fetoha ebile bo khethiloe ke libaka tsa bona tsa bolulo, ha ho sebaka se setle seo ba ka khethang ho sona. Ha palo ea liphokojoe e ne e le ngata, liphokojoe li ne li ka fumanoa le ho bonoa libakeng tsohle tsa sehlekehleke, ntle le tse neng li futsanehile haholo ka lebaka la pherekano ea batho. Makhoba a ne a lula liphuleng le masimong a lithota, lilibeng tsa mabopo a leoatle, mabopong a lehlabathe, lihlekehleke tsa lihlahla tse meutloa, meru ea oak ea leoatleng le meru ea phaene.
Lira: E 'ngoe ea lira tse ka sehloohong tsa liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ke ntsu ea khauta. Linonyana tsa khauta li ne li sa lule li lula lihlekehlekeng tsena, empa li ne li hoheloa ke palo ea likolobe tse hlaha ho tloha ka 1995, ha ntsu e ile ea timela mona. Ho nyamela ha ntsu ho entse maemo a matle bakeng sa ho lula ha lihlekehleke tse ka leboea ka ntsu e nyane ea khauta. Ntsu ea khauta e ile ea qala ho tsoma fox ea sehlekehleke ka katleho mme lilemong tse supileng tse latelang fox ea sehlekehleke e ile ea felisoa ka ho timela ka ho feletseng. Patlisiso e bonts'itse hore ehlile ka 2000, palo ea liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tse tharo tse ka leboea e fokotsoe ke 95%.
Tšokelo e kholo ho baahi bohle ba sehlekehleke sa makhoaba ke kotsi ea mafu a canine a tsoang naheng e kholo, joalo ka leptospirosis, rabies, e ka felisang sechaba sa fox ka botlalo. Ka selemo se le seng, hoo e ka bang 90% ea liphokojoe tsa Santa Catalina Island li ile tsa senngoa ka lebaka la vaerase ea canine e bakang ho shoa litho le lefu. Palo ea baahi e fokotsehile, joalo ka ha ho ne ho lebelletsoe, e ntse e tsoela pele le kajeno.
Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha bona feela, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng ha li na ts'ireletso ea tlhaho ea likokoana-hloko le maloetse a tlisoang naheng e kholo, 'me li ameha haholo ho tse tsamaisoang ke lintja tsa lehae. Palo e kholo ea liphokojoe e shoa ka tlas'a mabili a makoloi lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Catalina, San Clement le San Nicholas. Palo eohle ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e theohile ho tloha ho batho ba 6,000 ka 1994, ho fihla ho ba ka tlase ho 1,500 ka 2002. Lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea, moo bongata bo atisang ho hlahisoa ke ntsu ea khauta, liphokojoe li ngata haholo libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tse tsoang holimo, ho kenyelletsa le meutloa ea lihlahla tse meutloa le masimong. dill e monate (Foeniculum vulgare) le lichaba tse ling tsa limela tsa shrub.
Lintsu tsa sehlekehleke li tsoma haholo bosiu, empa hape lia sebetsa mots'ehare. Lijo hangata li latela hore na liphokojoe li lula kae le hore na ke nako ea selemo e feng. Empa motheo oa lijo tsa bona ke hore, pele ho tsohle, mefuta eohle ea litholoana le monokotsoai (ho kenyelletsoa nama ea tanka, toyon, quinoa, prickly pear le tse ling), empa hape e kenyeletsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, linonyana, lihahabi, likatse tsa naha, mahe le mefuta eohle ea likokoanyana, le le masala a jeoang a litšila tsa batho.
Ha e fihla kholong, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li theha para e tšoarellang nako ea ho tsoala le ho holisa malinyane. Nako e 'ngoe ea bophelo, ba phela bosiu bo le bong' me ka linako tse ling bosiu mokhoa o monate oa bophelo ho fihlela sehla se latelang sa ho ikatisa. E motona le e motšehali ho basali ba lula libakeng tse arohaneng le tikoloho e boholo ba lisekoere-mithara tse 0,5, leha likarolo tsa bona li ka koaheloa ka tsela e itseng pakeng tsa bona le likarolo tsa lipara tse haufi. Puisano lipakeng tsa liphokojoe ke pono, melumo le monko. Bosiu bohle, hangata motho o utloa liphokojoe tse lutlang li lla har'a tsona. Puisano ka matla ka mokhoa oa ho luma le ho luma, ka ho nka karolo ha sefahleho le boitšepo ba mmele, e thusa ho khetholla batho ba busang kapa ba tlase. Ka hona, mohlala, ho fana ka maikutlo ho ka hlahisoa ha o kopana le ho theola hlooho, ho otlolla litsebe, ho khumama, ho nyeka molekane le ho se be le kamano e tobileng ea mahlo (leihlo le le leng). Monko o bohale o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho tšoaetsoeng libaka, tse tsamaisoang ka moroto le mekotla, tse moeling oa libaka le mekhoa e meholo ea ho tsamaea liphokojoe.
Lintsu tsa sehlekehleke, joaloka baholo-holo ba tsona ba naheng e sabaletseng, li hloella lifateng hantle.
Ha ba le botlamuoeng, liphokojoe li ka qala ho bontša mabifi ho batho, empa haufinyane li tla theoleloa 'me li ikokobetse. Ba masesaane, ba bonolo, baa bapala ebile ba rata ho tseba lintho tsa tlhaho.
Sebopeho sa sechaba: liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li lula maemong a phahameng ho feta fox e bohlooho, le bolelele bo boholo ba mithara ka fox. Sebaka sa sebaka sa sebaka ka seng se arohantsoe le se ahisaneng ka bongata ka lithane tsa matlakala ebe se ngotsoe ka moroto. Meeli ea sebaka sa ba batona e fetoha hangata ho feta ea basali, athe karolo ea mosali e etsang banyalani nakong ea moimana e etsa leano le tloaelehileng la lelapa le e tona mme le sirelitsoe ka kopanelo.
Ho ikatisa: Ho nahanoa hore, kaha har'a bongata ba liphokojoe ho na le karolelano ea thobalano e lekanang, lia nyarosa.
Litulo li fumaneha libakeng tse katileng lefatše, likutu tsa lifate tse se nang letho, qubu ea majoe, lihlahla, mahaha le meaho e meng ea maiketsetso. Le ha hangata ba sa ikahele matlo a bona, empa moo ho se nang leha e le lehae le loketseng, leha ho le joalo ba e cheka ka bo bona ka sebopeho se tlase sa mobu. Malinyane a tsoalloa ka lemeneng le sirelelitsoeng hantle ebile a entsoe ka hloko ka litšila tsa limela tse omileng.
Joalo ka li-canine tse ling, ba batona ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho holiseng bacha. Makhoaba a manyane, kamora hore a tlohe ka mokoting ebe o ikemetse, hangata a lula haufi le lehae la bona sebakeng sa batsoali ba bona nako e teletsana. Ba fihlela boholo ba batho ba baholo qetellong ea selemo sena, empa hangata ba siea batsoali ba bona bofelong ba Lwetse.
Nako ea selemo / nako ea ho ikatisa: Nako ea ho tlolelana le ho tlola e oela ka Pherekhong - Mots'eanong mme e ipapisitse le bophahamo ba sebaka.
Ho kena lilemong tsa bocha: Liphokojoe li qala ho ikemela qalong ea hoetla, li fihla lilemong tsa ho ba le likhoeli tse 10, 'me tse tšehali lia tsoala li le haufi le selemo.
Boimana: Boimana: matsatsi a 51-63.
Ho hlaha: boholo ba litter ka karolelano ke malinyane a 4, empa ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho a 10. Malinyane a foufetse ha a na thuso ebile a boima ba ligrama tse 100. Mme o anyesa malinyane mme o a fepa ka lebese libekeng tsa pele tse 7-9, leha a hlaha a le mokotleng mme a qala ho lahla lijo tse tlisitsoeng ke batsoali, ho qala ho tloha a le lilemo li ka bang khoeli e le 'ngoe.
Molemo / kotsi ho batho:
Lintho tse tharo tse kholo tse tšosang sehlekehleke sena sa putsoa ke ho senya tikoloho, tlholisano le likatse tse hlaha mabapi le lijo le tšoso ea maloetse a hlahisitsoeng naheng e kholo. Kahoo, palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel e theohile hampe lilemong tse 5 tse fetileng: haeba ka 1994 palo ea liphokojoe e ne e hakanyetsoa ho liphoofolo tse 450, ebe ka 1998 e ne e le liphoofolo tse 40 feela.
Ha ho tsejoe letho ka liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Rosa. Ho lumeloa hore ha li na seoelo, 'me ho lumeloa hore ntsu ea khauta e phethile karolo e kholo ho theoheng ha tsona. Palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz e na le liphoofolo tse ka bang 100-133. Sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu ke lintsu tsa khauta. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina, liphokojoe tse ngata li ile tsa hlokahala ka 1999 ho tloha ho malinyane a marang-rang a neng a tsoa le lintja. Ho koaloa ha liphokojoe ka mor'a moo ho lebisitse ho khutlisetseng ha baahi ba sebaka sa liphokojoe 'me hajoale li ngatafala haholo. Palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa San Clemente e phahame, 'me ho San Nicolas palo ea batho e lula e fetoha kamehla. Tsohle tse kaholimo li lebisitse ntlheng ea hore hona joale fox ea sehlekehleke e sirelelitsoe ka botlalo lihlekehlekeng tsohle tse tšeletseng.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ba tsoma haholo bosiu, empa hape ba mafolofolo mots'ehare. Lijo tsa tsona li itšetlehile haholo ka hore na liphokojoe li lula kae le hore na ke nako ea selemo e fe. Empa motheo oa lijo tsa bona ke hore, pele ho tsohle, mefuta eohle ea litholoana le monokotsoai (ho kenyeletsa le tannic bearberry, quinoa, prickly pear le tse ling). Ho joalo, sebatana sena se ke ke sa sebetsa ntle le protheine ea liphoofolo, se sebelisa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, linonyana, liphoofolo tse anyesang, likatse tsa naha, mahe le mefuta eohle ea likokoanyana hammoho le masalla a litšila a batho.
Boitšoaro ba Sechaba le Ho Tsoala
Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke ha e fihla tsebong, liphokojoe li theha para e tšoarellang nako ea ho ikatisa le ho holisa malinyane. Selemo se setseng, liphokojoe li phela bosiu bo le bong, 'me ka linako tse ling tsa bophelo ba motšehare ho fihlela sehla se latelang sa ho ikatisa. E motona le e motšehali ho basali ba lula libakeng tse arohaneng le tikoloho e boholo ba lisekoere-mithara tse 0,5, leha likarolo tsa bona li ka koaheloa ka tsela e itseng pakeng tsa bona le likarolo tsa lipara tse haufi. Liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke li lula maemong a phahameng ho feta fox e putsoa, le bolelele bo boholo ba mithara ka fox. Meeli ea sebaka sa ba batona e fetoha hangata ho feta ea basali, athe sebaka sa mosali se etsang banyalani nakong ea mohono se kopantsoe sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa lelapa le monna mme se sirelelitsoe ka kopanelo.
Puisano lipakeng tsa liphokojoe ke pono, melumo le monko. Bosiu bohle, hangata motho o utloa liphokojoe tse lutlang li lla har'a tsona. Puisano ka matla ka mokhoa oa ho luma le ho luma, ka ho nka karolo ha sefahleho le boitšepo ba mmele, e thusa ho khetholla batho ba busang kapa ba tlase. Ka hona, mohlala, tlhahiso e ka hlahisoa sebokeng ka ho theola hlooho, ho otlolla litsebe, ho lla, ho nyeka molekane le ho se be le pono e tobileng ea mahlo (leihlo le le leng). Monko o bohale o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho tšoaetsoeng libaka, tse tsamaisoang ka moroto le litšila, tse moeling oa merero le mekhoa e meholo ea ho tsamaisa liphokojoe.
Nako ea ho tlolelana le ho nyala e oela ka Pherekhong - Mphalane 'me ho ipapisitse le bophahamo ba sebaka. Metsoako ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng e hlophisa lintho tse lefatšeng, likutu tsa lifate tse se nang letho, qubu ea majoe, lihlahla, lehaha le likarolo tse ling tsa maiketsetso. Le ha hangata ba sa ikahele matlwana a bona, empa ka ho se na lehae le loketseng, leha ho le joalo ba e cheka ka bo bona ka sebopeho se fokolang sa mobu.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 51-63. Malinyane a tsoalloa ka lemeneng le sirelelitsoeng hantle ebile a entsoe ka hloko ka litšila tsa limela tse omileng. Joalo ka li-canine tse ling, ba batona ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa phepelong ea bona ea lijo, tšireletso le koetlisong. Boholo ba litonki li lekanya liphokojoe tse 4, empa li tloha ho 1 ho isa ho tse 10. Bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ha ba khone ho tsoala ebile ba boima ba ligrama tse 100. Mme o ba fepa lebese libekeng tsa pele tse 7-7, leha ba hlaha ba le ka lesakeng 'me ba qala ho ntšoa lijo tse tlisitsoeng ke batsoali ba bona ba le khoeli e le' ngoe. Makhoaba a manyane, kamora hore a tlohe ka mokoting ebe o ikemetse, hangata a lula haufi le lehae la bona sebakeng sa batsoali ba bona nako e teletsana. Ba fihlela boholo ba batho ba baholo qetellong ea selemo sena, empa hangata ba siea batsoali ba bona bofelong ba Lwetse. Makhoaba a kena boroetsaneng ha a le haufi le ho ba le likhoeli tse 10, 'me tse tšehali li tsoala li le haufi le selemo.
Litšisinyeho tsa ho ba teng
Ho na le lintho tse tharo tse ka sehloohong sehlekehleke se putsoa sa fox - Tšenyo ea tikoloho, tlholisano ka likatse tse hlaha ka lijo, le tšoso ea maloetse a tlisoang naheng e kholo. Kahoo, palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel e fokotsehile haholo lilemong tse 5 tse fetileng: haeba ka 1994 palo ea liphokojoe e ne e hakanyetsoa ho liphoofolo tse 450, ebe ka 1998 e ne e le liphoofolo tse 40 feela. Ha ho tsejoe letho ka liphokojoe lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Rosa. Palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz e na le liphoofolo tse ka bang 100-133. Sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu ke lintsu tsa khauta. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina, liphokojoe tse ngata li ile tsa hlokahala ka 1999 ho tloha ho malinyane a marang-rang a neng a tsoa le lintja. Ho koaloa ha liphokojoe ka mor'a moo ho lebisitse ho khutlisetseng ha baahi ba sebaka sa liphokojoe 'me hajoale li ngatafala haholo. Palo ea liphokojoe sehlekehlekeng sa San Clemente e phahame, 'me ho San Nicolas palo ea batho e lula e fetoha kamehla. Tsohle tse kaholimo li lebisitse ntlheng ea hore hajoale seretse se setala sa bohlooho se sirelelitsoe ka botlalo lihlekehlekeng tsohle tse tšeletseng.
Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha bona feela, liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng ha li na ts'ireletso ea tlhaho ea likokoana-hloko le maloetse a tlisoang naheng e kholo, 'me li ameha haholo ho tse tsamaisoang ke lintja tsa lehae. Palo e kholo ea liphokojoe e shoa ka tlas'a mabili a makoloi lihlekehlekeng tsa Santa Catalina, San Clement le San Nicholas. Palo eohle ea liphokojoe tsa sehlekehleke e theohile ho tloha ho batho ba 6,000 ka 1994, ho fihla ho ba ka tlase ho 1,500 ka 2002. Lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea, moo bongata bo atisang ho hlahisoa ke ntsu ea khauta, liphokojoe li ngata haholo libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tse tsoang holimo, ho kenyelletsa le meutloa ea lihlahla tse meutloa le masimong. dill e monate (Foeniculum vulgare) le lichaba tse ling tsa limela tsa shrub.