Li-Therizinosaurs (kapa Segnosaurs) li fumanoe litsing tse qalang ho tloha Qalong ho isa Late Cretaceous ho la Mongolia, China le karolong e ka bophirima ea USA. Lebitso "Therizinosaurus" le tsoa ho Therizinosaurus, lebitso la e mong oa baemeli ba sehlopha sena, le "Segnosaurus" - ho tsoa Segnosaurus.
Li-Therizinosaves li ne li e-na le melala e melelele, li-torsos tse sephara. Maoto a ka morao a ne a entsoe ka menoana e mene bakeng sa ho tsamaea, e leng se neng se etsa hore a shebahale joaloka prosauropod. Masapo a tsona a ikhethang a pelvic a ne a tšoana le masapo a pelvic a li-dinosaurs, 'me menoana ea' ona le maoto a ne a tšoana le maoto le menoana ea liphoofolo tse jang tse ling.
Li-Therizinosaurs li ne li nkuoa e le ba amanang le prosauuropod ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1990, ha ho ne ho fumanoa alxasaurus, mesaletsa ea eona e neng e bolokiloe e batla e felletse. Alksazavr e kanna ea tšoana le theropod ho fapana le prozauropod, ka hona li-Therizinosaurs ka har'a sehlopha sa sejoale li nkuoa e le theropods.
Khokahano lipakeng tsa li-therizinosaurs le li-theropod tse ling li ile tsa qetella li thehiloe mabapi le ho sibolloa ha baemeli ba khale ba sehlopha, joalo ka beiposaosaur ka 1999 le falkaria ka 2005. Bo-rasaense ba hlalositseng falkaria ba supile hore e emela mohato o mahareng lipakeng tsa li-theodods tsa maiketsetso. Le ha joale li-Therizinosaurs li aroloa e le li-theodods, mehatla ea tsona e tšoana le maraba a sauropod ka sebopeho sa meno le mehlahare, ka hona ho ka etsahala hore e ne e le limela tse ngata.
Tšobotsi e tsotehang ka ho fetisisa ea li-Therizinosaurs ke mehatla e meholo maotong a bona, eo ka mefuta e meng (e kang therizinosaurus) e fihletseng bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse mashome a robong. Taba ea hore li-Therizinosaurs li ne li ka otlolla matšoao a eona a matelele hole ho tiisa hore li ne li le limela. Li-Therizinosaurs li ne li ka sebelisa maoto a tsona a malelele le marapo a koetsoeng ka thata ho koba makala melomong ea tsona, ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le sloth ea prehistoric. Li-fossils tsa Beipyaosaurus li bonts'a hore li-Therizinosaurs li ne li koahetsoe ka sekhechana sa fluff ea khale e ts'oanang le e fumanoang ho Sinosauropteryx, hape e ne e e-na le masiba a maholo a neng a ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hohela batho ba bong bo fapaneng kapa a tšosa liphofu tse jang. Therizinosaurs e ne e le sehlopha se fapaneng haholo sa li-dinosaurs, ho tloha ho li-beiposaosaurs tse nyane (limithara tse 2,2) ho ea ho therizinosaurus e kholo, e neng e le bolelele ba limithara tse 10,5, e le boima ba lithane tse 6.2 mme e ne e le e 'ngoe ea li-theropod tse kholo ka ho fetisisa.
Nalane ea ho ithuta
Hobane lipatlisiso tsa pejana li ne li sa fella, lintlha tsena tse sa tloaelehang tsa sebopeho li lebisitse bo-rasaense ba bang, joalo ka Gregory S. Paul, ho fihlela qeto ea bohata ea hore li-segnosaurs (lentsoe "serisinosaurs" ha le sa sebelisoa ka nako eo) ke litloholo tsa li-prosauropods kapa li-dinosaurs tsa pele tsa likhoho. Ka lebaka la hore li-Therizinosaurs li ne li nkuoa e le ba leloko la prozauropod, litšoantšo tsa segnosaur tsa pele (ho kenyeletsoa le lipapiso tsa Paul) li ba bonts'a e le liphoofolo tse maoto a maoto a mane, leha ho le joalo, ho sisinyeha ha libopuoa tsena ka maoto a mane ho ne ho ke ke ha khonahala ka lebaka la mofuta oa linonyana tsa matsoho a tsona. Setsebi sa paleont Robert Robert Back Back ka 1986 o ile a etsa tlhahiso ea ho fetola sehlopha sa li-dinosaurs tse neng li le teng ka nako eo. Morero o le mong o lokela ho kenyelletsa li-dinosaurs tsohle tse khahlisang - li-carnosaurs, li-coelurosaurs, li-raptors, le sebaka sa bobeli sa li-herbivorous kaofela - li-ornithopods, li-hadrosaurs, marginosaurus, ceratops, hammoho le segnosaurs, sauropods le prosauropods.
Nako le sebaka seo a leng ho sona
Ka pel'a rona ke alshazaur e pente e khanyang e entsoeng ke sebini sa Argentina Gabriel Lio.
Alshazaurs e bile teng qalong ea Cretaceous, lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 125-100,5 tse fetileng (ho tloha ho Aptic ho ea ho Albanian). Li ile tsa ajoa sebakeng sa China ea sejoale-joale, sebakeng sa sepheo sa Alashan, e leng karolo ea sebaka se ikemetseng sa Inner Mongolia.
Mefuta le Nalane ea Boitšoaro
Mofuta o le mong feela o tsejoang kajeno ke Alxasaurus elesitaiensiska ho tšoanang e le mohlala.
Ka lekhetlo la pele, masalla a alshazaur a ile a fumanoa ke leholiotsoana la Sino-Canada ho tloha ka la 21 Phato ho fihlela la 2 Loetse, 1988, khilomitara e le 'ngoe ka bophirima ho motse o lahliloeng oa Elesitai le lik'hilomithara tse 23 ka bophirima ho toropo ea Tukemu (Lehoatata la Alashan, Sebakeng sa kahare sa Autonomous, China). Sebaka sena ke sa sebopeho sa geoloji ea Bain-Gobi.
Tlhaloso ho alshazaurus e fanoe ke setsebi sa limela sa Canada Dale Russell le molekane oa hae oa Machaena Dong Zhimin ka 1994. E phatlalalitsoe koranteng ea mahlale. Koranta ea Canada ea Saense ea Lefatše. Qalong ea sengoloa sena, re hlalositse lebitso la mofuta oa alshazaur. Mofuta oa lebitso la elesitaiensis o fanoa sebakeng sa bolulo sa Elesitai, haufi le moo ho fumanoeng dino ea meno.
Holotype, masala a motho e moholo ka ho fetisisa le ea felletseng, o fumane lebitso IVPP 88402a. E kenyelletsa lesapo la meno le letona le nang le meno a 'maloa, masapo a pelvis le maoto, likhopo le boholo ba lesapo la mokokotlo, ho kenyelletsa 5 sacral le 19 caudal vertebrae. Ntle le eona, mefuta e meng e mene ea li-alshazaurus e tsejoa: IVPP 88301, IVPP 88402b, IVPP 88501 le IVPP 88510. Ka kopanelo ba lumella ho qaqisoa phoofolo ka botlalo, ntle le kantle feela lehata.
Sebopeho sa mmele
Bolelele ba 'mele oa alshazaurus bo fihlile ho 3,8 metres. Bophahamo bo fihla ho 1,9 metres. O ne a le boima ba li-kilogram tse 380 (boima ba qoa e kholo).
Chainin ea Chaena e ile ea tsamaea ka maoto a mabeli, ea fihla ea ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5. Bophahamo ba letheka le hofihlella ho fihla ho 1.5 m. Foremimbs le tsona li ne li le telele haholo (hoo e ka bang 1 m). Li ile tsa fela ka menoana e meraro tse nang le mehatla e bohale e bohale. Lintlha tsena li bonts'a hore alshazaur o ne a sebelisa foreime ea hae kamehla. Li ka re thusa ho fumana lijo kapa tšireletso ho libatana. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, alshazaurus, joalo ka li-therizinosaurs tse ngata, e ne e sa khetholloe ka lebelo le ikhethang, leha e ne e le ea selefouno ho feta mongolo oa eona ea tummeng - therizinosaurus (Therizinosaurus).
Ka bomalimabe, lehata le ne le sa sireletsoa ka botlalo: ho tsebahala sekotoana sa mohlahare o tlase. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela taxa e haufi, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore e ne e le nyane, e tšesaane ebile e le telele. Meno a manyane a otlolohileng a alshazaurus a fuoa meqhaka e bopehileng joaloka makhasi. Mmele wa dinosaur tsa pele tsa Cretaceous o ne o le sebopeho ka moqomo mme o ne a se a qalile ho bapisoa le molala o motenya le hlooho e nyane.
Setaki sa Chaena Chaun Chun Tat se fana ka plumage e ngata haholo. Leha ho le joalo hobane boholo ba meetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea bonono e bonts'a alshazaur e nang le matsoho, matšoao a masiba ha a so ka a fumanoa. Leha ho le joalo, boteng ba beiposaosaur e joalo e haufi (Beipiaosaurus), le ea lulang Chaena, ehlile e fana ka boima bo eketsehileng phetolelong ena.
Ho fapana le li-therizinosa tsa pejana, alshazaurus e se e na le mohatla o khutšoane. Ka kakaretso, alshazavrid e ne e le thermosaurus e boholo bo mahareng.
Ka lebaka la hore o na le matšoao a "kalafi" ea pele le ea morao tsa Therizinosaurs, e le boemo bo mahareng, Dale Russell le Dong Zhiming ba ile ba mo beha lelapeng le arohaneng la alshazavrid. Ka kakaretso, hoa bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho sibolloa ha alshazaurus e ne e le tiiso ea bohlokoa ea hore li-Therizinosaurs li theohile ho tsoa ho li -ropods. Haholo-holo, lesapo la letsoho la khoeli le entsoe ka har'a li-dromaeosaurids, li-troodontids, li-oviraptorids esita le linonyana. Se fumanoeng hamorao sa falcarius (Falcarius) le beipaosaurus se tiisitse khopolo ena.
Alshazaurus skeleton
Setšoantšo se bonts'a pontšo ea mefuta ea Alxasaurus elesitaiensis e tsoang ho Royal Tyrrell Paleontological Museum (Drumler, Alberta, Canada).
Ka tlase ke pontšo e bonts'itsoeng ho Storium Museum (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada).
Genus: Alksazavr
Alksazavr - e 'ngoe ea li-dinosaurs tse sa tloaelehang, tse makatsang le tse ithutileng hanyane. Tsohle li qalile ka ho fumana ho sa tloaelehang hore li-paleontologists qalong li ne li fosahetse bakeng sa masapo a likolopata tse kholo.
Empa boholo ba masala ana a hasantsoeng a ne a sa utloisisehe ebile e le sephiri: hlooho e tšoanang le turtle, maoto le matsoho a malelele, mokokotlo, joalo ka khetla.
Ho ithuta ka botebo ka mesaletsa e sa ntse e kholisitse bo-ramahlale hore ba fumane mofuta oa likholumo-lumo tse sa tsejoeng ho fihlela ka nako eo. Kamora ho sibolloa China skeleton sa Alksazavr se neng se batla se bolokiloe ka botlalo, lipelaelo li ile tsa felisoa ka botlalo.
Phoofolo ena e makatsang e ile ea tsamaea ka maoto a mabeli a morao. Liphatla-pele tsa phatla li ne li e-na le matla a makatsang, joalo ka bopaki ba "callus" e kholo e neng e le phatleng. Ho latela litsebi, meno a Alksazavra a sebeletsa ho hlafuna lijo tsa semela. Matsoho a liphoofolo a hlometse meqhaka e melelele, eo ho neng ho ka bonahala eka ke batho ba jang libatana. Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba sebeletsa Alksazavru ho itšireletsa khahlanong le li-dinosaurs tse jang nama.
Har'a litsebi, ho ile ha tsoha ngangisano mabapi le hore na ke sehlopha sefe sa li-dinosaurs sereleli se sa tloaelehang? Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintlha tse ngata li tiisa hore ke tsa li-dinosaurs tsa limela tse tlisoang ke limela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le lipontšo tseo Alksazavra e ka hlahisoang ka tsona ho theropods. Ka hona, bafuputsi ba bang ba ile ba qala ho re mokholutsoane o makatsang ke lelapa la li-therizinosaurs, e leng khokahano e lipakeng tsa sauropods le theropods. Ho fihla joale, bo-ramahlale ha ba e-tla monahanong o tloaelehileng. Ho senola sephiri sa phoofolo e makatsang, litsebi li hloka ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ngata.
Ho ea ka bo-rasaense, ka nako eo, li-hamposaurs tse bopehileng joaloka likoena, likolopata, hammoho le li-psittacosaurs - li-dinosaurs tse nyane tsa limela tsa herbivorous, tseo ho tsona ho neng ho na le ba bangata haholo, ba neng ba lula haufi le Alksazavirs. Empa Alksazavr e ne e le phoofolo e makatsang, leha e le hantle e ikhethang ka botle. Matsoalo a malelele le a matla le mealo e bohale li ile tsa mo lumella ho hula makala a monate le a phetseng hantle le makhasi a ginkgo. Mesaletsa ea semela sena e fumanoe ho ba bangata Chaena, lilemo tsa bona li ka ba lilemo tse limilione tse 80. Ho makatsang ke hore ginkgo e ntse e phela naheng e ka boroa ho China. Tsena ke lifate tse ikhethileng, ke lilemo tse ts'oanang le li-dinosaurs. Ho ea ka bo-ramahlale, ke semela sena e ne e le lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa Alksasaurs. Le ha e le nakong ea liphooko tsena, li-ferns le limela tse kholo tse thunyang hohle li ne li hola hohle.
Phepo e nepahetseng le mokhoa oa bophelo
Ha a sheba ka sebopeho sa mohlahare le meno, li-alshazaurs li fepa haholo ka semela sa semela, leha ho le joalo ka mohopolo li ne li ka ja le liphoofolo tse nyane, tse kang amphibians, mekholutsoane le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Ho feta moo, li-invertebrates, mollusk kapa likokoanyana tse joalo, le tsona li ka kena lijong.
Ka bomalimabe, paleobiota ea sebopeho sa Bain-Gobi e ntse e sa ithutoe hantle. Ho fihla joale, ho ka hlokomeloa hore Alshazaurs e bapile le li-sauropods tse sa tsejoeng, li-ceratops le li -ropod. Ho li-depositi tse tšoanang, hasrosaurid penelopognathus (Penelopognathus), e hlalositsoeng ka 2005, le eona e tsejoa. Ho epolloa ho eketsehileng ho tla bontša hore na sera sa tlhaho sa alshazavr ke mang.
Alshazavrida ea China e ka phela bophelo ba boinotšing, 'me ea kenella ka lihlopha. Molemong oa batšehetsi ba mofuta oa morao-rao, ho na le liphihlelo tse kholo tsa falkaria, lingaka tsa pele tsa kalafo.
Sheba: Litsebi tsa kalafo
Masapo a ikhethang a li-dinosaur tsena a ne a tšoana le masapo a pelvic a li-dinosaurs tsa likhoho. 'Me maoto le liphaka li ne li ts'oana le maoto le manala a mofuta oa liphoofolo tse jang nama. Therizinosaurus e ne e na le torso e sephara le molala o molelele.
Liphoofolo li ne li phomola ha li ntse li tsamaea holim'a menoana e mene ea matsoho a ka morao, e neng e etsa hore e shebahale joaloka prosauropod. Ba ne ba bile ba nkoa e le ba amanang le prosauropod ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1990, ha Alxazaurus e fumanoa. Mesaletsa ea phoofolo ena e bolokiloe e le haufi le ho phethahala. Alksazavr e ne e shebahala joalo ka theropod, empa eseng joalo ka prosauropod. Mabapi le maemo ana, Litsebi tsa lihlahisoa tse maemong a saense ea sejoale-joale li thathamisitsoe e le li-theropods.
Leha ho le joalo, khokahano lipakeng tsa li-therizinosaurs le li-theropods tse ling ha e so thehiloe, hobane bo-rasaense ba fumane baemeli ba pele ba sehlopha, joalo ka beipaosaurus (ka 1999) le falkariya (ka 2005).
Alexazavar e ne e se kholo.
Bafuputsi ba hlalosang falkaria ba bolela hore ke mohato o mahareng lipakeng tsa li-theodods tse jang nama. Leha ho le joalo, hona joale, li-Therizinosaurs li nkuoa e le li-theropods. Lebokose la bona lehata le tšoana le lehata la sauropod ka sebopeho sa meno le mehlahare. Ho ka etsahala hore ebe liphoofolo tsena li ne li ata haholo.
Tšobotsi e tsotehang le e ikhethang ho Therizinosaurs ke mehatla e meholo liotleng tsa bona. Mefuteng e meng ea liphoofolo tsena, makukuno a tsona a ne a le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 90. Baoki ba ne ba khona ho otlollela libata tsa bona hole. Bokhoni bona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore liphoofolo tsena e ne e le limela tsa limela. Mokhoa oa ho fepa oa Therizinosaurus o ts'oana le oa sloth ea prehistoric: liphoofolo li ka sebelisa maoto a tsona a malelele le marapo a koetsoeng ka thata ho koba makala melomong ea tsona.
Ho ba teng ha masiba ho li-dinosaurs ho ntse ho baka likhohlano.
Ts'ebetsong ea ho ithuta masalla a beiposaosaur, ho ile ha fumanoa hore li-Therizinosaurs li koahetsoe ka sekhechana sa "fluff" ea khale. Ho ile ha fumanoa le mofu o mong oa khale oa pele ho Sinosauropteryx. Masiba a maholo le ona a ile a fumanoa. Liphoofolo li li bontšitse molemong oa ho hohela baemeli ba bong bo fapaneng kapa ho tšosa lira.
Therizinosaurs ke sehlopha se fapaneng haholo sa li-dinosaurs, ho kenyelletsa le li-beiposaosaurs tse peli (limithara tse 2,2) le li-therizinosaurs tse kholo, tseo baemeli ba tsona ba fihletseng bolelele ba limithara tse 10,5 mme li le boima ba lithane tse 6.2 mme e ne e le li-theropods tse kholo ka ho fetisisa.