Leoatle la Barents ke leoatle la Leoatle la Arctic, le hlatsoang mabopo a Russia le Norway. Sebaka sa eona se boholo ba lisekoere-mithara tse 1,500. km, 'me botebo bo phahameng ke limilimithara tse 600. Leoatle le bohlokoa haholo moruong - likou tsa Murmansk le Varde li teng mona, hammoho le libaka tse kholo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le libaka tsa polokelo ea hydrocarbon.
Litaba tsa bohlokoa tsa tikoloho
Mathata a Leoatle la Barents a amahanngoa le ho ntšoa ha lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho - litlhapi le oli. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea ho tšoasa litlhapi e kotsi sebakeng sa metsi, 'me poaching e ntse e atleha leoatleng. Ka lebaka la khokahano e kholo ea liminerale, nako le nako metsi a silafatsoa ke litšila tsa indasteri, tse lebisang lefung le leholo la bophelo ba metsing.
Litefiso tse phahameng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi
Leoatleng, makhala, cod, pollock le baahi ba bang ba maoatle, ho kenyelletsa maruarua, li entsoe. Ho tšoasa litlhapi tse matla ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha meru ea maruarua le li-flound, tuna, li-bass tsa leoatleng, le litekanyetso tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi li ntse li eketseha. Ka hona, ho latela Order of the Federal Fisheries Agency ka la 5 Hlakubele 2019 No. 655 lithane tsa halibut, lithane tse 5,22 tsa crab ea Kamchatka le lithane tse 11,855 tsa bass ea leoatleng, tse fetang lipalo tsa 2019. Leha ho le joalo, motho o lokela ho lefa lekhetho - ka lebaka la ho tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata tsa capelin le boemo bo futsanehileng ba baahi ba eona, ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa khoebo bakeng sa litlhapi ho thibetsoe.
Ka thoko, re ka qolla bothata ba ho ts'oasa liphoofolo, hape bo amahanngoa le ho tšoasa litlhapi ka bongata le ho tšoasa mefuta le makhoaba a bohlokoa. Bahlaseluoa ba masholu a marang-rang ke catfish, haddock, herring, halibut.
Ho ts'oaroa ha ho laoloe ebile ho lula ho le teng, e leng se lebisang ho feliseng phetisetso ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa. Moketjana oa lijo oa sotleha, mefuta-futa ea lihlahisoa ea senyeha.
Ts'ilafalo ea kantle ho naha
Sekhahla sa Russia sa Leoatle la Barents ke sona se hlahlojoang haholo bakeng sa li-hydrocarbons. Oli ea pele ea Arctic Prirazlomnoye e hlahisitsoe ka 2013. Haeba melao ea tlhahiso e tlotsoa, oli e oang leqhoeng kapa lebopong la leoatle e ka lula e le teng ka lilemo tse mashome. Maemo a tlase a mocheso a kena-kenana le ho nkeloa mehloli ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng, ka hona ho sebelisoa mosebetsi oa matsoho.
Le ha lintlafatso tse nyane li na le phello e mpe boemong ba leoatle, li senya puisano ea metsi a leoatle le sepakapaka, li fokotsa phepelo ea oksijene ea metsi le ho silafatsa masiba a leoatle.
Litsebi tsa tikoloho li loants'a bothata bona ka matla. Ho thata ho tlosa oli e tšolotsoeng Arctic, 'me hydrocarbons e bola butle butle. Oli e ka kena leqhoeng 'me ea lula ho eona. Tlhahiso ka boeona e rarahane 'me hangata e lebisa ho lutlang ha li-hydrocarbons tse tsoang masimong, ho theha phallo ea oli khorong ea metsi.
Phokotso ea litšila tsa likhoebo
Likhoebo le libaka tsa bolulo tse fumanehang mabopong a Leoatle la Barents li lahlela likhoere-khoere tse litšila metsing a lona a hlakileng. Kola Bay e ameha ka ho khetheha. Ntle le likhoebo, likepe tse fapaneng le tsona li lahla metsi a litšila. Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa tšilafalo ke likhoebo tsa Murmansk "Murmanskvodokanal", "Portmansk Sea Port" le "Murmansk Commerce Sea Port", hammoho le lits'ebeletso tsa metsi tsa Polyarny le Severomorsk.
Likhoebo tsa meepo le tsa tšepe tse Russia le Norway le tsona li kenya letsoho tšilafalo. Lifeme tsa setereke sa Pechenga li lahla litšila tsa metsi metsing a linoka tsa Pechenga le Patsoyoki, tse isang litšilafalo ka leoatleng. Basebetsi ba merafong ba Norway ba lahla litšila sebakeng se lebopong la leoatle, ho tloha moo lintho tse kotsi li kenang metsing a leoatle ka metsi a lefatše.
Bothata ba ho ts'oasa
Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba tikoloho sebakeng sena ke ho ts'oasa polao. Kaha bass ea leoatleng le herring, haddock le catfish, cod, flounder, halibut li fumanoa mona, ho tšoasa litlhapi khafetsa ho sa laoleheng. Batšoasi ba litlhapi ba felisa palo e kholo ea baahi, ba thibela tlhaho ho khutlisa lisebelisoa. Ka ho tšoasa mofuta o mong oa limela, mokelikeli oa lijo kaofela, ho fihlela libatana, o ka ameha. Ho loantša masholu, linaha tseo mabopo a tsona a hlatsoitsoeng ke Leoatle la Barents li fetisa melao ea ho otla likokoanyana. Litsebi tsa tikoloho li lumela hore ho hlokahala mehato e matla le e sehlōhō haholoanyane.
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Bothata ba tlhahiso ea oli
Leoatle la Barents le na le mehloli e meholo ea oli le khase ea tlhaho. Ho nts'oa ha tsona ho etsahala ka boiteko bo boholo, empa ha ho atlehe kamehla. E ka ba lutla tse peli tse nyane, le oli e qhalanela sebakeng se seholo sa metsi. Le sesebelisoa sa theknoloji e phahameng le se theko e phahameng ha se tiise tsela e sireletsehileng ea ho ntša oli.
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Mabapi le sena, ho na le mekhatlo e fapaneng ea litsebi tsa tikoloho eo litho tsa tsona li loanelang ka matla bothata ba ho qhalana ha oli le ho qhalana. Ha ho hlaha bothata bona, mafura a oli a lokela ho tlosoa kapele ho fokotsa tšenyo ea tlhaho.
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Bothata ba tšilafalo ea oli Leoatleng la Barents bo thatafatsoa ke taba ea hore ho thata ho tlosa oli sebakeng sa Arctic sa tikoloho. Ka lithemparetjha tse tlase, ntho ena e bola butle haholo. Leha ho na le ts'ebetso e hloekisitsoeng ka nako e loketseng, oli e kena leqebeng, kahoo ho batla ho le thata ho e felisa, ho hlokahala hore u emele hore glacer ena e qhibilihe.
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Leoatle la Barents ke tikoloho e ikhethileng ea tlhaho, lefatše le ikhethang le hlokang ho bolokoa le ho sireletsoa liphellong tse mpe tsa batho le ho ba kenella. Ha ho bapisoa le tšilafalo ea maoatle a mang, e sentse e le tlase. Leha ho le joalo, tšenyo e seng e entsoe ho mofuta oa sebaka sa metsi e tlameha ho felisoa.
Mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Barents
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- Imeile poso
Boemo ba leholimo ba Leoatle la Barents bo nkoa bo le thata. E fetoha bakeng sa karolo e kholo, ka lebaka la lintlha tse latelang tse latelang: ho its'etleha holima bophahamo ba tlhaho, ho potoloha ha sepakapaka, ho potoloha ha karolo ea metsi, boemo bo akaretsang ba lefatše la leoatle, bohole bo tsoang kontinenteng, litšobotsi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thermophysical.
Nako e telele e ntlafalitsoeng ea mohatsela oa mocheso oa khoeli le khoeli ka nako ea mariha ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa ho Hlakubele e nkoa e le boemo ba leholimo ba sepakapaka. Le bakeng sa Leoatle la Barents hape. Meetso e joalo ea maemo a mocheso ke mokhoa oa mariha a futhumetseng, ha keketseho ea mocheso oa moea ka khoeli e le 'ngoe ea mariha e beiloe leihlo ha e bapisoa le e haufi. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, ho pheta-pheta ha khutso ea futhumala ka khoeli e fanoeng ha ho lule ho lula ho le joalo, empa liphetoho.
Ha se litsebi tsa tikoloho feela tse bitsang Leoatle la Barents le ikhethileng. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea maoatle a hloekileng ka ho fetisisa a hlatsoang Europe. Ka moo ho ka khonehang, tikoloho ea eona e hanne ho hlekefetsoa ha motho le mesebetsi ea hae, e thibela mathata a tikoloho hore a se ke a hlaha, ho hlakile hore ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e ileng ea qobella batho ho senya lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le ho feta mme ba ba le tšusumetso e mpe.
E 'ngoe ea mathata a tikoloho ea Leoatle la Barents ke ho ts'oasa liphoofolo. E, batšoasi ba litlhapi ka nako ea joale ha ba tšoane le pele, mme mekhoa ea bona e kotsi litsing tsa tikoloho. Ho ea ka pono ea tikoloho, li mpe, li senya ebile li khopo. Ba senya lihlahisoa tsa lihlapi, ba sa lumelle ho fola. Ka linako tse ling sena se beha polokeho ea lijo kaofela. Russia le Norway li amohela melao ea mefuta eohle ho lokisa boemo, 'me ho bonahala eka e fumana litholoana tse ntle, empa bothata bo bong bo nkeloa sebaka ke bo bong hape bo tebileng haholo.
Ho ile ha fumaneha hore tlhaho ka boeona e hohela batho ka matlotlo a eona mme ha e e etse ntle le litlamorao tsa tikoloho. Leoatle la Barents le ile la e-ba le moruo o mongata oa likhase le lioli. Ho ntšoa le ho tsamaisoa ha "khauta e ntšo" ho tloha botebong ba leoatle hangata ha ho na litholoana. Oli ke bothata bo ka sehloohong tikolohong Leoatleng la Barents. Litsebi tsa tikoloho li etela lihlekehleke le lihlekehleke tse haufi le moo "khauta e ntšo" e ntseng e chekoa kapa e reriloe.
Basebetsi ba Letlole la liphoofolo tse hlaha la Norway ba lokisetsa baithaopi ho sebetsana le litšila tsa oli, ntle le pelaelo tse tla tsamaisana le potoloho eohle ea mosebetsi. Mehloli ea oli e shebahala e le mpe. Bane ba hloka hora kapa tse peli ho hlakola sebaka sa mithara se le seng.
Ho tloha ka 1987, ho bile le likotsi tse fetang tse likete tse peli le tšilafalo ea tšilafalo metsing a Norway, nakong eo ka nako e fetang lithane tse likete tse 'ne le halofo tsa sehlahisoa sena sa tlhaho li ileng tsa akheloa ka leoatleng. Bongata bo bongata bo felisitsoe ntle le ho senya tikoloho, empa ho Arctic, kotsi e ntse e eketseha. Ha ho bata, oli e bola butle haholo. Bacteria le likokoana-hloko tse e ntšang mochesong o futhumetseng ha li thusa mona.
Ho hloekisa ka tloaelo ho a thusa kamehla, empa ka lebaka la leqhoa, ho thata ho fihlella sebaka sa litšila. Ka linako tse ling oli e kenella ka ho toba leqheng kapa e phalla ka tlas'a eona. Maemong a joalo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho e fihlela ho fihlela leqhoa le qhibilihile. Ho ka feta likhoeli tse ngata, hobane leoatle le potileng Svalbard, hoo e batlang e le mariha kaofela le tlas'a leqhoa. Karolo e ka boroa ea Leoatle la Barents bonyane ha e na leqhoa selemo ho pota, 'me ka leboea, moea oa mariha, mariha a batang le a mariha a lefifi a etsa hore ho be thata ho sebetsa.
Bothata hape ke hore ha oli e fihla lebopong, e tla bokellana tlasa lejoe le leng le le leng. Haeba tšilafalo e kholo e etsahala, joale ho e felisa batho ba makholo ba tla tlameha ho sebetsa lilemo tse mashome a mabeli kapa mashome a mararo, haeba ho joalo ho ka etsahala ho hang.
Leoatle la Barents ke se seng sa libaka tsa ho qetela tse setseng lefatšeng tse nang le ponahalo ea tlhaho ea tlhaho. Letlole la Machabeng la Ts'ireletso ea Tlhaho, le tšaba hore ho ntšoa le ho tsamaisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa oli le khase ho tla mo ntša kotsi. Liketekete tsa liphoofolo li ka ameha ha ho na le koluoa e kholo ea tikoloho, mme sebaka seo se tla ba se sa sebetseng nako e telele. Leoatle la Barents ke sebaka se setle. E na le e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea litlhapi e lula mona, likolone tse kholo tsa linonyana, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse metsing ka mefuta eohle ea tsona. Ha rea lokela ho lumella tlhahiso ea oli ho e senya kaofela.
Ho mathata ohle a tikoloho a seng a boletsoe, ho lutla ha oli ho nkoa e le ntho e bolaeang Leoatle la Barents ka ho fetisisa. Likotsi li etsahala literonkong le liphaepeng tsa oli nakong ea tlhahiso le lipalangoang. Haeba sebaka sena se bohlokoa moruong, ha ho na moo re lokelang ho lebala ka tikoloho ea tikoloho ena e ntle.
