Bo-rasaense ba a tiisa khopolo eo "Monkey HIV" ka tšoaetsa batho. Sehlopha sena sa ts'oaetso se kenyelletsa "progenitor" ea HIV-1 M, mofuta oa vaerase e ikarabellang bakeng sa seoa sa AIDS.

Bo-rasaense ba a tiisa khopolo eo "Monkey HIV" ka tšoaetsa batho. Sehlopha sena sa tšoaetso ea kenyeletsang "moholo-holo" ba HIV-1 M, mofuta oa kokoana-hloko hore ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa seoa sa AIDS.

Mosebetsi ona o ile oa etsoa ke litsebi tsa baeloji ho tsoa Univesithing ea Nebraska-Lincoln mme sengoloa se nang le liphetho tsa sona sa phatlalatsoa ho Journal of Virology. Ba bontša hore mefuta ea VIO (Monkey immunodeficiency kokoana-hloko) ka tšoaetsa lisele tse batho.

Lichimpanzi ka tšoaetsa batho ba ena le HIV.

Liteko li entsoe, ehlile, eseng ho batho, empa litoeba tsa laboratori, tseo pele li neng li kenya likarolo tsa lisele tsa motho. Ho phaella moo, thibela lisele tse ba ne ba hlahiswa ka 'mele ea bona, e leng ile a lumella ho thehoe lymphocytes ea sesole sa' mele oa motho. Ka nako eo, lihlopha le batho ka bomong ea litoeba li ne li le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko tse 'nè tsa Monkey immunodeficiency virus, ho akarelletsa le baholo-holo ba HIV-1 M le HIV subtype ha li hasa molaetsa feela Cameroon. Likarolo tse peli tse setseng e ne e le litšoene 'me ha lia ka tsa hlaha bathong.

Bafuputsi ba fumane hore HIV selelekela likokoana-hloko hore li ne li kenyelletsoa litoeba nang le tšoaetso ka lebelo le ho feta habonolo ho feta ba hore le tšoaetso litšoene feela. Ho ea ka bo-rasaense, ena ke e loketseng ho se tšoane kgolo liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka hona, sena se ama le monyetla oa phetiso ea vaerase ho tsoa ho lichimpanzi ho batho. Ho phaella moo, bopaki bo e se e fumane hore Monkey immunodeficiency kokoana-hloko ka mutate ha e kena lisele tse batho ho hlōla itšireletsa.

Hona joale e ile a hlokomela hore HIV Eitse ka lebaka la phetiso ho batho le lichimpanzi tse hlaha. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa laboratori tse neng li ka tiisa ka kotloloho hore tšoaetso ea vaerase ea emulsion ea vaerase le tšoaetso ea lisele tsa motho e ntse e sa khonehe. lekhalo ena e hona joale e tletse.

Hellhounds

Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore li hlahisitse livaerase tsa baholo-holo ba litoeba tse nang le tšoaetso ea HIV habonolo le kapele ho feta tsa kamehla tse tšoaelitseng litšoene. Bafuputsi ba bolela sena ha e le hantle hore pele e neng e ke e fapaneng haholo le ea bobeli liphatsa tsa lefutso. Sena, le eena, e ama monyetla oa phetiso ea kokoana-hloko ea ho tloha lichimpanzi ho batho. Ho boetse ho fumanoe hore li-SIV li khona ho fetoha ha li kena ka har'a lisele tsa batho ho hlola ts'ireletso.

E a hlokomela hore HIV hlaha nakong phetiso ea tšoaetso ho tloha lichimpanzi tse hlaha ho batho. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale ho 'nile ha lithuto tsa laboratori ea hore ka ho toba o ile a tiisa hore Monkey immunodeficiency likokoana-hloko li nang le bokhoni ea phetiso interspecific le tshwaetso ea lisele tsa botho.

2. Zooanthroponoses

2.1. lefuba - E 'ngoe ea mafu a kotsi a litšoene. mefuta eohle ea litšoene ka tlaase le e phahameng di bonolo hore lefuba.

Bohlokoa nahanela e hlokometse ka lichimpanzi, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea macaques. Mefuta e fapaneng ea litšoene, litšoene, litšoene tse khubelu ha e bonolo habonolo. E batlang e manganga litšoene tsa World New. Ka vivo, le litšoene, kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, ha fumana a kula a tšoeroe ke lefuba.

Ts'oaetso ea litšoene maemong a mangata e etsahala ka tsela ea aero native (hoo e ka bang 60%) mme hangata ha e tsamaee ka tsela e kenang (e ka bang 40%).

Mohloli oa tshwaetso ya litšoene oa kula batho, liphoofolo le linonyana. Phetiso lintlha ka kenyeletsa lijo tse nang le tšoaetso (lebese).

Hangata, lefu la monkey le bakoa ke Mycobacterium lefuba ssp. hominis, hangata hangata - Mycobacterium lefuba ssp. bovis. Boloetse bo bakoang ke Mycobacterium lefuba ssp. aviume fumaneha seoelo. Ka linako tse ling Monkey lefuba le ka boela ile a etsa hore ke mycobacteria atypical (M. intracellulare, M. kansassii le jj.).

The liponahatso tsa tleleniki ea lefu bakuli Monkey le lefuba ka 'na ba unexpressed. Ntle, liphoofolo sheba ka bophelo bo botle, ba lahleheloe boima ba banyenyane, 'me feela ka hlokomela hloko ka u hlokometse ea fokotseha hanyenyane mosebetsing, blanching tsa letlalo' me ka linako tse ling ho khohlela. Khafetsa, lefu le se nang tlhahlobo e khethehileng (tlhahlobo ea tuberculin, lithuto tsa 'mele le tsa radiology) li lula li sa lemohuoe ho fihlela lefung la tšohanyetso la phoofolo, leo ho lona motho a fumaneng ts'ebetso ea setho sa marang-rang a fumane ts'ebetso e akaretsang e nang le liso tse khethehileng tsa litho tsohle.

liphoofolo tse kulang eachother le kotsi e khōlō ea ho litšoene ka bophelo bo botle, haholo-holo ba ka tlung, moo tšoaetso e habonolo haholo jala ke tsela aerogenous le ka koahela le baahi bohle.

liphoofolo tse kulang e le mehloli ea tshwaetso na tlase kotsi bakeng sa batho ba ho sebetsa le litšoene. Ka hona, ho tsebahatsoa ka hloko ea liphoofolo tse kulang le tse nang le ts'oaetso ho sebelisa mehlala e khethehileng ea lefuba ke mokhoa oa ho thibela ho ata ha lefuba ho litšoene le batho. Kula le ho pheta-pheta ka sebele itšoara ho tuberculin litšoene li bolaoa.

2.2. Salmonellosis - An hlobaetsang mafu a tšoaetsanoang tsa batho le liphoofolo, ho atile lefatšeng lohle 'me le bakoang ke Salmonella serovars tse ngata. Ho fihlela joale, mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse fetang 2500 tsa salmonella li tsejoa, a fapaneng ka thepa skeletal, antigenic sebopeho le pathogenicity. Salmonella typhoid fever, paratyphoid A, B, C ke likokoana-hloko tsa tšoaetso ea anthroponous. The mefuta e setseng di classified e le mafu a polypathogenic le sesosa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya liphoofolo tse ruuoang le tse hlaha, linonyana le batho.

Hoo e ka bang tsohle mefuta ya African, Asia le Amerika Boroa litšoene le bothata ba ho salmonellosis ka lebaka la ho salmonella polypathogenic. Maloetse a sporadic le ho phatloha ha epizootic li hlaha liphoofolong tse sa tsoa tsoa naheng ho tsoa libakeng tsa tlholeho, le ho ba ahileng libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo. Fetang 50 variants serological ea salmonella ne thōko ho tloha litšoene ka linaheng tse sa tšoaneng. Leha ho le joalo ho fetisisa ka tloaelo fumanoe S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. stenley, S. cholerae suis.

Mehloli ea tshwaetso ya litšoene tse liphoofolo tse kulang 'me libaktheria li bajari - litšoene, litoeba tse hlaha, linonyana. Ka ho ata ha tšoaetso, le tsela phepo e nepahetseng ea tšoaetso e le ea bohlokoa haholo - ka lijo nang le tšoaetso le metsi.

Mefuta ea bongaka ea lefu lena e fapane. Lefu lena le ka etsahala haholo kapa qhoaetsoe foromo, kapa ka mokgwa wa kariki asymptomatic. Hangata ho ke enteric kapa enterocolitic mofuta o mong oa lefu, e ka tlaase ho moo ka tloaelo feberu ea mala-joaloka. Maemo a lefu lena a hlalosoa a hopotsa kankere ea tlhaho ea lijo tse tsoang ho batho, e bonahatsoang ka ho hlatsa khafetsa ka lets'ollo le fetisang. Ka mefuta enteric le enterocolitic, ka sehloohong ea tleleniki liponahatso tse khafetsa metsi litulo ntle litšila pathological, exicosis matla, hypothermia. Kula liphoofolo tse ntle tlhokomelo ya diphoofolo le ka shoa ka mor'a matsatsi a 1 to 5 ho tloha qala ho ea lefu lena. Mofuta oa typhoid kapa o akaretsang o tšoana hantle le feberu ea typhoid ea motho, hangata e tsamaisoa ke bacteremia, feberu e nang le mocheso oa 'mele o fihlang ho 400 ° C le ka holimo. A complication le tloaelehileng la salmonellosis e itseng pneumonia. Salmonellosis ke tshwaetso a hlobaetsang le, empa maemong a mang ho nka tsela e bo tsoelang pele, a tsamaea le ho se tsitse ha ba setuloana sa. Liphoofolo tse ngata li nts'etsapele libaktheria tsa asymptomatic, ho nka lilemo tse 7 ho isa ho tse 10.

liphetoho Pathomorphological mefuta enteric le enterocolitic ba tšoauoa ka ho atolosoa ha mala le intestine nyenyane, tlatsa ba le litaba tse ka hare botala le monko o putrid. The mucosa ba intestine tse nyenyane hangata ho ruruha, hyperemic, hemorrhages sa reng letho, 'me hyperplasia ea follicles lymphatic ikemiselitse. Liphetoho mokhoeng oa ka mpeng ho tloha ho ruruhang ho ea tlaase ho ea ho lefu le matla la ho kenella ka hare. Maemong a mang, khoholeho ea mobu le liso tsa ka maleng tse thehoa. Mefuta generalized, ho na le hyperplasia ea sebete, spleen le lisele tsa mmele nodes, eo ho eona granulomas macrophage ka theha.

Tlhahlobo ea lefu lena e ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea bongaka le lefu la mafu a lefutso le mekhoa ea lipatlisiso tsa laboratori. The ho etsa lipatlisiso mokhoa bacteriological ke ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha. Ho lemoha salmonella, mantle, mahlatseng, moroto, mali a hlahloba, 'me ka ho liphoofolo tse shoeleng, parenchymal makala le lisele tsa mmele nodes ba boetse ba hlahloba. Lijalo li hlahisoa ho mecha ea litaba e khethollang le e khethollang (Ploskireva, bismuth-sulfite agar, Endo, bile le selenite broths). mekhoa Serological ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa: lithuto tsa di behuwe ka bobedi Sera ka RA, Riga. Ho lemoha salmonella antigens ka coprofiltrates, e coagglutination karabelong e sebediswa. Ho fumanoa esale pele bakeng sa boteng ba Salmonella DNA ho etsoa ke PCR.

Maloetseng ka salmonellosis ke antibacterial, mofuta-itseng le hanyenyane sithabetse. mafu a pheta ka etsahala likhoeli tse 6 ho ea ho 8 mora tshwaetso e ka lekhetlo la pele.

Mekhoa ea ho phekola tšoaetso ea salmonella ha e tšoane le kalafo ea shigellosis. Bakuli ba mefuta e leka-lekaneng le e mpe ea 'salmonellosis ke e balletsweng ke lithibela-mafu le ho mo phekola ka lik'hemik'hale hammoho le lithethefatsi bontshang matshwao, meriana pelo le divithamini.

Litšoene (kulang le asymptomatic bajari), tšoaetsa tikoloho le mantle, ka tlōlo ea bohloeki-bohloeki puso ea mosebetsi, ka habonolo basebetsi tšebeletso tsoaetsa. Mehato ea thibelo e tšoana le shigellosis le mafu a mang a ka mpeng.

2.3. Yersiniosis amanang le zoonoses ea tlhaho-anthropological e nang le mochine oa phetisetso ea molomo oa fecal-molomo. The mahlahana causative ya lefu lena le ke Yersinia enterocolitica le Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Yersinia le tšoaetso ea epizootic li tsejoa ka mefuta e 'maloa dozen ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse hlaha le tse ruuoang le linonyana. The pokello e khōlō ea likokoana-hloko tsa tlhaho ke litoeba tse nyenyane. Spheraneous yersiniosis e hlalositsoeng mefuteng e fapaneng ea litšoene tsa Old and New Worlds: anthropoids, macaques, monkey, litšoene tse tala, litšoene tse khubelu, marmosets le saimeri. Litšoene tsa lihlopha tsohle lilemo, ho tloha masea ho ba baholo, ba bonolo hore tshwaetso. Ho ea ka Sukhumi le Adler jaloang, litšoene tse khubelu le litšoene tala nahanela ho fetisisa ho yersiniosis. Boloetse hangata bo hlaha ka nako ea hoetla-mariha le nakong ea selemo.

Ea bongaka, yersiniosis hlaha ka mefuta e 'meli: mala le generalized. Ka ba bang ba litšoene, e asymptomatic tsela ea tshwaetso ho ka etsahala le excretion ea pathogen le mantle. Sebopeho sa mala se na le tšoaetso ea tšoaetso e bakoang ke Y. enterocoliticageneralized - hangata e develops le tshwaetso Y. pseudotuberculosis. Ka mokgwa wa mala, lefu le hlaha e le tsoana le tšoaetso ea nang le chefo e, kapa letšollo (khafetsa hlephileng litulo, ka linako tse ling le mucus le mali). Foromo generalized e tšoauoa ka ho tlōla boemo ba kakaretso, ho hana lijo, 'me liketsahalo ka linako tse ling dyspeptic. Ho na le lekhopho le phunyeletsang letlalong; litšoene tse ling li ba le makhopho. tšehali mokhachane a ka ba le ho ntšoa ha limpa le stillbirths. liphetoho Pathomorphological ba localized haholo-holo ka litho tsa ka mpeng. Mefuta ea Catarrhal le ulcerative ea colitis le enterocolitis e nang le liso sebakeng sa libaka tsa peyer le li-follicles tse ikemetseng li hlokomelehile. Ho na le haholo hyperplasia tsa mesenteric nodes lisele tsa mmele, haholo-holo sebakeng ileocecal. Le mofuta o generalized, ho phaella ho liphetoho tsena ka sebete le spleen, multiple foci ea necrosis li fumanoa, litsing seo ka sona ho na le palo e khōlō ea libaktheria hore foromo likolone. Likokoana-hloko li qheleloa ka thōko hoo e batlang e le litho tsohle tsa parenchymal, li-lymph node, mali, bile, mkojo le mala.

Intravital tlelenike phumano ya lefu lena le ke ho le thata ka lebaka la ho haella ha liponahatso itseng. tepelletse maikutlong laboratori ea e etsoang ke PCR. Phekolo ha e-so ka e etsoa, ​​empa ka ho bapisoa le lefu la motho, tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu le litlhare tse sebelisang kalafo ea kalafo li ka khothaletsoa. thibelo lefu e thehiloe boitšoaro ba mehato deratization le ho boloka ya Melao ea bohloeki-bohloeki.

Yersiniosis bua ka tšoaetsoa mafu tse kotsi bakeng sa batho ba ho sebetsa le liphoofolo kula, kaha likokoana-hloko tse excreted ka mantle le moroto. Leha ho le joalo, linyeoe tsa lefu lena hara batho ba sebetsang le litšoene ha li e-so hlalosoe.

2,4. Campylobacteriosis atile har'a batho le mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tsa polasing, linonyana, litoeba. Mohloli oa tshwaetso ke liphoofolo tse kulang 'me ka bophelo bo botle bajari, hammoho le lijo le metsi silafalitsoe ke mantle nang le tšoaetso. Campylobacter (Campylobacter) Ho matleng a microaerophiles tsa mefuta e meraro - C. coli, C. fetus me haholo-holo S. jejuni. Campylobacter (hangata hangata S. jejuni) Di excreted tloha mantle ea litšoene ba nang le letšollo (macaques, litšoene, litšoene tse khubelu, litšoene, saimeri). Litšoene, haholo-holo bacha, li tsotella haholo Campylobacter. Mohlomong u ka asymptomatic baktheria kariki, ka linako tse ling fihla 15 - 20% liphoofolo bophelo bo botle ka jaloang.

Ea bongaka, le maloetse develops hangata liphoofolo ba banyenyane le ba o tšoauoa ka e hlobaetsang qala, ka linako tse ling le feberu, bloating le metsi letšollo. Nako ea lefu lena ke matsatsi a 7 ho isa ho a 21. Boitshireletso litšoene kula hangata ka ho fetisisa. Lefu lena le e matla a bile a sa kalafo ho ka etsa hore lefu. Autopsy e senola catarrhal kapa, khafetsa, ho ruruha ha catarrhal-hemorrhagic ea mala a manyane le a maholo (ka tlase hangata, mpa) e nang le ntlha kapa fusion hemorrhages. Tlase ka tloaelo, ho ruruha ha feela intestine nyane se hlahile.

Lithibela-mafu le phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho tsoara campylobacteriosis. Furazolidone, erythromycin le chloramphenicol li sebetsa haholo. litholoana tse molemo li fana ka phekolo dehydration.

Maemo a ho ba le tshwaetso ya le batho ba tsoang litšoene ha bo hlalosoe. Leha ho le joalo, re lokela ho hopola hore maemong a tlolo ea molao oa bohloeki oa bohloeki oa mosebetsi, monyetla oa ts'oaetso ea basebetsi ha o qheleloe ka thoko.

2,5. Helicobacteriosis. Ha ho na tlhahisoleseling ka tšoaetso ea litšoene libakeng tsa tsona tsa tlhaho. Ho tloha ka bohareng ba bo 90s ea lekholong la lilemo la XX. melaetsa bonoa hlaha Helicobacter pilory ka mpeng le duodenum tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litšoene (litšoene rhesus, litšoene cynomolgus, lapunders macaque, litšoene, Amerika Boroa marmosets) phelang le botlamuoeng. Tshwaetso e tsamaea le seroconversion. Keketseho ea khafetsa ea ts'oaetso, le keketseho ea li-antibody titer ka lilemo. Kamano ea sa foleng ulcerative colitis le tshwaetso e hlalosoa. H. pilory marmoset S. oedipus, Liponahatso tsa tleleniki ea tse tšoauoa ka letšollo, boima ba 'mele, spotting tloha rectum ena. Tlhahlobo ea liphoofolo ka mora lefu la litšoene (litšoelesa tsa rhesus le litšoene tsa cynomolgus) tse shoeleng ka lebaka la ts'oaetso ea mala tse amanang le mpeng, methapo ea methapo e fumaneha ka mpeng ea mpa ea mpa ka PCR H. pilory. Morphologically, diso gastric tsamaisana catarrhal le mefuta erosive la ho ruruha ka antrum la mpeng.

Li-antibiotic le chemotherapeutic agents (furazolidone, erythromycin le levomecithin) li sebelisetsoa ho phekola Helicobacteriosis.

Ha ho na tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le monyetla oa ho tšoaetsa batho ba tsoang litšoene.

2,6. Leptospirosis - tsa tlhaho tsepamiso anthropurgic tshwaetso ya batho le liphoofolo. Pathogen - Leptospira lelapa Spirochetaceae. Mofuta o na le mofuta o le mong oa pathogenic L. interroganse arotsoe ka li-serogroups tse 18 le li-serovars tse ngata.

Maloetse a itlhahelang feela a hlalosoa ka har'a macaques, mena, litšoene tse tala, anthropoids ea lilemo tsohle. Leptospira ea lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa serological e ne e arotsoe ho litšoene.

Mobu oa ts'oaetso ho ts'oaetso ea tlhaho ke mefuta e fapaneng ea litoeba, mehlape, lintja. Tšoaetso e etsahala ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, esita le ka letlalo le senyehileng la mucous. Litšoene li tsoaetsoa habonolo. Maemong a lefu la seoa, litšoene tse nang le mofuta o sa lebelloang oa leptospirosis li kotsi haholo.

Maemo a tloaelehileng a leptospirosis ho litšoene a bontšoa ke boemo ba letlalo le lipalo tsa mucous, boemo bo sa tsejoeng ka linako tse ling, ka linako tse ling ho hlatsa, matšoao a dyspeptic, ponahalo ea ho ruruha letlalong, ho potlakisa ESR, le leukocytosis ka phetoho ea leqele. Likokoana-hloko li ka arohanngoa le mali le moroto, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea setopo ka mor'a sebete le liphio. Autopsy e senoletse boteng ba letlalo le membrane ea mucous, hemorrhagic diathesis (hangata khafetsa matšoafong le lipelong). Ho sibolloa lintho tse ngata tse amanang le necrosis ka har'a sebete. Leha ho le joalo, hangata litšoene li na le mefuta e sa rateheng ea ts'oaetso, joalo ka ha ho bonahala tsonong ea mali ea litšoene tse phetseng hantle tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-antibodies ho mefuta e meng ea serpt ea leptospira. Ho ea ka setsebi sa Adler, li-antibodies tse litemeng tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu ho L. pomona, L. icterohaemorragica, L. grippotyphosa, L. tarassovi, L. canicola, L. hebdomatis, L. sejroe li fumanoe ka macaques a phetseng hantle, litšoene tse tala, litšoene tsa hamadril le litšoene tsa anubis tse lulang litsing tse katiloeng.

Lefu la tsoekere le thehiloe ho khethollotsoeng ha leptospira maling, mokokotlo oa moroto, hammoho le boikemisetso ba boemo ba li-antibodies tse ikhethang seraleng se nang le marapo. Mokhoa oa PCR o tebile haholo. Bakeng sa kalafo, ho sebelisoa meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko tse pharaletseng.

Ho thibela tšoaetso, mehloli ea metsi le phepelo li sirelelitsoe, hammoho le mehato ea ho tlosa metsi. Ho na le monyetla oa hore batho ba tšoaetsoe ke leptospirosis ka melomo kapa letlalo le senyehileng.

2.7. Tšoaetso ea Mycoplasma. Li-causative agents tsa mycoplasmosis ke tsa sehlopha Molodi lelapa Mycoplasmataceae. Ho fihla joale, mefuta e fetang 120 ea mycoplasmas e tsejoa. Tšoaetso ea Mycoplasma e atile har'a batho, mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo, linonyana le limela. Ho tsoa ho litšoene tsa mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha liphoofolong tsa ho phefumoloha, urogenital le mala, mefuta e fapaneng ea mycoplasmas, acholeplasma, ureaplasmas e ne e qheletsoe ka thoko. Hangata mokokotlo oa mycoplasmas ho litšoene ke asymptomatic. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bopaki ba kamano ea maloetse a 'maloa le mycoplasmas. Thutong ea bana ea Sukhumi, lipatlisiso tsa sera tse fetang tse 1000 ho tsoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea litšoene li bontsitse boteng ba li-antibodies tse ikhethang ho 43,6% ea liphoofolo. Liperesente tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa ho jara li-antibodies li ikemiselitse M. Fermentas (14.4%). Li-antibodies ho M. pneumoniae e fumaneha ho 9,5% ea litšoene. Ho tsoa ho litšoene tse nang le pneumonia e ikhethileng e abeloang M. pneumoniae, e bonts'ang kamano ea likokoana-hloko ea pathogen le pneumonia ea "litšoene" ea "interstitial". Ho boetse ho na le bopaki ba mokhatlo oa ureaplasmas U. urealiticum, M. hominis ka lefu la methapo ea liphoofolo ea urogenital. Ho khahlisang le ho feta ke ho atoloha ha li-acholeplasm ho litšoene tsa jade. Bareki ba mycoplasma, bo hlahisoang khahlanong le semelo sa immunosuppression, bo ka thatafatsa nako ea ts'ebetso e kholo e bakiloeng ke likokoana-hloko tse ling. Boloetse bo ipapisitse le datha tse tsoang ho li-bacteriological, serological, PCR - le lithuto tsa immunomorphological. Bakeng sa kalafo ea mycoplasmosis, lithibela-mafu tsa tetracycline li sebelisoa.

Litaba tsa ts'oaetso ea batho ba amanang le litšoene, bakuli kapa bakuli ba mycoplasmas ha li hlalosoe.

2.8. Chlamydia - sehlopha sa ts'oaetso e amanang le ts'oaetso ea tlhaho ea anthroponous le zoonotic, e amang mefuta e fetang 200 ea liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng, litlhapi, amphibians, arthropods. Lisosa tsa chlamydia ke tsa lelapa Chlamydiaceae - itlama, libaktheria tse seng ntle le gram tse nang le potoloho e rarahaneng ea ntlafatso. Lelapa Chlamydiaceae arotsoe ka bobeli genera: Chlamydia le Chlamydophila. Anthroponic chlamydia e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea serological Chlamydia pneumonia, Chlamydia trachomatis le Chlamydophila pneumoniae amanang le batho ba nang le trachoma, urogenital pathology le pneumonia. Ha ho na tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ts'oaetso ea tlhaho ea litšoene tsa chlamydia libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho. Tlhahisoleseling ea pele mabapi le kabo ea tlhaho ea chlamydia har'a litšoene tsa mefuta e fapaneng - li-macaques, litšoene, - makhopho - e fumanoe Setsing sa Lipatlisiso sa Medical Primatology ha ho ne ho hlahlojoa matlapa a urogenital a mefuta ena ea litšoene. Ha o sebelisa mekhoa ea PCR, serological le immunomorphological, ho ile ha thehoa frequency e phahameng ea ho lemoha Chlamydia trachomatis ho liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle ka bophelo bo botle, kamano ea tsona ea methapo le ts'oaetso ea urogenital, ho hloka thari, lefu la ho ima le ho pepa, le mathata a morao-rao a morao-rao a bontšoa. Litlhahlobo tsa PCR li hloka ho hlakeloa. Psychology e hlahang ho litšoene e pheta lipontšo tsa klamydia bathong. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, e ikhethile ho litšoene Chlamydianyomonea, mohokahanyi oa pneumonia, ho e-na le karolo ea bohloeki ea kokoana-hloko ena e thehiloe pneumonia ea monkey.

Bakeng sa kalafo ea chlamydia, ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu tse pharaletseng.

E shebahala joang

Kholo ea chimpanzee e fihla ho 1,3-1.7 metres. Hlooho e ea holimo. Mmele o sephara, o entsoe ka moqomo, matsoho a oela ka tlas'a mangole. Maotong - monoana o arohana le tse ling ke karolo ea phomolo, 'me lera le hokahanyang menoana ea letsoho le fihla ho 0.5 ea lenonyeletso la pele,' me ka linako tse ling le fihla pheletsong. Nail e na le 'mala oa sefahleho ebile e lefifi ka' mala. Nko e sephara 'me leqhubu la nko le tsoa hanyane. Auricle ntle le lobe. Molomo o kaholimo o molelele, o boreleli. Methapo e ka tlase e tsoa holimo, kahoo melomo e ka ba telele haholo.

Moriri oa Chimpanzee o molelele ka morao hloohong, marama, mahetla, mokokotlo le 'mala o moputsoa, ​​empa o na le' mala o sootho, haholo ha a tsofetse, hlooho e aroloa hloohong. Letlalo le na le 'mala. Marama a boreleli, a 'mala o litšila,' me hangata o sootho botsofaling. Litsebe le letlalo la maoto le matsoho le tsona hangata li fifala le botsofali.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Lichimpanzi li ja haholo lijong tsa limela (makhasi, letlobo le lenyenyane la lifate, litholoana, lipeo le linate), empa ka linako tse ling li ja likokoanyana le li-vertebrates tse nyane. Ho na le maemo ha lichimpanzi li hlasela mefuta e meng ea litšoene, li li khaola le ho li qeta, empa boitšoaro bo joalo har'a baemeli ba mofuta ona ha bo fumanehe hangata.

Kotsi.

Ka kakaretso, lichimpanzi ke liphoofolo tsa sechaba. Ba lula mehlapeng e meholo e tsamaisoang ke moetapele oa monna. Setho se seng le se seng sa mohlape ka kotloloho se “tseba sebaka sa hae” 'me se ikokobelletsa moetapele kapa banna ba baholo, ba nang le boiphihlelo ba matla le ba matla. Ka linako tse ling banna ba lichimpanzi li ba mabifi haholo ho basali, esita le tse lulang le bona mohlapeng o le mong. Chimpanzee e tšohileng e potlakela ho hloella ka holim'a sefate 'me e qala ho hooa haholo. Haeba moetapele oa banna a etsa qeto ea hore mohlape o kotsing e kholo, a ka hlasela sera, kahoo ho kotsi haholo ho ea mehlolong ea lichimpanzi, haholoholo ha ho na le basali ba nang le malinyane hara bona. Bo-chimpanzi ba rata bana ba bona haholo mme ba ikemiselitse ho itela bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea bona. Mathata a lichimpanzi tseo a li utloisang maqeba a tebileng li kotsi haholo. Ho feta moo, ha li hlasela motho, liphoofolo tsena li ka loma meqathatso ea tsona mokokotlong, molaleng kapa ho ts'oaroa ke moriri.

Ho tla etsahalang

Chimpanzee e tla hlasela. Pele ho tsohle, matsoho, maoto le mahlo a tla ameha. Hape, litšoene tsena li tsebahala ka hore nakong ea ntoa e matla li batla ho harola litho tsa sera tsa ho ikatisa.

Morero oa bona ke ho utloisa bohloko bo boholo.

Hangata chimpanzee ha e loane ho isa lefung . Haeba ho na le tlhaselo ho motho ea hlasetsoeng, ntho ea bohlokoa ke ho tšosa, ho holofala, ho tlotlolla, e le hore puso e ka theoa.

Mohlala, likhohlano li hlaha lipakeng tsa lichimpanzi, e leng banna ba babeli. Ho etsahalang ntlheng ee?

Ba loana ho fihlela motho a le mong a lemoha matla a sera . Ho tloha motsotsong ona, khohlano e ea fela. Ha ho na tšusumetso ea 'mele. Boemo bo hlahelletseng bo thehiloe, 'me tse ling kaofela ha li sa sebetsa.

Reference! Ho latela data ea morao-rao, lichimpanzi li matla ho feta batho ka 30%. Empa mona ho sebelisitsoe tlhahisoleseling e tloaelehileng. Bongata ba rona re tla lahleheloa ke litšoene ka litšobotsi tsa 2, kapa makhetlo a 3. Re batho ba botsoa haholo, batho ba sejoale-joale.

Se ke oa senya

Leka hore u se ke oa halefisa chimpanzee haeba u iphumana u le haufi le litšoene tsena. Bonyane - ba tla u otla, 'me boholo - ba tla u bolaea. Ntho ea morao-rao ke rarollo, empa e ntse e etsahala.

Tlas'a khatello ea "flywheels" e nang le boea ka mokhoa oa matsoho a litšoene, baemeli ba bang ba bobeli le batho ba oa.

Maemong ana, mokhoa oa ntoa o lula o tšoana:

Litla-morao tsa 'mele tse utloisang bohloko ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Sena se bolela ka mahlo a tšoanang le libaka tsa Causal. Matsoho le maoto le ona a ka rusolla.

Mokhoa oa ho hanela pefo

Ha ho pelaelo hore matsoho a lichimpanzi li matla ho feta a batho. Haeba u nka qeto ea ho lata nakong ea tlhaselo ea phoofolo ena, folakha e ka menoana ea hau. Empa ha ho molemo. Bophahamo ba rona ke maoto.

Lichimpanzi li ntshetswa pele ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang. Li na le matsoho a malelele le a matla, e leng mehato e khethehileng e ka hulang mang kapa mang. Empa ka maoto a bona mathata a fokola. Kapa le rona!

E latela seo re ka leka ho khopisa lichimpanzi. Bonyane ho molemo ho raha maoto. Tabeng ena, bonyane ho tla ba le monyetla oa tlhōlo.

Qeto

Chimpanzee ke phoofolo e hlaha e tla leka ho laola sebaka sa eona. Motho bakeng sa hae le eena o qholotsa matla.

Ka hona, ho molemo ho se iphumanele hore na lichimpanzi li tla fumana setopo sa hau hokae.

Haeba e sa sebetse, loaneloa. Pele, qolla meno a litšoelesa. Sena ke sebetsa se kotsi ka ho fetisisa. Ho etsa sena, o tlameha ho tela letsoho la hau. Mona joalo ka lintja. Ba e ntša, ba e khomarela.

Mohato o latelang ke ho hlasela mahlo a litšoelesa. Nka mokhoa oa ho emisa, ebe u sebelisa khatello e hlokahalang. Haeba chimpanzee e lahleheloa ke matla a ho bona, u tla ba le monyetla, ka mohlala, oa ho baleha.

Le ha ho le joalo. U monna - kahoo u ka nahana. Etsa bonnete ba hore khohlano e joalo e ke ke ea ba teng. Qolla monyetla oa liketsahalo tse joalo.