Humpback Whale ke moemeli oa lelapa la Minke Whale. Phoofolo ena e anyesang e lula metsing a leoatle a Karolo e ka Boroa ea Lefatše. O na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa mokhoa oa ho sesa - ha humpback e ntse e sesa, o ts'oara mokokotlo oa hae haholo. Phoofolo e anyesang e lula lehlabula metsing a Leoatle le ka Boroa, 'me mariha e sesa ka leboea' me e lula metsing a libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo.
Tlhaloso
Leruarua la humpback le fapana le maruarua a mang a metsu ka sebopeho sa 'mala le' mele, sebopeho sa dorsal fin, boholo ba masiba a pectoral, "li-warts" tse kholo mokokotlong le lipheletsong tsa mepopotlo ea pectoral le pheletsong e thata ea chelete ea pele. Mmele oa wpback whale oa khutsufatsoa ebile o le letsoai, karolong ea kantle e ea holisoa, karolong e ka morao ea hloekisoa le ho hatelloa ho tloha mahlakoreng. Hlooho e boreleli, 'me kotlo e chitja qetellong, ho batho ba baholo e mokhuts'oane ka makhetlo a 3,3,5,5 ho feta mmele. Meroallo e meholo e tlase e hlaha ka pele ka cm 10-30. Belly sagging. Li-grooves tse telele molaleng le ka mpeng li kholo, empa ha li ngata. E le molao, ho na le likhoele tse 14 ho isa ho tse 22. Seliba sa humpback se na le lehloa, ka linako tse ling e le sebopeho sa lengolo V, ho fihlela 3 m phahameng.
Lintlha tse ka boholo bo boholo ba li-humpbacks li hanyetsana haholo. Kahona, tse tšehali tse kholo ka ho fetisisa (haeba li lekantsoe ka nepo) ha li fetele ho 17,4 m, le tse tona - 16 m, empa hajoale li na le seoelo ebile li bolelele ba limithara tse 15 ho isa tlase. Leha ho le joalo, sena se sebetsa feela ho Karolo ea Atlantic-Afrika ea Antarctic, moo basali ba holang thobalano ka bolelele ba 12,4-12,5 m, empa eseng ho lekala la Australia-Pacific, moo ho ba le bohlankana bo bang teng ho 11.6-12.2 m bolelele ba ngoana ea sa tsoa hlaha. 4-5 m.
Ka tloaelo basali ba holileng ka botona kapa botšehali ba bolelele ba 40-70 cm, athe ba batona ba holileng tsebong ba bolelele ba 1-1,5 m ho feta banna, likarolo tsa bona tsa sefahleho li phahame haholo. 'Mele o teteaneng, o na le mokokotlo hape,' moho o motenya le mpa. Sebaka sa "caudal" se khubung ea karolo e ka morao ea eona se petsoha haholo. Ka lilemo, hlooho e eketseha hanyane, 'me karolo ea mohatla ea fokotseha.
Masiba a pectoral a kholo haholo (1/3 -1/4 ea bolelele ba 'mele), ka moeli o sa lekanang oa tuberous. Metsu e ka mpeng e kholo, makhetlo a 2-3 a pharaletseng ebile a tebile ho feta a finwale, ke ba 'maloa (ho tloha ho 17 ho isa ho 36,' me hangata ke metsero e 25-30). Finors ea dorsal e ka sebopeho sa hump, e teteaneng, e tlase haholo, pheletsong ea eona ea morao e ts'oarehile, hangata e na le notch, bokapele bo phahama, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo e nyane. Hloohong ho na le mela e 5-5 ea li-warts tse kholo - li-cone tse nang le moriri o le mong ho e 'ngoe ea tsona. Pakeng tsa mela e metenya e ka letsohong le letšehali ho na le leholimo le tšoeu kapa le bopinki bo nang le li-grooves tse peli tse telele. Hlooho ea batho ba baholo hangata e khutsufatsoa makhetlo a 3,3,5,5 ho feta bolelele ba 'mele. Finors ea dorsal le mahlakore a sootho, ka linako tse ling a na le 'mala o sootho. Makhopho a ka mpeng le a pectoral a holimo a tšoeu, a mettled kapa (ka seoelo) a soeufetse. Mohatla o koahela batho ba batsho ka holimo, o bobebe ka tlase, o letheba kapa o lefifi. Lehata le hlatsuoa ka bophara.
Leruarua la humpback ke e 'ngoe ea matla ka ho fetisisa har'a maruarua a maholo; e tsebahala ka lipono tse makatsang tsa ho itahlela ka metsing, mohatla le ho fofa mapheo a eona. Hape ke e mong oa maruarua a tsejoang habonolo.
Hlooho e lerootho, e kholo haholo, e lula ho 28.2-30.9% ea bolelele bohle ba 'mele. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, e inama ka thata sefofaneng sa sagittal. Li-warty tse kholo (halofo ea 'mala oa lamunu) karolong ea rostral ea hlooho li hlophisitsoe ka mela e meraro ho isa ho e mehlano: bohareng (5-8 li-cones) le mela e le' ngoe ho isa mahlakoreng a mabeli (mela ea 5-15 ka ho le letona le ho le letšehali ho tloha moleng o bohareng). Motseng o mong le o mong o ka tlase oa li-10-15. Ka li-cones hangata ho hola moriri o le mong. Mohlahare o ka tlase o atoloha 1,0-1.9% ea bolelele ba zoological pele ho feta lipheletso tsa holimo. Ka symphysis ea mandibular, kholo e kholo (ho fihla ho cm cm) ha e na sebopeho. Maqhubu a boreleli a kentsoeng lipakeng tsa mela e meholo e sephara ebile e tlase, 'me ka pele ho na le mela e melelele e meholo ka morao.
Tsamaiso le phallo
Gorbach ke mofuta oa tlhaho o fumanehang ho pholletsa le maoatle le karolo e 'ngoe ea leoatle haufi le sebaka se chesang se mongobo ho isa libakeng tse phahameng ka ntle ho naha, ntle le bakeng sa libaka tse leqhoa tsa Arctic le Antarctic. Ha e fumanehe Leoatleng la Arctic ka holimo ho 65 ° C. sh., ha a eo metsing a polar a Russian Federation ho tloha Leoatleng la Kara ho ea Leoatleng la Siberia la Bochabela, ho kenyeletsoa. Maruarua a Humpback a ne a tloaetse ho kenella leoatleng la leoatle la Mediterranean le la Baltic ho ea fihla Koung ea Finland. Joaloka molao, e fumaneha metsing a leoatle le a matlong a sefuba, e kenang libakeng tse tebileng tsa leoatle feela nakong ea ho falla. Linoko tse ka leboea nakong ea ho falla li matla ho feta tse ka boroa, li latela melatsoana ea naha.
Mehlape ea maruarua a humpback a fallela moo, ho ipapisitsoe le ho fumaneha ha lijo, 'me ka nako ea selemo e nang le linako tse feto-fetohang, a qeta nako e futhumetseng ea selemo a fepa libakeng tse metsi a futhumetseng kapa a batang,' me mariha bakeng sa ho ikatisa le ho tsoala bana, a fallela metsing a libakeng tse chesang le tse chesang tse mongobo, moo boteng ba bona bo amanang teng. le lihlekehleke kapa lits'ebetso tsa mafika a leoatle. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore humpback whales hibernate hohle moo ho nang le metsi ka mocheso oa 21.1- 28.3 ° C, ho sa tsotelehe hore na li ne li le hokae. Ntho e khethollang molao o akaretsang ke baahi ba lulang Leoatleng la Arabia, e lulang selemo le selemo metsing a libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo. Ho falla hangata ho nka likhoeli tse 1-2, ho falla ho potlakileng ho tlalehiloeng (ho tloha ka boroa-bochabela ho Alaska ho ea Hawaii) ho nkile matsatsi a 39. Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba whale ea ho fallisa bo tsoa ho 8000 km, e e etsang hore e be tse anyesang tse fallang ka ho fetisisa.
Ho falla selemo le selemo ho etsahala ka tatellano e itseng: masimo a pele a ho fepa qetellong ea hoetla a anyesa tse tšehali ka malinyane a li hulang butle butle. Liphoofolo tse sa ts'oanang le tse tona, tse tona tse tsofetseng, tse se nang moimana mme qetellong tse tšehali lia li latela. Qetellong ea mariha, ho falla hoa etsahala ka tsela e fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsa 1995 tse lebopong la leoatle la Australia Bochabela li bonts'itse hore ha se liphoofolo tsohle tse fallang selemo le selemo - tse ling tse tšehali li lula libakeng tsa ho fepa mariha kaofela.
Mehlape e meholo ea maruarua a humpback le eona e arotsoe ka likarolo tse nyane. Kahoo, naheng e ka bophirima ea Atlantic, mehlape e 4-5 e khetholloa e fepa ka Koung ea Maine, Koung ea St. Lawrence, haufi le Newfoundland le Labrador, metsing a Greenland le metsing a Iceland, a tsoakaneng ka tsela e fapaneng libakeng tsa mariha.
Ka metsing a Russia, maruarua a humpback a ka fumanoa metsing a leoatle a Barents, Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk le Japan. Nako le nako, o ne a kena Leoatleng la Baltic. Hajoale, Leoatleng la Chukchi, Anadyr Bay, lebopong la Kamchatka le kou ea Kuril, e se e le ntho e sa tloaelehang, 'me Leoatleng la Barents le ile la fela.
Ho beha boitšoaro
Maruarua a Humpback a fepa haholo mafelong a ho fepa, 'me nakong ea mariha le nakong ea ho falla a bolaoa ke tlala a sebelisa mafura a mafura. Nakong ena, ba lahleha haholo, ba theohela ho 1/3 ea boima ba bona. Li-crustaceans tse fapa-fapaneng le litlhapi tse nyane tse kenang sekolo, mme ka linako tse ling li-cephalopods, li ja e le lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-humpbacks. Li-humpbacks li iphepa ka metsi a lebopong, 'me haeba li tlosoa libakeng tse ling, krill e sebelisoa e le lijo.
Ho baahi ba ka leboea ba maruarua a humpback, litlhapi li etsa karolo ea 95% ea lijo tsohle. Tsena ke herring, mackerel, sardine, anchovies le ba bang. Mala a humpback a khona ho amohela lijo tse fetang halofo ea thane.
Karolo e khahlisang ea whale ea humpback ke mekhoa e fapaneng eo whale e fepang ka eona. Hoa etsahala hore maruarua a 'maloa a nka karolo ho fepa.
Ha ho na le leruarua le le leng, e sesa ka har'a mohlape oa litlhapi kapa polankton ka molomo, 'me e metsa lijo ka metsi, ebe e li sefa ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa tsona tsa ho sefa. Kapa mofuta o mong oa leruarua o hlaba hlapi ka ho phunyelletsa le mohatleng, o sesa ka har'a selikalikoe se seholo ho potoloha sekolo.
Ha maruarua a bokana likolong, a pota-pota sekolo sa litlhapi le foam e potileng ho e pota, eo litlhapi li ke keng tsa baleha. Ebe maruarua a qoela e le 'ngoe ka tlasa sekolo,' me, ka mehlahare ea hae e bulehileng, a metse litlhapi.
Ka linako tse ling, leruarua le thellela ka tlasa sekolo sa litlhapi ebe moea o tsoang ho lona o potoloha sekolo ka lipompo tsa moea. Li-Bubble tsena li ferekanya litlhapi le ho koala leruarua, le le phahamang hofihlela holimo holimo, le metsa phofu ea eona ho tloha tlase.
Khafetsa, maruarua, ha a hlophisitse liketso tsa 'ona, a batla a ja mohlape o moholo oa sardine. Ho tsoma ha bona ke sehlopha ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse thata ka ho fetisisa tse sebelisanang' moho har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing.
Hangata humpback e sesa ka holim'a metsi ka mapetsoana a eona a malelele le mohatla, foam ea sephali, e phunyeletse mokokotlong oa eona, e pepesa sefuba sa eona. Ka linako tse ling, humpback e tsoa ka metsing ka ho feletseng ebe e oela ka lenyele. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore ka tsela ena, leruarua le tlosa likokoana-hloko tse lutseng 'meleng oa lona. Ke libaka tse nang le limela tse ngata, tseo boholo ba tsona e leng maruoa a minke, a tlatsitsoeng ke bo-'mankhane, litoeba, matata a leoatle le a mang, 'me liboko tsa odontobius li lenngoe mofung oa eona oa leruarua.
Leha re tseba mofuta oa papali ea humpback, ho thata ho bolela hantle hore na lipapali tse joalo li bakoa ke eng: tlhokahalo kapa boithabiso feela. Ka linako tse ling liphororo li sesa haufi le sekepe se phaphametseng, se bapala pela lehlakore la sona, se tsamaisane le sekepe nako e telele. Joalo ka maraba a mang, lits'oants'o lia bina. Lipina tsena li utloahala ho fihlela halofo ea hora, 'me ka linako tse ling ha li binoe ke whale e le' ngoe, empa ke k'hoaere eohle. Mme leha ho se motho ea nang le bonnete ba sepheo sa 'nete sa lipina tsa whale, ho bonahala eka lipina tsa humpback li amana le nako ea ho tsofala, ha tse tona li ipiletsa tsona.
Ho tsala
Ho ima ho basali ho etsahala mariha, ao karolong e ka boroa ea lefatše a oelang ka Phuptjane-Phato. Leha e le tšehali li ka emola ka September le November, empa sena ha se etsahala hangata. Nako ea kemaro ke likhoeli tse 11. Ho tsoaloa konyana e le 'ngoe, eo boima ba eona e ka bang toni e le' ngoe, 'me bolelele ba' mele e ka ba limithara tse 'ne. Tse tšehali li fepa malinyane ka lebese likhoeli tse 10. Qetellong ea ho fepa lebese, malinyane a katse a se a le boima ba lithane tse 8 mme kutu e na le limilimithara tse 9. Peō e ba le e tšehali ka likhoeli tse 18, ebe konyana e ea mo siea ebe e tšehali e boetse ea emola. Boimana ho humpback ea basali e na le khafetsa ea lilemo tse peli. Liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang li ba le lilemo tse 5 tsa ho kopanela liphate. Maruarua a Humpback a phela lilemo tse 40-45.
Lira
Phoofolo ena e khōlōhali ha e na lira, ke marang-rang a bolaeang 'me batho ke mekhelo,' me motho o kotsi haholo ho feta sebatana sa leoatle. Lilemong tse makholo tse peli tse fetileng, batho ba ile ba bolaea liphoofolo tsena haholo. Hona joale leruarua la humpback le thathamisitsoe ho International Red Book mme le sirelelitsoe ke molao. Kajeno palo ea baahi ba eona e ka ba likete tse 20.
Whalebone
Mohala o mong le o mong oa "whalebone" o na le lipakana tse tsoang ho 270 ho isa ho tse 400 tse nang le sephaka se thata (bakeng sa bohlooho bo bobebe) (ka linako tse ling lipolanete tse ka pele moleng li le bosoeu bo lehlakoreng lehlakoreng le bulehileng). Bophahamo bo phahameng ba lipolanete bo ka ba 1 m, hangata ha bo fetang cm 85. Selemo se seng le se seng, lipoleiti li hola ka cm 8-11. Botebo ba mapheoana bo bolelele ba bolelele ba bona ke 0,47-00.82 mm, ka karolelano, 0,62 mm, le boteng ba bona ba 0.6. -1.0 limilimithara. Boleleleng ba 1 cm ka kotloloho ho poleiti ea poleiti, ho na le likotopo tse 42-50.
Ho tšoasa litlhapi
Li-humpbacks - maruarua a batlang a le lebelo le tlase ebile a amana haufi le lebopo - a ile a felisoa habonolo. Nakong e fetileng, ba ile ba tšoaroa ka matla libakeng tsa South Georgia, Lihlekehlekeng tsa Shetland Boroa, Afrika Boroa (Natala, Angola), Kongo, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Japane, Korea le lebopo la Pacific la Amerika Leboea. E tona e boima ba limithara tse 12,92, e le boima ho Aleut, e boima ba 27,714 kg, eo (ka kilo): mafura a ikhethileng 2847, peritoneum 3734, leleme 792, nama 5788, vertebrae 2669, lehata le sa hloekang 2247, mohlahare o tlase 1103, likhopo tse nang le maseketse. 3718, masiba a pectoral 1016, mahetla a 578, makhopho a caudal 455, pelo ea pelo, sebete 327, mapheo a 362, mpa ea 105, mafura a ka hare 443 le likarolo tse ling tsa 1405 kg.
Kamora thibelo ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi, palo ea maruarua a humpback e ile ea qala ho fola, ka hona boemo ba mefuta e ho Lethathamo le Lefubelu la IUCN bo ile ba fetoloa ho tloha Endangered (mefuta e kotsing ea ho fetoha) ho ba Vulnerable (mefuta e kotsing) ka 1990. Ho ikopanya ha likepe le ho koaheloa ke lerata hoa leoatle ho kotsi haholo ho maruarua a maruarua, leha ho hlakile hore ha a ame bongata ba tsona bo bongata. Ntle le moo, maruarua a humpback, a se nang bokhoni ba ho sebelisa tsebo ea litlono, a ke ke a fumana matlooa a ho tšoasa litlhapi mme hangata a shoa, a kentsoe ka har'a ona. Karolo ena ea morao-rao ke bothata bo bohlokoa metsing a Newfoundland-Labrador le Isle of Man, moo matsoalloa a teng a senya hoo e ka bang 90% ea matlooa a ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa cod. Pakeng tsa Novembala 1987 le Pherekhong 1988, li-humpbacks tse 14 li ile tsa hlokahala kamora ho ja mackerel ea Atlantic e tšoaelitsoeng ke saxitoxin. Mabaka a tloaelo a ho ikatisa a maruarua a humpback a kotsing ka lebaka la pherekano joalo ka ho palama ha likepe le liketsoana le likepe tse ngata tsa bahahlauli, leha ka kakaretso mofuta ona o le bonolo ho ikamahanya le ho ba haufi le batho.