motho ea amanang le leruarua le dolphin

• liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang maoatateng tse jang nama ea mofuta oa dolphin

• liphoofolo tse matla tse jang maoatleng tse jang nama ea phoofolo e jang nama

• lihlapi tsa khoebo tse lulang metsing a hloekileng a Afrika, Asia Boroa le Asia Bochabela

• tlhapi ea katse ea subfish

• dolphin e nang le 'mala oa penguin

• "cannibal" kampong ea li-dolphin

• phoofolo e anyesang e potlakileng haholo ea leoatle

• Ke sebatana sefe se seholo ka ho fetisisa se boima ho feta tsohle?

• phoofolo ea leoatleng ea lelapa la dolphin, sebatana

• dolphin e kholo ka ho fetisisa

• e ts'oanang le dolphin e tloaelehileng

• kholo ka ho fetisisa ho li-dolphin

• Willy ea hlahang filiming

• Cetacean e jang liphoofolo tse anyesang

• Sephiri se seholo ka ho fetisisa se jang nama

• Mefuta e anyesang ea metsing e fumanehang ka li-dolphin

Litloholo tsa Cetacean

Maikutlo a moetlo mabapi le kholo ea phetoho ea cetaceans e ne e le taba ea hore beng ka bona ba haufi-ufi ebile mohlomong ke baholo-holo ba bona e ne e le mezzanine - sehlopha sa linonyana tse jang liphoofolo tse sa pheleng tse neng li tšoana le liphiri tse nang le likhaba ho e-na le mehala mme e ne e le sehlopha sa li-artiodactyl. Liphoofolo tsena li ne li e-na le meno a sebopeho se sa tloaelehang se tšoanang, se tšoanang le meno a cetacean. Haholo-holo, ka lebaka lena, bo-ramahlale ba khale ba lumela hore li-cetaceans li tsoa ho mesonichia e itseng ea baholo-holo. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahisoleseling e ncha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e bonts'a hore li-cetaceans ke beng ka li-artiodactyls, haholo-holo likubu. Ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tsena, ho bile ho etsoa tlhahiso ea ho kenyelletsa li-artiodactyl ka tatellano ea liphoofolo tse nang le likhama tse bopehileng ka lebitso 'me lebitso la Cetartiodactyla le rehelloa ka tekesi ea monopholone e kenyeletsang lihlopha tsena tse peli. Leha ho le joalo, lilemo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa mesaletsa ea khale ea anthracoterium, baholo-holo ba mahiphi, lilemo tse limilione tse 'maloa li ka tlase ho lilemo tsa Pakitset, moholo-holo oa khale oa khale oa leruarua.

Ho sibolloa ha morao-rao ha mofuta oa tlhaho Pacicetus, protokite ea khale ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang, e tiisa tlhaiso-leseling. Sebopeho sa masapo paciteta e bonts'a hore maruarua ha se litloholo tse tobileng tsa mesonichids. Ho fapana le moo, baholo-holo ba maruarua a arohaneng le li-artiodactyls ba fetohela tseleng ea bophelo ba ka metsing ka mor'a hore li-artiodactyls ka boeona li arohane le baholo-holo ba tloaelehileng ba mesonichids. Kahoo, mefuta ea protokite e ne e le mefuta ea pele ea li-artiodactyls, e bolokileng tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa mesonichids (sebopeho sa meno a marang-rang) tse lahliloeng ke li-artiodactyl tsa sejoale-joale. Ho khahlisang, baholo-holo ba pele-pele ba liphoofolo tsohle tse se nang bomolimo e ka 'na eaba e ne e le likarolo tse ling tsa lihlahisoa kapa lihlapi.

Li-dolphin le maruarua li fapana joang le litlhapi, hona hobaneng li nkuoa e le liphoofolo tse anyesang?

Pele, libopuoa tsena li mali a futhumetseng. Litlhaping, mocheso ha o phahame ho feta mocheso oa metsi, ha o le marung le liphoofolong, mocheso oa 'mele oa tsona o phahame,' me sebaka se nang le mafura a mangata, se abeloang 'mele kaofela, sea li sireletsa metsing a batang.

Li-dolphin ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse metsing.

Taba ea bobeli, liphoofolo tsena li hloka moea bakeng sa bophelo. Litlhapi li ka phefumoloha ka likholofalo le ho lokolla oksijene ka kotloloho metsing, empa maruarua a hloka moea, ka hona ka linako tse ling a tlameha ho sesa, empa a ka lula nako e telele ntle le moea ho feta liphoofolo tse naheng.

Li-dolphin ke libōpuoa tse bohlale ka ho fetisisa.

Taba ea boraro, ha hlaha litlhapi, 'me li-dolphin le maruarua ha lia tlameha ho etsa joalo, joalo ka liphoofolo tse anyesang, li tsoala masea a phela. Ho feta moo, ba fepa bana ka lebese la matsoele.

Maruarua le 'ona ke liphoofolo tse anyesang.

La bone, skeleton ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng e fapane le ea litlhapi. Hape, tsamaiso ea potoloho ea litlhapi le maruarua e fapane ka ho felletseng.

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Liphoofolo tsa pele ho fetisisa tse tsoang cetacean infraorder: pacicetids kapa indochius?

Lipakete e ne e le li -ululate, ka linako tse ling li ne li khetholloa e le maraba a pele. Ba ne ba lula sebakeng sa Pakistan ea sejoale (ka hona lebitso "whale from Pakistan") qalong ea Eocene, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 50 tse fetileng. E ne e le phoofolo e neng e shebahala joaloka ntja, empa e e-na le mahofi menoaneng ea eona le mohatla o molelele o motelele. Sesebelisoa sa tsebe se amana le maruarua a paciceta: poiceta ea pokello ea letsoho, joalo ka leruarua, e entsoe ka kotloloho ho tsoa lesapong la tympanic. Sebopeho sa tsebe ea pacicet ha sea tloaeleha haholo 'me se fumana li-analogues feela ho cetaceans. Pele, ho ne ho nahanoa hore tsebe e fetotsoe bakeng sa bophelo bo ka tlas'a metsi, leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse ling li bontšitse hore litsebe tsa pacicet li loketse feela tikoloho ea moea, mme haeba pacicet e hlile e le ntate-moholo oa maruarua, bokhoni ba ho utloa ka tlasa metsi e ne e le phetoho ea morao-rao ea thuso e teng ea kutlo. Ho ea ka Tevissen, meno a sephutheloana a boetse a tšoana le meno a maruarua a khale.

Tevissen o boetse a fumane hore sebopeho se ts'oanang sa tsebe se bonoe lifosile tsa Indochius e nyane ea likhama. Indochius o phetse lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 48 ho Kashmir. Ena e nyane - boholo ba katse e lapeng - herbivore e ne e na le likarolo tse e tlisang haufi le maruarua ebile e bonts'a tloaelo ea tikoloho ea metsing. Har'a tsona, khetla e boima ebile e boima e tšoana le khetla ea masapo a liphoofolo tse ling tsa mehleng ea khale tse metsing, tse kang likubu, tse thusang ho fokotsa bohloeki, ka lebaka leo, eu lumella ho lula tlasa metsi. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore Indochius, joalo ka lere la metsi la sejoale-joale, e ile ea itahlela ka tlasa metsi ho ipata ho sebatana.

Li-ambulocetides le Remingtonocetides

Ntho e makatsang ka ho fetisisa ea maru a khale ke ambulocet, e tsejoang ho tloha Eocene ea Pakistan. Ka ntle, phoofolo ena e tšehali e ne e tšoana le koena e limilimithara tse tharo. Ambulocet e ne e le phoofolo ea metsi a mahareng: maoto a eona a morao a loketse ho sesa ho e-na le ho tsamaea ka maoto. Mohlomong o ile a sesa, a inamela 'mele ka sefofane se emeng, joalo ka metenya ea sejoale-joale, litiiso le maruarua. Ho nahanoa hore li-ambulocetides tse tsongoang joalo ka likoena tsa sejoale-joale, li emetse ho ts'oasa lihlapi le liphoofolo tse tlileng mokoting oa ho nosetsa.

Beng ka motho ba haufi ba ambulocet e ne e le li-remingtonocetides. Baemeli ba lelapa lena ba ne ba le bonyane ka boholo, ba e-na le sefahleho se seholo ho feta 'me ba ikamahanya le bophelo ba ka tlas'a metsi. Ho nahanoa hore ba ne ba tšoana le li-otter tsa sejoale-joale tseleng ea bona ea bophelo, ba tsoma lihlapi ho tsoa litsing.

Ho baemeli ba lihlopha tsena ka bobeli, linko li ne li le qetellong ea sefuba, joalo ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefatše.

Protocol

Protocetides e theha sehlopha se seholo le se fapaneng, se tsejoang ka ho fumanoa Asia, Europe, Afrika le Amerika Leboea. Lelapa lena le kenyeletsa palo e kholo ea mofuta oa genera, tse ling tsa tsona li ithutile hantle (mohlala, rhodocet, e tsejoang ho tsoa libakeng tse phahameng tsa Baluchistan). Li-protocol tsohle tse tsebahalang li ne li e-na le maoto le matsoho a hloahloa tse neng li ka tšehetsa 'mele lefatšeng, mohlomong li ne li phela bophelo bo mabifi ka ho phela tikolohong ea metsing le lefatšeng. Ha ho e-so hlake hore na protocetid e ne e na le chelete ea "caudal", joalo ka li-cetaceans tsa mehleng ena, empa ho hlakile hore ba ne ba tloaelane le mokhoa oa bophelo ba metsing. Mohlala, sacrum - karolo ea lesapo leo mokokotlo o khokelitsoeng ho lona - ka har'a Rhodocetus e ne e le li-vertebrae tse hlano tse arohaneng, ha vertebrae e leng mothapong oa liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefatše e kopane. Ho li-protoketids, ho buloa ha linko ho ile ha phahamisa nko - hona ke mohato oa pele ho li-cetaceans tsa hona joale tse leng moqhaka oa linko. Phetolelo e mabapi le sebopeho sa amphibian ea protocetide e ts'ehetsoa ke ho fumanoa ke mosali oa moimana oa Mayatzet ka tholoana e pepesitsoeng, hlooho ea hae e retelehetse setsing sa thekiso. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore tsoalo ea Mayatset e etsahetse lefatšeng - ho seng joalo konyana e bile le monyetla oa ho bipetsa.

Likarolo tse kang, mohlala, boteng ba makhoaba a lipheletsong tsa menoana ea morethetho oa Rhodocete li bua ka tšimoloho ea maruarua a pele a tsoang lilulure.

Basilosaurids le Dorudontids: li-cetaceans tsa metsing ka botlalo

Basilosaurus (e fumanoe ka 1840, 'me qalong e ne e fosahetse bakeng sa phoofolo e ruuoang, e hlalosang lebitso la "reptilian") le Dorodon ba phetse lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 38 tse fetileng mme e ne e le liphoofolo tsa leoatleng. Basilosaurus e ne e le kholo joalo ka maru a maholo a sejoale-joale, ka linako tse ling e ne e ba bolelele ba limithara tse 18. Li-Dorudontids li ne li le nyane hanyane, ho fihlela ho 5 metres.

Leha ho tšoana le marang-rang a kajeno, li-basilosaurids le li-dorudontids li ne li se na protheine e ka pele-mafura, e bitsoang melon, e lumellang li-cetaceans tse teng ho sebelisa echolocation ka katleho. Boko ba basilosaurids e ne e le nyane, ho tloha moo ho ka nahanoang hore ba ne ba phela bophelo ba boinotšing mme ba se na sebopeho se rarahaneng sa sechaba joaloka li-cetaceans tse ling tsa sejoale-joale. Mabapi le phetoho ea ho phela bophelo ba metsing bo hloekileng, li-basilosaurid li bonts'a lits'oants'o tse mpe tsa litho tsa ka morao - leha li entsoe hantle, li nyane ebile ha li sa khona ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho sisinyeha. Le ha ho le joalo, mohlomong ba bile le karolo ea tšehetso ho tlohelong. Masapo a pelvic a basilosaurids ha a sa kopana le lesapo la mokokotlo, joalo ka ha ho bile joalo ka protocetid.

Ponahalo ea echolocation

Li-whales tse nang le menoana (Odontocetes) li etsa khopiso ea mantsoe, li theha letoto la li-click ka makhetlo a fapaneng. Mehopolo e nang le molumo e ntšoa ke "frontal melon" ("frontal melon"), e hlahang nthong ebe e tlalehiloe ka mohlahare o tlase. Phuputso ea li-skulls tsa squalodon (squalodon) e bonts'a ho hlaha hoa mantlha hoa khopiso ho mofuta ona. Squalodon o phetse ho tloha qalong ea Middle Oligocene ho isa bohareng ba Miocene, lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 33-14 tse fetileng, mme o bile le lipontšo tse 'maloa tse tšoanang le maruoa a mehleng ea kajeno a marikhoe. Mohlala, lehata le bonojoana le sephara tse otlolohileng li atile haholo ho Odontoceti ea sejoale-joale. Leha ho le joalo, monyetla oa tšimoloho ea li-dolphin tsa sejoale-joale ho tsoa ho squalodon o nkuoa e se ntho e ntle.