1. Albatross ke linonyana tsa leoatle tse tsejoang ka lerato la tsona la maeto a malelele.
2.Albatrosses a lula libakeng tse batang le tse futhumetseng tsa Karolo e ka Boroa ea Lefatše. Haholo-holo hangata linonyana li fumanoa sebakeng se bitsoang Leoatle le ka Boroa - beisine e pota-potileng Antarctica, lihlekehlekeng tsohle.
3. Linonyana lia lelera hole - libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa Karolo e ka Leboea ea Lefatše, 'me ha ho mohla li fofang feela libakeng tse ka holim'a Leoatle la Arctic.
4. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 20 ea li-albatross - ho tloha ka ho tsuba, boholo ba seagull, ho lelera (Diomedes exulans, kapa "albatross e leleketsoeng"), e nang le mapheo a rekoto ea limithara tse 3,5 (sena ke sefofane se senang setulo se le seng)!
5. Lelapeng la li-albatross, li-albatross tsa borena le tse lelera ke e 'ngoe ea linonyana tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse fofang ka boholo. Boholo ba 'mele oa batho ba baholo bo fihla ho swan - li-kilometer tse 10-11,' me mapheo a eona a fihla ho limithara tse 3,5. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea li-albatross: Amsterdam albatross, albatross ea borena, albatross e lelera, Tristan albatross.
Amsterdam Albatross
6. Amsterdam albatross e fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 120, mapheo - ho fihlela limithara tse 3,5, boima bo ka har'a li-kilos tse 5-8.
7. Pono e atileng ea Lihlekehleke tsa Amsterdam tse ka boroa ho Leoatle la India.
8. Nonyana ena e tšosoa ka ho felisoa, empa butle-butle e khona ho eketsa palo ea baahi.
9. Albatrosses e fofa hole hape ebile e telele ho feta nonyana e 'ngoe. Ka lebaka la ho latela seterata, ho ile ha fumaneha hore li-albatross tse ling li fofa ho pota lefatše ka nako e ka tlase ho likhoeli tse peli mme li ka fofa ka matsatsi a tšeletseng ntle le mapheo a tsona a le mapheo.
10. Karolo e jang matla ka ho fetisisa ea sefofane leha e le sefe sa albatross se felile: nako feela eo nonyana e hlokang ho otlanya mapheo a eona ka nepo.
Royal albatross
11. Albatross ea borena e na le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 110 ho isa ho tse 120, le mapheo a lisenthimithara tse 280 ho isa ho tse tharo, 'me motho e moholo o na le boima ba li-kilos tse 8.
12. Mefuta ea mofuta ona e kenyelletsa subspecies tse peli: leboo la borena le boroa ba albatross. Mapheo a subspecies e ka leboea a koahetse ka masiba a 'mala o lefifi le letšo, ha e' ngoe e ka boroa e na le mapheo a 'mala o mosoeu o hloekileng.
13. Sebaka sa bolulo ba albatross - New Zealand.
14. Ho fapana le linonyana tse jang tse ling tse rerileng ho melapo e futhumetseng, albatross e lula e le haufi le leoatle e sebelisa matla a phahamisang a maqhubu a moea a tsoang maqhubu.
15. Bophahamo ba linonyana tsena bo boholo ebile bo haufi, fluff e boreleli, e bobebe ebile e futhumetse, ha fluff e koahelang 'mele oa albatross ka karolo e tsoelang pele, ha linonyana tse ling e hola feela meheleng e itseng - pterillia. Mofuthu o futhumetseng oa li-albatrosses o se o le haufi le ho hlaha ka sebopeho sa 'mele.
Wandering albatross
16. Albatross e lelera e na le bolelele ba kutu ho lisentimitara tse 117, e le mapheo a maholo ka ho fetisisa a mefuta eohle - ho fihla ho lisenthimithara tse 370. Mmala oa masiba a nonyana e tšoeu, masiba a mapheo ho na le e ka ba metsero e metšo. Molomo o moholo. Matsoa a pinki.
17. Bacha ba na le moriri o bosootho bo bokhuts'oane bo ba bo bokhubelu ha ba ntse ba hola, empa sefahleho se selelele se sootho se ka lula sefubeng nako e telele.
18. Albatross e lelera e fumanoa lihlekehlekeng tsa subantarctic.
Albatross e ntšo
19. Hang ha malinyane a albatross a lelera a eme lepheo la eona, maoto a eona a ke ke a hlola a ama fatše ho fihlela nako ea ho nyala, mme sena se ka etsahala ka lilemo tse 12.
20. 'Mala oa li-albatross ha o bokhubelu, mebala e sootho e lula le mefuta e menyane,' me e tšoeu ka e kholo. Likarolo tsa 'mele (hlooho, mapheo) ka linonyana tse tšoeu li ka bapisoa ka bohlooho kapa bo ntšo. Linonyana tsa bong ka bobeli li na le mebala e tšoanang.
Tristan Albatross
21. Tristan albatross e shebahala e ts'oana haholo le albatross e lelera mme ka nako e itseng e ne e nkuoa e le subspecies ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, nonyana e nyane ka boholo, 'mala oa boholo ba eona o lerootho.
22. Bacha ba ba le tšobotsi e ntšo e tšoeu e tsamaeang butle butle, ha ba bapisoa le albatross e lelera.
23. Sebaka sa tlhaho ea liphoofolo ke sehlekehleke sa Tristan da Cunha, moo se sokeloang ke ho timela.
24. Albatross ke nonyana e telele e phetseng khale. Ba phela nako e telele haholo ka litekanyetso tsa liphoofolo. Bophelo ba bona bo ka bapisoa le nako ea motho le motho, hobane hangata ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 60 kapa ho feta.
25. Empa, leha ho le joalo, albatross e tšetseng makhooa a masoeu e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Russia, timetso ea palo ea mofuta ona e thusitsoe ke ho timetsoa ha linonyana ke masholu ka lebaka la bongata bo botle ba albatross.
26. Albatrosses ke "bo-hloma-u-hlomole" ba sa khangoang ke eng kapa eng ntle le sebakeng seo ba hlahetseng ho sona. Ka maeto a bona, ba koahetse polanete eohle. Linonyana tsena li ka phela ka khotso ntle le naha ka likhoeli tse ngata, 'me bakeng sa ho phomola, li ka lula pheletsong ea metsi.
27. Albatrosses ke ea Procellariiformes ea tatellano, qalong - Tubinares, e bolelang "tube-nosed".
28. Li-tubes li tsamaea ka bolelele bohle ba melomo e meholo e ts'oeroeng 'me li lebisa molemong oa monko o tsoetseng pele haholo, o lumellang albatross ho bona lihlaha le lijo tsa lik'hilomithara tse ngata.
29. Mefuta e meng ea li-tubes, e na le tšebetso e kopanetsoeng: e lumella nonyana hore e phefumolohe ka nko e le 'ngoe ebe e pepeta letsoai la leoatle le fetang le leng.
30. Ho tsoela pele peisong ea bona, linonyana lia phallela moo li kileng tsa ipokella teng. Sena se etsahala hangata: hang mong le e mong lilemo tse 2-3.
31. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa lelapa la albatross o khethile sebaka sa ho holisa malinyane. Hangata hangata tsena ke libaka tse haufi le equator.
32. Ba leka ho aha lihlaha tsa bona li tletse, li ka ba haufi le mefuta e haufi ea mehlape ea leoatle.
33. Albatross ha e bohlale nakong ea kaho. Sehlaha sa hae se shebahala joalo ka tutulu ea seretse, lefatše le joang bo nang le khatello ea maikutlo, bo eme ka kotloloho mafikeng kapa lebopong.
34. Nonyana ena e ka sebetsa e le mohlala oa monogamy: linonyana tsena li khetha molekane a le mong bophelong. Banyalani bao ba nka lilemo hore e be lelapa la linonyana tsa 'nete le boitšisinyo le lipontšo tsa tsona.
35. Tloaelo ea ho ikopanya ha linonyana e bonolo haholo, ba hloekisa masiba a bona, ba fepa e mong, ba a ferekana esita le ho sunana. Kamora likhoeli tse telele tsa karohano, balekane ka bobeli ba boetse ba fofa ba ea sebakeng sa linonyana mme hanghang ba tsebana.
36. Linonyana tsena li behela lehe le le leng feela. Ba e otla le eona. Mohato oa ho ts'oasa linonyana tsena ke o mong oa nako e telele ho feta lefats'eng la linonyana mme o nka matsatsi a 80. Balekane ba fetoha khafetsa, 'me ha mahe a qhotsoa, linonyana ka bobeli li theola boima ba' mele ebile lia fokola.
37. Bakeng sa khoeli ea pele, banyalani ba atisa ho fepa malinyane a bona, mme balekane ba a chese. Ebe batsoali ba ka siea sehlaha sa malinyane ka matsatsi a 'maloa,' me konyana e siuoa e le 'ngoe.
38. nestling e lula sehlaheng nako e tlalehiloeng ea matsatsi a 270, ka nako eo e hola hoo mmele oa eona o fetang boholo ba nonyana ka paramethara.
39. Albatross e siea konyana ka botlalo, mme motho e monyane o tlameha ho phela a le mong ho fihlela a fetola lesea la hae hore e be motho e moholo ebe o koetlisa mapheo a hae hore a fofe. Boikoetliso bo etsahala lebopong kapa pheletsong ea metsi.
40. Albatrosses e se e loketse ho nyaloa ha ba le lilemo tse 4-5, leha ho le joalo, ha ba nyale ho feta lilemo tse 9-10.
41. Lijo tsa albatross li entsoe ka litlhapi, squid, crustaceans, mollusks le plankton e nyane.
42. Ha e le liphofu, li-albatross hangata li tsamaea bosiu, li e latele moeeng 'me e li nkule holimo metsing ebe li fofa. Linonyana le tsona li ka qoela botebo ba limithara tse 12.
43. Mefuta e fapaneng e rata lijo tse fapaneng. Ntle le moo, li-albatross tse ling li khetha ho tsoma tse kantle ho leoatle, ha tse ling li etsa se fapaneng.
44. albatross e lelerang e batla lijo feela libakeng tse nang le botebo ba k'hilomithara e le 'ngoe. Nakong ea lihlaha, tse tona le tse tšehali hangata li tsoma libakeng tse fapaneng.
45. Litorphism tsa botona le botšehali ho albatrosses ha li hlahisoe. Ke batho ba fokolang feela ba fapaneng le linonyana tse baholo ka manala a sootho kapa a sootho. Ka linako tse ling le meeling e metšo ea basali ho na le tse ling tse ka bonoang haufi le masiba a tšoeu a mapheo.
46. Albatrosses ke linonyana tse kholo ka ho fetisisa malapeng a bona. Kwa ntle, nonyane eno e batla e tshwana le segagane. Kahoo, albatross e na le molomo o tšoanang le eona - e moqotetsane ebile e telele, e inamele ntlheng. Leha ho le joalo, e na le tšobotsi ea eona ea bohlokoa.
47. Mehala ea nonyana e lutse ka mahlakoreng a molomo oa eona 'me e shebahala joalo ka lithutsoana tse telele. Sebopeho sa bona ke sona lebaka la monko o bohale le o tsoetseng pele haholo oa albatross, e sa tloaelehang har'a linonyana.
48. Molomong o kahare, ho na le lintlha tsa ho thusa ho boloka liphofu tsa molomo.
49. Lebelo le tloaelehileng la albatross ke 50 km / h, bophahamo ke 80 km / h. Nonyana e moholo e fofa lik'hilomithara tse 800-1000 ka letsatsi. 'Me lefatše le fofa ka matsatsi a 46.
50. Makholo a 'maloa a lilemo a fetileng, li-albatross li ne li sebelisoa e le mohloli oa mahe, mafura le fluff. Batho ba sentse libaka tsa nesting, linonyana li thuntsoe. Sena sohle se lebisitse taba ea hore kajeno mefuta e 19 ho ea 21 ea li-albatross e thathamisitsoe ho Buka e Lefubelu mme e kotsing ea ho timela.
Systematics le thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho
Lintho tsa pele-pele tsa linonyana tse tsoang mofuteng oa albatross ke tsa Middle Miocene lilemong tse limilione tse 12-15 tse fetileng.
Mefuta ea limela (Olson, 1985, Haaramo, 2005)
- Diomedea milleri (Middle Miocene, Sharktooth Hill mme, mohlomong, Middle Miocene, Oregon, USA)
- Diomedea sp. (Li-Miocene tsa morao-rao, Hloahloa ea Valdes (Argentina), Antarctica)
- Diomedea sp. (Pele Pliocene, Afrika Boroa)
- Diomedea sp. (Pejana Pliocene, Florida, USA)
Albatross
1. ornoloa. Seabird of the petrel Order (Diomedea) ◆ Tsela ea herring e lula e lemohuoa ke likarolo tse latelang: mosetare o potolohileng oa foam e tšoeu, e ts'oereng sebaka se seholo sa leoatle, mehlape ea malakabe le albatross, maruarua, liliba le mehlape ea litau tsa leoatle tsa Steller. Chekhov, Sehlekehleke sa Sakhalin, 1893-18895
Ho etsa 'Mapa oa Lentsoe Ho Nepaha Hamonate
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