Rea u amohela leqepheng la 404! U mona hobane o kentse aterese ea leqephe le seng le se le sa sebetse kapa e se e isitsoe atereseng e ngoe.

Leqephe leo u le kopileng e kanna eaba le tlositsoe kapa le tlositsoe. Hape hoa etsahala hore ebe o entse typo e nyane ha o kenya aterese - sena se etsahala le rona, kahoo hlahloba hape ka hloko.

Ka kopo sebelisa sebopeho sa ho batla kapa sa ho batla ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling eo u e ratang. Haeba u na le lipotso, ngolla motsamaisi.

Squirrel

Protein (lat. Sciurus) - mofuta oa litoeba tsa lelapa la squirrel. Ntle le mofuta ka boeona Saense, liprotheine li boetse li bitsoa baemeli ba lelapa la squirrel ba liprotheine tse khubelu tsa genera (Tamiasciurus), squirrels tsa palema (Funambulus) le ba bang ba bangata. Ha e le mofuta o nepahetseng Saense, ebe e kopanya mefuta e ka bang 30 e tloaelehileng Europe, Amerika Leboea le Amerika Boroa le sebakeng se futhumetseng sa Asia.

Ka Latin sciurus - ho alima ho tsoa ho Magerike a mang. , "squirrel", le moo ho tloha σκιά + οὐρά, "shadetail" ka kotloloho.

Lintlha tse akaretsang

Mofuta oa liprotheine o tloaelehileng o kenyelelitsoe molokong oa Sciurini hammoho le genera e meng e mene.

E na le 'mele o molelele o nang le mohatla o molelele o boreleli, litsebe tse telele,' mala o sootho o lefifi o nang le mpa e tšoeu, ka linako tse ling e sootho (haholoholo mariha). Li fumanoa kae kapa kae ntle le Australia. Squirrel ke mohloli oa boea ba bohlokoa.

E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse tsebahalang tse khethollang li-squirrels tse ngata ke bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka linate bakeng sa mariha. Mefuta e meng ea bo-'mampuli e ba epela fatše, ba bang ba ipata ka mekoting ea lifate. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore mohopolo o sa nepahalang oa mefuta e meng ea litsuatsane, haholo sebabole, o thusa ho boloka meru, ha li ntse li cheka linate mobung ebe li lebala ka tsona, 'me ho hlaha lifate tse ncha ho tsoa lipeo tse mela.

Haholo ja limela tse nang le liprotheine, lik'habohaedreite le mafura a mangata. Nako e thata ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa squirrels ke mathoasong a selemo, ha peō e patiloeng e qala ho mela 'me e se e sa khone ho ba lijo,' me e mecha e e-so be le ripse. Nakong ena, liprotheine li ja litholoana tsa makhasi, haholo-holo limmapa tsa silevera. Li-squirrel ha li monate: ho ekelletsa linate, lipeo, litholoana, li-mushroom le limela tse tala, li ja likokoanyana, mahe esita le linonyana tse nyane hammoho le liphoofolo tse anyesang le lihohoana. Khafetsa, lijo tsena li nkela linate tsa liprotheine linaheng tse chesang tse mongobo.

Li-squirrel libakeng tsa bolulo li khona ho fepa ho tsoa ho li fepa linonyana, ho cheka limela tse lenngoeng ho batla peo, le ho lula ka likamoreng tse joalo ka li-attics. Li-squirrel lia fumaneha lia rekisoa.

Meno a liprotheine a lula a le bohale ebile hanyane ka hanyane (ka litoeba, meno a hola kamehla). Li-squirrel li nkoa e le tse senyang lijalo - beng ba matlo libakeng tse nang le palo e kholo ea bo-'mampuli ba tlameha ho koala likamore tsa bona tse tlase le li-attics, hobane squirrels li ka hlophisa lihlaha tsa tsona moo kapa tsa senya letho. Ba bang ba hasanya moriri oa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng (lintja kapa likatse) ka har'a likamore tse ka tlas'a lefatše, e leng se etsang hore squirrel se utloe boteng ba setsomi libakeng tsena. Hangata scarecrows ha e tsotelloe ke liphoofolo, 'me tsela e molemohali ea ho thibela ntho hore e se senyehe ke ho e tlotsa ka ntho e sa thekeng, joaloka pepere e ntšo. Ka nako e 'ngoe ho behiloe lipampiri bakeng sa squirrel, ebe li tsamaisoa hole le hae.

Protein e ka fokotsoa bakeng sa ho fepa ka letsoho. Kaha ba khona ho pata lijo tse setseng, ba tla nka tse ngata ho uena ha u fana. Haeba motho a qala ho fepa squirrel, e tla khutlela ho eona ka letsatsi kamora karolo e ncha. Likatse tse lulang lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapeng kahare ho toropo, ke khale li ithutile hore motho ke mohloli oa lijo. Ha e sa kgothaletswa ho fepa squirrels matsohong a hau - e ka tšoaetsoa ke lefu la seoa kapa maloetse a mang, ho lematsa letsoho la hau kapa ho lematsa ho loma.

Li-squirrel li na le linate tse bohlale ka mokhoa o bohlale. Phoofolo e phunya ka bobeli incisor ho ea sebakeng seo linate e khomaretsoeng ho sona. Mohlahare o ka tlase oa protheine o na le li-halves tse peli tse hokahantsoeng ke mosifa o kopaneng. Ha squirrel e li kopanya hanyane, litheko li khelohela ka mahlakoreng, joalo ka monokotšoai o kenngoeng ka sekoting, khaola linate ka halofo.

Liprotheine li ka baka ho tima ha motlakase, tsa baka mekoloko e mekhutšoanyane ho likarolo tse phahameng tsa motlakase. United States, liprotheine habeli nalaneng li bakile ho theoha ha index ea theknoloji e phahameng ea NASDAQ mme tsa baka moferefere ho Yunivesithi ea Alabama. Hangata li leotsa meno makaleng a sefate, empa li sa khone ho khetholla makala ho lithapo tsa motlakase. Hajoale, ho sebelisoa thebe e khethehileng ea rabara ho sireletsa lithapo.

E 'ngoe ea lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa liprotheine ke lierekisi. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsa morao-rao tse entsoeng ke bo-ramahlale li bontšitse hore trypsin, enthanme e teng lipapaling tse tala, e kena-kenana le ho kenngoa ha liprotheine ka mpeng. Dr. James K. Kieswetter o eletsa squirrels ho fa peanate e halikiloeng. Leha ho le joalo, bo-rasaense ba bang ba re lipeo ka mofuta o mong le o mong, hammoho le lipeo tsa sonobolomo, ha li ntle bakeng sa protheine, kaha li haelloa ke limatlafatsi, ka lebaka leo protheine e ka hlahisang lefu la masapo a metabolic.

1. squirrel fur

Ho rona, setšoantšo se tsebahalang haholo sa squirrel se sefubelu. Empa sena se hole le mefuta eohle ea mebala ea khetho ea sona. Colouring e itšetlehile ka nako ea selemo. Hlabula boholo ba bona bo bofubelu kapa bo sootho, 'me mariha ba bohlooho kapa bo bosootho bo lefifi. Empa mpa, ho sa tsotelehe nako ea selemo, e lula e le bobebe.

Empa har'a bona ho boetse ho na le lipie tse hloekileng tsa 'mala o moputsoa, ​​tse bonojoang ka marang-rang (tse nang le mabone) le liprotheine tsa albino. Ha ba kenya mebala, mokhoa o le mong oa bonoa - haufi le bohareng ba sebaka sa bona sa bolulo, seaparo se apere hantle.

Ka makhetlo a mabeli ka selemo, squirrel e fetola seaparo sa eona. Pele nakong ea selemo - ka Mphalane-Mots'eanong, hape hoetla - ho tloha ka Loetse ho fihlela Pulungoana. Ho qhibiliha ha selemo ho qala ka hlooho le 'mele,' me molting ea hoetla e qala ka mohatla. E tla feta kapele hakae, le hore na seaparo sena se secha se tla ba setle hakae, ho tla itšetleha ka palo ea mehloli ea phepelo le maemo a leholimo.

Squirrel e ntšo

2. Mokhoa oa bophelo

Alfred Bram, ka lebaka la botsibi le boloi ba hae, o ile a bitsa squirrel "monkey" e ka leboea. O tlola habonolo ho tloha sefateng ho ea sefateng. Bolelele ba limithara tse 3-4 ha se tšitiso e kholo ho eena. Ha li le fatše li tsamaea ka mapheo a manyane. Haeba squirrel e utloa kotsi, ka potlako e hloella sefateng se haufi.

Ho tsamaea lefats'eng Ha a ntse a fofa

3. Lihlaha tsa squirrel

Squirrel le moru ke lintho tse peli tse sa arohaneng. O qeta boholo ba bophelo ba hae a le lifateng, ntle le nako ea ho falla le nako ea ho ikatisa. Mona, phoofolo e itlhahisa ka limela tsa lipalesa tsa li-spherical, tse bitsoang li-Guinea. Kapa, ​​ka lebaka la sebapali sa hae sa ho loana le ho ba botsoa, ​​o hlola ka ho se nang letho kapa sehlaha kapa o lula a se na letho.

Squirrel Nest - Guyna

Kahare ho sehlaha ho na le makhasi, moss, joang bo omeletseng kapa makhopho a patsi. Ha ho hlokahala, moo ho hlokahalang ho lokisa, ho hlobolisa le ho haha ​​marulelo. Mariha, likatse tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6 li ka robala sehlaheng se le seng, li futhumatsa le ho koala monyako ka moss. Ka hona, nakong ea mariha a mariha, mocheso sehlaheng o fihla ho li 15 degrees. Ka har'a mariha a batang a batang a tsoang "kamoreng" ea bona a se ke a qhekella.

Ka mokoting

Lerumo lena ha le na sehlaha se le seng. O na le tse 'maloa tsa tsona: bakeng sa ho robala, bana kapa setšabelo ho boemo ba leholimo. Mme hona ha se thato e bonolo, empa tlhokahalo, hobane likokoana-hloko li qala ka potlako sehlaheng mme tsela feela ea ho li tlosa ke ho fetola sebaka sa tsona sa bolulo. Ka nako e 'ngoe squirrel e na le lihlaha tse' maloa ho tloha ho likoto tse 5 ho isa ho tse 15. E tšehali e jara ba banyenyane ka eona.

E tšehali ka squirrel

Sehlaha sa squirrel se na le menyetla e 2 ea ho tsoa: ea mantlha le e setseng, e lebisitsoeng holima kutu, e le hore, haeba ho ka ba kotsi, o ka tsoa kapele mme o balehe sera.

3. Ho falla ha protheine

Qetellong ea lehlabula - qalong ea hoetla, squirrels e qala nako ea ho falla. Ka nako ena, squirrel ha se lihlopha tse kholo tsa lihlopha, empa tsamaea feela. Sesosa se atileng haholo sa ketsahalo ena ke ho haella ha lijo, mollo oa moru kapa komello.

Li-squirrel li ka falla ka bobeli ho ea fihla morung o haufi), le bakeng sa maeto a malelele (ho fihlela ho 100-300 km). Ka nako ena, liphoofolo li ikemiselitse eng kapa eng, esita le ho tšela linōka tse nyane le lihlahla. Ka nako e 'ngoe tsela ea bona e feta metsaneng. Ka bomalimabe, liphoofolo tse ngata nakong ea ho falla li shoa ka lebaka la tlala, serame, tlhaselo ea liphoofolo tse jang kapa hona ho khangoa ke metsi.

4. Lijo

Lijo tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa squirrels ke peo ea li-conifers: phaene, larch, spruce, fir le tse ling. Likhomphutha tsa bona tsa liprotheine li sa sebetse hantle. Kamor'a metsotso e meraro e tla siea sekhahla sa makhakhapha a tsoang khabareng e nyane ea phaene. Ka tekanyo e joalo ea letsatsi le le leng, squirrel e nyane e ka tšolla li-spruce tse 15 le li-conine tse ka bang 100 tsa phaene.

Kobehileng

Ntle le bona, squirrels e thabela ho iphekola ka li-hazelnuts, li-acorn, monokotsoai, letlobo le lipalesa tsa lifate, li-mushroom, li-rhizomes, li-tubers, hammoho le lichens. Nakong ea tlala kapa nakong ea ho ikatisa, ha e nyenyefatse likokoanyana le makhoaba a tsona, hammoho le litsuonyana, mahe le malinyane a manyenyane a litlama. Ka kakaretso, protheine ke li-omnivores.

5. Li-stock

Ba behella ka thoko lijo tse fokolang tse bolokiloeng bakeng sa mariha. Li-squirrel li haha ​​matlo a bolulo ka likoting kapa a patile lijo ka har'a metso, ka mor'a moo ba lebala ka khutso 'me ha ba sa khona ho li hopola. Hona ke ho ikhethang ha mohopolo oa bona. O ba fumana ka phoso, mme o thaba haholo.

Liphoofolo tse ling, linonyana le litoeba tse nyane, li thabela ho sebelisa memori e khuts'oane ea squirrel, 'me ka linako tse ling squirrel e ja litoeba le li-chipmunks, tseo e li fumanang habonolo le tlas'a lehloa le teteaneng.

6. Ho ikatisa

Nakong ea pelehi, ba batona ba ba mabifi haholo ho e mong 'me hangata ba loana. Ho fihlela banna ba 6 ba ka matha ka mor'a mosali a le mong ka nako.

Kamora ho tlolelana, protheine e romelloa ho haha ​​sehlaha sa bana. Letlong le le leng ho na le liphooko tse 3 ho isa ho tse 10, tseo ho tsona ho ntseng ho phela tse 1-4 feela. Leseling a hlaha a le boima ba ligrama tse 8 feela, a hlobotse ka botlalo mme a foufetse. Kamora libeke tse peli, li qala ho koaheloa ke boea, kamora khoeli e le 'ngoe li qala ho bona' me li se li khethiloe sehlaheng. Ho fihlela likhoeli tse 1.5, mme o ba fepa ka lebese. Kamora libeke tse 8-10, ba se ba tlohile lapeng la motsoali. Nako e pakeng tsa malinyane e ka ba libeke tse 13.

Squirrel sa libeke tse peli

7. Lira tsa squirrel

Li squirrel li lula tikolohong ea tsona ea tlhaho ha e sa feteng lilemo tse 4, athe li-zoos li lula ho fihlela lilemo tse 10-12. Mabaka a phapang e kholo ea lilemo ke afe? Taba ea mantlha, libakeng tse sabaletseng tsa moru ho na le liphoofolo tse hlaha tse tla natefeloa ke liphoofolo tsena tse ntle.

Lenaba le kotsi ka ho fetisisa ho squirrel ke pine marten, 'me ho hang ha e na sephooko kapa sephooko. U ntse u ka baleha nonyana haeba u hlokomela hore e atametse. Ho feta moo, maano a poloko ha a tloaelehe haholo: ha ho ka ba le tlhaselo, squirrel e qala ho matha sefateng, e ipata ka nako le nako ha e ipata mahlo a nonyana kamora kutu. Ka lebaka leo, sephooko se tlameha ho fofa sefateng, ka hona se lahleheloa ke nako ea bohlokoa.

Taba ea bobeli, ntle le linonyana tse jang nama le liphoofolo tse ling, liprotheine li bolaoa ke likokoana-hloko le maloetse a fapaneng.

Tlhahiso e 'ngoe:

Letamo le phahameng la Skatovsky

Reservoir Nokeng ea Mechetka

Malapa haufi le motsana Broad-leba

Letša ho Orlyonka ea mehleng

Lizel Noka bakeng sa. Beaver

Matamo a Noka ea Nazarovka le Noka ea Berezina

Sehlekehleke sa Seryodysh (Avian)

Molomo oa Noka ea Tereshka

Volga haufi le Marx

Banka ea Volga le molomo oa noka ea Berezovka

Usovsky river bank Tereshki

Letamo le Lefubelu la Letamo

Liphoofolo tsa sebakeng sa Saratov

Squirrel e tloaelehileng, kapa vexa (lat. Sciurus vulgaris), ke molumo o tsoang lelapeng la squirrel. Moemeli a le mong oa mofuta oa squirrel ho limela tsa Russia. Ka puo ea colloquial le fiction hangata ho thoe ke "squirrel e khubelu." Phoofolo ena e nyane ea maqhubu, e lulang merung ea rona, e khahlisa bana le batho ba baholo ka ponahalo ea eona. Ha e le molao, botle bo harelaneng bo bofubelu bo hangata bo phathahane ka ho hong: ekaba o beha li-mushroom makaleng hore a ome, ebe o hlahloba ka hloko 'me o leka linate tse ntšitsoeng ka leino. Squirrel, esita le mehleng ea khale, e ne e le ntho ea mantlha khoebong ea boea, ehlile, ka mor'a fox ea Arctic. Mme matlalo a hae a ne a sebeletsa e le chip ea mantlha ea ho reka - e tšoeu. Ho tloha mona lebitso la kajeno la phoofolo ena le tsoa.

Ena ke pente e nyane e ntle e nang le 'mele o mosesane le mohatla o futhumetseng o nang le boea. Bolelele ba 'mele oa eona bo boholo ba ho tloha ho 19,5 ho isa ho 28 cm, e' ngoe 2/3 e oelang mohatleng o bataletseng, o bapalang karolo ea mohatla ha o qhoma. Mme squirrel e tlola hantle feela - dimetara tse 3-4 ka mola o otlolohileng mme limithara tse 10-15 tseleng e tlase. Mohlomong a ka ba bonolo habonolo ho eena ka lebaka la boima ba hae bo bobebe - ke 250-340 g feela. Ho ekelletsa moo, maoto le matsoho a hae a molelele haholo ho feta a hae a ka pele, 'me menoana ea hae e na le manala a tenang. Litsebe tse phahameng li na le likhahla tse nyane, tse ikhethang haholo mariha. Li-Vibrissas tse nang le boits'oaro bo ikhethang ha li khabise feela mozle, empa le maoto a ka pele le mpa. Ho rona, setšoantšo se tsebahalang haholo sa squirrel se sefubelu. Empa sena se hole le mefuta eohle ea mebala ea khetho ea sona. Colouring e itšetlehile ka nako ea selemo. Hlabula boholo ba bona bo bofubelu kapa bo sootho, 'me mariha ba bohlooho kapa bo bosootho bo lefifi. Empa mpa, ho sa tsotelehe nako ea selemo, e lula e bobebe ho feta e holimo kapa e pente e tšoeu. Ka makhetlo a mabeli ka selemo, squirrel e fetola seaparo sa eona. Pele nakong ea selemo - ka Mphalane-Mots'eanong, hape hoetla - ho tloha ka Loetse ho fihlela Pulungoana. Ho qhibiliha ha selemo ho qala ka hlooho le 'mele,' me molting ea hoetla e qala ka mohatla. E tla feta kapele hakae, le hore na seaparo sena se secha se tla ba setle hakae, ho tla itšetleha ka palo ea mehloli ea phepelo le maemo a leholimo. Ho mariha a mariha, squirrel e tloaetsehileng e hola boea bo bokhutšoaane hape bo ruruhileng, empa hlabula e fetola sebopeho sa eona, e fetoha e khuts'oane, e thata ebile e sa tloaelehe.

Liprotheine haholo li lula merung e kopaneng le e tsoakiloeng, haholoholo moo u ka fumanang peo, linate kapa li-acorn tse ngata haholo. Ha ba tšabe ho lema ka moetlo le ka ho lula ka boiketlo lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, lirapa le lirapa tsa morara. Mokhoa oa bophelo o haholo oa lepolanka. Squirrel ke phoofolo e monate, e sebetsang.

Nakong ea lehloa ha a na lehloa, le nakong ea kemaro, o qeta nako a le fatše, moo a sisinyehang ho fihlela a le bolelele ba m. Mariha o hloella "holimo" feela. Ha e le kotsing, e ipata merung, hangata e ipata ka moqhaka. E mafolofolo hoseng le mantsiboea, ho tloha ho 60% ho isa ho 80% ea nako ena e sebelisoang ho batla lijo. Mariha a mariha, e tloha sehlaheng nakong ea lijo feela, 'me maemong a leholimo a lehloa le leholimo le lehloa le ka lula nako e telele sehlaheng, e oela mochesong oa halofo ea methapo (leha ho le joalo, ha e oele ka linako tsohle, ho fapana le squirrels, floorhogs kapa chipmunks). Eseng tikoloho, libaka ka bomong li hlahisoa ka mokhoa o fokolang.

Sekhele se tloaelehileng se lula feela lifateng. Merung e lulang e le metala, hangata e lula ka mekoting, e hula liphahlo tse bonolo ho tloha joang, li-lichens tsa patsi le makhasi a omileng moo. Ho li-conifers, e haha ​​lihlaha tse chitja ho tsoa makaleng a omeletseng (hynea), a koaheletsoeng ka hare ka moss, makhasi, joang, boea. Boholo ba sehlaha ke 25-30 cm, e fumaneha fereko makaleng kapa har'a makala a teteaneng bophahamo ba limithara tse 7 ho isa ho tse 15. Squirrel le eona e amohela matlo a linonyana ka boithatelo. Hangata tse tona ha li hahele lihlaha, empa li lula lihlaha tse se nang letho tsa tse tšehali kapa tse ntšo, mashome a mane, makhoaba. E le molao, phoofolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le lihlaha tse 'maloa (ho fihla ho 15),' me ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a mabeli squirrel e fetola sebaka sa eona sa bolulo, ho hlakile, e baleha likokoana-hloko. E tšehali e jara malinyane ka meno. Mariha, lihlopha tse 3-6 tsa mariha li ka qeta mariha sehlaheng se le seng, leha hangata e le liphoofolo tse itšehlang thajana.

Lijo tsa liprotheine li fapane haholo mme li kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 130 ea phepelo, eo bongata ba eona e leng lipeo tsa li-conifers: spruce, phaene e tloaelehileng, kedare ea Siberia, fir, larch.Libakeng tse ka boroa, moo meru ea oak e holang le botala, e fepa li-acorn le li-hazelnuts. Ntle le moo, protheine ena e ja li-mushroom (haholo-holo likhama tse tšehali), lithunthung le makhasi a lifate, monokotsoai, li-tubers le li-rhizomes, li-lichens, limela tsa herbaceous. Kabelo ea bona lijong e eketseha haholo ka ho hloleha ha phepelo e kholo. Hangata, ha diprotheine tse se nang liprotheine li ja lipalesa tsa lipalesa haholo, li baka limela tsena. Nakong ea ho ikatisa, ha e nyenyefatse lijo tsa liphoofolo - likokoanyana le makhoaba a tsona, mahe, malinyane, litlatse tse nyane. Kamora mariha, squirrel ka cheseho e tlotsa masapo a liphoofolo tse shoeleng, e etela marang-rang a letsoai. Lenane la lijo le letsatsi le letsatsi le ipapisitse le nako ea selemo: nakong ea selemo, nakong ea thollo, protheine e ja ho fihlela ho 80 g ka letsatsi, mariha - ke 35 g feela.

Hoa thahasellisa hore li-cone tse anngoeng ke liprotheine li fapana habonolo le tseo li-crossbill kapa li-Woodpeckers li neng li sebetsa ka tsona. Liphoofolo li loma sekala motheong, li siea feela lithupa tse se nang letho ka likala tse 'maloa qetellong.

Bakeng sa mariha, protheine ena e boloka mehloli e menyenyane ea li-acorns, linate, li-cone, e li hulisetsa likoti kapa ho li pata har'a metso, hape e omisa li-mushroom, li e fanyeha makaleng. Ke nnete, o lebala kapele ka matlo a hae a polokelo mme a a fumana ka monyetla mariha, ao liphoofolo tse ling li a sebelisang - linonyana, litoeba tse nyane, esita le bere e hlaha le bere e sootho. Tse ling tsa meroalo ea squirrel li hlaha nakong ea selemo, e leng se tlatsetsang molemong oa ho rengoa ha meru hape. Ka nako e ts'oanang, squirrel ka boeona e sebelisa mehloli ea liphoofolo tse ling (chipmunk, phaine ea phaene, jay, litoeba), eo e e fumanang habonolo le tlas'a lehloa la 1.5 m.

Ho falla ho hoholo ha liprotheine ho bakoa ke komello le mollo oa moru, empa hangata liphoso tsa lijalo ke tsona tse ka sehloohong - lipeo tsa li-conifers le linate. Ho falla ho etsahala hoetla ha lehlabula le hoetla. Hangata, bo-squirrel ba fallela haufi le moru o mong, empa ka linako tse ling ba nka maeto a malelele ho ea ho a malelele - ho fihla ho 250-300 km. Squirrel e sa tsoaneng e ea pele ka lehlakoreng le leng (ka linako tse ling e le boimana ba 100-300) ka bonngoe, ntle le ho theha mehlape e mengata le lihlopha, ntle le litšitiso tsa tlhaho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, liphoofolo tse ngata li khangoa ke metsi, li bolaoa ke tlala, serame le libatana.

Ntle le ho falla ha bongata, squirrel e tšoauoa ka ho falla ha linako tsa selemo ho amanang le phetoho e sa fetoheng ea phepelo le phetoho ea liphoofolo tse nyane ho phela ka tsela e ikemetseng. Keketseho e nyane e qala ka Phato - Loetse le Mphalane - Pulungoana, ka linako tse ling lik'hilomithara tse 70-350 hole le lits'a tsa nesting. Ka phepo, ho falla ho bang teng ka nako ho ka tsamaeang ho fallang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, karolo ea batho ba baholo e lula e le teng, ka lijo tse tloaelehileng ba fetohela ho ja lijo tse nang le khalori e tlase tse nang le fiber e ngata (liphio, lichens, linale, makhapetla a letlobo le lenyane). Ke ka lebaka la sehlopha sena hore palo ea baahi ba moo e khutlisetsoeng.

Liprotheine li ata haholo. Karolong e kholo ea lethathamo la litha tse 1-2 li tlisoa, libakeng tse ka boroa - ho fihlela li-3 literata. Nako ea ho ikatisa, ho latela maemo a leholimo, maemo a lijo le letsoalo la baahi, li qala ho tloha mafelong a Pherekhong - mathoasong a Hlakubele ebe li fela ka Phato-Phato. Nakong ea thipa, banna ba 3-6 ba lula haufi le basali, ba bonts'ang khahlano le bahlolisani - ba lla haholo, ba otla makhakhapha makala ebe ba matha kamora o mong. Kamora ho honyela le ea hlolang, e tšehali e haha ​​sehlaha (ka linako tse ling tse peli), e makhethe ebile e kholo.

Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 35-38, ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 10 li-litre, ka tlase ho litšila tsa bobeli. Li-squirrel tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li hlobotse ebile li foufetse, li boima ba li-g. Moriri oa tsona oa moriri o hlaha ka letsatsi la 14, ba bona feela ka letsatsi la 30-32. Ho tloha motsotso ona, ba qala ho tsoa sehlaheng. Lebese le feptjoa ho fihlela matsatsi a 40-50. Ha a le libeke tse 8-10, mme o tsamaea. Ba fihlella ho kena bohlankaneng ka likhoeli tse 9-12. Ha e se e holile matlakala a pele, e tšehali e fepa le ho nyaloa hape. Nako e pakeng tsa malinyane e ka ba libeke tse 13. Ka Mphalane - Pulungoana, palo ea squirrel e na le 2/3, 'me ka linako tse ling 75-80%, ea li-squirrel selemo.

Lira tsa squirrel ke sephooko, goshawk, pine marten karolong ea Europe ea Russia, e khonehang karolong ea Asia le harza Bochabela bo Hare. Mobu li tšoasitsoe ke liphokojoe le likatse. Le ha ho le joalo, liphokojoe ha li ame boemo ba baahi haholo. Ho matla le ho feta ka bongata ba liprotheine tse se nang phepo le li-epizootic. Li-epizootic hangata li hlaha hoetla 'me boholo ba tsona bo hlaha nakong ea selemo. Liprotheine li shoa ka lebaka la coccidiosis, tularemia, hemorrhagic septicemia, hangata li na le liboko, likhahla le matsetse.

Ha a le botlamuoeng, liprotheine li phela lilemo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 12, empa ka tlhaho, protheine e telele ho feta lilemo tse 4 e se e tsofetse. Kabelo ea liphoofolo tse joalo tlasa maemo a matle ha e fetise 10%.

Squirrel ke phoofolo ea boea ea bohlokoa, e 'ngoe ea lintho tsa mantlha khoebong ea boea Russia. Matsatsing a Soviet Union, phoofolo ena e ne e le ea bobeli feela ho ts'oaroa ka palo ea likheo, empa matsatsing ana, kamohelo ea matlalo e se e batla e le zero.

Tlhaloso ea protheine

Genus Sciurus e kopanya mefuta e ka bang mashome a mararo e fapaneng ka libaka le libaka tsa bolulo, hammoho le 'mala le boholo. Mofuta o tsebahalang haholo naheng ea rona le linaheng lisele ke oa squirrel, kapa Hopsha (Sciurus vulgaris), e nang le tšobotsi ea data ea kantle ho sehlopha sa bo-Mammals.

Ponahalo

Phoofolo e na le boholo bo bonyenyane, mmele o mosesane le o phahameng, hape le mohatla o mofuthu haholo. Bolelele ba 'mele bo boholo ba squirrel e tloaelehileng e ka ba 20-30 cm, mme mohatla o batla o lekana le karolo ea boraro. Phoofolo eohle e holileng ka botona le botšehali ha e felle ho 250-300 g. Hlooho e nyane ka boholo, e chitja ka sebopeho, e na le litsebe tse otlolohileng le tse telele tse khabisang mehele. Mahlo a maholo, a batšo. Nko e na le sebopeho se chitja.

Hoa thahasellisa! Mefuta e tsebahalang ka ho fetesisa ea Helsinki, e fapaneng ka litšobotsi tsa bona tsa kantle, ke Central Russia le North European, West Siberian le Bashkir, Altai le Yakut, Transbaikal le Yenisei, squirrels tsa Sakhalin, hammoho le Teleut.

Makhoakhoa a litoeba a boreleli haholo, a nang le mehatla e bohale le e kobehileng, 'me lipekere tsa kapele-pele li bokhutšoanyane ho feta maoto le matsoho a morao. Mpa, mpa le bokapele bo koahetsoe ka melumo, e emeloang ke moriri o thata o etsang tšebetso ea methapo. Lehlabuleng, boea ba squirrel bo thata ebile bo bokhutšoaane, 'me ha mariha a qala mariha a fetoha ka mokhoa o hlakileng - o ba mosesane mme o telele, o bonolo o lekane.

'Mala oa Wool

"Robo" ea squirrel e tšoauoa ka 'mala o fapaneng, o itšetlehileng ka ho khetheha ka sebaka sa bolulo ba segwera le nako, hammoho le litšobotsi tsa mofuta oa phoofolo ea tonanahali. Mohlala, lehlabula squirrel se tloaelehileng se na le boea bo bofubelu kapa 'mala o bofubelu,' me mariha seaparo se ba le lithane tse putsoa, ​​tse ntšo le tse sootho. Leha ho le joalo, mpa ea vexa e na le mahlaseli a bobebe selemo ho pota.

Sebopeho le mokhoa oa bophelo

Li squirrel ke baemeli ba tloaelehileng ba moru, ka hona, tlhaho e file litoeba tsena ka "litsebo" tse lumellanang tseo li li hlokang ho phela maemong a thata joalo. Boholo ba bophelo bo sebelisoa ho li-squirrel tsa morung lifateng.

Liphoofolo tse nyane lia thekesela, ka hona li khona ho tsamaea habonolo ho tloha semeleng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Metsoako ea liphoofolo e limithara tse ngata e re hopotsa ka sefofane se hlophisitsoeng. Ka lebaka la maoto le matsoho a hloahloeng a nts'etsopele hantle, "rodent e fanoa ka sekhahla se matla, 'me mohatla le mohatla o moholo li sebeletsa phoofolo joalo ka lebili le tsamaiso le parachute ka nako e ts'oanang.

Hoa thahasellisa! Maemo a mabe bakeng sa bo-'mampuli a qobella phoofolo hore e tlohe libakeng tse ahileng ho eona ebe e ea batla sebaka se secha, 'me lisosa tsa mantlha tsa ho falla hangata li emeloa ke khaello ea lijo, komello kapa mollo oa moru.

Holim'a lefats'e, liphoofolo tse nyane le tse futhumetseng ha li ikutloe li khutsitse, kahoo li leka ho tsamaea ka tlhokomelo e kholo, li etsa bokhutšoanyane bo ikhethang. Ka ho tseba kotsi, protheine e nyolohela hang hang sefateng, moo e batlang e sireletsehile ka ho felletseng.

Mefuta ea Li squirrel

Mofuta oa squirrel o emeloa ke mefuta e 'maloa:

• Squirrel sa Aberta (Mohloli oa litaba oa Sciurus) Bolelele ba 'mele ke 46-58 cm,' me mohatla o kahare ho cm 19-25. E na le mahloele litsebeng, boea bo botšo ka khoele e 'mala o mofubelu ka morao,
• Guiana squirrel (Litekanyetso tsa bo-rasaense) Bolelele ba mmele ha bo fetang 20 cm, mme mohatla o bolelele ba cm 18.3. Boea bo botšo bo bosootho ka 'mala.
• Allen squirrel (Sciurus alleni) Bolelele ba 'mele - bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 26.7, le mohatla - 16,9 cm.Kore ka morao le mahlakore a mmala o moputsoa o sootho, o bohlooho bo botšo le boea bo ntšo
• Caucasian, kapa squian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). Bolelele ba 'mele - bo sa feteng kotara ea metara ka bolelele ba mohatla - 13-17 cm.' Mala o boreleli hape o tšoana hantle, o sootho ka lehlakoreng le holimo le "chestnut-brown" mahlakoreng,
• Squirrel se entsoeng ka khauta (Sciurus aureogaster) Bolelele ba 'mele - 25,8 cm, mohatla - eseng ho feta 25,5 cm,
• Karolinskaya (bohlooho) squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Bolelele ba 'mele bo kahare ho cm 38.0-52.5, mme mohatla ha o fetang mita kotara. 'Mala oa boea bo botšo kapa botšo,
• Squirrel Depp (Sciurus deppei) Mofuta ona o emeloa ke subspecies S.d. Deppei, S.d. Matagalpae, S.d. melevallensis, S.d. likhathatso le S.d. vivax
• Mollo, kapa squirrel se tukang (Maqhubu a fihlang a Sciurus) Bolelele ba mmele ke 27.4 cm mme mohatla o cm 31. Boea hloohong le litsebe li bofubelu, karolo e kaholimo ke ea bohlooho-putsoa le e ntšo, 'me mpa e tšoeu.
• Squirrel se nang le 'mala o moputsoa (Sciurus gilvigularis) Bolelele ba 'mele ha bo fetang 16,6 cm, mme mohatla o 17.3 cm. Boea bo ka morao bo bofubelu bo bokhubelu ka moriri o moputsoa,' me mpa e na le 'mala o bofubelu ba' mala oa lamunu.
• Tai e khubelu, kapa Seqhoqhoana sa Novogradnaya (Sciurus granatensis) Bolelele ba 'mele bo kahare ho cm 33-52, mme mohatla ha o fetang cm 14-28. Boea ka morao bo bofubelu bo lefifi, empa bo ka ba bohlooho, bo bosehla bo botala kapa bo sootho bo lefifi,
• Gray squirrel e ka bophirimela (Sciurus griseus) Bolelele ba 'mele ke 50-60 cm, mme mohatla o bolelele ba cm 24-30. Boea bo ka morao ke silivera e bosootho bo botala,' me mpa e na le 'mala o mosoeu o hloekileng.
• Squirrel Bolivian (Sciurus ignitus) Bolelele ba 'mele bo ka ba cm 17-18, mme mohatla ha o fetang cm 17. Boea bo ka morao bo loantsoe bo sootho, mohatla o na le' mala o mofubelu, 'me mpa e na le' mala o bofubelu-bosootho,
• Naharre squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis) Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm cm 28-30,' me mohatla o ka ba cm cm 27-28. Boea bo bonolo, bo na le 'mala o bofubelu bo botšo mokokotlong,
• Ntsho, kapa squxrel squirrel (Sciurus niger) Bolelele ba 'mele bo ka ba 45-70 cm, mme mohatla o kahare ho cm 20-33. Boea bo bobebe bo bosehla bo bosehla kapa bo bosootho bo lefifi,' me mpa ke bobebe,
• Squirrel sa Motley (Sciurus Varigatoides) Bolelele ba 'mele ha bo feta 22 cm cm, mme mohatla o kahare ho cm 23-33. Boea bo ka ba le mebala e fapaneng.
• Yucatan squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis) Bolelele ba mmele bo kahare ho 20 cm cm, mme mohatla o boemong ba cm cm 17-19. Ka morao ho na le boea bo botšo ka 'mala o motšo le o mosoeu. Tummy ke lehlabathe kapa bohlooho.

Le ithutile hantle Squirrel oa Arizona (Sciurus arizonensis), Collie squirrel (Sciurus colliaei) le Squirrel sa Majapane (Sciurus lis).

Habitat, sebaka sa bolulo

Squirrel sa Aberta ke moahi oa libaka tse nang le likhohola tse ngata karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ea United States, 'me hangata e fumanoa libakeng tse' maloa tsa Mexico. Li-squirrel tsa Guiana li khubung ea naha ea Amerika Boroa, li lula ka leboea-bochabela ho Argentina, li lula Brazil, Guyana, Suriname le Venezuela, moo li fumanehang merung le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa toropo.

Squirrel ea Persia ke ea seoa sa Isthmus sa Caucasus le Middle East, ke moahi oa lihlekehleke tsa Transcaucasia, Bophirima le Asia Minor, Iran, lihlekehleke tsa Gokchead le Lesbos tse Leoatleng la Aegean. Li squirrel tsa Arizona li lula libakeng tse phahameng bohareng ba Arizona, le Sonora ea Mexico le bophirima ho New Mexico. Li-squirrel tse nang le lehong la khauta li rata libaka tse ka boroa le tse bochabela tsa Mexico, hape li kotsing ea ho ea Guatemala. Mefuta e tlisitsoe ka boomo ho Florida Keys. Liroto li fumanoa libakeng tse tlaase ho isa ho 3800 m le litoropong.

Hoa thahasellisa! Li-squirrels tsa Carolina - baahi ba tloaelehileng ba bochabela ho Amerika Leboea, ba lula sebakeng se ka bophirima ho bethe ea noka ea Mississippi ho ea fihla moeling o ka leboea oa Canada.

Squirrel e putsoa ea bohlooho e hasane hantle lebopong le ka bophirima la Amerika, ho kenyeletsoa le libaka tsa Washington, California le Oregon. Palo e fokolang ea batho e fumanoa libakeng tsa meru tsa Nevada. Yucatan squirrel ke moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa liphiri tsa Hloahloeng ea Yucatan, 'me baahi ba bang ba lula merung e matla ea tropike ea Mexico, Guatemala le Belize.

Squirrel ke seoa sa Mexico, se pharalletse, empa ka bongata bo fokolang ba batho ba fokolang joalo. Mofuta ona o fumanoa hangata merung e teteaneng e tlokomang le libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo. Ho felisoa ha Costa Rica, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras le Guatemala, Nicaragua le Mexico ho kenyelletsa Deppa squirrel, 'me squirrel ea fox e hasane hohle Amerika Leboea.

Liprotheine tse 'mala o moputsoa li lula Amerika Boroa. Liroto tse nyane joalo li lula ka leboea ho Brazil, Guyana le Venezuela. Baemeli ba mofuta oa squigrel oa Bolivia ba fumanoa libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo feela ho la Brazil le Bolivia, Colombia le Argentina, hammoho le Peru. Li-squirrel tsa Majapane li ka fumaneha lihlekehlekeng tsa Japane, 'me lihlopha tsa lihlopha tsa Nasari li lula ka boroa-bochabela ho Arizona, hammoho le Mexico.

Lijo tse nang le protheine ea lijo

Mefuta eohle ea protheine e ja feela lijo tsa limela, tse nang le mafura, liprotheine le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Nako e thata ka ho fetisisa ea pente ea fluffy e qala mathoasong a selemo, ha peo e patiloeng ka hoetla e qala ho mela ka matla mme e sa tlo hlola e sebelisoa e le liphoofolo ka lijo. Likhoeling tsa selemo, squirrels li qala ho fepa ka makhapetla a lifate tse fapaneng.

Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore liprotheine ha se liphoofolo tse tlatsetsang ka botlalo ebile li makatsang. Ntle le peo, linate, li-mushroom le litholoana, hammoho le mefuta eohle ea limela tse tala tse tlokomang, liphoofolo tse joalo tse anyesang li ka ja likokoanyana, mahe esita le linonyana tse nyane hammoho le lihoho. Hangata, lijo tse joalo li tsebahala ka lihlopha tsa linaha tse lulang naheng ea tropike.

Lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

• li-mushroom tse sa tsoa khuoa le tse omisitsoeng
• peo ea li-cones
• linate
• acorns
• litholoana tse butsoitseng
• monokotsoai o butsoitseng
• letlobo, lithunthung, makhapetla a sefate,
• metsoako e khethehileng bakeng sa litoeba tsa lapeng.

Li-squirrel li nkoa e le liphoofolo tse bohlale haholo ka lebaka le utloahalang, ka hona, haufi le libaka tsa bolulo li khona ho sebelisa lijo tse tsoang ho linonyana bakeng sa lijo, 'me ka linako tse ling li lula le ka likamoreng tsa mansard. Hangata, likotoana tse joalo tsa boholo bo bonyenyane li khetholloa e le likokonyana tse senyang lijalo.

Leha ho le joalo, linate li nkoa e le monate o ratehang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa squirrels. Ka bohlale phoofolo e kenella litsing tsa eona tse peli tse tlase sebakeng sa khokahano ea linate le makala. Ho haellana ha likarolo tse peli tsa mohlahare o ka tlase, o hokahaneng le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ho baka karohano e nyane ea lintho tse sa bonahaleng ka mahlakoreng a fapaneng, e le hore mohloa o aroloe ka halofo.

Ho ba le bana

Sebakeng, tlasa maemo a tlhaho, litsuonyana li tsoala malinyane a mabeli ka selemo, 'me ho tloha ho malinyane a mabeli ho isa ho a leshome ho hlaha malinyane a le mong. Nako ea kemolo ho basali ba mefuta e fapaneng ea liprotheine e fapana haholo. Mohlala, ho squirrel se tloaelehileng, bana ba hlaha ka matsatsi a ka bang 22- 39, 'me ka bohlooho - bo-squirrel ba hlaha hoo e ka bang khoeli le halofo.

Li-squirrel li ama maikutlo haholo, li bonolo ebile li lerato ho bo-mme. Tse tona ha li ele hloko li-squirrel tse tsoetsoeng, ka bobeli ba botlamuoeng le maemong a tlhaho. Masea a foufetseng le a hlobotseng a tsoaloang hang-hang a pota-potiloe ke mocheso oa bo-mme mme a fepa lebese la ona. Nako le nako, ha e tloha sehlaheng sa eona, e tšehali e tlameha ho koahela li squirrel tsa eona ka hloko ka litšila tse futhumatsang moea.

Lira tsa tlhaho

Lira tsa tlholeho, bo-squirrel, maemong a tlhaho, li emetse lefapha le lenyenyane fatše, hape li ka ipata ka makhasi kapa tsa shebella liphofu tsa tsona li baleha leholimong. Liphiri le liphokojoe hangata li tsoma liphoofolo. Leha ho le joalo, hangata liphoofolo tse jang tse ngata li khona ho tšoasa liphoofolo tse kulang le tse fokolang, le tse tšehali kapa tse anyesang tse tšehali.

Hoa thahasellisa! Mefuta e meng ea squirrel hangata e tsongoa ho sebelisa nama ea letsoho bakeng sa lijo kapa ho thibela tšenyo ea lijalo tsa poone le lijalo tse ling.

Moru le martens tse jang nama ho squirrel tsa Persia, le lihlopha tse sa tsoa tsoaloa tse ngata haholo li senngoa ke lerato. Hoo e batlang e le sephooko sohle le goshawk, hammoho le tse tsofetseng esita le likatse tse hlaha kapa tse malapeng, ke lira tse bohale tsa squirrel. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele li bonts'a, libatana tse joalo ha li khone ho fana ka tšusumetso e kholo ho boemo bo akaretsang ba baahi ba litso tsa tlhaho.

Bongata ba squirrels tsa Arizona le bona bo nyane. Mofuta ona oa li-rodent o arolelana sebaka se le seng le setho sa hae se haufi - Aberta squirrel, e bakang tlholisano e matla mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa lijo. Li-chipmun le litoeba, libere le ho se sutumetse, hares le linonyana li qothisana lehlokoa le liphoofolo tse qothisanang lehlokoa le liphoofolo, tse etsang hore li batle lijo haholo. Ts'ebetsong ea tlholisano e matla bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lijo, palo e kholo ea bo-'mampuli ba baholo le liphoofolo tse nyane lia shoa.

Boemo ba baahi le mefuta ea tsona

Liphoofolo tse mafolofolo li khahla haholo litsomi tse ngata tse nkang mofuta o joalo ka mohloli oa boea ba boleng bo holimo. Squirrel sa Allen joale se se se le kotsing ea ho felisoa ka botlalo, ka lebaka la ho rengoa ha meru le ho tsoma, ka hona mofuta ona o tloaelehile feela ho Сumbrеs de Monterey National Park. Palo ea lihlopha tsa squirrel tsa Persia e tlaase haholo ebile e tlase ka ho fetoha ha maemo a tlhaho a tlhaho, a itšetlehileng ka ho toba ho biotope. Squirrel e ntso ea Delmarv le eona e kotsing ea ho timela ka ho phethahala, athe squirrel e tloaelehileng e se e thathamisitsoe ho Red Book.