Kapelin, kapa uek (lat. Mallotus villosus) - litlhapi tse khabisitsoeng ka leoatleng la lelapa le qhibilihang (Osmeridae).
Sekala se nyane haholo. Mohala oa morao o fihla mokokotlong oa qetello ea qetellong ea chelete ea dors kapa esita le morao o ka morao. Ho banna, nakong ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, ka mahlakoreng ho na le likhaba tse peli tsa bolelele bo bolelele, bo boea, bo boholo. Meno a manyane, ha ho na canine-like. Gill stamens 32-43. Lisebelisoa tsa li-pyloric 4-9. Vertebra (62) 63-73 (42-47 + 21-27). D P-IV 10-14 (kakaretso 14-17), A (I) III-VI17-22 (kakaretso ea 22-26), P 15-20 (North Atlantic capelin), B 12-16, A 19-24, P 15-18 (Bochabela bo Hare capelin).
Li-smelt tse nyane, Hypomesus, e tšoauoa ka sekala se seholo le molomo o monyane. Smelt, Osnierus, e lateloang ke likala tse kholo (tse ka tlase ho likala tse 80 ka mola oa morao), molomo o moholo le boteng ba meno a mang a bopehileng joaloka sebopeho sa moea (Asia smelt). Tsohle li fofonela habonolo ho fapana le capelin e nang le borikhoe bo bokhutšoaane bo bobebe (e seng ho feta marang-rang a 15).
Karolo e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Atlantic ho tloha Gulf of Manx (batho ba se nang balekane ho tloha Cape Cod) le ho tloha Trondiefjord ho isa Greenland, Svalbard le Novaya Zemlya. Leoatle la Kara. Leoatle la Laptev. Pacific Leboea ho tloha ho jalang. Korea, Hokkaido le Vancouver ho ea Bering Strait. Naheng ea Russia, capelin e lula leoatleng la Barents, White le Kara-bophirima. Majapane, Okhotsk, Bering, Chukchi le Laptev - ka bochabela. Ka bochabela, e theha subs subsies ea M. villosus socialis.
TLHOKOMELISO E MOHOLO
Ho fafatsa litlhapi tsa metsing tse lulang sebakeng sa pelagic (likarolo tse holimo le mokolokoto oa metsi) leoatle le bulehileng le bongata bo atamelang mabopong nakong ea limela. Litlhapi tsa metsi a batang (arctic).
Lebopong la bophirima la Leoatle la Atlantic, capelin e hlaha ka selemo le lehlabula. Spawning e tlalehiloe ka Mphalane - Mots'eanong le Fundy Bay, ka Hlakubele - Mmesa - pela lebopo le ka boroa la Iceland, ka (Mots'eanong) Phupu - Phupu (Phato) - Lebopong la St. Lawrence Bay, haufi le Newfoundland, Labrador, Greenland le lebopong le ka leboea la Iceland. Haufi le mabopong a bochabela, ho hlaha hoa hlaha nakong ea selemo, lehlabula le hoetla. Ka Hlakubele - Mmesa (Mots'eanong) capelin e hlaha lebopong la Norway, Finmarken le Murman bophirima (selemo sa capelin), ka Phuptjane - Phupu - hammoho le Murman o bohareng le bochabela, Leoatleng le Letšo le Bohemian Bay (capelin ea Lehlabula), ka Phato - Hlakubele - setereke sa Cheshko-Kolguyevsky le haufi le Novaya Zemlya (capelin ea hoetla).
Leoatleng la Pacific, ho hlaha hoa hlaha ka bophirima nakong ea selemo (Mphalane - Mots'eanong - Leoatleng la Japane, haufi le Sakhalin e ka boroa) le lehlabula (Mots'eanong - Phupu - Leoatleng la Okhotsk, Phuptjane - Phupu - lebopong le ka bochabela la Kamchatka, ka bochabela ho Sakhalin, sebakeng sa Anadyr Bay), le ka bochabela (Alaska, Sehlekehleke sa Vancouver) - ka Phato - Mphalane. Leoatleng la Laptev, capelin e haulang e ile ea rekisoa ka Loetse.
Nakong ea ho saroloha, ba batona ba babeli ("mabala") ba tsamaea le mosali e mong le e mong ("roe"). Caviar e kenngoa botebong ba limitara tse 'maloa ho isa ho makholo a' maloa; Leoatleng la Barents, hangata e le botebo ba 25-75 (100) ka mocheso oa metsi a ka bang 2-3 ° le letsoai la (33,8) 34- 35%. Libaka tse bulehileng li fumaneha holim'a lehlabathe le lehlabathe, libakeng tse ntle haholo.
Ka Leoatleng la Pacific, maemo a mang a tebileng le a mocheso a phatsimang a hlokomeleha: Pacific capelin e hlaha ho Peter the Great Bay le haufi le Fr. Vancouver haufi le molapo o phoroselang, mochesong oa metsi oa 2-4 ° le 10-12 °, ka ho latellana. Spelning capelin e hlaha lebopong la Bochabela bo Hare ka mocheso oa metsi oa 0,6 -1.5 °, ka bongata ho 2 °, 'me e tloha lebopong ha mocheso oa metsi o fihla ho 4 °. Ho qala ha Primorye ho ne ho tlalehiloe mantsiboea kapa bosiu, nakong ea sefefo se phahameng, botebong ba limithara tse 1-2. Caviar e ne e behiloe lehlabatheng le betliloeng kapa lehlohlojane.
Moalo oa "caprein" ea Leoatle la Barents ke 6.2-11.9 (13.4) mahe a likete, karolelano ea likete tse 9.2, tsoalo ea Japane ke mahe a likete tse 15,3,0,9, e leng karolelano ea likete tse 26,2.
Tlhapi ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ea capelin
Mahe a entsoe ka lehare. Bophara ba mahe ana ke 0,8-1.2 limilimithara, karolo ea boraro ea mahe e fifalitsoe ke lehe 'me e etsa sebopeho sa "pigment cap". Nako ea nts'etsopele ke matsatsi a 28 ka mocheso oa metsi oa 6-10 °. Ha ho hatched, li-larvae li na le bolelele ba (4.3) 5-7 mm.
Kholik ea qhibiliha ha lehola le fihla ho bolelele ba limilimithara tse tšeletseng, mahlaseli a makhopho a hlaha lehloeng le bolelele ba 17-20 mm. Makhoaba a na le 'mele o molelele, o tlase' me a tšoana haholo le makhoaba a herring. Limela tse bolelele ba 30-60 mm li feta metamorphosis, butle-butle li shebahala joaloka tlhapi e moholo. Ha e sa le qalong, makhopho a phallela lebopong a leba leoatleng le bulehileng.
Fry ea selemo le ea lehlabula la Barents Sea capelin e fihla ho 2540 mm ka bolelele ka hoetla. Tse tona tse holileng ka thobalano ("ligalase") li fihla ka boholo bo fetang ba tse tšehali ("mahe"): bolelele ba tsona kaofela li fihla ho 22 cm (tsehali - 18 cm). Bolelele bo tloaelehileng le boima ba capelin e holileng ke: tse tona tse 13-19 cm le 18-23.4 (36) g, tse tšehali -11-17 cm le 11.3-11.6 (20) g. Boima bo tloaelehileng ho Murman ke 12,4- 16.9 g E fihlella ho kena bohlankaneng ha motho a le mong ho isa ho lilemo tse tharo, e leng seoelo lilemo tse 'ne. Karolo ea selemo ea selemo e kholo ebile e tsofetse ho feta hlabula.
Yaponomorskaya capelin e na le bolelele (ho fihla ho notch C) ea 13-21 cm le boima ba 18-65 g, tse tšehali tse lilemo li peli li na le bolelele ba bolelele ba 155-165 mm, tse tona li 175 - 17 mm, li le lilemo li tharo ka ho latellana, 165-191 le 190- 194 mm (Peter the Great Bay, 1943-1945).
Capelin: ke eng matla a maholo a tlhapi e nyane
Capelin o fepa ka zooplankton, Leoatleng la Barents, haholo-holo ke li-crustaceans: Calanus (Calanus finmarchicus) le mahlo a batsho (Eupb.ausiidae, Rhoda, jj), ho feta moo, li-crustaceans tse ling (Copepoda, Hyperiidae), shrimp larvae, arrow worms (Sagitta ), cod roe, joalo-joalo. Sebopeho sa lijo se ts'oana hantle le sa herring, leha ho le joalo, ho fapana le herring, capelin ha e emise ho fepa mariha. Leoatleng la Japane, e fepa haholo ka li-crustaceans: Metridia lucens, Hyperiidae, Calanidae, Amphipoda.
Hering, e ts'oanang le capelin ka mofuta oa lijo tse jeoang le mofuta oa libaka tse qalang, empa e le tlhapi e ratang ho chesa haholo. Nakong ea mariha, sebaka sa kabo ea capelin sea atoloha ka lebaka la ho fokola ha sebaka sa phepelo ea herring; ka lilemo tse futhumetseng, ketsahalo e fapaneng e bonoa.
Litlhapi tse jang nama, haholo-holo ea cod, e jang capelin ho tse ngata mme hangata e latela likolo tsa eona (cod), Balaenoptera whales, gulls.
Ka tloaelo, batho ba lula sebakeng se hole le lebōpo la leoatle, leoatleng le bulehileng, (hangata ba phela ka tsela e sa utloahaleng le e nyarosang). Hangata, malinyane a banna a atamelana ho feta mehlape ea basali. Hangata ho tla fihla lebopong la leoatle, 'me maqhubu a boholo ba batho a bo lahlela lebopong. Ka nako e 'ngoe ho tla le molumo o lebisang libakeng tse tlase tsa linoka (Noka ea Teriberka ho Murman, jj.).
Leoatleng la Barents, "capelin ea selemo" e tsoa leboea ka Hlakubele - Mots'eanong (Mots'eanong) ho hlaha mabopong a Finmarken le Murman bophirima, capelin ea lehlabula ho tloha leboea-bochabela ho ea bohareng le bochabela ho Murman, capelin ea hoetla e haola le mabopo a Leoatle la Barents, ho fihla ka Phato - Loetse ho ea ho Novaya Zemlya le setereke sa Cheshko-Kolguyevsky. Nako ea mekhoa le boholo ba mehlape e loketseng ea capelin lia fapana ebile li itšetlehile haholo ka ho fetoha ha mocheso le maqhubu.
Ho thunya ha capelin ho fifala le ho fifala ka nako e khuts'oanyane lebopong, 'me ka mor'a nakoana ba leba leoatleng le bulehileng. Mefuteng e meng ea Norway, leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho na le mehlape e nyane ea matlo a bolulo, ao e seng a ho falla.
LITLHAKU TSA MOBOKA
Naheng ea Russia, capelin e emisitsoe lebopong la Murman, ho tloha ho likete tse 'ne ho isa ho tse 10 (pele ho Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše), le lebopong la leoatle la Bochabela bo Hare, moo ba seng ba qalile ho ela hloko ho tšoasa litlhapi tsena haufinyane. Likatse tse Primorye li fihletse lithane tse likete tse 104 tsa capelin ka selemo.
Lebopong la Norway, batšoasi ba litlhapi ba fihla ho ba likete tse 70-137, ho Canada - likete tse likete tse 16, ho la Greenland (karolong e ka boroa) - batho ba fetang likete tse 7,5, mme capelin le eona e tsongoa naheng ea Iceland le Newfoundland.
Li-stock tsa Capelin maoatleng a rona li kholo haholo. Leoatleng la Barents, ho ahlola ka tšebeliso ea capelin ke capelin, bongata ba eona bo hakanyetsoa ho limilione tsa bo-ralitima. Ntle ho pelaelo, ho na le libaka tse bolokiloeng ho feta Bochabela bo Hare, moo sekepe sa lebopo, ka linako tse ling se bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa, se ka koaheloang ka lepe le leholo la capelin le lahliloeng ke maqhubu.
Nts'etsopele ea ho tšoasa litlhapi e sitisoa haholo ke ho se lumellane ha mekhoa ea capelin.
Ts'ebetso ea capelin ea lefats'e ka 1950-2010 (lithane)
Mahlale le mokhoa oa ho ts'oasa lihlapi
Capelin e tsongoa nakong ea ha e ntse e atamela mabopong, hangata haufi le mabopo a lehlabathe ka bonolo. Hangata li tšoaroa ke matlooa a matlo a marang-rang a boholo ba zakidnye le matlooa a maholo. Naheng ea Norway, ba boetse ba tšoasa matlooa a lireng (200x40 m, mesh - 13 mm), 'me ba sebelisa matlooa a notleloang (Vadsø).
Naheng ea Rashea, ba ts'oasa marangoana a Murman zakidnye nalshvochny, 'me ka mokhoa oa boiphihlelo, ba tseba ho patala. Bochabela bo Hare, ba tšoasa li-zakidnye net le net.
Capelin e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse telele tsa cod, tse jeoang le lijo tsa ntja (Greenland), tse sebetsoang lijong tsa litlhapi. Likahare tse nang le mafura a nama ke 2-4% (se nang le mafura a litlhapi kaofela 11-12%).
Joalo ka ja lijo tse ncha le ice cream. Li jeoa tse sa tsoa khuoa, tse tsubeloang le tse khaotsoang hammoho le li-sprats tse khabisitsoeng. Ho tlatsa ho fana ka sehlahisoa se boleng bo tlaase. E boetse e lokiselitsoe ka foromo e omisitsoeng le e omisitsoeng. Mofuta oa capelin o mocha le o sa tsubeloang o monate haholo.
Ho la Russia, ho Murman e se e sebelisoa haholo ha e le bohobe. Bakeng sa lotho ea bareng e le ngoe ea cod (150 li-hook) ke karolelano. 2,2 kg ea capelin. Ka Bochabela bo Hare, capelin e ne e jeoa e sa tsoa omisoa kapa e omisitsoeng. Tse ling tsa likatse li nkuoa hore e be lijo tsa lijo tsa tlhapi.
Litlhapi tsa capelin kapa ueck (lat.Mallotus villosus)
Mohlape oa litlhapi tsa pelagic, o iphepa ka li-crustaceans tsa planktonic, o etsa tlholisano e matla ho salmon ea herring le ea bana.
Capelin ke mofuta oa tlhaho oa metsing, o lulang leoatleng le bulehileng, metsing a ka holimo a metsi (ho fihlela ho 300 m, ka seoelo 700 m). E fihla lebopong feela nakong ea ho mela, ka linako tse ling e bile e kena le linōkeng tsa linoka.
Pele a tsoala, capelin e bokana likolong tse kholo, tse qalang ho atamela mabopong. Likarolong tse fapaneng tsa mokokotlo, e hlaha ka linako tse fapaneng, ho tloha nakong ea selemo hoetla. Likolo tsa capelin tse il'o saroloha li lateloa ke mehlape ea makhooa a likhokho, matata, liqibi le maruarua. Ka meea e matla, maqhubu a akhela "capelin" e tsoang lebopong: Bochabela bo Hare, ka linako tse ling lebokose la leoatle le koaheloa ke karolo ea capelin e lahletsoeng ke maqhubu a lik'hilomithara tse ngata.
Libaka tse bulehileng li fumaneha holim'a lehlabathe le lehlabathe, mabopong a sa tebang le a haufi le moeli oa metsi. Meroalo ke mahe a 6-12 likete, caviar ea tlase, e khang. Mahe a na le mosehla o bobebe, o bophara ba 0.5-1.0 mm. Ho qhotsoa ha lisele ho etsahala ka mor'a matsatsi a 28; hona joale e li isa leoatleng le bulehileng. Capelin e haellang e boetse e ea leoatleng le bulehileng. Ho hlohlona hangata ke 1, hangata ka makhetlo a mabeli bophelong, capelin e ngata e timela kamora ho mela. Capelin e ba le lilemo tse 2-3, e le tse tona kamora selemo ho feta tse tšehali.
Lintlha
- ↑ 12Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russian T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. Poleloana ea lipuo tse peli ka mabitso a liphoofolo. Litlhapi. Latin, Russian, Senyesemane, Sejeremane, Sefora. / E hlophisitsoe ke Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 71 .-- likopi tse 12 500. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0
Mefuta ea capelin.
Kaha capelin ke moemeli a le mong oa mefuta ea lebitso le le leng, bafuputsi ba bang ba thathamisitse li-subspeces tse peli ho tsona, tse fapaneng feela ka tikoloho ea tsona:
- Atlantic capelin (lat.Mallotus villosos villosus),
- Pacific capelin (lat.Mallotus villosus catervarius).
Capelin (uek) e lula hokae?
Capelin o phela ka metsing a leoatle a botebo ba limilimithara tse 300, maemong a sa tloaelehang a theohela ho 700 m, mme ha ho mohla a kenang ka metsing a linoka le metsi a hloekileng a metsi. Boholo ba litlhapi tsa oyster li qeta leoatleng le bulehileng, li lebile lebopong feela bakeng sa ho qhalla.
Atlantic capelin e lula Leoatleng la Atlantic le Leoatleng la Arctic, e ajoa ho Davis Strait, Labrador, metsing a batang a likhohola tsa Norway le lebopong la Greenland, mabopong a leoatle a Kara, White, Chukchi, hammoho le bolibeng ba Leoatle la Laptev le Barents.
Pacific capelin e lula sebakeng se seholo sa metsi karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Pacific, e lekanyelitsoeng lebopong la Korea le hoo e ka bang. Vancouver ke ea Canada. Mehlape e mengata ea capelin e phutholohile metsing a Bering, Leoatle la Japan le Okhotsk.
Capelin (eck) e ja eng?
Joaloka litlhapi tsohle tsa lelapa le qhibilihileng, capelin ke sebatana. Motheo oa lijo tsa hae ke lijo tse tšoanang le tse phehiloeng ke herring: zooplankton, shrimp larvae le caviar ea litlhapi tse ling. Uek ha a na taba ea ho ja crustaceans tse nyane kapa liboko tsa leoatle. Capelin e lula e le mafolofolo ebile ha e emise ho ja esita le ho qala ha likhoeli tsa mariha.
Capelin spawning.
Nako ea ho sesa ea capelin e itšetlehile ka sebaka seo e lulang ho sona. Mohlala, bakeng sa likolo tsa litlhapi tse jang nama tse jang metsi a ka bophirima ho Leoatle la Atlantic le Pacific, li nka selemo kaofela le selemo, mme bakeng sa likolo tsa Atlantic e ka bochabela, ts'ebetso ena e tsoela pele hoetla. Empa baahi ba boliba ba Pacific bochabela ba tlameha ho etsa tsohle ka likhoeli tse tharo tsa hoetla.
Pele a ea sebakeng seo se fumanehang ho sona, mehlape e menyenyane ea capelin e bokana likolong tse kholo tsa batho ba limilione tse 'maloa. Ka mor'a bona ho na le lira tse sa feleng tsa capelin: litiiso, likhama, mehlape ea likhoho tsa likhoho tsa marako le maruarua. Ka kakaretso, bohle bao tlhapi ena e leng e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa phepelo. Ka linako tse ling maqhubu a maholo, a akhotsoa ke moea o matla, a lahlela mashome a likete le litlhapi tse likete-kete tse koahelang lebopo, le koahetsoeng ka mokolokotoane o motenya oa capelin.
Bakeng sa ho mela, tlhapi ea khale e khetha libaka tse kholo tsa mosamo tse nang le lehlabathe le botebo bo sa tebang, le ha likolo tse ling tsa mabopo li hlaha ka botebo ba limithara tse 'maloa. Metsi a lokela ho ba le oksijene e lekaneng, 'me mocheso oa eona o lokela ho ba ka har'a 2-3 ° C. Hore manyolo a capelin caviar a atlehe, ho hlokahala banna ba babeli ba tsamaeang le basali ho tloha mahlakoreng a mabeli. Tse tona tse nang le mohatla tsa tsona li cheka sekoti lebopong la leoatle kapa lehlabatheng le ka tlase, moo capelin ea basali e behelang mahe. Mahe a lenngoeng a na le bophara ba 0.5 ho isa ho 1,2 mm mme a khangoe haholo, ka hona, a khomarela habonolo holim'a majoe a tlase kapa lehlabathe. Palo ea mahe e itšetlehile ka sebaka seo capelin e lulang ho sona le ho tloha ho likotoana tse likete tse 6 ho isa ho 39,5. Kaha ba na le mahe a tšoailoeng, batho ba baholo ba khutlela moo ba lulang teng. Khafetsa, batho ba se nang balekane ba litlhapi tsa khale tsa khale ba romeloa ho ea chekoa, ho ekelletsa moo, boholo ba bona ba shoa tseleng ea hae.
Ponahalo ea lekhapetla la capelin le bolelele ba limilimithara tse 5 le hlaha hangata ka matsatsi a 28 kamora ho emisoa. Hang-hang li isoa leoatleng le bulehileng, moo li kenang metamorphoses, butle-butle li fetoha litlhapi tsa batho ba baholo. Ka hoetla, li-fry tsa selemo li fihla bolelele ba cm 4. Basali ba capelin ba ba ba holileng tsebong selemong se latelang, mme ba batona ba ka nka karolo molemong oa ho ikatisa kamora likhoeli tse 14-15.
Capelin e bolelang?
Lentsoe "capelin" le na le metso ea khale haholo. E nkiloe lipuong tsa sehlopha sa Karelian-Kifinland. Mantsoe a tšoanang lipuong tsa Sefinnishe le Karelian a bolela tlhapi e nyane e sebelisoang ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa cod. Leha ho le joalo, tlhapi ea capelin e boetse e na le lebitso la boraro - tlhapi ea chaplane.
Tlhaloso ea litlhapi
Litlhapi tsa metsi a letsoai li na le mabitso a mararo, joalo ka ha re se re utloisisa. Capelin ke tlhapi e jang nama. Ke ea lelapa le qhibilihileng.
E na le mmele o phahamileng, o boreleli mahlakoreng. Ka bolelele, e ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 15 ho isa ho 25, mme ka boima - ho fihla ho g, g, g01. Mekalo ho pholletsa le 'mele e batla e le boholo bo lekanang: Tse fumanehang ka mahlakoreng a mpa le moleng oa morao li kholo hanyane feela ho feta tse koahelang mokokotlo. Hlooho ea litlhapi e nyane ka boholo, empa e na le lekhalo le pharaletseng la molomo. Masapo a mohlahare o holimo a fihla bohareng ba mahlo. Ha e le meno, a na le a mangata, a manyane 'me a holile hantle.
Karolo ea litlhapi e nkoa e le makhopho a nang le moeli o motšo. Masiba a pectoral a na le sebopeho se chitja le ho feta, athe mapheoana a dorsal a atolosoa haholo ka morao. Mahlakore le mpa ea tlhapi ea capelin ke silevera e nang le tint e tšoeu, mme mokokotlo o botala.
Phapang lipakeng tsa mosali le e motona
Tlhapi ea Ivok e na le tšobotsi, e nang le phapang lipakeng tsa e tšehali le e tona, tse bonoang ka leihlo le hlobotseng. E tona e na le mafahla a malelele, 'mele oa eona o moholo ho feta' mele oa mosali, 'me hlooho e na le sebopeho se sephara. Nakong ea moalo, makhalo a kang moriri a hola ka lehlakoreng la mpa ho botona, e bophahamo bo bosehla. Ka nako e ts'oanang, nako e telele ea bophelo ea litlhapi ha e sa feta lilemo tse 10.
U ka fumana hokae?
Tlhapi ena e nyane e khetha metsi a leoatle. O lula botebo ba limilimithara tse 300.Maemong a mang, e ka theohela ho 700 m. The smelt uk ha e na ho sesa ka metsi a hloekileng kapa linoka. Sebaka se setle sa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke metsi a leoatle. Ke feela ka nako ea litlhapi moo litlhapi li atamelang haufi le lebopong.
Atlantic capelin e ka fumanoa leoatleng la Arctic le Atlantic. E fumaneha hape ho Labrador le Strait of Davis, lebopong la Greenland, metsing a Leoatle la Chukchi, White, Kara, Barents le Laptev.
Pacific capelin e lula karolong e ka leboea ea leoatle, e haelloang ke sehlekehleke sa Vancouver le lebopo la Korea. Likolo tse ngata tsa tlhapi ena e nyane li ka fumaneha leoatleng la Japane, Bering le Okhotsk.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, litlhapi tsa уuk ke sebatana. Lijo tsa eona li na le makhapetla a shrimp, zooplankton le tlhapi ea tlhapi. Capelin e boetse e ja li-crustaceans tse nyane le liboko tsa leoatle. Kaha уuk ke tlhapi e sebetsang haholo, e hloka matla a mangata. Ke kahoo le likhoeling tse batang capelin e sa emeng ho ja.
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang
Ho ts'oaroa ha capelin ho sebetsa haholo, 'me kaofela ke hobane ke sesebelisoa se amohelehang tafoleng e' ngoe le e 'ngoe. Khafetsa, litlhapi tsa uek li tšoasoa ka bongata, bo ka fihlelang limilione tse 0.5 ka selemo. Taba ha e teng feela ka tatso ea lihlapi tsena, leha li bohlokoa hape. Likahare tsa eona tse tlase tsa khalori li ananeloa haholo, e etsa hore e be motsoako o ka sehloohong lijong tse ngata tsa ja. Nama ea capelin e na le liprotheine tse tlohang habonolo. Likahare tsa bona litlhapi li ka ba 23%. Ntle le moo, kaha ho na le lisele tse fokolang haholo tse amanang le tlhapi, e lokisoa kapele haholo.
Leha ho le joalo, taba ha e felle feela hore capelin ke sehlahisoa sa ho ja le se monate. Har'a tse ling, e ntse e na le thuso haholo. Litlhapi li na le mafura acid. Li ka fokotsa haholo cholesterol, e bokelloang marakong a methapo ea mali. Ho sebelisa capelin khafetsa lijong e ka ba mohato o motle oa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le lichapo, lefu la pelo le ho otla ha pelo.
Nama ea tlhapi ena e na le livithamini A, D, sehlopha B, tse hlokahalang hore 'mele oa motho o sebetse hantle. Litlhapi tsa Ninak li boetse li na le liminerale tse ngata: sodium, potasiamo, phosphorus, e hlokahalang bakeng sa thibelo ea 'dementia' le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kelello ea motho, le iodine e bapala karolo e kholo ts'ebetsong ea tšoelesa ea qoqotho.
Capelin ke sehlahisoa se sa tloaelehang se thathamisang tlhahiso ea tsoekere maling le ho e fokotsa hore e be maemong a tloaelehileng. Joalokaha u bona, tlhapi ea Uyek ke motsoako oa bohlokoa bakeng sa phepo ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho theola boima ba 'mele le batho ba lekolang bophelo ba bona bo botle.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, litlhapi tsa ёuk li na le li-contraindication. Ha ea lokela ho jeoa ke ba nang le mamello e khethehileng. Ha ho kgothaletswe ho ja litlhapi ka bongata bo bongata haholo, kaha ho na le lintho tse ngata tsa "carcinogenic" tse ka tlatsetsang ho hlaha hoa makhopho a mabe. Le ha e sebetsanoa hantle, palo e kholo ea likokoana-hloko e ntse e ka lula ka har'a lihlapi, e leng se ka lebisang tlhabollong ea maloetse a mangata.
Boleng ba moruo
Tlhapi ea tsonak ho Sakhalin e bohlokoa haholo moruong. Pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho re ena ke tlhapi ea khoebo. Li-stock tsa eona li kholo ka tlhaho, ka hona, ho ts'oasa ka lilemo tse ling ho ne ho feta lithane tse limilione tse 4. Ho tloha 2005 ho fihlela ka 2009, litlhapi tsena li ne li ka tloha ho lithane tse likete tse 270-750. Ka selemo sa 2012, ho tšoasoa ha Uyk ea lefatše ho feta lithane tse limilione tse. Tlhapi e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tšoasoa ke batšoasi ba litlhapi ba khoebo. Mmele wa hae o fihla ho 20 cm ka bolelele.
Lintlha tse khahlisang
Toropo ea Russia ea Murmansk selemo le selemo e keteka matsatsi a phomolo ho tlotla tlhapi ena. Mokete ona o etsahala mathoasong a Hlakubele. Ka nako ena, liforong tsa toropo, o ka leka mefuta e mengata ea lijana tsa capelin ebe o li reka ka bongata ka theko e ntle haholo.
Baahi ba Canada qalong ea lehlabula le leng le le leng ha baa tlameha ho ea 'marakeng kapa lebenkeleng ho ea fa beng ka bona sejana se monate sa capelin. E-ea lebopong ebe u fumana litlhapi tse ngata kamoo u li hlokang.
Hloahloeng ea Kola e tumme ka hore palo e kholo ea linonyana teng. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore palo e kholo ea capelin e lula haufi le lebopo, e leng eona mohloli oa lijo bakeng sa baahi ba nang le moriri ba hloahloa.
Ha ke akaretsa taba ena ka capelin, ke kopa ho re tlhapi ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea phepong bakeng sa bohle ba ratang lijana tsa tlhapi. Ha ho khonehe ho hana thepa e ruisang eo e ruileng haholo. Lingaka li khothaletsa ho ja tlhapi ea khauta khafetsa ho thibela khatello ea mali. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebeliso ea capelin khafetsa e ka baka litlamorao tse mpe. Joalo ka ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, ho leka-lekana hoa hlokahala mona. Haeba u rata tlhapi ena haholo 'me u sa batle ho e tlohela, e reke feela ho barekisi ba tšepahalang le ba sa tsoa ba teng. Capelin e tsubileng e tsoang lebenkeleng le haufi ha se sehlahisoa se ka tlisang melemo efe kapa efe 'meleng.
Ponahalo
Capelin e na le tekanyo e nyane haholo. Lesapo la molomo le lenyane. Ho na le meno a manyane molomong. Ka morao ke mmala oa mohloaare o botala ba mmala (setšoantšo se ka tlase).
Capelin o na le "fantorism" ea thobalano. Tse tona li kholo haholo ho tse tšehali (setšoantšo se ka tlase). Li boetse li na le karolo ea anal e nang le setsi se pharaletseng, boholo ba mapheoana 'ohle e kholo,' me nakong ea ho hlaha, e tona e qala ho hlaha ka mahlakoreng a mapheoana, e nang le sekala se seholo. Boholo bo boholo ba capelin ke lisenthimithara tse 15, 'me tebello ea bophelo e fihlile ho lilemo tse 3.
Monna - 1, mosali - 2
Tsamaiso le libaka tsa bolulo
Capelin e tloaelehile hoo e batlang e le metsing ohle a leoatle a ka leboea. E 'ngoe ea lipehelo tse fumanehang libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Leoatle la Atlantic le moeling oa Leoatle la Arctic. Capelin e bopa mehlape ea lehae. Mehlape e mengata haholo e ka fumanoa metsing a Leoatle la Barents, haufi le Great Newfoundland Bank le South Labrador. Hape capelin ke lebopo le enneng la Atlantic ea Amerika Leboea.
Leoatle la Barents le na le capelin e ngata hoo e batlang e le hohle. Libakeng tse ka leboea, litlhapi li oela haufi le mabopong a bochabela a sehlekehleke sa Svalbard. Ka leboea-bochabela e phaphametse ho fihlela Franz Josef Land. Capelin le eona e ka tšoaroa Leoatleng la Kara.
Lijo tsa batho
Lenaneo la capelin le kenyelletsa haholo-holo zooplankton. Ka metsing a Leoatle la Barents, e fepa ka li-crustaceans (calanus le mahlo-a ntso). Ha e hane mahlaku a shrimp, motsu oa motsu. Motsoako o khethehileng ke mofuta oa cod roe.
Lijo tsa capelin li tšoana hantle le menyu ea herring. Leha ho le joalo, ho fapana le herring, capelin e tsoela pele ho fepa mariha. Ka metsing a Leoatle la Japane e fepa haholo-holo ka li-crustaceans. Ha e hana plankton.
Ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa capelin mariha
Ho tsala
Lebopong le ka bophirima la Leoatle la Atlantic, litlhapi li ea hlaha nakong ea selemo le hlabula. Ho qala ha Mmesa, capelin, e lulang haufi le Fandy Bay le lebopong le ka boroa la Iceland, e ea hlaha. Ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho fihlela Phato, capelin e hlaha ho Greenland, sebakeng sa St. Lawrence Bay, Labrador, lebopong le ka leboea la Iceland le Newfoundland. Ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Mots'eanong, capelin ea Norway, Fin-marker le Murman capelin spawn e hlahisoa. Lehlabuleng, ho tloha ka Phuptjane ho isa ka Phupu, li-capelin tsa bochabela tsa Murman le bohareng, hammoho le metsing a Leoatle le Letšo le tikolohong ea Bohemian Gulf.
Haufi le hoetla, pakeng tsa Phato le Mphalane, capelin e hlaha pela New Land. Pacific capelin le eona ea mela, ho latela sebaka seo e lulang ho sona. Libakeng tse ka bophirimela, ho hlaha ho etsahala pakeng tsa Phato le Mots'eanong (Leoatle la Japane, sebaka sa South Sakhalin), ho tloha ka Phuptjane ho isa Phupu - pela lebopo le ka bochabela la Kamchatka, Sakhalin e ka bochabela le Anadyr Bay. Haufi le lebopo la Alaska capelin e qala ho qala ka Phato ebe e fela ka Mphalane, ka Loetse sehlaba sa Leoatle la Laptev.
Nakong ea limela, ho na le banna ba babeli ka mosali, ba tsamaeang le eena. Caviar e ka kenngoa ka bobeli molemong oa metsi le botebo ba limithara tse makholo a mangata; metsing a Leoatle la Barents, caviar e hoholoa ka botebo ba limithara tse 75, mocheso oa metsi ho fihlela likhato tse 3 tsa Celsius le letsoai ho fihlela ho 35%. Ha e le molao, libaka tse bulehileng li fumaneha sebakeng sa mobu o lehlabathe, moo ho nang le aeration e ntle. Pacific capelin e mela ka tsela e fapaneng: e phalla sebakeng sa Peter the Great Bay, hape le pel'a sehlekehleke sa Woncouver ha metsi a futhumala ho fihla ho li-Celsius tse 12. Ho mela ho etsahala haholo bosiu, hangata hangata hoseng le mantsiboeeng a mantsiboea.
Caviar e beoa haholo lehlabatheng, hangata hangata ho lehlohlojane. Ho ata ha batho ba lulang Leoatleng la Barents ho fihlella mahe a fetang likete tse 13 (setšoantšo sa caviar), le batho ba lulang Leoatleng la Japane ba fihla mahe a likete tse 40. Caviar tlase, e khomarelang. Bophara ba mahe ke milimitha e le 'ngoe. Liea ka mahe li mela ka nako ea matsatsi a 28 mochesong oa likhato tse 10 tsa Celsius.
Kamora ho hatch, li-larvae li fihlela bolelele ba limilimithara tse 7. Li-yolk sac lia rarolla ha seretse se hola se fihla ho limilimithara tse 9, 'me mahlaseli a qala ho hlaha ka mokhoa oa ho bata, o seng o le limilimitara tse 20. Lithollo tsa "capelin" li tšoana hantle le lipeo tsa herring: li telele ebile li na le 'mele o fokolang. Qalong, makhoaba a theha nako haufi le lebōpo la leoatle, empa kamora nako e khuts'oane a li khutlisetsa morao ka matla a leoatle.
Furu ea batho ba lulang Leoatleng la Barents, e se e ntse e le likhoeling tse 6 ho hola ho fihla ho 40 millimeter. Tse tona tse kholo li kholo ho feta tse tšehali: bolelele ba batona ba holileng ka thobalano li fihla ho limilimithara tse 22, ka bolelele bo bolelele ba basali ho fihlela lisentimitara tse 18. Tse tona tse mahareng li hola ho fihla ho banna ba lisentimetara tse 19 mme li ba le boima ba ligrama tse 36, mme tse tona li hola ho fihla ho lisentimitara tse 17 mme li nona ka boima ba ligrama tse 20. E fihlella capelin ea ho kena bohlankaneng ha motho a le lilemo li 3. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a mang, ho kena bohlankaneng ho ka nka lilemo tse 4.
Kahoo, capelin, kapa, joalo ka ha e boetse e bitsoa mokolokotoane kapa mokopuli, ke ea lelapa le hlonngoeng. Litlhapi li na le bolelele bo phahameng ba lisenthimithara tse 25 'me li ba boima ba ligrama tse 52. Capelin o phela lilemo tse 10 tse phahameng. Litlhapi li na le sekala se nyane haholo le meno a manyane. Ka morao e pentiloe ka tint e 'mala oa mohloaare,' me likhetla le mpa li pentiloe ka silifera.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa capelin
Capelin ke mohlape oa litlhapi tsa metsing tse lulang metsing a ka holimo a batang a batang. Hangata, o leka ho latela botebo ba limithara tse 300 ho isa ho tse 700. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea peō e khona ho fihla lebōpong 'me ka linako tse ling e sesa le ho sesa ka linoko tsa noka.
Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba qeta nako e ngata ba le leoatleng, lehlabula le hoetla ba etsa maeto a malelele haholo a nako le nako ho ea batla phepelo e ntle ea lijo. Mohlala, capelin, e lulang Leoatleng la Barents le lebopong la Iceland, e nka maeto ka linako tse ling habeli: mariha le selemo e ea lebopong la North Norway le Hola ea Kola e le hore e behe mahe. Lehlabuleng le hoetla, tlhapi ena e ea libakeng tse ka leboea le leboea-bochabela ho ea batla phepelo ea lijo. Baahi ba capelin ba Iceland ba tsamaea nakong ea selemo haufi le lebopo, moo e namang, 'me lehlabula le tloha sebakeng se ruileng sa plankton se pakeng tsa Iceland, Greenland le Jan Mayen Island, eo e leng ea Norway, empa e bohole ba km tse 1000 ka bophirima ho eona.
Ho falla ha nako ea selemo ho amana le maqhubu a leoatle: litlhapi lia latela hore na li ea kae le moo li tsamaisang plankton e jang capelin.
Habitat, sebaka sa bolulo
Atlantic capelin e lula metsing a Leoatle la Atlantic le Atlantic. E ka fumaneha ho Davis Strait, hammoho le lebopong la Hloahloa ea Labrador. E lula liphorong tsa Norway, haufi le mabopo a Greenland, maoatleng a Chukchi, White le Karts. E fumaneha ka bobeli metsing a Leoatle la Barents le Leoatleng la Laptev.
Baahi ba tlhapi ena ea Pacific ba lula metsing a karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Pacific; ho ajoa ha eona ka nqa ea boroa ho na le Sehlekehleke sa Vancouver le mabopong a Korea. Likolo tse kholo tsa tlhapi ena li fumanoa Leoatleng la Okhotsk, Japane le Leoatleng la Bering. Pacific capelin e rata ho haola haufi le mabopo a Alaska le British Columbia.
Capelin o lula likolong tse nyane, empa ha nako e ntse e ea, nako ea ho ikatisa e qala, e bokana likolong tse kholo e le hore kaofela li ka hlola mosebetsi o thata le o kotsi libakeng tseo litlhapi tsena li atisang ho hlaha.
Lijo tsa capelin
Leha e le boholo ba eona bo fokolang, capelin ke sebatana se mafolofolo, se bonahatsoang ka ho hlaka ke meno a eona a manyane empa a le bohale. Motheo oa lijo tsa baemeli ba mofuta ona ke litlhapi tsa mofuta oa tlhapi, zooplankton hammoho le makhapetla a shrimp. E fepa le ka li-crustaceans tse nyane le liboko tsa metsing. Kaha tlhapi ena e tsamaea haholo, e hloka matla a mangata e le hore e iketsetse matla a sebelisoang ho falla kapa ho batla lijo. Ke ka lebaka leo capelin, ho fapana le litlhapi tse ling tse ngata, e sa emeng ho ja esita le nakong ea serame.
Kaha tlhapi ena e ja li-crustaceans tse nyane tse etsang plankton, ke mofuta o qothisanang lehlokoa le heralmon e nyane, eo motheo oa eona e leng plankton.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Litlhapi tsena li na le lira tse ngata leoatleng. Capelin ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea phepong ea liphoofotsoana tse ngata tsa maoatleng tse kang cod, mackerel, squid. Se ke oa tsotella ho ja capelin le litiiso, maruarua, maruarua a bolaea hammoho le linonyana tse jang nama.
Boholo ba capelin metsing a mabopong ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ba le linonyana tse ngata tse fumanehang Hloahloeng ea Kola.
Boleng ba ho tšoasa litlhapi
Kapelin esale e le ntho eo ho tšoasoang litlhapi ho eona ebile esale e tšoauoa ka bongata libakeng tsa eona. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, tekanyo ea tlhapi ena e fihletse tekanyo e makatsang. Baeta-pele ba ho tšoasa capelin hajoale ke Norway, Russia, Iceland le Canada.
Ka 2012, li-capelin tsa lefats'e li ile tsa hira lithane tse fetang milione. Tabeng ena, boholo ba litlhapi tse lilemo tse 1-3 lia ts'oaroa, tse bolelele ba tsona li tlohang ho 11 ho isa 19 cm.
Boemo ba baahi le mefuta ea tsona
Ho sa tsotelehe hore capelin hase mofuta o sirelelitsoeng, linaha tse ngata li entse boiteko bo bongata ho eketsa palo ea tsona. Haholo-holo, ho tloha ka bo-1980, linaha tse ngata li thehile litekanyetso tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsena. Hona joale, capelin ha e na boemo ba paballo, hobane baahi ba eona ba bangata haholo mme ho thata ho hakanya feela boholo ba mehlape ea bona e meholo.
Capelin ha e bohlokoa feela khoebong, empa hape ke karolo e hlokahalang bakeng sa boiketlo ba mefuta e meng e mengata ea liphoofolo, eo motheo oa eona e leng karolo ea eona. Hajoale, palo ea litlhapi tsena e phahame ka ho felletseng, empa boholo ba eona e tšoasoa, hammoho le lefu la khafetsa la capelin nakong ea ho falla, le ama haholo palo ea batho ba mofuta ona. Ntle le moo, joalo ka baahi ba bang ba maoatle, capelin e itšetlehile haholo ka maemo a eona a bolulo, a amang eseng feela boleng ba bophelo ba litlhapi tsena, empa le bongata ba bana. Palo ea batho ba lihlapi tsena e fapana ka ho fapana selemo le selemo, mme ka hona, ho eketsa palo ea capelin, boiteko ba batho bo lokela ho ikemisetsa ho theha maemo a matle bakeng sa ho ba teng ha eona le ho ikatisa.