Antarctica ke k'honthinente e nang le maemo a leholimo a leholimo a leholimo. Mocheso likarolong tse ngata tsa naha ha o hlooe ke leqhoa, 'me k'honthinente eohle e koahetsoe ke leqhoa. Leha ho le joalo, Leoatle le ka Boroa la Antarctica ke e 'ngoe ea lihloliloeng tse hlollang ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng' me ke lehae la liphoofolo tse ngata tse makatsang.
Boholo ba liphoofolo lia falla, hobane maemo a leholimo a k'honthinente a rarahane haholo hore a ka lula ka ho sa feleng le mariha.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, mefuta e mengata e fumaneha feela ho Antarctica (liphoofolo tse lulang sebakeng se le seng feela tse bitsoang end End) mme li ile tsa khona ho ikamahanya le tikoloho e thata. Ho tloha ha Antarctica e fumanoa lilemong tse 200 tse fetileng, mefuta ea sebaka sena ha e sebelisoe bathong, e lebisang ho e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse makatsang tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Antarctica: batho ba li khahla ka mokhoa oo ba ratang ka oona. Bakeng sa baeti, sena se bolela hore liphoofolo tse ngata li ka atameloa, 'me li ke ke tsa baleha, mme bakeng sa bafuputsi - monyetla oa ho ithuta hamolemo liphoofolo tsa Antarctica. Leha ho le joalo, re lokela ho hopola hore Likopano tsa Antarctic li thibela ho ama liphoofolo tse hlaha!
Sengoliloeng sena, re bokelletse lethathamo ka tlhaloso e khuts'oane le lifoto tsa baemeli ba bang ba tummeng ba fauna ea k'honthinente e batang haholo lefatšeng - Antarctica.
Mammals
Maruarua ke e 'ngoe ea libōpuoa tse makatsang le tse makatsang lefatšeng. Leruarua le leputsoa ke phoofolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e kileng ea phela polaneteng, e boima ba lithane tse fetang 100, li feta li-dinosaurs tse boima ho feta tsohle. Le eona "whale" e tloaelehileng e kholo ebile e nkuoa e le pōpo e tsotehang ea tlhaho. Maruarua ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kholo empa tse rarahaneng, 'me ho thata ho ithuta tsona. Li bohlale haholo, li na le bophelo bo rarahaneng ba bophelo le tokoloho e felletseng ea ho tsamaea.
Maruarua ke a sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse bitsoang cetaceans, hammoho le li-dolphin le li-porpoise. Ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tšoanang le batho, lintja, likatse, litlou le tse ling. Ka mantsoe a mang, ba ke ke ba bitsoa litlhapi. Maruarua a phefumoloha moea ka hona a tlameha ho phahama khafetsa khafetsa ho kha moea. Tsona li tsoala malinyane a phela a lulang le 'm'a tsona selemo ho ja lebese la hae. Maruarua a na le mali a futhumetseng hape a na le masapo a kang a motho (leha e le a mofuta o fetotsoeng haholo).
Maruarua a Antarctica a bitsoa maruarua 'ohle a sebelisang bonyane nako ea selemo ka selemo haufi le lebopo la kontinenteng. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- Blue whale (Bolelele bo bolelele ba monna e moholo ke 25 m, basali - 26.2 m. Boima ba 'mele oa motho ea moholo ke 100 - lithane tse 120),
- Whale borena bo boroa (bolelele ba 20 m le boima ba 96 t),
- Seyval (Bolelele ba 'mele 18 m, boima - 80 t),
- Bolelele (Bolelele ho tloha ho 18 ho isa ho 27 m, boima 40-70 t),
- Sperm whale (Karolelano ea bolelele 17 m, bolelele ba 35 t),
- Humpback whale (Karolelano ea bolelele 14 m, boima ba 30 t),
- South Minke whale (bolelele - 9 m, boima - 7 t),
- Killer whale (Bolelele ba 'mele ho tloha ho 8,7 ho isa ho 10 m, boima ho fihlela ho 8 t).
Kerguelen fur seal
Moqhaka oa boea ba Kerguelen ke oa lelapa le tsejoang e le litiiso tsa lared. (Otariidae)e kenyeletsang litiiso tsa boea le litau tsa leoatle.
Ka ponahalo le ka mokhoa, liphoofolo tsena li tšoana le ntja e kholo. Li khona ho hula marikhoe a ka morao tlas'a 'mele le ho phahamisa boima ba' ona ka liphupu tse ka pele, ke ka lebaka leo li fetohang habonolo le lefats'e ha li bapisoa le li-pinnipeds tse ling.
Tse tona li fihlella boima ba 200 kg le makhetlo a 4 ho feta tse tšehali. Li fumaneha feela lihlekehlekeng tse ka boroa, tse nang le 95% ea baahi ba Sehlekehlekeng sa Georgia sa Georgia.
Lengau la leoatle
E bitsoa lengau la leoatle ka lebaka la maqhubu a 'mele, ke e' ngoe ea tse jang tse ling tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Antarctica. Boima ba banna bo fihla ho 300 kg, mme tse tšehali - 260-500 kg. Bolelele ba 'mele oa banna bo fapana ho tloha ho 2.8-3.3 m, le tšehali 2.9-3.8 m.
Phepo e nepahetseng ea mangau a leoatle e fapane haholo. Ba ka ja phoofolo efe kapa efe eo ba ka e bolaeang. Lijo li na le litlhapi, squid, li-penguin, linonyana le litiiso tse nyane.
Leopi la leoatle ha se litsebi tse fapaneng ha li bapisoa le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa metsing. Metsoako e telele haholo ha e tšoarelle metsotso e fetang 15, kahoo liphoofolo li lula li le haufi le metsi a bulehileng, 'me li se ke tsa qoela hole halelele tlasa leqhoa le sa feleng. Li khona ho sesa ka lebelo ho fihlela ho 40 km / h.
Tiiso ea Crabeater
Liqibi tsa Crabeater ho lumeloa hore ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kholo ho fetisisa naheng eohle. Batho ba baholo ba boima ba li-200-300 kg mme bolelele ba 'mele bo ka ba 2,6 m. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse itlhahelang feela, leha ho le joalo, li ka robala ka lihlopha tse nyane, e leng se hlahisang maikutlo a lelapa la sechaba. Khokahano ea 'nete e ka etsahala lipakeng tsa bo-mme le masea a bona.
Ha ba je makhala, leha ho na le lebitso la bona. Lijo tsa bona li entsoe ka 95% ea Antarctic krill, tse ling kaofela ke squid le tlhapi. Li tšoaneleha hantle bakeng sa ho tšoasa menoana ea 'ona bakeng sa ho ts'oasa liphofu tse tsoang metsing.
Kaha liqibi tsa crabeater li ja haholo krill, ha ho hlokahale hore e thelle ka botebo le halelele. Ho qoela ka tloaelo ho ea botebo ba 20-30 m, ho nka metsotso e 11, empa e tlalehiloe ka botebo ba 430 m.
Weddell Seal
Litiiso tsa weddell ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse lulang leqhoeng. Boima ba batho ba baholo bo fapana pakeng tsa lik'hilograma tse 400-450, 'me bolelele ba' mele ke 2,9 m (ho banna) le 3.3 m (ho basali).
E fepa haholo ka litlhapi, le li-squids le li-invertebrates ka bongata bo bonyenyane. Litiiso tsa Weddell ke mefuta e mengata e metle, li khona ho qoela botebo ba limithara tse 600 'me li qeta nako e telele ka tlasa metsi ho fihlela metsotso e 82.
Ho thata ho hakanyetsa boholo ba liphoofolo tsena hobane li lula haufi le Arctic Circle le leqhoa le qholotsang.
Tlou e ka boroa
Litiiso tsa tlou tse ka boroa ke tsona tse kholo ho feta litiiso tsohle 'me li bontša ho fifala ka mokhoa oa thobalano. Boima ba banna bo fapana ka mefuta e ka bang 1500-3700 kg, le basali - 350-800 kg. Bolelele ba 'mele oa banna ke 4,5-5,8 m, le basali - 2,8 m.
Lijo li na le squid haholo, empa litlhapi le tsona li teng (li ka ba 75% squid le litlhapi tse ka bang 25%). Ba batona, e le molao, ba fetela pele boroa, ba lelekisa phofu ea bona.
Litlou tse ka boroa - tse fapaneng tse khahlang, li qoela ho botebo ba 300-500 m bakeng sa metsotso e 20-30. Li fumaneha ho pholletsa le Antarctica, tlase ho boroa boroa.
Antarctic tern
Antarctic tern ke moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa lelapa la tern. Ena ke nonyana e nyane ka 31 cm cm, e boima ba 95-120 g, mme e na le mapheo a bolelele ba 66-77 cm. Hangata molomo oa eona o mofubelu o lefifi kapa o sootho. Ho na le "masiba" a mangata a bohlooho kapa a bosoeu, hona le "hlooho" e ntšo hloohong. Malebela a mapheo a mofuta ona a bohlooho bo botšo.
Ba iphepa ka litlhapi le krill, haholo ha ba le Antarctica. Krachki o lemoha tlholeho ea bona moeeng, ebe o kenella ka metsing ka mor'a eona.
Antarctic e-eyed cormorant e putsoa
Cormorant ea mahlo a maputsoa a Antarctic ke eona feela setho sa lelapa le hlonephang se fumanehang Antarctica. Li lula haufi le lithaba tsa South Antilles le Hloahloeng ea Antarctic, ho kenella ka nqa ea boroa. Li-cormorant tsena li tšoauoa ka 'mala o khanyang oa mahlo le ho hola ha' mala oa lamunu motsong oa molomo, o ba moholo haholo hape o khanyang nakong ea moalo. Boima ba 'mele ke 1,8-3,5 kg, ha e tona e boima ho feta basali. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fapana ho tloha ho 68 ho isa ho 76 cm,' me mapheo a eona a ka bang 1,1 m.
Ba fepa litlhapi haholo, hangata ba etsa “sefi” sa mashome kapa linonyana tse makholo tse kenang ka metsing ka makhetlo a mangata ebe ba thusana ho tšoasa litlhapi. Li-cormorant tsena li khona ho qoela ho ea fihla botebong ba limithara tse 116. Ka nako ea ho sesa, li penya mapheo a tsona ka thata 'meleng li sebelisa maoto a tsona a marang-rang.
Plover e tšoeu
White Plover ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e' meli ea mofuta Chionidae. O khetha mokhoa oa bophelo bo thehiloeng lefatšeng. Ha a tsamaea, o sisinya hlooho ea hae joalo ka leeba. Boima ba 'mele bo fapana ho tloha ho 460 ho isa ho 780 g, bolelele ba' mele ke 34-41 cm, le mapheo - 75-80 cm.
Polo e tšoeu ha e na maoto a marang-rang, kahoo e fumana lijo tsa eona fatše. Oa hlolla ebile o tsebahala ka kleptoparasitism (o utsoa krill le litlhapi tse tsoang ho li-penguin, 'me ka linako tse ling o ja mahe le malinyane). E fepa le ho chesa mantle le liphoofolo, mme, moo ho khonehang, litšila tsa motho.
Pintado
Leeba la Cape ke la lelapa la phoofolo ea lapeng. Boima ba eona bo fihla ho 430 g, bolelele ba 'mele - 39 cm,' me mapheo a fihla ho cm 86. 'Mala oa masiba a nonyana ena o motšo ebile o mosoeu.
Cape Pigeon e iphepa ka krill, tlhapi, squid, carrion le litšila tsa sekepe, haeba li teng. Hangata li tšoasa phofu ea metsi holim'a metsi, empa ka linako tse ling e qoela ka mokhoa o sa tebang.
Phirimo ea lehloa
Li-pettle tsa lehloa ke linonyana tse tšoeu tse nang le melomo e metšo le mahlo. Ke boholo ba leeba, 'me ka tsekisano ke tsona tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ho linonyana tsohle tsa Antarctic. Bolelele ba 'mele ke 30 cm cm, mapheo - 75-95 cm, le boima - 240-460 g.
Li fepa ka krill haholo, 'me li lula li le haufi le leoatle ho fihlela lijo. Li fumaneha lebopong la Antarctica, 'me, joalo ka ha u tseba, li lula hole bohareng ba kontinenteng (ho fihlela ho 325 km ho tloha lebopong), lithabeng tse tsoelang ka holim'a leqhoa le potileng.
Wandering albatross
Albatross e lelerang ke nonyana e nang le mapheo a malelele ho feta (ho tloha 3.1 ho isa ho 3,5 m). Nonyana ena e ka etsa lifofane tse telele bakeng sa matsatsi a 10-20, ka sebaka se bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 10, e sebelisa matla a manyane ho feta ha e lutse sehlaheng.
Boima bo boholo bo tloha ho 5.9 ho isa ho 12,7 kg; ba batona ba boima ba 20% ho feta basali. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fapana ho tloha ho 107 ho isa ho 135 cm.
Motheo oa lijo ke litlhapi, squid le crustaceans. Nonyana e tsoma bosiu holim'a metsi kapa e qoela ka mokhoa o sa tebang. Li-albatross tse loantšoang li latela liketsoana le likepe tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe moo lijo li lahleloang. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo likepe tse tšoasang litlhapi tse lahlela litlhapi tse fetang ka bongata.
Skuas ea Korea Boroa
Li-skuas tsa polar e ka boroa ke linonyana tse kholo ho feta. Boima bo itekanetseng ba banna ke 900-1600 g, 'me hangata li nyane ebile li bobebe ho feta tsehali. Bolelele bo bolelele: 50-55 cm, le mapheo a bolelele ba cm 130-140. Li lula naheng ea Antarctica ea naha 'me li ikatisa ka nqa ea boroa. Linonyana tsena li tlalehiloe ho South Pole.
E fepa haholo ka litlhapi le krill, leha mahe a penguin, matsuane le carrion le tsona li ka kenyelletsoa lijong, ho latela tikoloho. Li-skuas tsa polar e ka boroa li kile tsa bonoa li utsoa litlhapi mefuteng e meng ea linonyana.
Boemo ba jeokrafi
Antarctica ke k'honthinente e ka boroa ho lefatše. Ho latela sebaka, South Pole e fumaneha Antarctica. K'honthinente e pota-potiloe ke Leoatle le ka Boroa. Antarctica e na le sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 14 200,000e lekanang habeli boholo ba Australia.
98% ea lefats'e la Antarctica e koaetsoe ke leqhoa, le bophara ba eona libakeng tse ling bo fihlang ho 4,7 km, - ka hona, karolong e ka holimo ea sekepe e koahela hoo e batlang e le libaka tsohle ntle le tse ka leboea. Lehoatata le bataolang la Antarctica le tšoauoa ka lithemparetjha tse tlase haholo, mahlaseli a matla a letsatsi le ho omella ho hoholo.
Hoo e batlang e le pula eohle e oela ka mokhoa oa lehloa ebile e haelloa ke sebaka se fokolang feela, se ka bang lihilomithara tse 300 ho tloha lebopong. Libakeng tse ling, ke feela limela tse 50mm tsa pula e ka oang selemo le selemo.
Mocheso o tlase ka ho fetisisa o kileng oa tlalehoa Lefatšeng o sa tsoa hatisoa Antarctica seteisheneng sa Vostok Antarctic, se Polar Plateau, ka -89.4 ° C. Le maemong a joalo a thata ho na le bophelo, empa ho ka etsahala feela ka maemo a feteletseng.
Antarctica - jogi
Mocheso Leoatleng le ka Boroa ha o fetohe haholo ho pholletsa le selemo - e lula e le maemong a 1-2 ° C. Lehlabuleng, leqhoa le koahela lisekoere tsa leoatle tse 4,000,000. Sekhahla sa kontinenteng ea Antarctica se atoloha bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 60 le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 240. Botebo ba libaka tsena bo boholo ba limithara tse 500. Ka tlase ke motsoako oa lehlabathe, seretse le lehlohlojane.
Boemo ba leholimo ba karolo e ka sehloohong ea Antarctica bo omme haholo, empa karolo e ka bophirima ea k'honthinente le lihlekehleke tse ka boroa li loketse bophelo haholo, ke ka lebaka leo lipalesa tsa lipalesa li hlahang. Libaka tsena li ka fumana pula e ka bang 900 mm selemo le selemo - ka linako tse ling pula e na. Hloahloeng e ka leboea ke eona feela sebaka Antarctica moo ka lithemparetjha tsa lehlabula li ka nyolohang ka holimo ho 0 ° C. Ke ka lebaka la mongobo le mocheso hore lihlekehleke tse ka boroa ke lehae la liphoofolo tse fapaneng tse ikhethang.
Lits'oants'o tsa antarctica
Baemeli ba ka sehloohong ba limela tsa Antarctic ke li-extromophiles, tse lokelang ho tloaela ho omella ho feteletseng le lithemparetjha tse tlase haholo. Botebo ba leholimo ba karolo e ka sehloohong ea k'honthinente bo fapana haholo le bonolo bo khethollang Hloahloa ea Antarctic le lihlekehleke tse katlase - li na le mocheso o futhumetseng le mongobo o phahameng haholo. Metsi a Leoatle le ka Boroa a hloekisang Antarctica, a koaheloa ke leqhoa haholo. Libaka tse bulehileng ke tikoloho e tsitsitseng haholoanyane bakeng sa bophelo, ka bobeli kholomo ea metsi le tlase.
Makhoaba a Antarctic ha a fapana haholo kamanong le lik'honthinente tse ling. Bophelo ba lefatše bo tsepame haholo libakeng tse lebopong. Linonyana li lula libakeng tse futhumetseng ka ho fetisisa Hloahloa ea Antarctic le lihlekehleke tse ka tlas'a lefatše. Metsi a leoatle a lapeng Mefuta e 10 ea cetaceans. Li-vertebrates tsa lefatše, leha li sa khetholloe ke phapang ea tsona, li nka boholo ba tsona. Bongata bo boholo ba baemeli ba mefuta ea li-vertebrate ba lula leoatleng.
Antarctica, le teng Mefuta e 235 ea liphoofolo tsa metsingMefuta ea tsona e fapana ho tloha maruarua le linonyana ho isa likhopo tse nyane tsa leoatle, likomkomere tsa leoatle le liboko tse lulang seretseng. Liphoofolo tsa Antarctic li ikamahantse le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mocheso, hangata le liaparo tse futhumetseng ka tlhaho, tse koahelang moea le mafura a maholo.
Cetaceans
Blue whale e putsoa
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South whale e boreleli
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Sekepe
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Finwal
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Sperm whale
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Humpback whale
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Minke whale
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Killer whale
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Botlolo ea hlooho ea khalase
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Ho fofa
Antarctic tern
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Antarctic e-eyed cormorant e putsoa
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Plover e tšoeu
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Pintado
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Phirimo ea lehloa
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Wandering albatross
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Skuas ea Korea Boroa
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Boreli bo boholo ba naha
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Rabara ea Wilson
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Guillemot
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E se nang sefofane
Emperor penguin
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King penguin
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Penguin ea Subantarctic
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Adelie Penguin
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Penguin e kopaneng
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Papuan Penguin
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Qeto
Makhoaba a Antarctica a tobile haholo 'me a emeloa ke palo e kholo ea baahi ba metsing. Phoofolo e atileng ka ho fetisisa k'honthinenteng ena ke tiiso. Ho na le litiiso tsa litlou le mangau a leoatle lebopong la leoatle. Palo ea li-arthropod tsa invertebrate k'honthinenteng ena ke mefuta e 67 feela ea liboseleise le mefuta e 4 ea linta.Liphoofolo tsohle tse teng kontinenteng ena li na le liphetoho tsa tlhaho ea ho phela maemong a leholimo a mabe joalo. Makunutu a mangata a sebaka sena se batang ka ho sa feleng a ntse a ithutoa ke bo-rasaense.
Likarolo tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Antarctica
Ka lebaka la maemo a thata a bophelo naheng e kholo, ha ho na baemeli ba bangata ba liphoofolo tse hlaha. Boholo ba tsona ke tse fallang, ke hore, ha ho bata moo leholimo le kenang, li ea sebakeng se futhumetseng. Lefatše le phelang le hokahane le maoatle ebile le nyane haholo le lebopo. Ho thata ho kopana le baahi ba mona ka ho felletseng. Metsi a na le plankton e ngata - mohloli oa lijo bakeng sa li-cetaceans (blue whale, final, sperm whales, killer whale), pinnipeds (seals, litlou tsa leoatle), litlhapi, linonyana.
Linonyana tsa antarctica
Nonyana ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea Antarctica, e amanang le k'honthinente ena ke penguin. Mefuta e mengata ea nonyana ena e khahlisang e lula Antarctica. Moemeli e moholo oa linonyana polaneteng ea Lefatše ke Emperor penguin. kholo ea eona e ka fihla ho cm 122. Sebaka seo li lulang ho sona ke mafika le mafika, moo li lulang likoloneng tse kholo.
Emperor penguin e lula haufi le Antarctica, ke hore, liphoofolo tsena li phela feela tikolohong ea South Pole 'me ha e fumanoe kae kapa kae.
Feie. 2. Emperor penguin.
Morena penguin le eena o lula Antarctica. Hona hape ke mofuta o moholohali, empa o tlaasana ka boholo ho Emperor penguin. Bophahamo ba eona bo boholo ke 100 cm mme boima ba eona ke 18 kg. Ntle le bophahamo ba li-penguin tsena, Emperor penguin e khetholloa ke masiba a eona a khanyang le a mebala. Lijo tse ka sehloohong ke tlhapi le squid.
Subantarctic penguin ke moahi e mong oa tlhaho ea "kontinenteng e batang". Lebitso la eona la bobeli ke papuan penguin. Linonyana tsena li khetholloa habonolo ho mefuta e meng ea li-penguin ka molomo oa tsona o mofubelu oa lamunu. ka holimo ho moo, penguin ea papuan e na le mohatla o molelele haholo ha o bapisoa le li-penguin tse ling.
Palesa ea lehloa ke nonyana ea botle bo sa tloaelehang bo lulang k'honthinenteng ena. Nonyana ena e na le plumage e tšoeu e nang le molomo o motšo le mahlo a matšo. E fepa ka li-crustaceans, Antarctic krill, squid. Khetha ho theha lihlaha lithabeng tse mafika.
Palesa e kholo ke nonyana eo ha e shebahala e sa shebahale joaloka phoofolo ea lehloa. Masiba a eona a bohlooho, a fepa ka litlhapi, 'me ka linako tse ling a bile a ka tsoma le mapheoana.
Har'a linonyana, motho a ka khona ho khetholla mofuta oa li-cormorant tse 'mala o moputsoa oa Antarctic, plover e tšoeu, le albatross e lelera.
Liphoofolo tse ling
Antarctic krill e atile Leoatleng le ka Boroa. Ke mofuta o monyane haholo oa lijo tse anyesang haholo, litlhapi le linonyana tsa Antarctica. Bolelele ba eona ke 6 cm, boima - 2 g, le tebello ea bophelo - ho fihlela lilemo tse 6.
Feie. 3. Antarctic krill.
Kua Antarctica, ho na le mofuta o le mong feela oa likokoanyana tse sa fofeng. Ena ke Belgica Antarctica, e leng kokoanyana e ntšo. 'Mala o motšo o thusa ho bokella mocheso,' me ka hona o pholoha ho mocheso o tlase oa zero. Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oo kokoanyana e ka o tiisetsang ke -15 degrees.
Li-invertebrates
Li-invertebrates li emeloa ke li-arthropods (likokoanyana le li-arachnids), li-rotifers, li-tardigrade (Acutuncus antarcticus) le li-nematode tse lulang mobung. Zooplankton ea Antarctic, haholo-holo ke krill, ka kotloloho kapa ka ho sa tsotelleng, ke motheo oa lijo tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea lihlapi, li-cetaceans, squid, seams, lipenguin le liphoofolo tse ling. Ka matamong a metsi a hloekileng a mabopong a libaka tse mabopong a leoatle - "liphula tse omileng" - ho na le lihlahisoa tsa tikoloho ea oligotrophic tse lulang mohloa o motala-botala, li-roundworms, li-copepods (li-cyclops) le daphnia.
Makhoaba a Antarctic a arthropods, a nahanela lihlekehleke tsa Antarctic (ka boroa ho 60 ° S), ke mefuta e ka bang 130: liboseleisi (mefuta e 67), Collembola (19), lice-flies (37), linta (4), fleas (1), dipterans (2) . Ho tsena, tse 54 ke mefuta ea likokoana-hloko.
Maxillofacial
Mofuta oa Collembole Cryptopygus antarcticus, e phela lipakeng tsa mosses le lichens, moo e jang teng ka "detritus". Sheba Gressittacantha terranova e fumanehang Lefatsheng la Victoria. Ka kakaretso, Antarctic, ho nahanela Hloahloa ea Antarctic (lebopong la eona le ka bophirima, Friesea grisea, Cryptopygys antarcticus, Tullbergia Mediantarctica, Parisotoma octooculata, Archisotoma brucei) le lihlekehleke tsa Antarctic tse lebopongTullbergia antarctica, Tullbergia mixta) o fumane mefuta e 17 ea li-coupmbolas tse tsoang 13 genera ea malapa a 4. Ba fetang halofo ba bona ba maemong a lehae. Friesea grisea e fumanehang haufi le seteishene sa Russian Antarctic Molodezhnaya.
Likokoanyana
- Belgica antarctica - litloloko tse senang menoang tsa menoang e tsoang lelapeng la Chironomidae (tse tsoang ka bongata). Hloahloa ea Antarctic ea Antarctica (ho tloha moeling oa leoatle ho ea ho 150 m, boroa ho isa ho 64 ° S). Mefuta ena ea koluoa ea Antarctic e nkuoa e le eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e sa tloheng lefatšeng, e le liphoofolo tsa Antarctica.
- Glaciopsyllus antarcticus - mofuta oa flea o tsoang lelapeng la Ceratophyllidae o hlasela ka litsuonyana Fulmarus glacialoides (mofuta oa Stupid), ho pompong ea lehloa (Pagodroma nivea), Seqhoqhoana sa Antarctic (Thalassoica antarctica), Cape Dove (Bokaholimo ba sefahleho) le lirurubele tsa Wilson (Leoatle leoatle) .
Motho
Hajoale ha ho na baahi ba lulang Antarctica. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le liteishene tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso moo palo ea bafuputsi e fapaneng ho tloha ho batho ba 1000 mariha ho isa ho 4000 ka lehlabula (ho na le baahi ba ka bang 150 ba Russia liteisheneng tse 7).
Motho oa pele ea tsoetsoeng Antarctic a ka bitsoa [ hlakisa ] Norve Solveig Gunbjorg Jacobsen, ea hlahetseng moo ho nang le maruarua Gryutviken sehlekehlekeng sa South Georgia ka la 8 Mphalane 1913.
Motho oa pele ea hlahetseng Antarctica ka boeona o nkuoa e le motho ea bitsoang Emilio Marcos Palma oa Argentina (Pherekhong 7, 1978, seteisheneng sa polar "Esperanza").
Li-Dinosaurs tsa Antarctica
Ha li-dinosaur tsa pele li fumanoa Antarctica li entsoe ka 1986: ankylosaurus Antarctopelta . Ho fihlela hajoale, ke mefuta e fokolang feela ea li-dinosaurs e fumanoeng, eo haholo-holo e bakiloeng ke hore karolo ea 98% ea bokaholimo ba Antarctica joale e se e le leqhoa. Boholo ba mesaletsa ea lintho tse epolotsoeng e fumanehile likhechana, ke ka lebaka leo ba bangata ba bona ba seng ba sa fumane mabitso a mahlale. Sehlekehlekeng sa Ross, karolong e ka leboea-bophirima ea Antarctica, mesaletsa ea li-ankylosaurs le setsi sa dino tse tsoang sehlopheng sa li-gypsylophodontids li fumanoe. Sehlekehlekeng sa Vega, ho ile ha fumanoa masapo a dinosaur a sehlopha sa hasrosaur. Ka 1991, Antarctica, letsoapong la Mount Kilpatrick, mesaletsa ea prozavropod e ile ea fumanoa, hammoho le sebaka sa "cryxandosaurus" se neng se le bolelele ba limithara tse supileng 'me se ne se le hloohong ka 20 cm ka bophara.
Boreli bo boholo ba naha
Petsana e kholo ea boroa ke nonyana e jang nama e tsoang lelapeng la liphoofolo tse tona. Boima ba tsona ke li-kilo tse 5 mme bolelele ba 'mele oa tsona ke lisenthimithara tse 87. Mapheo a fapana ka bolelele ba 180 ho isa ho 205 cm.
Lijo li na le litopo tse se nang letho tsa litiiso le liphokojoe, lihoete, squid, krill, crustaceans le litšila tse tsoang likepeng kapa likepeng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Hangata, linonyana tsena li fumaneha lihlekehlekeng tsa Antarctic le subantarctic. Li lula li bulehile Lihlekehlekeng tsa Falkland.
Litšobotsi tsa fauna
Fauna ea Antarctica e na le nalane ea eona ea khale. Mehleng e fetileng, esita le li-dinosaurs li ne li lula naheng e bohareng. Empa kajeno ha ho na le likokoanyana ka lebaka la meea e matla e batang.
Kajeno, Antarctica ha se karolo ea lefatše. Lefatše la tlhaho ha le khone ho bala mona! Liphoofolo mona ha li tšabe batho, lia khahla ho bona, hobane ba ne ba sa tsebe kotsi e tsoang ho motho ea fumaneng lefatše lena le hlollang lilemong tse makholo tse fetileng.
Bongata Liphoofolo tsa Antarctica bajaki - ha se motho e mong le e mong ea khonang ho lula tikolohong e thata joalo. Ha ho na libatana tse maoto le matsoho tse 'ne k'honthinenteng ena. Liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing, lipene, linonyana tse kholo - mona Liphoofolo tsa Antarctica. Video e bonts'a bophelo ba baahi bohle bo hokahane le lebopo la leoatle le libaka tsa metsi tsa naha.
Zooplankton, e nang le metsi a mangata ho potoloha le naha, ke sejo sa mantlha sa baahi ba bangata ho tloha li-penguin, bao e leng matsoalloa a Antarctica ho fihlela marufa le litiiso.
Blue, kapa putsoa, whale (ho hlatsa)
Phoofolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e boima ba lithane tse 100-150, bolelele ba 'mele ho fihlela 35 metres. Boima ka kakaretso ke lithane tse ka bang 16. Linonyana li ja linonyana tse nyane tsa crustacean, tseo ho tsona ho nang le metsi a mangata a leoatle a leoatle. Ke feela shrimp ka letsatsi, leruarua le jang ho fihlela limilione tse 4.
Pelong ea ja - hangata plankton. Lisebelisoa tse thellang tse entsoeng ke lipolanete tsa whalebone li thusa ho fafatsa lijo. Litlhoko tsa maruarua a maputsoa le tsona ke li-cephalopod le litlhapi tse nyane, krill, crustaceans tse kholo. Mala a whale a nka lijo ho fihlela ho lithane tse peli.
Karolo e ka tlase ea hlooho, 'metso le mpa ka mpeng ea letlalo, e otlolohang ha e koenya lijo ka metsi, e ntlafatsa likarolo tsa whale.
Ho bona, monko, buds ea tatso ha e na matla. Empa ho utloa le ho ama ho nts'etsopele ka ho khetheha. Maruarua a lula a le mong. Ka linako tse ling libakeng tse nang le lijo tse ngata, ho hlaha lihlopha tsa linatla tse tharo, empa liphoofolo li hasane hohle.
Ho qoela ka botebo ho li-alternate tse 200-500 m tse nang le diving e kgutshwane. Lebelo la ho tsamaea le ka ba 35-45 km / h. Ho ka bonahala eka seqhenqha se ke ke sa ba le lira. Empa litlhaselo tsa mohlape oa li-whale tse bolaeang li bolaea motho ka mong.
Humpback Whale (Humpback)
Boholo ke halofo ea leruarua le leputsoa, empa ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ho ka ba sokela ho ba haufi le phoofolo e kotsi. Gorbach e hlasela le likepe tse nyane. Boima ba motho a le mong ke lithane tse ka bang 35-45.
E fumane lebitso bakeng sa arched e matla morao ho ho sesa. Li-humpbacks li lula lipaketeng, moo ho thehoang lihlopha tsa batho ba 4-5. Mmala oa liphoofolo ho tloha ho o motšo le o mosoeu. Ka morao ke lefifi, mpa ke libaka tse tšoeu. Motho ka mong o na le mokhoa o ikhethang.
Leruarua le lula metsing a leoatle mme makhasi a lona a leoatleng a tsamaea feela nakong ea ha a falla. Ho sesa ka lebelo ho isa ho 30 km / h. Ho theohela botebong ba limilimithara tse 300 le ponahalo ea holim 'a phoofolo moo e ntšang metsi ha e hema ka selibeng se fihlang ho 3. Ho qhomela holim'a metsi, mapheoana, ho sisinyeha ka tšohanyetso hangata ho reretsoe ho tlosa likokoanyana tse teng letlalong la eona.
Humpback whale e ka monya ho feta thane ea krill ka letsatsi
Seyval (ivas whale)
Leruarua le leholo la minke whale ho fihlela ho 17-20 m bolelele, le boima ba lithane tse 30. Kamorao ho lefifi, mahlakore a matheba a manyane a mmala o bobebe, bo bosoeu bo ka mpeng. Karolo ea kotara ea phoofolo ke hlooho. Lijo ke haholo-holo li-pollock, cephalopods, crustaceans e mahlo-a mafifi.
Kamora ho fokotseha tlhahiso ea leruarua le leputsoa, poloko e ne e le ka nakoana e le eona mofuta o hlahelletseng oa khoebo. Hona joale ho tsoma bapholosi ho thibetsoe. Liphoofolo li lula li le ling, ka linako tse ling ka bobeli. Har'a maruarua a ba le lebelo le phahameng haholo ho fihlela ho 55 km / h, e ba lumellang ho baleha litlhaselong tsa whale tsa whale.
Finwal
Leruarua la bobeli le leholo ka ho fetisisa, le bitsoang sebete se selelele. Mammals o phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 90-95. Leruarua le bolelele ba limilimithara tse 25 le boima ba lithane tse 70. Letlalo le leputsoa le lefifi, empa mpa e bobebe. 'Mele, joalo ka maruarua a mang, ho na le likhoele tse ngata tse fanang ka' metso hore o bule haholo ha o tšoara phofu.
Li-finials li fihlella ka lebelo la ho fihlela ho 45 km / h, ho theoha ho 250 m, empa ka botebo bo sa feteng metsotso e 15. Mehloli ea bona e nyoloha ho isa ho 6 m ha linatla li nyoloha.
Maruarua a lula ka lihlopha tsa batho ba 6-10. Lijo tse ngata li eketsa palo ea liphoofolo mohlapeng. A lijong, herring, sardine, capelin, pollock. Ba khanna lihlapi tse nyane ka qubu 'me ba li metsa ka metsi. Ho fihlela ho lithane tse peli tsa lintho tse phelang li kenngoa ka letsatsi. Puisano pakeng tsa maruarua e etsahala ka thuso ea melumo e tlase-tlase. Ba utloa e mong le e mong sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse makholo hole.
Maruarua a matala a 'muso oa leqhoa oa Antarctica ke liphoofolo tse jang tse kotsi tse nang le mapheoana a bohale.
Killer whales
Mehlape e meholo ea liphoofolo e na le bothata ba baahi ba sa fetoheng ba nang le meqhaka e matla ea ho itšeha: maruarua, litiiso, manala a boea, esita le maraba a sperm. Lebitso le tsoile ho papiso ea chelete e phahameng e nang le bohale bo bohale le sesebelisoa sa ho seha.
Li-dolphin tse khabisang tse tsoang ho beng ka tsona li fapana ka 'mala o mosoeu le o mosoeu. Ka morao le mahlakore a lefifi, 'me' mala o mosoeu, ka mpeng ke moqomo, ka holim'a mahlo a lebala le lesoeu. Hlooho e boreleli ho tloha holimo, meno a tloaetse ho ts'oasa phofu. Ka bolelele, batho ka bomong ba fihla ho 9-10 m.
Bophahamo ba matla a maqhubu a polao bo pharalletse. Hangata li ka bonoa haufi le rookeries ea liqibi le litheko tsa boea. Killer whales e boreleli haholo. Tlhokahalo ea lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi e fihla ho li-kilo tse 150. Ha li tsoma, li na le moelelo o matla: li ipata ka mor'a litselana, li tjeka leqhetsoana leqhoeng ka liphooko ho li lahlela ka metsing.
Liphoofolo tse kholo li hlaseloa ke mohlape kaofela. Maruarua ha a lumelloe ho nyamela holimo, 'me sperm whales e inamela ka botebo. Mohlapeng oa bona, maruarua a 'ona a botsoalle ka mokhoa o makatsang ebile a tsotella beng ka eena ba kulang kapa ba tsofetseng.
Ha a tsoma, maruarua a bolaeang a sebelisa mohatla oa 'ona ho etsa lihlapi
Sperm whales
Liphoofolo tse kholo ho fihla ho 20 m, moo hlooho e etsang karolo ea boraro ea 'mele. Ponahalo e ikhethang e ke ke ea u lumella ho ferekanya sperm whale le mang kapa mang. Boima ke boima ba lithane tse 50. Har'a maruarua a maratsoana ho na le leruarua la sperm whale ka boholo.
Bakeng sa nama, e batloang ke khopotso, e fihla ho 2 km. E fepa ka li-octopuse, tlhapi, squid. E nka nako e ka etsang hora le halofo ka tlasa metsi. E na le litsebe tse monate.
Sperm whales e lula mehlapeng e meholo ea lihlooho tse makholo. Ha ba na lira, ke maruarua a 'ona a hlaselang liphoofolo tse tona kapa tse tšehali. Sperm whale e kotsi haholo maemong a mabifi. Ho na le mehlala ha liphoofolo tse matla li ne li khangoa ke maruarua le basesisi ba likepe.
Botlolo e botla-tlase-tlase
Maruarua a maholo a nang le phatla e kholo le molomo o bonojoaneng. Li kenngoa ka metsing a tebileng mme li ka khona ho fihlela hora e le 'ngoe. Li etsa molumo bathong ba cetaceans: ho letsa mololi, ho soasoa. Ho oela mohatla ka metsi ho fetisetsa lipontšo ho beng ka motho.
Ba phela mehlapeng ea batho ba 5-6, bao ba batona ba busang har'a bona. Bolelele ba batho ka bomong bo fihla ho 9 m, boima ba kakaretso ea lithane tse 7,8. Fepa ea mantlha ea botlolo - cephalopods, squid, tlhapi.
Litiiso
Baahi ba matsoalloa a Antarctica ba ikamahanya le maemo a leoatle a batang. Mofuta oa moriri o mafura, o kopaneng, joalo ka khetla o sireletsa liphoofolo. Ha ho na li-auricles ho hang, empa liqibi ha li utloe litsebeng, li utluoa hantle ka metsing.
Li-mammabe ka sebopeho le litloaelo tsa tsona li tšoana le kamano e lipakeng tsa naha le liphoofolo tsa metsing. Makhopho a khetholoha mapetsong, moo ho hlaha litho tsa kahare. 'Me li tsoala masea a tsona naheng mme li ithuta ho sesa!
Liphoofolo tsa Antarctica ho foto hangata li ts'oaroa ha li tsamaea ka har'a letsatsi, li iphaphatha lebopong kapa li khangoa ke leqhoa. Ha fatshe, litiiso li sisinyeha, li hulanya mmele ka mapheoana. Ba fepa litlhapi, octopuse. Litiiso li kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang tsa metsing.
Tlou ea Leoatle
Phoofolo e kholo haholo, e bolelele ba limilimithara tse 5, e boima ba lithane tse 2,5. Mosesaneng oa eona ho na le lesaka le ikhethang, le ts'oanang le kutu ea tlou, e ileng ea reha phoofolo ea tonanahali. O na le mafura a mangata tlasa letlalo la hae ho feta nama. Nakong ea motsamao, 'mele oa sisinyeha joalo ka jelly.
Li-divers tse ntle - kenella ho fihlela ho 500 m ka metsotso e 20-30. Litlou tsa leoatleng li tsebahala ka lipapali tse thata tseo ho tsona ho utloisoang bohloko ho utloisang bohloko. E fepa ka squid, shrimp, tlhapi.
Tiiso ea Ross
Ho fumana phoofolo ha ho bonolo. O itokisetsa libakeng tse sa fihlelleng mme o lula a le mong, leha a sa tšabe batho, o lumella motho hore a be haufi le eena. Meetso e boholo bo pakeng tsa beng ka eona ke e itekanetseng ho feta: boima ho fihlela ho 200 kg, bolelele ba 'mele bo ka ba 2 m.
Ho na le melangoana e mengata molaleng, moo tiiso e hulang hlooho ea eona ebe e fetoha leetong ho potoloha. 'Mala oa seaparo ke bosootho bo bosootho bo nang le shimmer ea lead. Mpa e bobebe. Sebata se mafura le se hlabang sea bina haholo. E etsa melumo ea melodic. Lijong, octopuse, squid, li-cephalopods tse ling.
Emperor penguin
Moemeli ea hlomphehang ka ho fetisisa lelapeng la penguin. Bophahamo ba nonyana e ka ba 120 cm, boima ba 40-45 kg. Masiba a mokokotlo a lula a le motšo kamehla, 'me matsoele a soeufetse,' mala o joalo ka metsing o thusa ho koala. Molaleng le marameng a Emperor penguin, masiba a 'mala oa lamunu. Li-penguin tse khahlisang joalo ha li hang hang. Malinyane a pele a koaheloa ka 'mala o moputsoa kapa o mosoeu.
Li-penguins li tsoma ka lihlopha, li hlasela sekolo sa litlhapi le ho tšoasa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlang pele. Phokojoe e kholo e remiloe lebopong, phofu e nyane e jeoa ka metsing. Ha ba batla lijo, ba hlōla libaka tse bohlokoa, ba kenella ho 500 m.
Sebaka sa ho qoela se lokela ho hotetsoa, kaha ho bohlokoa haholo ho linonyana ho bona ho fapana le ho utloa. Lebelo la ho tsamaea le ka ba 3-6 km / h. Ka tlasa metsi e ka ba ntle le moea metsotso e ka bang 15.
Li-penguin li lula ka har'a likolone, tse bokellang batho ba ka bang 10,000. Li futhumatsoa ka lihlopha tse teteaneng, 'me kahare ho tsona mocheso o nyoloha le 35 ° С ka mocheso o tsoang kantle ho 20-16 С.
Ba shebisisa metsamao ea khafetsa ea beng ka motho ho tloha pheletsong ea sehlopha ho ea bohareng e le hore ho se be le ea mong. Lira tsa tlhaho tsa li-penguin ke maruarua a bolaeang, mangau a leoatle. Liphooko tse kholo kapa skuas hangata li utsoa mahe ho linonyana.
Li-penguin tsa Emperor li pota-pota matsuane ho pholoha mariha le moea
King penguin
Ponahalo e tšoana le moena oa moemphera, empa boholo bo nyane, 'mala oa khanya. Hloohong ka mahlakoreng, sefubeng, matheba a lamunu a mmala o khabisitsoeng. Mpa e tšoeu. Morao, mapheo a sootho. Malinyane a sootho. E lula e le makhapetla a thata, hangata e ba har'a mafika a phefoang ke moea.
Adelie Penguins
Boholo ba linonyana ke 60-80 cm, boima ba hoo e ka bang 6 kg. Nkoe e ka holimo mokokotlong, mpa e tšoeu. Ho pota-pota mahlo ho na le kutu e tšoeu. Likolone tse ngata li kopanya linonyana tse ka bang halofo ea milione.
Sebopeho sa li-penguin se khetholloa ke bohelehele, ho sisinyeha, ho ferekana. Sena se bonahala haholo kahong ea lihlaha, ha majoe a bohlokoa a boleng bo holimo a lula a utsuoa ke baahisani. Pontšo ea linonyana e tletse lerata. Ho fapana le beng ka motho ea lihlong tsa mefuta e meng, Adele ke nonyana e bonolo. Pelong ea lijo ke krill. Ho hlokahala ho fihlela ho 2 kg ea lijo ka letsatsi.
Li-penguin tsa Adélie selemo le selemo li khutlela sebakeng se le seng sa lihlaha le ho molekane a le mong
Gold Penguin (Penguin Dandy)
Lebitso le thehiloe ho sehlopha sa masiba a bosoeu bo bonojoana hloohong kaholimo ho mahlo. Moqapi o etsa hore ho be bonolo ho khetholla litsietsi. Kholo e batla e le cm 70-80. Bokolone ba bokella batho ba ka bang 60,000.
Puo ea mohoo le boitšisinyo e thusa ho buisana. Penguin dandy o lula hohle Antarctica, moo ho nang le metsi.
Peo e kholo
Phoofolo e jang nama e jang e sa tsome ka litlhapi feela, empa hape le liphooko. Ha a hane setopo haeba a fumana litopo tsa liqibi kapa tse anyesang. Mefuta e lihlekehlekeng tse haufi tsa Antarctica.
Mapheo a maholo a linonyana tse tsamaeang ka boea, bo ka ba 3 m, a hohela baeti ba matla. Ba fumana ntle ho tikatiko sebaka sa bona sa bolulo bakeng sa li-kilometre tse likete! Ba tseba ho sebelisa matla a moea 'me ba khona ho fofa ho potoloha lefatše.
Basesisi ba likepe ba ile ba bitsa linonyana "li-stinkers" bakeng sa monko o seng monate, mofuta oa ts'ireletso ho sera. Esita le litsuonyana sehlaheng se khona ho ntša monko oa metsi ka monko o bohloko haeba li ka ba kotsing. Matla le mabifi, ho ba fa matla ho tsamaea ho tloha tsoalong.
Albatrosses
Linonyana tse kholo tse nang le mapheo a bophahamo ba 4 m, bolelele ba 'mele ka bolelele ba 130. Ha li fofa, li tšoana le likhahla tse tšoeu. Ikutloe u thabile linthong tse fapaneng: moea le metsi. Lefatše le tsamaea ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang, 'me maqhubu a tloha matsoapong kapa mochesong. Li tsejoa ke basesisi ba likepe e le likepe tse tsamaeang le tsona - ho na le ho hong ho iphelisang ho tsoa ho litšila.
Albatrosses e bitsoa basesisi ba sa feleng hobane ba lula ba lema lewatle la leoatle, ba batla phofu ea bona. Li khona ho qoela litlhapi ho isa botebong ba limithara tse 5. Li lula lihlekehlekeng tse majoe. Ba bopa baratani bophelo bohle, 'me ba na le nako e telele, ho fihlela lilemo tse 50.
Great Skuas
Nonyana ea Antarctic, e amanang le leoatleng. Lepheo le bolelele ba cm 40. Le fofa ka tsela e phethahetseng, le ho potlakisa kapa ho fokotsa lebelo ho fofa. E ka lula sebakeng, mapheo a bilikang, ea tjeka kapele, kapele e hlasela phofu.
E itsamaela hantle fatše. E fepa linonyana tse nyane, malinyane a linaha tse ling, liphoofolo, ha e nyenyefatse litšila. Bosholu, ho nka litlhapi ho linonyana tse ling, eseng kapele haholo. E boreleli ebile e tiile ka lithemparetjha tse tlase.
Skua mapheo a fihla ho cm cm
Rabara ea Wilson
Nonyana e nyane e putsoa-e ntso-e bosoeu, e bitsoang leqhubu la leoatle bakeng sa boholo bo tšoanang le likarolo tsa sefofane. Bolelele ba 'mele bo ka bang 15 cm cm, mapheo ho fihlela ho cm 40. Liphetoho tsa tsona, tse fofang moeeng li potlakile, li bohale ebile lia khanya.
Ka linako tse ling li shebahala li lula holim'a metsi, li tants'etse ka maoto a malelele holim 'a metsi. Menoana joalokaha eka e hokahantsoe ke 'mala oa lamunu. Kahoo ba bokella phofu e nyane, e qoela ho teba, ka cm 15-20. Ba bokana ka liphokojoe mafikeng, sehlaheng sebakeng se le seng.
Motho e mong le e mong oa utloisisa seo liphoofolo li lulang ho sona Antarctica, - ke bona feela ba matla ka ho fetisisa ba ka lulang k'honthinenteng e nang le permafrost le bask leoatleng le nang le lehloa. Lefatše la tlhaho mona le felisa ba fokolang.
Empa lintlha tse makatsang li bontša hore liphoofolo tse ngata ka har'a mefuta ea tsona li mosa ebile li tsotella beng ka tsona. Tikoloho ea kantle e ba kopanya. Ke feela ka mofuthu oa tsona le likolo tse ngata moo ba bolokang bophelo Antarctica e thata le e makatsang.
Penguin ea Subantarctic
Pantin ea subantarctic, eo hape e tsejoang e le papuan penguin. E bonoa habonolo ke mola oa eona o motšo o mosoeu o phallang ka holim'a hlooho ea eona le molomo oa eona o bofubelu bo khanyang oa lamunu. Mofuta ona o na le maoto a marang-rang a boreleli, 'me mohatla o molelele ke ona o ikhethang ho feta li-penguin tsohle.
Penguin ea papuan e fihla bophahamong ba 51 ho isa ho 90 cm, e ba etsa mofuta oa boraro o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa penguin, kamora mefuta e 'meli e meholo: Emperor le king penguin. Tse tona li na le boima bo boholo ba li-kilogre tse 8,5, hang-hang pele li qhibiliha, le boima bo bonyane li boima ba kilo tse 4,9 pele li emoloa. Ho basali, boima bo tloha ho 4,5 ho isa ho 8,2 kg. Mofuta ona ke o potlakileng ka tlasa metsi, o nts'etsa lebelo la ho fihlela ho 36 km / h. Li ikamahanya hantle le maemo a leholimo a mabe haholo.
Li-penguin tsa subantarctic li fepa haholo ka li-crustaceans, 'me litlhapi li etsa hoo e ka bang 15% ea lijo.
Antarctic krill
Antarctic krill ke moemeli oa taelo ea Euphusi, e tloaelehileng metsing a Antarctic a Leoatle le ka Boroa. Ena ke crustacean e nyane e lulang ka lihlopha tse kholo, ka linako tse ling e fihla ho batho ba 10,000-30000 ka mita ea li-cubic. Krill o fepa ka phytoplankton. E hola ka bolelele ba 6 cm, e boima ho fihlela ho 2 g, mme e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang tse tšeletseng. Krill ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea mantlha tlholehong ea Antarctica,' me ho ea ka biomass, mohlomong ke liphoofolo tse atileng haholo polaneteng (tse ka bang limilione tse 500, tse lumellanang le batho ba limilione tse likete tse 300-400).
Belgica antarctica
Belgica antarctica ke lebitso la Selatine bakeng sa mofuta o le mong oa likokoanyana tse sa fofang ho ea ho Antarctica. Bolelele ba eona ke 2-6 limilimithara.
Kokoanyana ena e na le 'mala o motšo, ka lebaka leo e khona ho monya mocheso hore o pholohe. E ka boela ea ikamahanya le liphetoho lipakeng tsa letsoai le pH, 'me ea phela ntle le oksijene bakeng sa libeke tse 2-4. Ka mocheso o ka tlase ho 15 - C, Belgica antarctica ea shoa.