Serurubele se ka tlasa metsi ke leruarua la sperm!
Moeti oa rona kajeno o tsoma botebo ba leoatle ka menoana e le 'ngoe. Bolelele ba sebopuoa sena ha bo tlase ho bolelele ba koloi e tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, 'me boima ba eona bo lekana le boima ba tanka. U se u ntse u utloisisa hore na re bua ka mang? Pele u sperm whale!
Sperm whale e lula maoatleng ohle a lefatše. Tse tšehali le manamane li lula metsing a chesang a mongobo, 'me ke banna ba baholo feela ba sebete ba sesa metsing a batang a Arctic le Antarctic.
Letsatsi le leng le le leng, "carnivore" ena e kholo ea "carnivore" e monya lijo tse ka bang toni, e ja litlhapi, octopuse le squid. Tšoelesa ena e nyoloha holimo hore e heme moea o moholo, ebe e inamela e le khilomitara e batlana le phofu ea eona.
Sperm whale e khona ho ikutloa e le mohlaseluoa oa eona ka ho sebelisa khopolo-taba. Karolo ea eona e ka pele ea hlooho e ntša liphihlelo tse matla selikalikoeng sa ultrasonic. Joalo ka seketsoana sa marang-rang, sperm whale e hlakisa sebopeho sa eona le hore na se hlasetsoe ke mang.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore sperm whale e lula e hohela tlhokomelo ea lingoli le bataki ka lebaka la ponahalo ea eona e sa tloaelehang le sebopeho sa eona se rarahaneng.
Ponahalo ea leruarua la sperm
Bolelele ba 'mele oa banna ke limithara tse 18-20,' me linatla tsena li boima ho tloha ho lithane tse 50 ho isa ho tse 70.
Tse tšehali li nyane hanyane ho feta tse tona, boima ba 'mele oa tsona bo fapana ka har'a lithane tse 30,' me ka bolelele li fihla ho limitara tsa 13-15.
Mofuta oa sperm whale o na le mohatla o moholo.
Sperm whales e na le ponahalo ea pele le e sa tloaelehang. Karolo ea sehlooho ke hlooho ea boholo bo boholo, e etsang karolo ea boraro ea 'mele kaofela. Boemo bo bontša hore na karolo e ka pele e kholo hakae. Haeba u sheba sperm whale ka pele, hlooho ea eona e inamela ka mahlakoreng le likepisi ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho tloha qaleho ea setloholo. Ho tse tona, karolo e ka pele e kholo haholo ho feta ho basali le liphoofolo tse nyane.
Ka boholo bo joalo ba hlooho, maruarua a sperm a boetse a na le boko bo boholo, empa ha e le hantle sena se fosahetse ka ho felletseng. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea hlooho e tletse ka liponche tsa seponche tse nang le mafura. Ho tloha lesela lena, ka thuso ea kalafo e khethehileng, batho ba fumana spermaceti - ntho e nang le waxy.
Ntho ena e sebelisitsoe nako e telele bakeng sa ho etsa likerese, litlolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa oli le litlolo. Empa boemo bona bo se bo fetile, kajeno ho entsoe lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sa nkeng spermaceti. Tabeng ena, ha ho na tlhoko ea ho senya maruarua a sperm, a ileng a fokotsa haholo ho tsoma ha liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang.
Sperm whales ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tebileng.
Hobaneng ha maqeba a sperm a hloka lithane tsa spongy, esita le pela boko? Bo-rasaense ba bang ba lumela hore ka lebaka la ntho ena, bokhoni ba ho thella ba sperm whale bo eketseha. Mafura ka mocheso o tlase oa totobala, empa ka lithemparetjha tse phahameng, ho fapana le moo, e fetoha metsi.
Phallo ea mali e futhumatsa bongata bona, letsoalo la eona le fokotseha, ka lebaka leo phoofolo e hlahang kapele. Ha ho oela, ts'ebetso e khutlisetsang morao e sebetsa - mafura a matla, letsoalo la eona le ba leholo, 'me boima bo hula leruarua la sperm ka botebo.
Ho na le maikutlo a mang a hore mofuta ona oa spongy o kentse letsoho ho hlalosoeng. Ka thuso ea ntho ena, radiation ea ultrason e tsepamisitse maikutlo linthong tse hlokahalang. Ka mantsoe a mang, ntho ena e lumella leruarua le leng ho thibela litšitiso le ho bona lijo. Ho na le likhopolo tse ling, empa ka maikutlo a tšoanang, ke hobane'ng ha maratsoana a sperm a hloka lithane tsa seponche lihloohong tsa bona tse nang le mafura, bo-rasaense ha ba lumellane.
Ka nako e 'ngoe senatla sena se ka tlas'a metsi se tsoa metsing.
Mmala oa 'mele oa sperm whale ha o ka ba motšo kapa o sootho. Maemong ana, mmele o kaholimo o lefifi ho feta o tlase. Haufi le molomo, letlalo le na le leseli le tšoeu le lesoeu. Motheo oa mohatla o na le 'mala o tšoanang.
Ka morao ho na le fin ea dorsal, mme ka morao ho eona ho na le mekhoa e meng e mengata e ts'oanang, empa e nyane haholo. Taya e moqotetsane le e telele e na le meno. Meno a sperm whale a maholo haholo, leino le leng le le leng le boima ba li-kilos tse 1,5. Ka mohlahare o kaholimo ho na le likhahla tseo meno a kenang ho tsona. Mohlahare oa ka tlase o bonolo, leruarua la eona la sperm le ka bula hoo e ka bang 90 degrees. Ka lebaka la molomo o joalo, sebatana sena se ka metsa phofu ea sona e kholo.
Lesapo la sperm whale le phefumoloha ka nko e ka letsohong le letšehali, ha le sa tsebe letho le khona ho le kenya moeeng, empa ha le e tlohele, hobane e na le mothapo o khethehileng. Karolo ena ea sebopeho e lumella leruarua la sperm hore le khone ho fumana oksijene. Sperm whales e ka ba botebo ba hora. Mohatla oa makhapetla a sperm o matla, qetellong ea eona ho na le bophara ba limithara tse 5. Masiba a pectoral a pharaletse ebile a makgutshwane.
Ha ho bapisoa le batho, maruarua a sperm ke linatla tsa 'nete.
Boitšoaro ba sperm whale le phepo e nepahetseng
Sperm whales ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang hampe. Motheo oa lijo tsa maruarua a nang le masoba ke octopuse, squid le cuttlefish.
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho ja li-werm tsa sperm le eona ke tlhapi. Linonyana tsena tse nang le matlalo a matala li ja li-shark tse nyane, li-rays, li-bass tsa leoatleng, baemeli ba li-cod, baahi ba ka tlase le bohloeki. Hangata, sperm whales e tsoma ka botebo ba limithara tse 400 ho isa ho 1200. Bakeng sa sehlabelo se monate, sperm whale e ka oela ho 3000 metres.
Ka tloaelo, maruarua a mantle a hlaha ka mor'a metsotso e meng le e meng e 30. Kamehla li phahama 'me li oele fatše. Ho thella holim'a metsi, makhapetla a sperm a ntša liliba tse matla tsa metsi, a fihlang bophahamong ba limithara tse 3-4. Empa jete e joalo e lebisitsoe eseng holimo, joalo ka maruarua kaofela, empa ka angle. Bakeng sa tšobotsi ena, sperm whale whluk e khetholoha habonolo ho litho tse ling tsa lelapa.
Mohlape oa sperm whale.
Mehlape e nang le menoana e metona e lula mehlapeng, hangata, e le basali ba basali ba 10-15 ba bokana haufi le e le ngoe e tona e holileng tsebong. Liqhomane tse 'maloa tse joalo li ka kopanngoa ho ba sehlopha se le seng se seholo. Litho tsa sehlopha se seholo joalo li fepa hammoho le ho falla. Lehlabuleng, maruarua a makhapetla a ea metsing a ka leboea, 'me mariha - ho futhumala ho futhumetseng.
Basali ha ba lumele banana ba banyenyane, ka hona ba qobelloa ho bokana ka lihlopha tse arohaneng. Khohlano e kholo hangata e hlaha pakeng tsa ba batona ka holim'a tokelo ea ho ba le basali. Lintoa tse joalo tse sehlōhō li ka fela lefung la e mong oa ba batona.
Sperm whales ha e qoele feela ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, empa hape e tlole hantle, e ka tlohella ka metsing ka botlalo. Ka linako tse ling makhapetla a sperm a hlaha ebe a ema ka metsing. Empa maruarua a nang le menoana ea maoto a marang-rang a sesa butle, nakong ea ho fepa, a rata ho tsamaea ka lebelo la li-kilomitara tse 10 ka hora, ka moo ho ka khonehang, empa a potlakela ho lik'hilomithara tse 35 ka hora.
Sperm whale ha se phoofolo e potlakileng haholo.
Sperm whales e ntša molumo oa likhokahano, cod le ho puruma. Li puruma haholo, molumo o ka tšoantšoa le enjene ea sefofane e sebetsang.
Sperm whale ke senatla se ka tlasa metsi.
Cetaceans ke liphoofolo tsa metsing. Amanang le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse ling. Ke liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Li shebahala joalo ka litlhapi, empa setho sa lelapa ke likubu. Cetaceans ha e na li-gill; ho hema ha tsona ke pulmonary. Li na le mali a futhumetseng, mocheso oa 'mele oa tsona ke 35-40 °, e bolokiloeng ke mafura. Boima le bolelele bo fapane, ho latela mefuta.
Cetaceans e arotsoe likarolo tse peli:
- Li-whiskers (toothless) ke maruarua.
- Ho na le menoang: makhoaba a mantle, li-dolphin, maruarua a 'molai, li-porpoises, narwhals.
Maruarua a arotsoe ka mefuta e 10:
- Sekepe.
- Finwal.
- Bowhead whale.
- South whale.
- Minke whale.
- Grey whale.
Maruarua ha a na kotsi, qoba likotsi tse kotsi. Li fuoa litsomi ka mohoma o lahleloang kantle ha o phahamela holimo e le hore o ka hula oksijene, ha o ntse o lokolla mats'oafo moeeng o bokelitsoeng nakong ea ho theoha ha scuba. Mefuta eohle e na le liliba tsa bolelele bo fapaneng le libopeho. Bophahamo bo fihla ho 15 m mme ho latela botebo ba ho qoelisoa. Mefuta e meholo, ka lebaka la tokollo e matla ea mouoane, e ntša bomba la hum, le ka utloang lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa.
Mmele o bopehile joaloka lerotholi bakeng sa metsi a fokolang ha a sesa. Limela tse tsoang 4-6 ho isa ho 33 m boima ho tloha ho lithane tse 3 ho isa ho tse 190 . Linko li haufi le moqhaka oa hlooho. Mahlo a manyane, ho fihla ho 1 kg ka boima, d = 10-17 cm .. Mefuteng e nyane - boholo ba ntja. Pono ha e ea nepahala. Sebakeng sa meno, mefuta eohle ea lipoleiti tsa masapo e na le lesapo la whalebone. Li fafatsa lijo. Maruarua a Baleen ha a tsometse lijo, ho bonahala a fula, a ntse a phunyeletsa lipatlelong tsa likhalase tse nyane le litlhapi tse nyane.
Colouring ke monophonic, moriti, letheba, letlalo le boreleli. Ha ho na kelello ea monko, li-receptors tsa tatso li ikutloa feela tatso e letsoai. Ho utloa - melumo e khetholloa ho tloha ho 150 Hz ho maqhubu a molumo. Eba le mohopolo o monate oa ho ama. Maruarua ha a na likhoele tsa lentsoe, a utloisisana ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tsa sonar tse entsoeng ke masapo a sephali le mafura a tataisang lets'oao la ultrasound.
Maruarua a tsamaea ka lebelo 25-40km / h . Ba phela lilemo tse 30-50. Baahi ba maoatle ohle.
Boholo ba tsona li nyalane, li beleha lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli. Ba qala ho ikatisa ho tloha ho lilemo tse 3-5, 'me ba holile tsebong ka lilemo tse 12. Tse tona li ka nyala selemo ho pota. Boimana, likhoeli tse 7-18. Konyana e le 'ngoe e tsoaloa e na le mohatla oa eona pele, e boima ba lithane tse 2-3, bolelele - 1⁄4 kapa 1⁄2 bolelele ba tšehali. O sesa ka boits'oaro, empa o haufi le mme oa hae mme o fepa lebese la mafura a 54% bakeng sa halofo ea selemo.
Maruarua a maputsoa a fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 33, boima ba lithane tse 150-190. Li khetha metsi a batang. Ba lula ba le bang. Botebo ba ho qoelisoa ho fihlela ho 500 m le ho feta, moo e fumanehang ho 50 min. Lebelo la ho tsamaea - 50k m / h, nakong ea ho falla - 30 km / h.
Sperm whales ke tsona tse kholo ka ho fetisisa maruarong a sootho. Bolelele ba banna ke ho fihlela ho 20 m, mme boima bo fihla ho litone tse 50, bolelele ba basali bo fihla ho 15 m, mme boima ke litone tse 30.
Liphoofolo tsa mehlape li bokana ka lihlopha tsa makholo a 'maloa esita le a likete. Ho tsamaea ka lebelo ho fihla ho 35 km / h qoela ka botebo ho fihla ho 3,5 km . Li-thermophilic, ha li etsahale ka metsing a batang. Li bolokiloe hole le lebopo, moo botebo bo sa feteng 200 m. Ba tsoma lijo tsa mohlape, botebong ba limithara tse 1000 ha ho na bahlolisani. Cephalopods, esita le squid tse kholo (fihla ho 18 m), litlhapi, lishaka lia jeoa. - Ja lijo tse boima ba lithane tse 1 ka letsatsi. Liperela tsa Swallow tse oeleng ka leoatleng: libotlolo, terata, lieta. Hangata majoe a metsoa ho tloha botebong ba lijo bakeng sa ho sila lijo ka mpeng.
Li fapana le li-cetaceans tsohle ka hlooho e kholo - 35% ea bolelele bohle ba 'mele. Hlooho e lekantsoeng e inameletsoe ka mahlakoreng. Ka tlase hloohong ho na le mohlahare o lutseng ka meno a 20-16 a bopehileng joaloka meno. Boima ba leino le le leng - ho fihlela ho 1 kg. Mohlahare o tlase o bula 90 °.
Leihlo d = 15 cm, masoba a tsebe a behiloeng ka mora mahlo. Litho tsa pono le monko ha lia ntlafatsoa. Seliba se nyoloha ka 40 °. Ho phefumoloha ho etsoa ke linko tse ka letsohong le letšehali, e leng moea o le mong feela o tsoang. Sperm whale e hula e tebile haholo ka nako e telele ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha vala ea shutter, e fanang ka phepelo ea oksijene.
Letlalo le boreleli, bohlooho bo lefifi ka tint e putsoa, e sootho le e ntšo mebala e sootho ea khonahala. Sekhahla sa mafura se fihlang ho 50cm.
Sperm whale boko e fihla 8 kg mme pelo e 1 m2 . Ho ba teng ha sekhahla sa spermaceti (mafura a setopo) - 10 t - e thusa marang-rang a sperm hore a qoele botebong ba eona, e ea e folisa, ke sesebelisoa sa ho latellana sa "echo-tracking".
Mehlape ea sperm e tsamaea ntle le sebopeho se itseng, tse tona li theha mehlape ea tsona, mme tse tona li lula li le ling.
Ba hlahisa melumo ka sebopeho sa cod, konopo, moan. Li ka hlaha 'me tsa ema holima sekala sa metsi, tsa tsoa ka metsing ka botlalo. Ba robala ka metsing, boroko bo tebileng bo sa senyeheng - metsotso e 10 - freezing ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Ka mafolofolo ikatise ka selemo. Ho na le banna ba batona ba ka bang 15 ba bokellang basali ba ka bang 15. Ba batona ba holileng tsebong - ba lilemo li 22-26, tse tšehali - ea lilemo li 14-17. Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 15-18, lesea le le leng le hlahile, le le boima ba thane, bolelele ba 3-4 m. Ba fepa lebese likhoeli tse 13. Malinyane a na le bo-'m'a 'ona ba lilemo tse 5-7. Sperm whales e phela ho fihlela halofo ea lekholo.
Ho hlahisa le ho phela nako e telele
Nako ea kemaro ho sperm whales ke lilemo tse 1.5. Ngoana a le mong o lula a hlaha, e le bolelele ba limithara tse tharo le boima bo le bong. Mme o fepa lebese la lesea selemo. Nakong ena, lesea le eketseha ka boholo ka makhetlo a 2, 'me meno a hae a hlaha.
Ho ba lilemong tsa botšehali ho botšehali ho etsahala ka lilemo tse 7, mme ho ba batona - ka lilemo tse 10-12. Tse tšehali li tlisa nako e le ngoe ho tse tharo. Matla a ho ba le bana a lula le bona ho fihlela a le lilemo li 40-45. Ka karolelano, nako eo motho a tla phela ha a phela ka makhopho ke lilemo tse 50-60. Empa maemong a bophelo a matle, linatla tsena li ka tšela lilemo tse 70. Ka ho fetisisa monyetla o moholo oa ho phela ke lilemo tse 80.
Ho kopana le diver le sperm whale.
Tloaelehileng lipakeng tsa whale le sperm whale
- Order - liphoofolo tsa metsing, mofuta - chordates, sehlopha - liphoofolo tse anyesang.
- Warmblood, phefumoloho ea pulmonary
- Steam kholomo e petsoha ha o hloella holimo
- Mmele o bopehileng oa letsopa
- Ho na le likhoele tsa lentsoe
- Li na le sesebelisoa sa echolocation
- Fana ka konyana e le 'ngoe
- Lesea le fepiloe lebese
- Monogamous
- Boteng ba litšoelesa tse anyesang ho basali, ho ba sieo ha litšoelesa tse ling tsa letlalo
Lira tsa Sperm Whales
Sperm whales maoatleng ha a na lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Lenaba la mantlha ke maruarua a bolaeang a hlaselang basali le liphoofolo tse nyane. Killer whales ha e tsilatsile ho tsoma. Lishaka tse kholo le tsona ha li na kotsi e kholo ho sperm whale.
Empa ho tsoa ho motho e kholo tsenyo e kholo ho baahi. Batho ba qetile lilemo tse makholo ba tsoma meea ea limela. Ho motho a le mong, o ka fumana lithane tse 6 tsa spermaceti le lithane tse 10 tsa mafura. Likatse tse joalo li theko e boima haholo.
Empa makhopho a sperm whale a ka iphelisa, ho bile le maemo a mangata ha linatla tsena li ne li fetolela likepe tse nyane. Sperm whale e kanna ea metsoa ke batšoasi ba litlhapi metsing. Haeba u nahana ka likarolo tsa maratsoana ana a makatsang, ho hlakile hore motho o kena ka mpeng a phela. Ha a le moo, o shoa kapele ka lebaka la ho tepella le phello e senyehang ea lero la gastric.
Ho tloha ka 1985, ho tsoma maruarua a sperm whale ho se ho thibetsoe, mme ho hang ha ho a ameha indastering ea bongaka le ea litlolo. Kajeno, maruarua a ka bang likete tse 500 a phela metsing a leoatle. Baahi ba ntse ba eketseha butle, empa litaba tse monate ke hore ha e fokotsehe.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.
Phapang pakeng tsa whale le sperm whale
Maruarua | ||
Suborder | Mustachioed (Toothless) | E tiisitsoe |
Litorphism | Ba batona ke ba batona ho feta | Tse tona ke tse tšehali |
Mokhoa oa bophelo | Hangata, ke mehlape e le 'notši | Mehlape, mehlape ea batho ba makholo le ba likete |
Mokhoa oa ho fumana lijo | Joalokaha eka ke "makhulo", e sefa lijo ka lehong la letsoho | Ba tsoma mehlape, ba tšoasa, ba metsa phofu ea bona |
Fumana lijo | Ka botebo ba 100-200 m | Ka botebo ba 1000 m |
E jang | Li-crustaceans tse nyane, litlhapi tse nyane | Cephalopods (ho kenyeletsoa squid e kholo), litlhapi tse kholo, lishaka tse ling |
Habitat | Maoatle kaofela a rata metsi a batang | Ea futhumatsang moea, o ke ke oa kopana metsing a batang |
Boholo | Nako e telele ho fihlela ho 33 m, e boima ho fihlela ho 190 t | Nako e telele ho fihla ho 20 m, e boima ho fihlela ho 50 t |
Lebelo la motsamao | 20-50km / h | 10-35km / h |
Hlooho | E atoloha 'meleng | Hlooho e kholo - 35% ea 'mele, e khutšoane |
Meroho | Mohlahare o ka tlase o moholo ho feta holimo, sebakeng sa meno, lipoleiti tsa manaka | Mohlahare o kaholimo o moholo ho feta o tlase, mohlahare o lutse ka lipara tse 20-25 tsa meno |
Botebo bo tebileng | Ho fihla ho 500 m | Ho fihla ho 3,5 km |
E ka tlasa metsi | 10- 40 min | 1.5 h |
Seliba | Flat ho 15m ka bolelele | Ka boholo ba 45 ° |
Ho utloahala melumo | Steam humming | banging, ho tobetsa, ho bobola |
Tsamaiso | Nako le selemo li tsamaea ka nako e le 'ngoe tseleng e le' ngoe, li khutlela libakeng tse tšoanang | Se ke oa latela tloaelo ea ho feto-fetoha ha nako ka linako |
Lebelo la Ho Tsamaisa | Ho fihla ho 30 km / h | 10 km / h |
Colouring | Phula, moriti, letheba | Moriri o lefifi o nang le 'mala o moputsoa,' mala o lefifi le o lefifi o ka khona. |
Letlalo | Smooth | E koenya |
Sesebelisoa sa Echolocation | Masapo a konkreite ea lehata le karolo e mafura li etsa lense ea molumo le ponahalo | Mokotla oa Spermacet |
Holim'a metsi | Tsoha ho phefumoloha moea | Li ka tlola ka metsing ka ho felletseng, ka linako tse ling li hlaha ebe li ema li otlolohile ka boteng |
Boroko | Ho robala ka mokokotlong o le mong e le hore o se ke oa khangoa ke metsi | Ba robala ba otlolohile, joalo ka liphaseje, ha ba khangoe ke boroko bo tebileng bo sa qojoeng ho fihlela metsotso e 12 |
Ho tsala | Ho tloha ho lilemo tse 3-5, ho kena bohlankaneng ho tloha ho lilemo tse 12 | Ho kena bohlankaneng ba batona ba lilemo tse 23-25, tse tšehali - lilemo tse 15-17 |
Boimana | Likhoeli tse 7-18 | Likhoeli tse 16-17 |
Lebese le fepiloe | Ho fihlela likhoeli tse 4-7 | 1 selemo |
Moemeli ea kholo ka ho fetisisa oa subothy whale ke, e le hantle, ke sperm whale e pharalletseng (Physeter macrocephalus).Ke ea bobeli maoatleng a Atlantic le Indian le Pacific Oceans, e ajoang holim'a metsi a futhumetseng a leoatle, ha e le Leboea la Leboea le Boroa ha ho joalo.
Sperm whale ke moahi oa leoatle le bulehileng, ha e hasane hohle feela maoatleng a naha ea habo eona, empa ka linako tse ling e feta ho tloha leoatleng le leng ho ea ho le leng, ho etsa mohlala, sperm whale o ile a bolaoa Leoatleng la Atlantic, eo mmeleng oa hae ho neng ho e-na le mekotla e fumanoeng ke Leoatle la Pacific.
Leha ho le joalo, sperm whale, ho bonahala, ka kakaretso e lula sebakeng se lekanyelitsoeng sa ho ajoa, hobane Bay of Bengal le haufi le Ceylon, moo e neng e fumaneha ka bongata bo boholo, hajoale, ka lebaka la mahloriso a matla, e se e le seoelo. Ho ka buuoa se tšoanang le ka Pacific Boroa.
Molemong oa mafura a whale
Ka tlhaho, palo ea mafura a marang-rang a marang-rang a sperm whale ha e lula e le kholo joalo ka liphoofolo tsa batho ba baholo nakong e fetileng. Leruarua le leng le leholo haholo la sperm whale, le ileng la tšoaroa ka 1857 haufi le Lihlekehleke tsa Galapagos, le ile la fana ka li-barrel tsa 85 tsa mafura, ha le ntse le tšoaroa sebakeng se le seng ka 1817 le ile la a fa libare tse 100.
Bakeng sa semela
Ntle le mafura a whale, sperm whale e boetse e fa se bitsoang spermaceti, se fumanehang ka bongata hloohong ea phoofolo. Boholo ba bohlokoa ba hlooho, bo fihla kotara ea bolelele ba 'mele oa phoofolo, ka hona, mmoho le palo ea meno, eo 20-25 ka halofo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mohlahare o ka tlase, letšoao le ka sehloohong la sperm whale. Ka hloohong ea sperm whale ho na le patsi e pharalletseng e tlatsitsoeng ke spermaceti, e ka tlase e bopehileng ka sekoaelo sa lehata, e etsa lerako le phahameng la letheka karolong e ka morao ea eona, e ts'oaroang haholo ka pela moqomo oa sperm whale o phahame haholo ebile o pharaletseng mme ka hona, ho kenngoa sekhahla se seholo sa spermatozet.
Ho fapana le karolo e kaholimo ea hlooho, mohlahare o molelele o tlase, o makala ka bobeli a kopaneng bohareng ba bolelele ba bolelele ba bolelele ba ona, o tšesaane haholo.
Makala a mohlahare o ka tlase a hlometse ka meno a kentsoeng ntlheng ea morao, a bohale ho fihlela a hlakoloa, 'me a entsoe ka ntho e tšoanang hantle le lenaka la tlou. Meno a ikoalla sebakeng se seholo tlase molomong o molelele le o pharaletseng, a bula ka tlase, a khutla hanyane ka hanyane ho tloha pheletsong ea sefuba, ebe o fetoha 'metso o sephara haholo. Hoo e batlang e le kaholimo ho molomo o koalang, hantle ka holimo qetellong ea kotlo, ha se bohareng, 'me ka ho le letšehali ho eona, ho na le sebopeho se tloaelehileng sa S se bopehileng ka nko, leihlo le behiloe hanyane holima sekhutlo sa molomo,' me hole ka morao ho eona ke lesoba la tsebe. e sa feteng bophara ba 6,5 mm.
Haufi le ea morao-rao, e leng, ka morao hanyane le ka tlase ho leihlo, Finti ea pituo e hokahane le 'mele. Sperm whale ha e na dorsal fin. Sebakeng seo, ntlheng ea hlooho le 'mele ho na le bophahamo bo hlakileng bo bohareng ba mokokotlo,' me bohareng ba leralla lena le mohatla ho na le kholo e kholo ka mokhoa oa hump e entsoeng ka letoto la libaka tse nyane tse phahameng. Bokaholimo ba letlalo la letsoai le pentiloe 'mala o moputsoa kapa o sootho, mahlakore a eona le mpa ea eona e bobebe,' me sefuba se sephara.
Ka linako tse ling, leruarua la sperm whale, leo banna ba bona ba khale ba tobaneng le sefahleho le karolo e kaholimo ea hlooho ea bona, le hlaha linthong tse bobebe tse bobebe kapa tse bosootho bo bobe. Mofuta oa sperm whale o tšoauoa ka mebala e ka hare ho molomo le leleme, li tšoeu tse bosoeu. Ka lebaka la maemo ana, sperm whale e hula phofu ea eona, e nang le cephalopods le tlhapi, e leketlisa mohlahare oa eona o tlase hoo e batlang e le tlase, 'me liphoofolo tse li sebeletsang li khahloa ke botle bo bosehla ba molomo,' me ea li tšoara, li e koala ka potlako.
Phefumoloho
Lesapo la sperm whale le lula ka tlasa metsi bakeng sa lijo le kena-kenana le ho nepahala ho joalo ka phefumoloho ea phoofolo, kaha sena, mohlomong, ha se hlahe ho li-cetaceans tse ling. Sperm whale ea boholo bo fapaneng, ka hona ke bong bo fapaneng le lilemo, e fapana ka sekhahla sa ho phefumoloha le nako e sebelisoang tlasa metsi le holim 'a metsi.
Tse tona tse kholo li nka metsotsoana e leshome ho isa ho e leshome le metso e 'meli ho inhale le exhale, li lule holim'a metsi nako e ka etsang metsotso e 12 mme nakong ena ea nako li etsa li-inhalation le li-exhalation tse 60-75. Ha sperm whale e nyolohela holim'a metsi hore e khone ho hema, e qala ho hlaha, ebe hlooho ea eona e tsoa butle butle ka metsing, eo ka nako ea metsotsoana e meraro e kenyang moea o phoroselang o nang le mouoane o mosoeu, ka linako tse ling kholomo ena e ka bonoa e le holimo hofihlella ka moqomong hole. Lik'hilomithara tse 10, empa ha e tsamaisane le lerata lefe kapa lefe.
Bakeng sa ho inhalation, ha sperm whale e ea pele, ha e hloke motsotsoana. Le kamora ho lula pela metsi hakhutšoanyane, o ntša litšila tse tšoanang le tsa mouoane oa metsi, joalo ka ha ho etsahetse joalo.
Ha e kenella hare, sperm whale e nyamela ka holimo, e qala hloohong ebe e phahamisa mohatla holimo moeeng, metsing e tebela botebong ba metsi 'me e lula lipakeng tsa metsotso e 50-70. Liphoofolo tse tšohileng li nyamela ka holim'a metsi ka tšohanyetso, le haeba li ka teba ka metsing. Haeba li sa khathatsehe, joale nakong ea ho phefumoloha hangata li robala holim'a metsi ntle le ho ea pele. Ka motsamao o khutsitseng, ba sesa ka lebelo la km km / h, mme lebelo lena le ka nyoloha le haeba sperm whale e tsoa sebakeng se le seng sa ho fumana lijo tsa bona e fetela ho e ngoe. Haeba sperm whale e phaphama, joalo ka tloaelo, e le boemong ba metsi, e le hore feela mothapo oa eona o fuoe, e fihlella ka lebelo la 14 km / h; haeba, ha e ntse e sesa, e inama ka tsela e fapaneng ebe e phahamisa hlooho ea eona ka holim'a metsi, ka nako e 'ngoe e ka sesa -24 km / h
Sperm whale - phoofolo ea mohlape
Sperm whale hangata e fumanoa mehlapeng, mehleng ea khale ho tloha ho 15 ho isa ho batho ba makholo a 'maloa. Hangata banna le basali ba lilemo tsohle ba kopanela mehlapeng e joalo ba etelletsoe pele ke ba batona kapa ba bararo ba batona. Tse tšehali li hlokomela polokeho ea mohlape le malinyane, athe tse tšehali li nyarosa mabapi le li-comrade tse bolailoeng, hobaneng, kamora ho bolaea sperm whale ea pele, hangata u ka bolaea ba bang ba 'maloa.
Banana ba banyenyane, ka nako e 'ngoe ea selemo ba etsa mehlape e ikhethileng, ho fapana le moo, ba tlohela balekane ba bona ba lemetseng ho ea pheletsong ea bona, mme banna ba baholo, bao ba bang, ba baholo le ba baholo, ba nang le tloaelo ea ho phela ka nakoana, ho hlakile hore ba mpa ba itlhokomela.
Ho nyalisoa ha leruarua whale
Tse tšehali tsa sperm whale, tse nyalang ka nako efe kapa efe ea selemo, ka linako tse ling li nyala banyalani, hangata e le setsoe se le seng, seo ka nako ea tsoalo se bolelele ba 3.3-4.3 m.
Sperm whales e ne e batla e felisitsoe lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, ha ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa sperm whale ho ne ho lefshoa haholo, hobane sperm whale ke e 'ngoe ea bohlokoahali ho fetisisa har'a li-cetaceans le oli ea eona ea whale (blubber) e ne e le bohlokoa ho feta ballet ea maruarua a mang. Spermaceti, e neng e ka tlotsoa ka lihlaha ho tloha hloohong ea phoofolo, empa ea ba ea thatafatsa, ea bapala karolo ea bohlokoa khoebong, hape ho ekelletsa ho rusollaneng le ho spermaceti, seo ho thoeng ke ambergris, ntho e sebelisitsoeng pejana ho moriana, 'me joale e se e le ka litlolo tse nkhang hamonate, e lula e na le masala a cephalopods, ka hona e thehoa ka ka popelong, boima ba eona ba mantlha bo ile ba chesoa, leha ho le joalo, hangata e ne e se ho tsoa ho sperm whale, empa e fumanoe e phaphametse holim'a leoatle.
Ka 1980, thibelo ea polao ea mafahla a sperm e ile ea hlahisoa 'me palo ea bona ea eketseha butle-butle.
Loanela bophelo
Nakong ea ho hlaseloa ha sekepe se soeufatsang ka leruarung la sperm whale, e ile ea halefa haholo, ka lebaka leo sperm whale e ile ea putla khafetsa. Ho na le bopaki ba nalane ea likepe tse sentsoeng ke sperm whale. Ka 1851, sperm whale e lemetseng, e potlakela sekepeng se le seng sa molumo 'me e se otla ho tse ling, e ile ea potlakela ho e' ngoe, empa hanghang e ile ea khutlisetsoa ho ea boraro.
Monna eo o ile a khona ho baleha ho eena ka thata, mme a potlakela sekepeng se seholo, a mo atamela ka sekepe se felletseng. Leha ho le joalo, sekepe se ile sa khona ho theoha ka thuso ea phetoho e potlakileng phoofolo, eo kamora kamora moo e ileng ea oeloa ke lefu le bohloko mme ea sitoa ho pheta tlhaselo eo. Hobe le ho feta ho ne ho na le sekepe se seng.
Ka 1820, karolong e ka boroa ea Leoatle la Pacific, sekepe se le seng se ile sa hlaseloa ke leruarua le bohale la sperm whale, e leng lekhetlo la pele likotlo tse peli tse tsejoang hantle ho baka tsenyo e kholo sekepeng, 'me ea bobeli ea roba seqha, kamora hore sekepe se tebe. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, sekepe se ile sa lahleha ka 1851 lebopong la Peru. Ho na le maikutlo a hore likepe tse ngata tse nyametseng li bolailoe ke makhapetla a sperm.
Sperm whale whale
Kamora moo, o tsamaea sebaka se se seng ka tlasa metsi, e le hore ka thuso ea ea matla, hangata a latela e 'ngoe ka mor'a e' ngoe ha a otloa ka chelete e 'ngoe ea mapheoana, o tla fumana lebelo le joalo le tla mo lumella ho tlola hape ka holim'a metsi.
Ho feta moo, 'mele oa hae hang ha a qeta ho siea libopeho tsa metsi a batla a le halofo ea sekhutlo se nepahetseng le metsi,' me chelete ea "caudal" e lula e le sebakeng se otlolohileng. Ha e oela fatše, 'mele o fetoha hanyane hoo phoofolo e lulang e oela ka lehlakoreng la eona.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le phepo e nepahetseng
Motheo (80%) oa lijo tsa leruarua la sperm whale ke li-cephalopods: squid, ho kenyelletsoa le li-giants tse telele ho feta 10 m, le octopus. E loana le maruarua a maholohali a squid, mohlomong, ke ka lebaka la maqeba le matšoao a tsoang likhabaneng tsa ho hlapa lifahlehong le 'meleng ea bona. Hape, ho latela e 'ngoe ea litlatsetso tsa "molomo" oa squid tse jeoang, tse halefisang mala a sperm whale, ho baka ponahalo ea ambergris, ntho e nkhang hamonate e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa litlolo. Ntle le cephalopods, sperm whales e ja, leha e le khafetsa, litlhapi (li-stingrays, shark tse nyane, pollock, cod, saury, bass ea leoatle, joalo-joalo, le mefuta e tebileng ea leoatle - macroruses le angler). Mefuta ea sperm whale e monya ho isa ho tonone ka letsatsi, e leng 3% ea boima ba tsona.
Li-werm tsa sperm li etsa li-dives tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang. Ha li lelekisa phofu, li itihela botebong ba 1,2 km. Nako le nako ba bokella ho tsoa botebong ba makhoaba, crayfish, seponche esita le majoe. Kaha majoe ha a senngoe ke lero la gastric, maruarua a sperm a tlameha ho a hloka hore a koene lijo ka mpeng. Leruarua la "sperm whale" le ka lula tlasa metsi ho fihlela lihora tse 1,5, le ts'ehetsoang ke litaba tse phahameng tsa "myoglobin" mesifa le kutloelo-bohloko ea setsi sa ho phefumoloha ho bokellana ha carbon dioxide maling.
Sekhechana sa letlalo la sperm whale le koaetsoeng ke maqeba a tsoang ho squid sucker e kholo
Lebelo la whale ea makhulo ke la 5-6, ho sesa - 9-13, le lelekisoa kapa le tsoa likotsi - 16-30 km / h. Seliba sa sphale whale se pharaletse, se harelletse ka pele le ka ho le letšehali, ho fihlela bophahamo ba limithara tse 2 000. Ha leruarua le itokisetsa ho teba, e phahamisetsa mohatla moeeng ebe e kena metsing ka mokhoa o hlakileng. Haeba sperm whale, diving, ha e bonts'e mohatla, joale e teba. Ho na le boea bo nyarosang bo tsoang ka metsing, bo oela ka seretse se sa utloeng litsebeng, bo opa mohatla o moholo metsing. Ka tlasa metsi, a itsamaisa ka ho utloa le ho bua ka mantsoe, a etsa mefuta e meraro ea melumo: ho panya hakhutšoanyane le khafetsa, melumo e llang le ho qhoqha khafetsa.
Sebopeho sa sechaba le ho ikatisa
Sperm whale polygamen: harem tse nang le tsehali tse ka bang 10-15 li latela tse tona hammoho le tse anyesang. Haeba mehlape e kopantsoe hore e be mohlape o le mong, joale banna ba baholo ba 'maloa ba bolokoa le eona. Nako e 'ngoe pakeng tsa banna ba banna ba lilemo tse 4 ho ea ho 21 ba tlohela mohlape' me ba ikopanye ka lihlopha tsa bachelor. Ka lilemo, lihlopha tsena lia arohana; hangata tse tona li boloka e le ngoe ka ntle ho nako ea ho ikatisa.
Ho ikatisa mathoasong a sperm whale ho atolosoa 'me ho etsahala selemo. Ho ikatisa ho matla ka ho fetesisa ho bonoa nakong ea selemo. Peiso ea banna e mabifi 'me e tsamaisana le lintoa. Lihlopha tsa Bachelor tsa banna ba banyenyane ha li kopanele ho ba le bana. Banna ba holileng tsebong ba loana ka thata bakeng sa sebaka sa hlooho ea basali, ka linako tse ling ba tsoa likotsi tse mpe e mong ho e mong. Ka kakaretso, ke 10-25% feela ea banna ba baholo ba nkang karolo ea tsona ho ikatiseng.
Li-Cubs (bolelele ba 3.5-55 m le boima ba 1 t) li hlaha kamora likhoeli tse 14-16 kamora ho ima. E tšehali e fepa konyana ho fihlela lilemo tse peli. Sperm whales holile holima tse 8-11 lilemo tse (tsehali). Tse tona li na le lilemo tse ka bang 10, leha hangata li sa nke karolo ho ba le bana ho fihlela li le 25-27. Sperm whale e phela, kamoo ho hlakileng, lilemo tse 45-50.
Boemo ba Sechaba le Tšireletso
Lintlha tse nepahetseng tse ngata ha li fumanehe. Motheong oa tlhaiso ea sephetho sa lipatlisiso, ho hakanngoa hore ho na le phatlalatso e pharalletseng - ho tloha ho 200,000 ho isa ho batho ba likete tse 2000. Leha ho na le phofu e boima e fetileng, palo ea maruarua a makhopho a ts'oarehile ho feta mats'oafo a maruarua a mang, mohlomong ka lebaka la hore sperm whales e iphepa ka liphoofolo tse tebileng tsa leoatleng, tse tsongoang ka mokhoa o tlase.
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Lelapa la sperm whale - 6.4.1. Sperm Whale Physeter Sperm Whale>
Kotsi ho batho
Ntle le taba ea hore sperm whale e ka hohola le sekepe se seholo se lekaneng, sperm whale le eona ke eona feela e leng liphoofolo tsohle tse ka metsang motho ka ho phethahala. Hangata maemo ana a ne a sebelisoa lipale tse fapaneng tsa litšōmong.
Ka kakaretso, sperm whale whale e na le khotso, haeba u sa leke ho mo utloisa bohloko kapa bana ba hae.