Ho tšela litlhapi, ho phela ka leoatleng kapa matšeng a maholo, 'me ha e haola hoa e kenella linokeng.
Mofuta ona o tloaelehile leboea ho Atlantic le karolong e ka bophirima ea Leoatle la Arctic, ho tloha moo o kenang linokeng tsa mabopo a Europe le Amerika. Naheng ea Russia, e kenella linōkeng tsa Baltic, Barents le White Ocean, ka bochabela ho Noka ea Kara, e etsa sebopeho sa metsi a hloekileng matšeng a maholo. Naheng ea Rashea, ho na le litlhapi tsa salmon sebakeng sa Letša la Imandra, e leng mokhoa oa Likolo tsa Kuyto (Holimo, Bohareng le Boroa), Nyukozero, matšeng a Kamennoye, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega le Ladoga.
Molomo o khuts'oane, o moholo, lesapo le phaellaneng le fihla le emeng ka nqa e ka morao ea leihlo kapa butle-butle le feta ho lona. Chelete ea caudal ka har'a bana e khaotsoe ka matla, ho batho ba baholo - ka mokhoa o fokolang. Ho batho ba baholo, 'mele o ka tlas'a mohala oa morao o se nang matheba kapa ka linako tse ling o koahetsoe ka matheba a x a x-x. 'Mala oa ka morao leoatleng o botala bo botala kapa o putsoa, mahlakore a bosesane, mpa e tšoeu. Ho batho ba qalang, 'mala o lefifi ka' mala oa borashe, ka linako tse ling o na le matheba a mafubedu, makhopho a lefifi. Salmon e ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 150 le boima ba 40 kg.
Malinyane a fepa linokeng tse nang le likokoana-hloko tsa metsing le likokoanyana tse holileng leoatleng - haholo-holo herring, gerbil le crustaceans. Ho fepa hoa fumaneha North Atlantic, Leoatleng la Norway le West Greenland. Mona ke moo ho kopanngoang litlhapi tsa likolo tse fapaneng ho etsahala teng.
Tsela e tlohang leoatleng e eang linokeng e qala nakong ea selemo, hang ka mor'a hore leqhubu le akhotsoe, 'me e tsoela pele ho pholletsa le lehlabula le hoetla, ho fihlela linōka li phalla. Litlhapi tse kenang ka nako e fapaneng li na le mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho ea ho ikatisa (mefuta ea mariha le ea selemo). Linokeng, linate tsa batho ba baholo ha li je ho hang. Ho mela ho etsahala ka hoetla le mariha ka mocheso oa metsi oa 10 ho isa ho 0 ° C botebong ba 1 m, libakeng tse nang le motlakase o potlakileng. E tšehali e cheka liliba botlaaseng ba noka libakeng tse 'maloa, lihlaha moo e behelang mahe, kamora ho emolisa, ho pata lihlaha ka lehlabathe kapa lehlohlojane. Kamora ho mela, boholo ba bahlahisi ba shoa, empa ba bang ba its'oara ka leoatleng ebe ba tsoala hape selemong se tlang kapa selemong se tlang.
Nts'etsopele e nka libeke tse 13-19, ho fihlela ka Mphalane - Mots'eanong. Bacha ba lula nokeng hangata ho tloha selemo ho isa ho lilemo tse hlano. Stingray leoatleng e hlaha nakong ea selemo ka mor'a ho hoholeha ha leqhoa. Nōkeng, litlhapi tsa salmon li hola butle butle, ka senoelo sa litholoana - kapele haholo. Ka tloaelo li fihla lilemong tse 5 tsa ho kena bohlankaneng. Litlhapi li khutlela linokeng tsa sebaka seo li tsoaletsoeng ho sona.
Ho jaleha
Foromo e fetang e lula karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Atlantic. E tšolohela linōkeng ho tloha Portugal le Spain ho ea Leoatleng la Barents.
Sebopeho sa letamo la salmon Russia se lula matšeng a Kola Peninsula le Karelia: Imandra, sistimi ea lakes Kuyto (Upper, Middle and Lower), Nyuk, Kamenny, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega le Ladoga, Europe - ho la Norway, Sweden, Finland.
Salmon e lula ka tsela e fapaneng haholo. E tloaelehile karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Atlantic le karolong e ka bophirima ea Leoatle la Arctic. Haufi le lebopo la Europe ka boroa ho fihla Portugal, ka leboea-bochabela - Noka ea Kara. Naheng ea Russia, e kenella linōkeng tsa lebopo la Murmansk le Leoatle le Letšo, Pechora le linoka tsa Leoatle la Baltic. E le molao, e feptjoa ka leoatleng, moo mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lijo o kenang sekolo ke tlhapi - e leng spat, herring, herring, stlebackback tse tharo, e qhibilihang le gerbil.
Ho mela ho etsahala linokeng. Litlhapi tsa mofuta ona tse kenang nokeng li tsoa mobung oa ho fepa ha li fepe. Libaka tse fumanehang habonolo tsa Salmon li fumaneha libakeng tse holimo le tse bohareng tsa noka libakeng tsa phalliso, hangata mabopong a haufi le lebopo. Ho latela sebopeho sa phepelo ea bona le puso ea hydrological, libaka tse salletsoeng li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: maballo a nang le phepo ea mantlha, mocheso o phahameng oa metsi mariha (1-3 ° C), sekoaelo sa leqhoa le le khutšoane le libaka tse se nang letho tsa mocheso oa mariha, ka mocheso oa metsi oa mariha oa hoo e ka bang 0 ° C le sekoahelo sa leqhoa se tsitsitseng. Mabakeng a qalang a mofuta oa pele, bana ba tsoang ho li-tubercles ba tsoang pejana ba tsoa pejana, empa bacha ba hola butle ho feta maemong a mofuta oa bobeli. Libaka tse matlahali tsa tlhaho tsa salmon tsa Atlantic li ka nokeng tsa Shuya, Umba, Kemi.
Ke ntho e hlahisoang e le maiketsetso.
Tlhophiso ea moralo oa Lekala la Tlhaho ea Tlhaho ea Russia Atlantic Salmon - Masal salar (foromo ea metsi a hloekileng) e reriloe hore e kenyelletsoe lethathamong la lintho tsa fauna tse thathamisitsoeng ho Red Book of the Russian Federation (ho tloha ka la 1 Loetse 2016).
Atlantic Salmon ea Genetically Modified (Salmon ea AquAdentialage) e amohetsoe ke FDA ka November 2015 ho rekisoa United States.
Tlhaloso ea Salmon ea Atlantic
Salmon ea Atlantic e na le 'mele o molelele, o batlang o hatelloa hamorao. Moqomo o bolelele, o ts'oaroa ho batho ba baholo ebile o tloaelehile ho liphoofolo tse nyane.
Batho ba holileng ka thobalano ba boima ho feta 5 kg. Ho na le batho ba ka bang 30 kg, maemong a ikhethang, lipalo tse boima bo ka bang 40-45 kg li ka fumanoa li le bolelele ba 'mele oa litlhapi tse fihlang ho 150 cm.
Ka morao ho salmon ea Atlantic ho na le bohlooho bo botala, mahlakore a harelane, ka linako tse ling a na le matheka a maputsoa, mpa e le tšoeu-e tšoeu. Makhopho a bohlooho bo lefifi. Leha ho le joalo, 'mala oa litlhapi tse nyenyane le tse holileng tsebong o fapane.
Litlhapi tse nyane li ba le 'mala o lefifi ka' mala o hlakileng. Mpa ea litlhapi tsa batho ba baholo e tšoeu, mokokotlo oa bona o botala bo botala kapa o boreleli, 'me mahlakore a boreleli.
Tse tšehali nakong ea peō li na le mofuta oa bronze, moo ho hlahang matheba a mafubedu.
Mokhoa oa bophelo ba salmon
Salmon ea Atlantic ke sebatana. E fepa ka li-sprats tse nyane, herring, herring, smelt, gerbil le mefuta e meng ea litlhapi, hammoho le li-invertebrates tse nyane (shrimp, crabs, krill, echinoderms).
Salmon ha e phele nako e telele - lilemo tse 13- 13. Lilemo tsa pele tse tharo tsa bophelo, salmon ea Atlantic e lula linōkeng, ka mor'a moo e kenella ka leoatleng ebe e khutlela naheng ea habo eona bakeng sa ho phatloha.
Mokhoa oa ho khetha le ho boloka salmon
Kamehla o lokela ho nka karolo e boima haholo ea setopo. Mohatla o na le mafura a fokolang, kahoo tatso ea ona e tlase hanyane.
Salmon e sa tsoakoang e fofonela ha ho na letho, e na le 'mala o pinki-' mala, 'me ha e thellehe ho ama. Haeba tlhapi e na le 'mala o bofubelu bo khanyang, e ne e halikiloe ka dae. Barekisi ba sa tšepahaleng ba etsa sena ho pata moriti o moputsoa oa litlhapi tsa khale. Letšoao le leng la tšebeliso ea dae ke ho siea ha litlhapi tse 'mala oa lamunu tse khubelu lijaneng.
Salmon e ntle ka ho fetisisa ha e na serame. Nama ea eona e boreleli, e seha hantle le metso e tšesaane ebile ha e ntše metsi. Kamora ho hoama ka makhetlo a mabeli, salmon e lahleheloa haholo ke boleng, nama ea eona e ba joalo-ka porridge 'me ho ke ke ha khoneha ho khaola litlhapi tse joalo ka sandwich.
Litlhapi tsena li jeoa tse ncha ka mor'a ho belisoa hanyane. Ha ho na monyetla oa hore e tla khona ho e boloka ka nako e telele leha e le ka foromo e nang le letsoai, haholo haeba sebopeho se seholo se tšoaroa, hobane setopo se seholo se thata letsoai mme tlhapi e qala ho senyeha.
Ho thata ho utloisisa batho ba rekang salmon e halikiloeng ka oli. Ha e fokotsehe feela ha e latsoa litlhapi tse ncha ka tatso, hape e bitsa makhetlo a 'maloa. Leha, tatso le mmala, joalo ka ha o utloisisa.
Salmon ea Atlantic (salmon) ha e pheha
Ho boloka limatlafatsi tse lekaneng le lipalo tsa khalori, se ke ua futhumatsa salemone. Salmon e jeoa hanyane ka letsoai hanyane. Ho etsa sena, ho lekane ho khaola litlhapi ka lehare ho fihlela ho 1 cm e teteaneng mme o fafatsa ka letsoai le letšo, ebe o e tlohela sebakeng se futhumetseng bakeng sa halofo ea hora. Ka mokhoa ona, litlhapi tsa salmon li monate ka ho fetisisa ebile li phetse hantle.
Haeba bothata ba khaello ea livithamini bo sa u khathatse, litlhapi tsa salmon li ka tšoaroa ka kalafo ea mocheso. Meroho bakeng sa ho e lokisa ke lefifi. Ke ne nke ke ka khothaletsa salmon frying, hobane ka tsela ena e ke ke ea lahleheloa feela ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea limatlafatsi, empa hape e tla ba e omileng, mme juiciness le dikahare tsa mafura ke litšoaneleho tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhapi ena.
Salmon tsebe ke ntho e ratehang. Leha ho le joalo, ho tla ba molemo le ho feta haeba halibut kapa tlhapi efe kapa efe e tšoeu e nang le mafura a mangata e eketsoa ho eona.
U ka baka salmon ho latela litlolo tse fapaneng. Haeba u batla ho e etsa hore e be bonolo haholoanyane 'me e be lero - e bake ka foil, barati ba mongobo oa khauta ba ka baka tlhapi ena ntle le foil. Li-skeon tse kholo.
Naheng ea Salmon, salmon e ne e apehiloe khekheng, e neng e entsoe ka izabak le lipitsa tse ling tsa lihlapi.
Salmon ea Atlantic kapa salmon e shebahala joang?
Salmon kapa salmon ea Atlantic ke e 'ngoe ea litlhapi tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tse tsoang lelapeng le lelapa la salmon, hape e monate haholo ebile e phetse hantle. 'Mele oa litlhapi tsa salmon e hlaha ebile e koahetsoe ka sekala se nyane se khanyang sa silevera, mokokotlo o lefifi ka' mala o boputsoa bo botala kapa botala, mpa ke silevera e tšoeu. Libaka tse lefifi tsa X tse nang le sebopeho sa X li fumaneha ka holim'a moeli oa litlhapi, 'me matšoao ha a eo kapa a sa bohlokoa tlasa mola oa morao. 'Mala le salmon li fapane le' mala oa trout e sootho, eo ba sa ntseng ba tšoana haholo ka eona.
Menoana ea litlhapi tsa salmon e na le meno a manyane, meno a litlhapi tse seng li le matla, le malinyane a na le meno a fokolang, qetellong ea mohlahare o ka tlase, malinyane a salmon a holileng a na le lehakoe le kenang phomolong kahare. Makhopho a lefifi, fin ea caudal e na le mohloa 'me e tlameha ho ba le mafura a mafura, joalo ka litlhapi tsohle tsa salmon.
Salmon kapa salmon ea Atlantic e ka ba kholo haholo 'me e ka hola ho fihla ho bolelele ba 150 cm le boima ba ho fihlela ho 40 kg. Maemong a matle, salmon e ka phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 10-13, empa hangata lilemo tsa eona ke lilemo tse 5-6. Boholo le boima ba salmon e ntle kapa salmon e fapana haholo ho latela sebaka seo li lulang ho sona le lijo tse ngata. Maoatleng, litlhapi tsa salmon li phetse hantle 'me li hola ho fihlela li le boholo ba boima ba 5-10 kg, mme salmon e lulang linokeng le melomong ea linoka e ntse e hola hanyane mme boima ba tsona hangata ke 1,5 kg, tsena ke salmon ea hlaha, e bitsoang tinda le lekhasi le oela.
Li-salmon tse nyane ha li tšoane le litlhapi tsa batho ba baholo, le pele li ne li nkuoa e le mofuta o ikemetseng oa litlhapi tsa salmon. Ka ponahalo, tsena ke litlhapi tse mebala-bala, tse nang le metsero e lefifi ka mahlakoreng a 'mele, mokokotlo o lefifi, o koahetsoe ke matheba a sootho le bofubelu. Hangata li bitsoa motley. Li-fry tsena li tšoana le noka kapa molatsoana oa noka.
Salmon e nyane e hola haholo linōkeng tseo ho tsona ho bileng ho hlaheng lilemo tse 1-5. Li-salmon tse nyane li hola butle mme ha li fihla bolelele ba 10-20 cm, li ea leoatleng. Ka motsotso ona, ba fetola 'mala oa bona oa ka ntle, metsero e lefifi le matheba a ea nyamela,' me 'mele o koahetsoe ka sekala sa silevera, joalo ka salmon ea hlaha ea Atlantic. Ts'ebetso ea phetoho hangata e bitsoa smolifying, e tsoang ho lebitso la Senyesemane smolt, ketsahalo ea ho hlaha ha sethala sa silevera ka salmon.
Moo salmon e lulang teng le ho lula teng
Salmon kapa salmon e nkuoa e le mofuta o fallang o tsoang ho lelapa la salmon, empa ka nako e ts'oanang, karolo ea tlhapi ena, e holiloeng linokeng, ha e ee maoatleng, empa e lula linokeng tsena le matsoapong a leoatle, hangata e ba batona ba salmon. Ba nka karolo ho fafatseng basali ba tsoang leoatleng, ba tsamayang le ho holisa leoatle ka lijo tse ngata. Linokeng, tse tšehali tsa litlhapi tsa salmon tse hlaha, e le molao, ha li butsoane kahoo li lula leoatleng lilemo tse 1-4, li etsa maeto a malelele ho ea lebopong la Greenland. E sotletsoe hore e mele, litlhapi tsa salmon tse tšehali li khutlela linōkeng bakeng sa hore e mele.
Li-salmon kapa litlhapi tse ntle tsa salmon li tsamaea ka leboea ho Leoatle la Atlantic, 'me li fumaneha lebopong la Iceland le Norway, hammoho le lebopong la Hola ea Kola e Lihlekehlekeng tsa Barents, White, North le Baltic le linōkeng tse phallela ho tsena. Bakeng sa ho qhekella, salmon e kena linokeng libakeng tse ngata haholo, ho tloha Portugal ka boroa ho ea Leoatleng le Letšo le Noka ea Kara ea Urals ka leboea. Haufi le lebopo la Amerika, litlhapi tsa salmon li abuoa ho tloha nokeng ea Connecticut ka boroa, ho ea sehlekehlekeng sa Greenland ka leboea.
Salmon e ne e le ngata haholo linōkeng tsohle tsa Europe, moo ho neng ho e-na le libaka tse loketseng tsa ho sesa. Empa palo ea lihlapi tsena e ile ea qala ho fokotseha haholo, ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse ntseng li sebetsa, le ho feta ka lebaka la tlolo ea boemo ba metsi a linoka le tšilafalo ea 'mele oa metsi,' me lilemong tsa morao tjena, bosholu ba litlhapi ba salmon e fetohile bothata ba lefats'e ba ho felisoa ha tlhapi ena. Hona joale, ho se ho hlahisitsoe mekhoa ea ts'ireletso le molao oa ho tšoasa, hammoho le ntoa khahlanong le ho tšoaroa ka mokhoa o seng molaong oa salmon. Ka hona, ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa salmon kapa salmon ha ho bonolo ebile ho bonolo. Ho eketsa palo ea batho ba litlhapi tsa salmon, linaheng tse ngata, ho hlahisoa ka mahahapa, ho tsosolosoa ha libaka tsa spawning le libaka tse hola hoa etsoa.
Naheng ea Russia, ho na le mefuta ea salmon ea metsi a hloekileng matšeng a Hloahloeng ea Kola, le salmon e fumanoang tsamaisong ea letša la Kuito, matšeng a Nyukozero, Kamennoye, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega le Ladoga. Europe, salmon ea metsi a hloekileng e lula metsing a mangata a metsi, ka mohlala, naheng ea Norway, linōkeng tsa Otra le Namsen, Sweden ho Letšeng la Venern, le Finland e Letšeng la Saimaa le matša a mang a maholo Scandinavia.
Salmon e ja eng
Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho a tlhaho, litlhapi tsa salmon tsa bana, joalo ka mofuta oa trout, li iphepa ka likhaba tsa metsing le likokoanyana tse holileng linokeng, linokeng le metsing a hloekileng, litlhapi tsa salmon tsa bana li qeta ka tsela e fapaneng, ho tloha selemong se le seng ho isa ho tse hlano. 'Me e ea likorong tsa leoatle le lijo tse ngata tse tsoang leoatleng, e iphepa haholo ka litlhapi tse nyane, li-sprats le herring tse tsoang lelapeng la herring, gerbil, smelt le crustaceans, hammoho le lere le le leng le tharo. Lijo tsa salmon li itšetlehile ka sebaka seo li lulang ho sona.
Salmon kapa salmon spawning
Ho qhekella ha litlhapi tsa salmon ho rarahane haholo ha ho bapisoa le ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse ling. Salmon kapa salmon bakeng sa ho saroloha e kena linōkeng tse phallela maoatleng kapa matšeng ao ba ahileng ho ona. Ho kena linōkeng bakeng sa ho sesa, salmon e khaotsa ho ja le ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele haholo. Tsela eo litlhapi tsa salmon li kenang ka har'a linōka bakeng sa ho saroloha li rarahane. Li-salmon tse kholo tsa hoetla li kena linōkeng Hloahloeng ea Kola, e phallela ka Leoatleng le Letšo le la Barents, hoetla ho tloha ka Phato le pele ho bata. Empa ha a e-so itokisetse ho tala, lihlahisoa tsa hae tsa ho ikatisa ha li hlahisoe hantle haholo.
Ha ho qaleha ha mariha, tsela ea salmon e kenella ebile e le karolo ea salmon ea hoetla, e neng e se na nako ea ho kena linōkeng, e hibernates haufi le likhohlo ebe e kena nokeng hang hang ha e qala selemo nakong ea ho thella ha lehloa. Salmon e joalo e bitsoa zaleedka. Nōkeng, salmon ea hoetla, hoo e ka bang ntle le ho fepa, e qeta selemo, 'me ke feela ho oela ho latelang hoa mabaka a qalileng. Litsebi tsa Ichthy li bitsa mariha ana a saalmon ka ho bapisoa le lijalo tsa koro.
Kamora ho ts'oaroa ka Phuptjane, litlhapi tsa salmon tse kenngoeng linokeng, tsena ke mefuta e meholo ea litlhapi tsa salmon ea lehlabula e kenang nokeng e nang le lihlahisoa tse eketsehileng tsa thobalano, 'me ka Phuptjane ka salmon e nang le metsi a tlase e kene ka lihlahisoa tsa thobalano tse seng li hatetse pele. Grouse le metsi a tlase li fihla libakeng tse qalileng 'me li behela mahe ka selemo se le seng nakong ea hoetla. Salmon e joalo e hlalosoa e le mofuta oa selemo.
Hammoho le metsi a tlase, malinyane a sesalmon a manyane, bolelele ba 45-55 cm le boima ba 1-2 kg, a holile lewatleng ka selemo se le seng, a kena linokeng, a bitsoa tinda. Bongata ba ba batona ba salmon, ba ka bang 50%, ha ba ee leoatleng ho hang, ba butsoela nokeng 'me ba na le lebese le holileng esita le boholo ba bona bo bolelele, bolelele ba 10 cm. Kahoo, boholo ba basali bo ata har'a salmon ea hoetla, ice-cream, cutters le mefuta e tlase ea metsi. Ho linoka tse ling, hammoho le salmon ea hoetla, salmon e kenyellelitsoe - lekhasi le oang ka boholo bo tšoanang le tinda, empa har'a tsona ho na le tse tšehali. Salmon ena, kaha e se e qetile selemo feela e le leoatleng, e khutlela nōkeng ho ea hlaha le ka nako ea nako ea hoetla le likhaba.
Ha e qala ho hlaha, 'mala o tloaelehileng oa litlhapi tsa salmon oa Atlantic o nkeloa sebaka ke seaparo sa mathe,' mele oa fifala, matheba a bofubelu le a lamunu a hlaha mahlakoreng a 'mele le hloohong. Ho tse tona, mehlahare e bolelele ebile ea inama. Ho ipolaea ha salmon ka boeona ho tšoana hantle le ho hlaha ha trout, empa e shebahala e le matla haholo. E tšehali e cheka mohloa o molelele, bolelele ba limithara tse 2-3, lehlabatheng le mobung oa lehlohlojane 'me e behiloe ho oona. E tona e mo sesa bosiu kapa mantsiboea ebe ea emisa.
Hang ha salmon e tšehali e hlahisa caviar e nyane, e tona e potlakela pele, e tobetsa e tšehali ka lehlakoreng la eona, ebe e tšolla lebese ho caviar. Ebe e ema ka pele ho tšehali ebe butle-butle e tšolla lebese le emisa mahe, a seng a ntse a tsoa ho basali.Ho feta moo, salmon e tšehali hang-hang e nang le metsero ea morao, ea lila le ho koahela mahe ka lehlabathe le lipekere.
Salmon e thuntseng e theohela nokeng, e holofetse ke ntoa e telele ea tlala, e nang le mapheoana a shabby le a lemetseng a mang a bona a shoa, haholoholo banna. Ha e fihla leoatleng, salmon e boetse e fumana 'mala oa silevera, e qala ho fumana matla hape le ho fepa. Ho feta moo, kamora ho hlaha, lefu la salmon e khabane ha le hlokahale, joalo ka litlhapi tse ling tsa salmon, tse kang chum le salmon e pinki. Maemong a sa tloaelehang haholo, litlhapi tsa salmon tsa Atlantic li hlaha lekhetlo la bobeli kapa la boraro.
Libakeng tsa salmon tse hlahang mariha, mocheso oa metsi ha o fetelle 6 ℃. Ka hona, caviar e hlaha ka nako e telele mme ke ka May bana sa salmon hatch ba tsoang mahe feela. Ha salmon Fry Hatch e tsoa mahe, e na le lero la yolk le phepelo ea limatlafatsi matsatsing a pele a bophelo. Salmon e nyane ka nako e telele e lula metsing a hloekileng a nokeng e le 'ngoe.