Haddock ke eena feela mofuta oa mofuta oa "haddock" oa lelapa la cod. Lebitso la eona la Latin ke Melanogrammus aeglefinus.

Libaka tsa eona ke leoatle le ka leboea la leoatle la Arctic le Atlantic. E na le boleng ba bohlokoa ba ho tšoasa litlhapi. Mofuta oa haddock o ile oa hlalosoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke setsebi sa tlhaho sa Sweden Karl Linney ka 1758. Mme mofuta oa haddock o ile oa hlalosoa hamorao, e leng ka 1862, ke mofuputsi oa Amerika Theodore Gill.

Tlhaloso

Bolelele bo bolelele ba haddock bo tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 75 cm, leha ho le joalo, ho fumanoa batho ka bomong ba bolelele ba mitha e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta.

Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

Boima bo boholo bo boholo ba hoo e ka bang li-2-3 kg, empa linyeoe tsa ho tšoasa lipapatso tse kholo, tseo boima ba tsona bo neng bo tloha ho 12 ho isa ho 19 kg li tlalehiloe. Haddock lifespan e ka ba lilemo tse 14. 'Mele oa tlhapi ena o phahame haholo, o bataletse mahlakoreng. Ka morao e na le 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi ka' mala o pherese kapa oa lilac shimmer, mahlakore a bobebe, a boreleli, mpa le eona e ka ba e silevera kapa e bosoeu bo bosootho. Tsela e shebileng e ntšo. Ka mahlakoreng a haddock ka tlase ho mohala oa morao ho na le letheba le le leng le leholo le letšo, le fumanehang pakeng tsa mapolanka a pectoral le a dorsal a pele.

Hoa hlokomeleha hore chelete ea pele ea dorsal ea haddock e phahame haholo ho feta ea bobeli le ea boraro. Meno ea pele ea anal e qala hanyane ka morao ho 'mela, e feta maemong a pheletso ea qetellong ea' mongoala oa pele, 'me ha e fapana ka boholo bo boholo. Molomo o karolong e ka tlase ea hlooho, o monyane ka boholo, mohlahare o kaholimo o atolositsoe hanyane pele. Seqhoaneng ho na le antennae e nyane, e nakong ea eona ea bongoana.

Ho jaleha

Haddock phela maoatleng a nang le letsoai le lengata, letsoai la lona ke 32-33 maq. Sebaka sa bolulo ke karolo e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Atlantic, metsing a haufi le lebopo la Amerika Leboea le Europe Leboea, haufi le lebopo la Iceland, hammoho le leoatleng la Barents le la Leoatle la Arctic. Ho na le li-haddock tse ngata ka ho khetheha Leoatleng la Barents le Leoatleng le ka Leboea haufi le Iceland, le Newfoundland Bank. Palo e nyane ea haddock e fumanoa lebopong la Greenland, empa Hloahloeng ea Labrador tlhapi ena ha e eo ho hang. Ho na le boholo ba batho ba bangata ba neng ba lula metsing a marang-rang a Russia, ka boroa ho Leoatle la Barents. Empa Leoatleng le lesoeu bongata ba eona bo nyane haholo, ho Baltic ha bo eo ka botlalo. Mohlomong sena se bakoa ke letsoai le lengata metsing a leoatle.

Mokhoa oa bophelo

Haddock ke mohlape oa litlhapi tse isang bophelo bo haufi. Boliba boo a lulang ho bona bo tloha ho limithara tse 60 ho isa ho tse 200, ka linako tse ling bo ka ba botebo ba kilometer e le 'ngoe. Haddock e monyane o fetela bophelong bo tlase ka ho fihla selemong se le seng. Ho fihlela nakong ena, e phela ka har'a khetla ea metsi mme e fepa ka botebo bo sa feteng 100 m .. Litlhapi tsa mofuta ona ha ho mohla li tlohelang meeli ea sebaka se sa tebang sa naha. Ho bile le liketsahalo ha haddock e ne e kopana le Leoatleng la Norway libakeng tse sa tebang, leha ho le joalo, lits'oants'o tsena li ne li felile haholo mme li le haufi le ho shoa.

Haddock e kanna ea khahloa ke ho ja lihlapi tse ling tsa tlhapi.

Motheo oa lijo tsa haddock ke benthos. Tsena ke li-invertebrates tsa benthic, mohlala, crustaceans, liboko, echinoderms le mollusks, hammoho le ophiurs. Hoa bohlokoa ka ho tšoanang lijong tsa haddock ke furu ea caviar le tlhapi. Lenaneo la haddock Leboea le Barents Leoatle le fapane. Kahoo, haddock ea Leoatle le ka Leboea e ja caviar ea herring, hape le haddock ea Leoatle la Barents - caviar le capelin Fry.

Leoatleng la Barents, sebaka se ka sehloohong seo fula e neng e fepa ho sona ke sebaka se haufi le Cape Kanin Nos, hammoho le Sehlekehleke sa Kolguyev le metsing a leoatle a Kola Peninsula.

Ho hlahisa hape

Haddock o fihla lilemong tsa bocha ha a fihla lilemong tse 3-5. Ka nako ena, bolelele ba tlhapi ena bo fihla ho 40 cm, mme boima - 1 kg. Hoa hlokomeleha hore "ddock ea lulang Leoatleng le Leboea le eketseha ka potlako, ha a le lilemo li 2-3, 'me ba lulang Leoatleng la Barents ba butle butle - ke ka nako ea lilemo tse 5-7 feela, mme maemong a mang esita le feela ka 8-10 ea lilemo li. Mesebetsi e metala ea limela e qalile ho tloha ka April ho fihlela ka June. Litlhapi li fallela moo li tsoang teng, 'me ho fallisoa ho qala likhoeli tse ka bang tse tšeletseng pele ho qala ho mela. Tsela e tloaelehileng ea ho theola leqhubu la ho sesa ke ho tloha Leoatleng la Barents ho ea Norway, hantle ho feta Lihlekehlekeng tsa Lofoten.

Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho senya limela:

• k'honthinente ea Europe - lebopo le ka leboea-bophirima ho Norway, lebopo le ka bophirimela la Iceland, metsi a leoatle a Ireland le Scotland, metsi a sa tebang a Lofoten,
• Amerika Leboea - metsi a leoatle a Amerika sebakeng sa New England, lebopong la Canada haufi le mabopo a Nova Scotia.

Tse tšehali tsa Haddock li khona ho fiela ho tloha ho mahe a sekete ho isa ho 1,8 milione bakeng sa ho qepha. Caviar ea mofuta ona oa litlhapi ke pelagic. Metsi a leoatle a joale a na le li-caviar, li-larvae le furu e qalikaneng libakeng tse hole haholo ho tloha libakeng tse qalikaneng. Mofuta o monyane oa li-haddock le bana ba lula moleng oa metsi, o ba khethollang ho beng ka motho e moholo. Malinyane a ka ipata ho libatana tlasa marang-rang a jellyfish e kholo.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, tlhapi ena e khona ho etsa maeto a malelele bakeng sa ho tala le ho nona. Ho sisinyeha ho hoholo hoa "haddock" Leoatleng la Barents. Malinyane a falla ka mokhoa o ikhethileng tseleng e latelang - hammoho le Nordkapp ea hajoale ho tloha Norway leboea ho ea karolong e ka boroa ea Leoatle la Barents le Irminger ea Khale ho tloha Leoatleng Leboea ho ea leboea la Iceland.

Moelelo le Ts'ebeliso

Haddock e bohlokoa haholo khoebong ho Barents le Leoatleng Leboea le lebopong la Amerika Leboea. Ho tšoasoa ha eona ho etsoa ka thuso ea likerese, matlooa a ho tšoasa litlhapi, matlooa a matlo a marang-rang a likepe tsa Danish le likepe tse tsamaisang thepa. Har'a lihlapi tsa cod, haddock e sebakeng sa boraro ho latela bophahamo ba litlhapi. Pele ho kh'outu ea hae le polase. Selemo se seng le se seng, litlhapi tse limilione tse 0.5-0.75 tsa litlhapi tsena li tšoasoa lefatšeng.

Boleng ba ho tšoasa litlhapi ba haddock bo ile ba e qobella hore e kenyeletsoe ho Red Book, hobane lihlapi li sokeloa ka hore li tla felisoa ka botlalo.

Likatiba tsa Haddock li fapana haholo ho theosa le lilemo. Lebaka la sena ke ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ha palo ea baahi ba haddock, e amang ho phetoa hape ha haddock leoatleng. Qetellong ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, tlhahiso ea liindasteri ea "haddock" e fokotsehile haholo Amerika Leboea, leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena e se e qalile ho eketseha mme e ntse e atamela boemo bo lekanang le bo-30s ho isa ho bo-60 ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

Soviet Union bohareng ba lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, palo ea "haddock" e ntšitsoeng e ne e le ea bobeli har'a cod. Ke cod feela e ileng ea e fihlela. Hamorao, ba ile ba qala ho eketsa ho hohlana ha pollock, ka lebaka la eona e ne e fetohile sebaka sa boraro. Kajeno, tlhapi ena e nka sebaka sa bone ho lihlapi tsohle tse tšoasitsoeng Russia Leoatleng la Barents ka ho tšoasa. Libaka tsa pele tse tharo li lula ka cod, cod le capelin. Mme hara kh'opo, o sebakeng sa bobeli. Ka 2000, ho ts'oaroa ha haddock e bile lithane tse 8502, 'me ho ts'oaroa ha cod - 23116 lithane tsa cod.