Lelapa jang nama ea Martens kopanya le palo e kholo ea mefuta phylogenetically amanang, tseo a fapana haholo haholo ka sebōpeho sa 'mele, e le hammoho le ka tsela ea bophelo.
Bongata ba baemeli bo bongata ebile bo bonyenyane haholo, ho na le ba mahareng, empa ba fokola. Bolelele ba 'mele oa liphoofolo tse joalo bo tloha ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano ho isa ho tse 120 (ka linako tse ling ho fihla ho 150) cm. Bongata ba baemeli bo fapana ho tloha ho ligrama tse 100 ho isa ho 40 kilogram. E le busa, 'mele ea bona e molelele haholo, tenyetsehang haholo. Mohlaseli oa lelapa le marten le mmele o mokhuts'oane le o moholo ke ketsahalo e sa tloaelehang.
Baemeli ba lelapa ba khetholloa ke mohala o tsoetseng pele oa moriri. Ka mefuta e mengata e phela ka leboea mariha, e fluffy haholo le letso-letso. Ka boroa, baemeli ba bang ba 'mele ba koahetsoe ke moriri o mahoashe, hoo e batlang e le moriri o moputsoa. Mebala e ka fapana: e letheba, e sephara, e metenya. Hoa etsahala hore ho na le phoofolo e nyenyane ea le lelapa marten, eo ho eona boea ke bobebe ho tloha ka tlase ho feta ho tloha ka holimo. Ho ipapisitse le selemo, baemeli ba boikoetliso le boea ba kobo ba ka fetoha. Mefuta e meng ea mariha e fetoha 'mala oa lehloa.
E le busa, coons tsohle phela naha, lifate hloelle ka ho phethahetseng, ba bang ba ka cheka mekoti e tebileng ka ho lekaneng, 'me le tsona fumana lijo ho tswa ho ka tlaase ho mobu.
Cunyas li atile. Li fumaneha lik'honthinenteng tsohle ntle le Australia.
Lelapa Kunih ke e 'ngoe ea ruileng ka ho fetisisa palo ea genera le mefuta e ka taelo ea jang nama. E na le mefuta e ka bang 70, e kopaneng ho ba genera e 25 le malapa a mahlano a tlholeho. Oa pele oa bona o bitsoa martens. Ho akarelletsa mefuta e ka bang 33 le genera leshome.
Ermine
Ermine e ts'oana le ponahalo ea lerato, bolelele ba 'mele bo boholo ba cm cm.
phoofolo ena e jang nama, diphepelo ka litoeba. Ka linako tse ling e senya lihlaha. Linakong tsa tlala, u ka ja lihohoana, haeba li le sieo, joale monokotšoai le monokotšoai. Sa jala hang ka selemo, ka nako ya ho ima e hoo e ka bang 9.5 go likhoeli. Ka karolelano ea litsoe tse hlano ka litara.
Moemeli enoa o sebetsa ka linako tse fapaneng tsa letsatsi.
Solongoy
E shebahala joalo ka ermine e 'ngoe e anyesang ea lelapa la marten. Sebata sena se bitsoa solonga. O ke e nyenyane e kholoanyane, bo apere boea feta fluffy. Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm cm e 30. E fepa li-voles le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane, esita le muskrats. Ntle le moo, mekholutsoane le linonyana lia kenyelletsoa lijong. Mariha, ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo se etsahala, ka nako ya ea bokhachane ke khoeli. Ho na le malinyane a ka bang mararo ho isa ho a mane ka har'a litšila.
13.08.2018
Grison e nyane (lat. Galictis cuja) - phoofolo e anyesang e tsoang lelapeng la Kunyi (Mustelidae). Ha a sa le monyenyane, e ka potlako thapisang 'me e ba tame. Linaheng tsa Latin America, ke khale e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tsoma litoeu le mebutlanyana e makatsang ea lapeng.
Bolivia, phoofolo e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lithatho tsa boloi tse sirelletsang mong'a eona mabothong a khopo. Sequechua Maindia sebelisa phoofolo hammoho le llamas le likolobe Guinea ho tela ho molimotsana oa naha, tsoalo le litšisinyeho tsa lefatše Pachamame. Ntle le bona, o boetse o nka makhasi a koae, koae le meea.
Ma-Bolivia a matsoalloa a mo tlotla ka Phato kaofela, khoeli e batang haholo sebakeng sa bona. Ho mo hlompha Pachamama tloha 2009 e ngotsweng Molaong molao wa motheo wa naha ya le e nkoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea setso sa sebaka seo.
Mofuta ona o ile oa hlalosoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1782 ke setsebi sa tlhaho sa Chile, Juan Ignacio Molina.
Sebui
lenaneng la o na le denser 'mele ho feta ea ermine e. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla lisenthimithara tse mashome a mane. Boima ba boima ba 750 g. Mmala oa mariha - bo bofubelu-buffy. Ka ea lehlabula, 'mala o le leso kudu.
Peiso e etsahala ho tloha ka Hlakola ho isa ka Mphalane. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 40 (ka karolelano), li-cubs ho matlakala a 7.
Ho jaleha
tikoloho e teng karolong e ka boroa ea k'honthinente ea Amerika Boroa.E akaretsa ka boroa-bochabela ho Peru, bophirima le boroa ho Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, setsi sa Chile, linaha tse ka boroa le tse ka boroa-bochabela ho Brazil.
Li-grisons tse nyane li lula li-biotope tse fapaneng. E tloaetse hantle ho phela libakeng tse ommeng le tse metsi. Baahi ba baholo ba lula tikolohong ea Gran Chaco, e leng sebaka se chesang se mongobo se nang le naha e nang le lehoatata, se fumanehang betheng ea noka ea La Plata.
Phoofolo e lula e phela haufi le mehloli ea metsi, e rata li-savannas tse nang le joang, pampas, shrubberies le meru e bobebe. Andes, e bonoa bophahamong ba limithara tse ka bang 4200 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, hangata bo bonoa libakeng tse lemiloeng le makhulong.
Ho fihla joale, li-subspecies tse 4 li tsebahala. Likheo tsa mofuta ona oa tumellano li pharalletse bophirima ho Argentina, ka boroa-bochabela ho Bolivia le libakeng tse bohareng ba Chile.
Qhekella
Ha u nahana ka lelapa la marten, ha ho na letho le ka le thusang empa le hopole ka mink ea Amerika le Europe. Liphoofolo tsena lia qoela ebile lia sesa ka botle. Ka ntle, mink e tšoana le kholomo.
European e ka tlase ho ea Amerika. Bolelele ba 'mele oa hae ke cm 40. Mass ha e fetang kilofo e le' ngoe le halofo. Ke eng hape e khethollang mefuta ee e 'meli ea mink? Sebopeho sa meno le lehata.
Mink e phela haufi le litopo tsa metsi ka mabopo a hlatsoitsoeng, fepa ka litoeba tse nyane, muskrats, lihoho, jj.
Mate nakong ea selemo, e ntse e lehloa. Nako ea kemaro e nka matsatsi a mashome a mahlano. Ha e le molao, ho na le litsoe tse robong ho litšila, leha ka linako tse ling li le ngata.
Ho beha boitšoaro
Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba phela bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ba lula ba le bang kapa ka lihlopha tsa malapa tse nang le batsoali le bana ba bona. Ba robala bosiu mekoti ea lifate, litselaneng tsa majoe 'me hangata ha ba le matlong a ka tlas'a lefatše. Meroallo e ka ba botebo ba limithara tse 4 mme e na le menyako e mengata le menyakoe e koatsoeng ka makhasi a oeleng.
Liphoofolo li matha hantle 'me li hloa lifate. Ba ka sesa, empa ba ho etsa ntle le cheseho e ngata. Li na le litšoelesa tse sirelletsang lik'hemik'hale ho itšireletsa ho libatana.
Ho fapana le skunks, li-secretions tse monko o monate li na le khatello e tlase mme ha li fofe haholo.
Li-grisons tse nyane li lekola liphofu tsa tsona ka monko. Phofu ea bona ke boholo ba litoeba tse nyane. Phoofolo e ka bapala ho fihlela metsotso e 45 le motho ea ts'oeroeng pele a e ja. Nako le nako, lihoho, makhoaba, linonyana, mahe a linonyana le linoha tse nyane li fihla tafoleng ea ho jella ea gourmet.
Ha ho hlokahala, o khona ho cheka mobu ka phatla ea hae e koaloang ka letsoho mme a fumana libopuoa tse phelang ka tlas'a lefatše, haholoholo, likhoto tsa mole (Spalacopus cyanus) le degus (Octodon degus).
Keketso e ntle ea lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ke litholoana tse butsoitseng le monokotsoai.
Malebela
Lirapa li haufi haholo le tloaelo. Li tsebahala ka mefuta e meraro: steppe, maoto a maoto a maputsoa le ba batsho. Ea pele ke e kholo ka ho fetisisa, bolelele ba 'mele ho isa ho cm cm 56, e boima ho fihlela ho tse peli. Nala tse nyane tse nyane tse ntšo. Bolelele ba 'mele oa tsona ke 48 cm, mme boima ha bo fetang 1.5 kg
Motheo oa phepo e nepahetseng mefuteng eohle e meraro ke litoeba. 'Mele o motšo, joalo ka molao, o khetha litoeba le likhapha, le steppe - ho li-hamsters le bo-gopher. Lintja tsa Meadow ke tsona li khetholloang ke Blackfoot.
Litho tsena tsa lelapa (haholo-holo steppe) li lula haufi le matša le linoka.
Ho tsala
Nako ea ho tlolella liphoofolo e etsahala mariha le mariha mathoasong a selemo. Liphoofolo li theha malapa a sethepu, a sa atisang ho ba a nyatsang. Ba a arohana hang ha bana ba khona ho phela ka boinotšing.
Nako ea kemaro ke matsatsi a 3940. E tšehali e tlisa malinyane a mabeli ho isa ho a mahlano ka phuleng e sebakeng se patehileng le se sa fumaneheng. Hangata e ba teng ka mekoti kapa majoeng a majoe. Masea a hlaha a le boima ba 35 g, a foufetse ebile a sa utloe litsebeng, empa a se a koahetsoe ke boea bo bokhutšoanyane bo bokhutšoaane.
Tsoalo e tsoaloa habeli ka selemo ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho fihlela ka Mphalane ho fihlela Loetse.
Mathata ohle a ho holisa banab'eso a oela mahetleng a bo-'mè. Hangata, bo-ntate, e le molao, ba etsa mosebetsi oa ho lebela feela, ba lemosa lelapa ka kotsi e ka bang teng ka melumo e matla e lerata. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, ba bang ba bona ka linako tse ling ba tsosa maikutlo a lerato a ntate, 'me ba qala ho bapala ka malinyane a bona.
Ho fepa ka lebese ho nka likhoeli tse ka bang peli.Bekeng ea bobeli, mahlo a buleha, 'me bekeng ea bone, masea a qala ho fetohela lijong tse thata. Kamora ho beleha, ba ea tsoma le bo-mme ba bona. Bacha ba likhoeli tse 'nè ba hola ho fihla ka bongata ba liphoofolo tse kholo mme ba se ba khona ho itlhokomela le ho etsa ntle le tlhokomelo ea motsoali. Ba fetoha ba holileng tsebong ha ba le lilemo li le 'ngoe.
Tlhaloso
Ka ntle, phoofolo e shebahala joalo ka grison e kholo (Galictis vittata), empa e le tlase ka boholo. Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm 44-68, litsebe tse cm cm 2-3, mohatla o 14 cm cm. Boima ba 1200-2500 g. Tse tšehali li nyane haholo ho feta tse tona. Litorphism tsa botona le botšehali ka 'mala ha li eo.
Mmele o fetoha le maemo ebile o molelele hanyane, molala o molelele, maoto a khutsufatsoa. Mohatla o mokhuts'oane hape o boreleli. Hlooho e tšesaane ebile e boreleli bo hlakileng sefofaneng se sephara. Mahlakore a hlooho le likhahla a sootho. Metsoako ea C creamy e feta moqhaka, grey e ntso. Moriri o mong kaofela o na le moriti oa letlalo.
Litsebe tse poteletseng li fumaneha kamorao ho lehata. Li-vibrissae tse ntšo li fumaneha qetellong ea muzzle. Ho na le meno a 34 molomong.
Nako ea bophelo ea lilemo tse 6-8. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, monokotšoai o monyane o ka phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 11-12.
Martens
Joale re tla bua ka majoe le majoe a phaene. Liphoofolo tsena li kholo haholo ho feta lirafshoa. Bolelele ba 'mele oa lejoe le boima bo boholo ba cm cm, mme boima ha bo fetang 2,5 kg. Moru o nyane hanyane. Bolelele ba 'mele oa hae ke bolelele ba 44 cm, mme boima bo tloha ho 750 ho isa ho 1500 gram. 'Mele oa' mele o matla, o mosesane, litsebe li kholo ebile li hahiloe. Phapang lipakeng tsa mefuta ena ka sebopeho sa meno le lehata. Pono e ka boroa haholo ke lejoe la marten.
Joalokaha lebitso le bolela, moru o lula merung e koahetsoeng ke lintho tse lefifi ebile e tsoakane. Ka linako tse ling lejoe le lula sebakeng se joalo, empa hangata le ka bonoa mafikeng a se nang letho. E le molao, ba mafolofolo bosiu, leha o ka kopana le bona har'a motsehare.
Pine marten e ja litoeba, ka linako tse ling e hola. Lejoe le fepa ka tsela e ts'oanang, empa lijo tsa semela li nka karolo ea tau ka har'a lijo tsa eona. Gon e hlaha nakong ea Phato-Phato. Ka karolelano, ho tsoaloa malinyane a mahlano ka matlong
E tšoarelle
Sable ke phoofolo e tummeng haholo e nang le 'mele o nonneng le mohatla o mokhuts'oane hantle. Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm cm tse 44. Boea ba sable bo boholo, bo botšo ebile bo sootho. E iphepa ka lijo tsa liphoofolo le limela. Lehlabuleng ba ntse ba ja likokoanyana. Malinyane a ts'oanelehang a hlaha ka Mphalane-Mots'eanong. Ka karolelano ho tsoaloa ba bahlano.
Harza
Sebata sena se seholo haholo, se na le sebopeho se ikhethang sa 'mele,' mala oa eona oa khanya. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla lisenthimithara tse mashome a robeli,' me boima bo fihla ho li-kilos tse hlano le halofo. Sebata se lula merung e kopaneng le e kopaneng. Harza e fepa ka litoeba, tlhapi, monokotsoai le linate. Ka linako tse ling hlasela kholomo le sable.
Mokhoa o Monyenyane oa Li-Grisons
Li-grisons tse nyane li sebetsa motšeare le bosiu. Li ipata matlong a fapaneng a bolulo: har'a lilakane tsa maballo, lifateng tse patisaneng, likoti tsa batho ba bang, lipakeng tsa metso ea lifate le tse ling.
Ka lesoba le le leng, batho ba 4-5 ba ka phela hang-hang. Li-burrows ka bolelele li fihla ho limitara tse 15 mme e ka ba botebo ba limilimithara tse 4.
Li-paws tsa grisons ha li tšoanelehe ho sesa kapa ho cheka, empa ka thuso ea tsona liphoofolo li matha hantle le ho hloa lifate - liluloana tsa maoto ha li na letho, 'me ho na le likhoele tse kobehileng menoaneng.
Li-grisons tse nyane li ntse li sebetsa bosiu le motšehare; liphoofolo li rata ho ipata matlong a fapaneng.
Li-grisons tse nyane, ha li bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea marten, ke liphoofolo tse botsoalle haholoanyane. Hangata li fumanoa ka lihlopha tsa batho ba babeli kapa ho feta. Lihlopha tse joalo li entsoe ka batho ba baholo le ba batšehali ba nang le bocha. Li-grisons tse nyane li sebelisa puisano e hlakileng le e hlakileng ho buisana le ba habo bona. Puisano e lerato e bohlokoa haholo ho litho tsa lelapa le bo-mme ka bana ba bona.
Bokgoni bo fapaneng ba mantsoe a grisons a sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng, ho etsa mohlala, nakong ea kotsi, li-grisons li ea holima haholo. Hape, li-grisons li buisana ka thuso ea monko, ka nyakallo e matla ho tsoa monko o seng monate ho tsoa litšoeleng tsa anal.
Bakeng sa li-grisons tsa mabitso li sebelisa matšoao a fapaneng a bonts'ang mohlala, mohlala, linako tse itseng tsa 'mele.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa likhahla tse nyane ha li tsejoe, sera se ka sehloohong ke motho. Batho ba lelekisa liphoofolo tsena.
Lijo tsa grisons tse nyane
Li-grisons tse nyane li ja liphoofolo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng: litoeba, li-amphibians, linonyana, mahe a tsona, lihahabi le li-invertebrates. Li boetse li ja litholoana tsa limela tse itseng.
Li -rison li khahla ka mebala ea tsona.
Ka linako tse ling likhukhuni li utsoa bathong ba moo ba likhoho. Libakeng tseo moo mebutlanyana ea Europe e mela teng, ke motheo oa phepelo ea li-grisons. Kua Chile, boholo ba lijo li entsoe ka litoeba, ebe li tsoa ho mebutlanyana, ebe li tsoa ho liphoofolo tse anyesang, lihahabi le linonyana. Ka karolelano, li-grisons tse nyane li ja ligrama tse 350 tsa lijo ka letsatsi.
Pine marten
Motho ea ka sehloohong lelapeng ke pine marten ea Europe. Ena ke seqhobane sa pele ho feta tsohle se lelapa. Marten e boetse e tsoma linonyana le squirrel mefuteng ea lifate, 'me e "tsamaea ka pere," ke hore ea sisinyeha, e tloha sefateng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Ho joalo le ka moetapele oa mano le oa Amerika. Ba lula merung e ka leboea e batang ea marten, ba apere boea bo botenya le ba bohlokoa.
Phoofolo e nang le boea ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke moahi oa rona oa taiga. E ts'oaneleha, leha e hloa lifate hantle, e lula fats'e 'me e ja litoeba le matloana, e tlatselletsa lethathamong la nama ka linate tsa phaene. Boroa ho tsena marten ho Eurasia ke marten lejoe. O tloaetse ho ba haufi le motho mme ka nako ea tlala o etela meroho ea likhoho ho utsoa likhoho. E boetse e thusa motho ka ho senya likokoanyana tse jang masimong.
Amerika Leboea, merung, har'a mafika le mabopong a linoka, ho na le marten angler (pecan) e kholo. Leha e le lebitso la eona, marte ena ha a tšoase litlhapi khafetsa, a khetha ho tsoma litoeba tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le porcupine e kholo ea Amerika. Li-Martens ke litsomi tse nang le tsebo hoo li ka sebetsanang habonolo le liphofu tse kholo ho feta tsona. Kahoo, marten kharza ea Asia, e fumanoeng ho tloha merung e batang ea Primorye ea rona ho ea morung oa Asia Boroa-bochabela, e khona ho hlola boar e nyane ea mokolokotoane, le makhopho le moholi oa moske - mohloa o monyane.
Qhekella
Bo-martens ba Europe le ba Amerika ke litsomi tsa naha. Mmele o molelele o feto-fetohang o oela fatše, o patile motho ea jang lintho tse ling ka lehloa kapa ka joang. Ho ntšoa ha mink le baahi ba banyenyane ba meru ea Asia ea likholomo - litoeba, maqhubu, li-chipmunks, muskrats, squirrels, linonyana, lihohoana. Li-mink le likholomo ke batšoasi ba litlhapi ba tšoanelehang: ka mor'a ho shebella lihlapi tse lebopong, li itihela tlasa metsi bakeng sa metsi. Mariha, litlhapi ke lijo tsa bona tse ka sehloohong.
Weasel le ermine
Linokoane tse bobebe tse nyarosang le tsona ke karolo ea lelapa la ba Kunya. Ka boyena e kholo ho feta mekholutsoane, e khona ho sebetsana le litoeba esita le mebutlanyana. Mahlatsipa ha a phonyohe ho ba lelekisang ba tsofetseng le ba salletseng le ka sekhukhu. Ho senya litoeba, li-ermines le maselamete li sireletsa semela. Ha motho a sebelisa sebopuoa se le seng sa lintho tse jang liphoofolo tse ts'oanang le liphoofolo tse haufi le eena sebaka, marama le likhohlopo ha a lule haufi le haufinyane. Meroalo e lula ka nqa ea boroa ea mabopo, le ha e sa tloaela lehloa le serame ka ho fetesisa: Mefuta ka bobeli e na le boea ba boleng bo futhumetseng, bo bofubili hlabula ebile bo bosoeu mariha.
Baemeli ba bang ba litlolo tse jang nama
Mofuta oa baka o mobe
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Badger ea Amerika
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Burmese ferret badger
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Sehahi sa naha sa China
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Pholo ea nama ea kolobe
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Leoto le letšo-maoto
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Nama ea moru
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Otter
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Spotted Otter
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Sumatran Otter
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Smooth Otter
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Giant otter
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Canter ea Canada
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Otter ea leoatle
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Indian otter
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South Otter oa Amerika Boroa
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Clotless Leboea Bochabela
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Clotless African Otter
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Cat otter
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Wolverine
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Ho apara
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Otter ea leoatle
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Metsotsoana e metsero
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Skunk e Spotted
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Patagonian skunk
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White Skunk
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Li-grisons tse kholo
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Li-grisons tse nyane
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Tyra
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Zorilla
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Harza
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Ilka
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Teledu
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Tyra le Grisons
Libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo tsa Amerika Leboea le Amerika Boroa, li-martens tse kholo li phela - tyra le likerese. Tyra e matha ka lebelo, ka masene e hloella lifate ebile e sesa ka ho phethahetseng. Phofu ea eona e kholo haholo ho feta ea li-raccoon tsa lehong tse lulang libakeng tse tšoanang. Tyra e sebelisa litoeba tse kholo tsa agouti, li-squirrels le li-uwezekano (li-marsupials tsa sefate) hape e ka hlola le likhama tse nyane, masamu. Grint e nyane ho feta tyra - e na le 'mele o molelele haholo hape o fetoha le maemo ka maoto a makgutshwane. O tsoma litoeba lefatšeng mme o lula ka mekoting.
Ferret
Lirapa li haufi le martens le mink. Motsoako o lutla o ka baka lelapa, 'me malinyane a phetseng hantle a tla tsoaloa ho bona, sefapano lipakeng tsa lekoalo le bori o bitsoa honiki. Meru ea moru e fumaneha karolong ea Europe ea naha ena: mabopong a moru, haufi le linoka esita le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa toropo. Li ipata li le ngata ngata ka har'a meru e oeleng, ka tlas'a metso, ka mekotleng ea batho ba bang ba se nang letho, ba lula matlong, liphapusing, lilomong tsa patsi le ka har'a furu.
Pejana, ha likatse tsa Russia li ne li batla ho tseba, lihoai li ne li lula hae e le hore li felise litoeba le likhoto. Boetong bo ka boroa, bo-mphato ba bona ba baholo, motheong oa sethala, o kopana le pina ea moru. Ena ke phoofolo ea bohlokoa e nang le boea, empa batho, ha ba filoe tlatsetso ea bona ho feliseng litoeba, ba e tsoma ka mokhoa o lekanyelitsoeng. Boemong ba li-steppes tsa Amerika, ho ne ho fumanoa mekhabiso ea marena a marikhoe a maoto a maputsoa. Ba ne ba tsoma lintja tse jang mebala - litoeba tse ts'oanang le bo-gopher. Empa lihoai, li felisa lintja tse jang metsing, tse hlekefetsoang le tse mpe. Joale ba se ba le kholehong.
Monna ha a leeme ho mofuta o mongata: phoofolo ena e na le melemo e mengata ho feta ho tsoa kotsi, hobane phofu ea eona ea mantlha ke maqhubu le litoeba. Likhoto tse kotsi ha li je lijo-thollo masimong feela, empa li boetse li boloka le mariha ka ho bokella halofo ea kilogramu ea peo ka lijaneng tse ka tlasa lefatše. Ha motho a tsoma ka lehare tsimong o bolaea litoeba tse leshome le metso e robeli ka letsatsi, ka hona a boloka lithane tsa lijo-thollo hlabula.
Skunk
MaSkunks a lula merung ea Amerika, li-steppes le lefeella. Li shebahala joaloka li-ferrets, empa li amana le li-badger. Motšehare, li-skunk li tšeloa ka mekoting le mahaheng, 'me bosiu li tšoasa likokoanyana, litoeba, lihohoana, le tse ling tse phelang tse nyane, li batla litholoana le lipeo, metseng eo ba e jang ka litšila. Ha e le kotsing, skunk e kuta moriri oa eona, e khutlele ho mofosi ebe e phahamisa mohatla. Haeba tšokelo e sa sebetse, skunk e phahama marulelong a eona a ka pele, e phahamisa esele ea eona, 'me e akhela sera sa eona se nkang hampe. Boea bo bosootho bo bosoeu le bo bosoeu bo hole ho lemosa libatana: "Se nkama, ke monko!" Ma-skunk a maqeba ebile a bonoa a lula Amerika Leboea, ha Patagonian skunk a lula Amerika Boroa. Li-Skunks tse lulang libakeng tse batang li oela mariha ka nako ea mariha, li bokella liphoofolo tse 'maloa ka mokoting o le mong.
Ho roala, Weasel ea Afrika le Zorilla li atametse haufi le 'mele oa thekeng, empa li tšoana le skunks. Ho fapana ha mebala ho lemosa batho ba jang bokhoni ba ho itšireletsa ka ho thunya metsi a nkhang. Batho bana ba tsomang jerboas, squirrels, hamsters le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane ba lula mapatlelong le lithabeng: ho apara - ka boroa ho Eurasia, weasel ea Afrika le zorilla - Afrika.
Meroalo le masenke ke liphoofolo tse nyane. E le hore ba se ke ba fetoha liphofu tsa liphofu tse kholo, ba ile ba khetha mokhoa oa pele oa ho itšireletsa: ho busetsa takatso ea bona ea kunya e tsoang ho lira. Liphiri li ntsa mokelikeli o nkhang hampe ka tlas'a methapo ea tsona, 'me marang-rang a khona ho thunya jet ea monko ona le litheko tse sefahlehong tsa sebatana ho fihlela limilimithara tse 3.Le sera le sentsoeng le foufalitsoeng le tla hopola seboka ka ho tsitsipana' me le tla tsoela pele ho le qoba.Ka ho tlosa litšoelesa tsa "monko", skunk e ka bolokoa e le phoofolo ea lapeng.
Qeto
Li-coons tse ngata li na le 'mele o molelele, maoto a makgutshwane le molala o matla o tiileng o nang le hlooho e nyane mme o na le lephoka la anal gland. Menoana e mehlano maotong a mang le a mang e fuoa meqhaka e bohale, e ke keng ea hlakoloa. Le ha marten le carnivores, tse ling tsa tsona li ja limela, haholo-holo litholoana kapa monokotsoai.
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Li-fang tse matla le molora o bohale le ka tlung li thusa ho hlafuna crustaceans, mollusks le tlhapi.
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Kamano e pakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali nakong ea ho tsofala e haufinyane. Ho ruruha ho etsahala hangata nakong ea selemo, 'me mefuteng e mengata, ovulation e kenngoa nakong ea ho kopitsa. Tse tšehali li holisa liphoofolo tse nyenyane li le ling.
(Eira barbara)
Mabili a lula Amerika Bohareng le Boroa. Mefuta ea tsona e qala ho tloha boroa Mexico ho ea Paraguay le leboea ho Argentina. Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa tlhaho ke meru ea libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo.
Lithaere li fihla bolelele ho tloha ho 56 ho isa ho 68 cm, moo ho eketsoa bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 38 ho isa ho tse 47. Boima ba liphoofolo tsena bo tsoa ho 4 ho isa ho 5 kg.
Li mafolofolo bosiu haholo 'me li fumanoa lefatšeng le lifateng. Li hloa hantle ebile li khona ho hlola libaka tse telele ka ho tlola. Hape ke basomi ba hantle. Bakeng sa khotso, ba ikahela matloana a bona ka mekoti ea lifate kapa ba sebelisa meaho e siiloeng ea liphoofolo tse ling. Ka linako tse ling li ipata ka joang bo bolelele.
Ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e fapaneng ka boitšoaro ba Tyre. Li kopanngoa ka bonngoe le ka bobeli kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane tsa generic. Lithaere ha li na mathata, empa bongata ba lijo tsa bona ke liphoofolo tse anyesang. Li hlasela ka litoeba, joalo ka prickly chinchilla, ka li-hares kapa ka malouses a manyane. Pholo ea bona e kenyelletsa linonyana, li-invertebrates, li rata ho ja litholoana.
Qetellong ea bokhachane, ho fihlela matsatsi a 70, mosali o tsoala malinyane a mabeli. Khoeling ea bobeli ea bophelo, ba bula mahlo le ho lora ho tloha lebese ka tlase ho likhoeli tse tharo. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, liphoofolo tsena li phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 18.
(Galictis vittata)
E tsamaisoa Amerika Bohareng le Amerika Boroa (Bolivia, Leboea Leboea, ka boroa ho Brazil).
E fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 48 ho isa ho tse 55 le boima ba 1,4 ho isa ho 3,3 kg.
Ba lula merung ea tropike ea boroetsana le ea bobeli, e nang le lithaba ebile e le lithaba, merung e majabajaba, merung ea palema, masimong le masimong a raese a nang le likhohola. Hangata li fumanoa haufi le linoka, melapo le libaka tse mongobo, bophahamo ba limithara tse 1,500 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.
Lijo tsa li-grisons ha li utloisisoe hantle - hoa tsebahala hore ba ja li-vertebrates tse nyane, haholo-holo liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana, libakeng tsa mahaeng ka linako tse ling ba hlasela likhoho tsa lehae. Ka ho sekaseka se kahare ka mpeng ea li-grisons tse tsoang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa mekhahlelo, ba ile ba khona ho tseba hore na lijo tsa bona li joang: litoeba tsa mots'eare (li-hamsters tsa k'hothone), likhoto tsa maiketsetso, maeba a malelele, maeba a malelele a Amerika Leboea, mocha (likolobe tsa Guinea), li-amphibians (esita le li-toa aga). Panama, likerese li ja agouti, eels (fusion) le haracin.
Ha a batla lijo, liphoofolo li tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ka letsatsi,' me sebaka se pakeng tsa libaka tsa phomolo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ke 2-3 km. Li-grisons li tsamaea ka potlako mochophorong oa zigzag, o khelohela lehlakoreng ho tloha moeling oa maeto ka limithara tse 1-2. Ha li tsamaea le lebelo le phahameng haholo, ha li na ho thekesela. Ba lekola lintho tse sa tsejoeng bo hole, ba ea ka hloko le butle butle, ba hatella mpa ea bona fatše, joalokaha eka ba itšutumelletsa pele ka maoto a bona a morao a otileng. Mefuta efe kapa efe e etselitsoeng ho fihla tseleng, masoba a fatše le likutu tsa lifate ha a fetise tlhokomelo ea tsona. Bakeng sa ho phomola motšeare, ka linako tse ling agouti o lula a kenyelletsa mekotla e lahliloeng.
Lithunya ke liphoofolo liphoofolo tsa mots'eare, empa hape li mafolofolo bosiu. Motšehare, liphoofolo li phomola lihora tse 'maloa (ho fihlela 4-5). Hangata merafo ke setšabelo moo e jeloang teng. Li -rison li khetholloa ka sebete le ho ba mali. Kaha li lula haufi le matlo a batho, hangata li baka tšenyo e kholo ho palo ea likhoho.E bolaea litoeba le phofu e 'ngoe ka ho loma kapele ka morao molaleng. Liphoofolo li na le monko o monate, empa pono ea tsona e fosahetse. Tsena ke liserekisi tse ntle haholo, qoela hantle.
Lekunutu le entsoe ke litšoelesa tse haufi le anus, li na le monko o ikhethang oa musky, leha o se monate joaloka oa marten tse ling. Lihloela tse nang le kotsi li itahlela ka lehlakoreng, li kuta moriri mohatleng ebe li ntša lekunutu la litšoelesa tsa anal. Ka molapo o phoroselang, ba ka otla ka nepo bakeng sa sepheo se hlalositsoeng hantle.
Li -rison ke liphoofolo tsa sechaba. Ba tsoma feela ka bobeli kapa ka lihlopha tsa malapa. Ka nako e 'ngoe ho kile ha ba le maemo ha liphoofolo tse' maloa li ne li bapala hammoho. Lits'oaetso tsa ho tsoma li lula sebakeng se ka fihlang ho 4,2 km 2 bakeng sa basali ba anyesang, mme boholo ba kakaretso ea baahi bo ka ba ka 1,2 2.4 batho ka bomong / km 2. Malinyane a tsona a tšoaea sebaka sa 'ona ka lithutsoana tse tsoang metsong ea musk, a pepesa motheo oa mohatla linthong tse fapaneng.
Ho ikatisa ho etsahala selemo kaofela. Pele e beleha, e tšehali e theha sekoti ka lehaheng, ka sekoting kapa ka tlasa metso ea lifate, ka linako tse ling e le tšehali bakeng sa tšehali e sebelisa mekoti ea armadillos e lahliloeng. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 3940. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a le 1 ho isa ho a mane (ka karolelano 2), eo mahlo a eona a koalehileng. Malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa a boima ba ligrama tse 50. Mahlo a bulehile kamora matsatsi a 14, mme ka libeke tse 3 bacha ba ka ja nama. Malinyane a ikemetseng a ikemela ha a fihla ho likhoeli tse 4. Lekhetlong lena, litšoelesa tse anal li ntse li le teng mesebetsing e meng e mosesane.
(Galictis cuja)
E lula libakeng tse bohareng le tse ka boroa ho Amerika Boroa (Peru ea Amerika Boroa, Paraguay, le ho tloha Central Chile sebaka se fetela ka boroa ho ea profinseng ea Argentina ea Chubuta).
Bolelele ba morara o monyane o tsoa ho 28 ho isa ho 51 cm, mme boima bo tsoa ho 1,0 ho isa ho 2,5 kg.
E khetha libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo: libaka tse se nang metsi tsa Chaco, le masimo a nang le limela tse ngata tse nang le 'mele e mengata ea metsi. Mefuta e atileng haholo ea libaka tsa bolulo ke meru e makatsang le e lulang e le metala, libaka tse matsutla le libaka tse lithaba (ho fihlela ho 4000 m ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle).
Lijo li kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng: litoeba, linonyana (li-toadstools, terns, jj) le mahe a tsona, li-amphibians le lihahabi, li-invertebrates, litholoana tsa limela tse ling, ka linako tse ling li tsamaisa likhoho. Libakeng tsa acclimatization ea 'mutla oa Europe (Oryctolagus cuniculus), e fetoha motheo oa phepo e ntle ea likerese.
Li-grisons tse nyane li sebetsa bosiu le motšehare. Matloana a sebelisoang a na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng: lifate tse se nang letho, liphokojoe, lilakane tsa mabota, likoti tsa liphoofolo tse ling kapa likhaba tse metsong ea lifate. Ho etsahala hore batho ba bane kapa ba bahlano ba lule ka lesoba le le leng. Sebakeng sa ho cheka kapa ho sesa, paws ea grisons e ikhethile bakeng sa ho matha le ho hloa - masela ha a na letho ebile meqathatso e kobehileng e ntse e hola menoaneng.
Bakeng sa puisano e ikhethang, liphoofolo li sebelisa puisano ka mokhoa o hlakileng le o lerato. Puisano e nang le morero e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa banyalani, bahlolisani, bo-mme le bana ba bona. Mosi, ka lebaka la litšoelesa tse ntlafalitsoeng hantle tsa li-anal, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa puisanong ea likerese. Litšoele tsa anal li boloka monko o matla feela ha phoofolo e thabile haholo.
Li-grisons tse nyane ke liphoofolo tse nang le botsoalle ho feta mefuta e meng ea marten; hangata li fumanoa ka lihlopha tsa batho ba babeli kapa ho feta. Ntle le moo, sehlopha se joalo se ne se e-na le molao oa liphoofolo tse kholo le tse tšehali tse nang le bocha.
Nakong ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, balekane ba bopa nako e khuts'oane, mme kamora ho nyaloa, ba batona ba ka theha para e ncha le mosali e mong. Kamora ho tlolelana, e tšehali e qala ho ba le mahe a emolisitsoeng. Ha ho na lits'oaetso holima nts'etsopele ea mahe a emolisitsoeng. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 3940. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 2-5 a hlokang thuso, a foufetseng ebile a hlobotse malomong ka sekoting kapa ka lemeneng.
(Gulo gulo)
E ajoa ho taiga, morung-tundra le karolo e 'ngoe ho tundra ea Eurasia le Amerika Leboea. Europe Bophirimela, e bolokiloe ka leboea ho hloahloeng ea Scandinavia le Finland. Naheng ea Russia, moeli oa sebaka sa eona o feta libakeng tsa Leningrad le Vologda le Perm Terrory; wolverine e atile haholo Siberia. E 'ngoe ea linaha tsa Amerika, Michigan, e bitsoa "Wolverine".
Boima ba 'mele 9-18 cm, bolelele 70-86 cm, bolelele ba mohatla 18-18 cm.
Wolverine ke sebata se matla, se hlokolosi mme ka nako e ts'oanang se ts'oaroa, se phela bophelo ba boinotšing. Ka linako tse ling, mohlala, haufi le setopo se seholo, batho ba 'maloa ba ka bokana ka nakoana. Lerata la wolverine le lula tlas'a metso e sothilehileng, mafikeng a mafika le libakeng tse ling tse ikarotseng, ebe le ea mantsiboea ho ea fepa. Ho fapana le boholo ba bashoela-tumelo ba phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, Wolverine o lula a lelera a batla tse jang sebakeng sa tsona, se lulang ho fihlela ho 1,500-2,000 km 2. Ka lebaka la li-paws tse matla, likhoele tse telele le mohatla, tse bapalang karolo ea pendulum, wolverine e hloella lifateng habonolo. E na le pono e matla, empa e fokola haholo kutlo le tlhaho. E etsa lerata le ts'oanang le fox yiling, empa coarser.
Wolverine e omnivorous. Motheo oa phepo ea ona ke masala a liphokojoe ke liphiri le libere. O boetse o rata li-hare-hares, boar (grouse e ntšo, hazel grouse, jj) le litoeba tse kang tsa panya. Hangata ha ho ts'oaroe batho ba bangata ba sa tsubulates, bahlaseluoa ba eona hangata ke bacha, ba lemetseng kapa ba kula. E khona ho ts'oasa liphofu tse tsoang ho tse ling (liphiri, lynx). Hangata e senya mariha a litsomi le a utsoang liphofu tsa maraba. Lehlabuleng e ja mahe a linonyana, makhapetla a linama, monokotšoai le mahe a linotsi. O tšoasa litlhapi - lengana kapa nakong ea ha o hlaha, ka tjantjello o khetha litlhapi tse ntšo. Wolverine e bohlokoa joalo ka moriana, o senya liphoofolo.
Wolverine ke sebata se liehang. Ha e le molao, e lebela phofu ea eona ho laleng, e ipatile tseleng, e hloa likhohlo, kapa e hloa lifate tse nyane ebe e potlakela ho phoofolo e atamelang. E tlolela ka mekokotlong ea bona, Wolverine a ka ntša maqeba a bolaeang (haholoholo, a loma mokokotlo oa mokokotlo) ho likhama, likhomo le moholi. E jang linonyana, e li tšoarelle fatše ha li robala kapa li lula lihlahleng.
Ho ratana hangata ho hlaha pakeng tsa April le Phupu. Tse tona le tse tšehali li khomarela libeke tse 'maloa feela. Lehe le emolisitsoeng, leha ho le joalo, ha le qale ho arohana hanghang. Ho hola ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa embryonic ho qala feela kamora likhoeli tse 7-8, kamora matsatsi a 30-40 a bokhachane bo sebetsang, hangata ka Phato kapa la Hlakubele, libakeng tse sireletsehileng tse tšehali li tsoala malinyane a mabeli ho isa ho a mane. Kamora libeke tse 4, ba bula mahlo le ho fepa ka lebese la 'm'a bona libeke tse 10. Ebe joale mme o ba fa lijo tse halikiloeng. Kamora likhoeli tse 3, malinyane a fetoha batho ba baholo, leha ho le joalo, a ba le mme oa bona lilemo tse ling tse 2.
(Ictonyx libyca)
E tsamaisitsoe Afrika Leboea: Boroa ba Nigeria, Sudan, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Sahara Bophirimela.
Bolelele ba 'mele - 20-28,5 cm, mohatla 11-18 cm. Boima - 200-250 gr.
E lula naheng ea anthropogenic moeling le lehoatata. Mohlala, naheng ea Moroko, li-weasel tsa Afrika Leboea li atisa ho fumanoa libakeng tsa steppe tse nang le limela tse teteaneng tse tlase ebile li le liphuleng tsa lithaba.
Lijo li kenyelletsa linonyana, mahe a tsona, litoeba tse nyane le li-amphibians, lihahabi (mangau), li-invertebrates le likokoanyana.
O phela bophelo ba mantsiboea, 'me o qeta letsatsi a le mekoting eo a ipatileng eona. Nako ea ho ikatisa e qala ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho fihlela ka Hlakubele.
(Ictonyx striatus)
E phatlalalitsoe Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara: ho tloha Senegal le Nigeria ho ea Afrika Boroa.
Bolelele ba 'mele 28,5-38.5 cm, mohatla cm 20.5-30-30. Boima ba basali ke 596-880 g, banna ba 681-1460 g.
Zorilla hangata e lula libakeng tse fapaneng tsa mefuta-futa, 'me e lula haholo masimong a savannah le a bulehileng. Qoba meru e teteaneng e lulang e le metala.
Carnivore ena e iphepa haholo ka litoeba tse kang tsa mouse, likere, likokoanyana tse kholo, ka linako tse ling mahe a linonyana, linoha le liphoofolo tse ling. Tlala e ka jella setopo.
E phela bophelo ba mantsiboea, 'me ka linako tse ling e ka bonoa ha letsatsi le likela kapa ha mafube a hlaha pele a ipata ka mokoting oa hae. Bakeng sa letsatsi, phoofolo e tšabela mekoting e ikemetseng e chekiloeng, ka linako tse ling e le mafikeng a mafika, ka mekotong e meholo, lipakeng tsa metso ea sefate esita le ka tlung. Ka linako tse ling e sebelisa mekoti e lahliloeng pele e neng e chekoa ke liphoofolo tse ling.Haholo-holo hangata liphoofolo li fumaneha makhulong a tlhaho moo liphoofolo tse hlaha le moo mehlape ea moo e fulang teng. Liphoofolo tsena li tšosa likokoanyana tse fapaneng tse ipatileng ka har'a joang, e leng se lumellang li-Zorillas ho tšoara le ho ja likokoanyana, orthoptera, le likokoanyana tse ling le mabele a tsona. Mona, makhulong a matala, moo ho nang le manyolo a mangata, e leng furu bakeng sa maleshoane a mangata, ho na le letsoalo le phahameng la zorillas.
Ho ba sebakeng se bulehileng, liphoofolo li emisa khafetsa kapa li tsamaea ka lehlakoreng la ho tsamaea, ka potlako li tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Liphetoho tsena moo li tsamaeang li batla li fetoha hang-hang. Ho kanna ha etsahala hore ebe masholu a joalo a thusa ho thibela tlhaselo ho sera leha e le sefe, haholo-holo ba nang le liphoofolo tse jang nama ka lebaka la ho se khonehe ha ho lahleloa thipa ho tsoa lehlakoreng la bona.
Ha ntja kapa sera se seng se hlaha, zorilla e senya moriri, e phahamisa mohatla, ebe e hlahisa lekunutu la monko o monate oa litsoelesa tsa eona tsa "ductal". Lekunutu la eona le monko o khathollang, joaloka skunk, e ka "thunya" hole le libaka tse telele haholo. Le ha monko oa liphofu tsa bona o se "monko o monate" ebile o nyopile joalo ka oa skunk ea Amerika e metsero, leha ho le joalo ha e monate ebile e tšoarella. Ha sera se matla se hlasela Zorilla, a ka iketsa eka o shoele haeba ho se na moo a ka balehelang teng.
O phela bophelo bo ikhethileng. Lenyalo ha le utloisisoe. Ba batona ba lula ba loantšana. Tse tona le tse tšehali li mamellana feela nakong ea ho emola. Ho tsitsa ho ka nka metsotso e 60-100. E tšehali e tsoala litšila tse le 'ngoe ka nako ea selemo, empa haeba masea ohle a shoa a le monyane haholo, e tšehali e ka tsoala lelinyane la bobeli nakoana pele selemo se fela. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a ka bang 36-37. Ka sekoting, e tšehali e tsoala lipeo tse 1-5, hangata hangata e le 2-3. Boima ba malinyane ha a hlaha ke 12-15 g. Meno a pōpelo ho bacha a hlaha ka letsatsi la 33, mahlo a bulehile matsatsi a 40. Motsoako o lula ho fihlela likhoeli tse 4-5, leha Zorillas e monyane a qala ho tsoma mme a ka bolaea litoeba tse nyane ha a le libeke tse robong.
(Lyncodon patagonicus)
E tsamaisoa lithoteng tsa Pampa sebakeng sa eona ka mobu o bobebe.
Bolelele ba 'mele - cm 30-35, lisenthimithara tse 9 ka mohatla o itseng.
Patagonian weasel ke carnivore e jang litoeba tse nyane: tuco-tuco (Ctenomys) le likolobe tsa lithabeng (Microcavia).
E sebetsa ka shoalane le bosiu. Sebaka se le seng sa monna se aparela libaka tse 'maloa tsa basali. Litšoelesa tsa paraanal ha li hlahisoe hantle, nakong ea ts'ireletso (ha li siloa) ha li li sebelise, empa li phahamisa kobo molaleng qetellong. E phela bophelo ba boinotšing, e theha lipara feela nako eohle ea nako ea ho ikatisa.
Ho fihlela joale, ha ho tsebahale letho ka ho phatlalatsoa ha masela a Patagonian. Hoa tsebahala hore ke basali feela ba hlokomelang bana.
(Poecilogale albinucha)
E tsamaisoa Afrika Boroa le Bohareng lehoatateng la Sahara.
25-25 cm e oela hloohong le 'meleng, cm ho 1323 mohatleng. Boholo ba ba batona ke 28.3- 38 g,' me tse tšehali li 23-27 g.
E lula libakeng tse fapaneng tsa biotope (masimo, meru, mokhoabo, mabopo a leoatle, lehoatata) ho fihlela ho 2200 m ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.
Lijo tsa weasel tsa Afrika li kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane (litoeba - likhoto tsa Afrika tse ngata-li-nipple, litoeba tse metsero, litoeba tsa "pygmy"), linonyana, linonyana (lirobele, maeba), lihahabi (linoha), likokoanyana le makhoaba a tsona. Weasel o ja ho fihla ho 13% ea boima ba mmele ka letsatsi, mme tse tšehali ha li fepa malinyane ho fihlela 25%. Likhoto tse nyane le linonyana li qala ho ja ho tloha hloohong. Letlalo le tsoang ka mpeng, hlooho, marang-rang le mohatla oa nama e kholo ha lea jeoa.
E tataisa mekhoa ea boipheliso ea bosiu le ea lefatše, e hloa lifate hantle. E sebelisa likhoele e le matlo a bolulo, ao e ipatang ka 'ona kapa e sebelisa marokho a litoeba kapa litutulu tsa bohloa. Mehoma e sutumetsa ka lilala tse ka pele, 'me khama e sutumetsa mobu morao. Bakeng sa boikhathollo, ka linako tse ling e sebelisa li-logging kapa mekoti e se nang majoe majoeng le mafikeng. Weasel e sebetsa selemo ho pota 'me e qeta boholo ba nako e le ka sekoting, e e tlohela feela bakeng sa ho tsoma. Nakong ea ho tsoma, o sebelisa mohopolo oa ho fofonela, le pono ea ho shebella sebaka.
Ha e ntša litoeba, e tsamaea le nko ea eona e kentsoe fatše, e kokotella mokokotlo ha mohatla o ntse o eme hantle.Ka lebaka la 'mele oa eona o melelele o feto-fetohang le maoto a makhuts'oane, e khona ho lelekisa litoeba hona marapong a eona. Weasel ha e je nama ea nama hang-hang, empa e inkela ka sekoting. Karolo ea tlhahiso e bolokiloe ka har'a niche, 'me e kenngoe ka sekoting. Lejoana lena le luma ka morao hloohong, ebe le bilikisetsa hammoho le phofu ea eona ho potoloha axis ea eona ebe e e otla ka lithupa tsa eona tse ka pele. Linonyana li bolaea ka ho loma hloohong, ntle le ho sebelisa li-paws. Tse tšehali li loma phofu e kholo ke 'metso.
Litšoelesa tsa Prianalnye li tsoetse pele hantle, lekunutu la eona le sebelisetsoa ho sireletsa khahlanong le libatana. Ka tšabo e sa lebelloang, mosesisi oa Moafrika a ka tlōlela holimo, ha moriri o mohatleng oa hae o fela. Ha a lelekisoa ke sebatana, hangata o hloella lifateng kapa marikeng, haeba ho se na letho le loketseng, joale borashe bo ntša selikal, halofo ea sena, haeba sena se sa thusa, e thunya lekunutu la pherekano ho tsoa ho litšoelesa tsa ductal (ka ho nepahala ha 1 m).
Weasel ea Afrika boholo ba eona ke phoofolo e le mong, empa ho na le lihlopha le lihlopha tse nyane. Ho ruruha ho nka metsotso e 60-80, ho ka ba le likhahla tse tharo ka letsatsi. E tšehali e tsoala litšila a le mong ka selemo. Haeba litšila tsa pele li hlokahala ka lebaka le itseng, tse tšehali li nyala hape. Ba batona ha ba kopanele ho holiseng bana. Haeba sehlaha se nang le malinyane se khathatsehile, tšehali e nka malinyane, e li ts'oere ke molatsoana oa molala. Boimana: nka matsatsi a 30-33. Ka matlung hangata malinyane a mabeli a sa boneng a bosootho a boima ba ligrama tse nne. Mahlo a buloa ka beke ea 7. Meno a phatloha ka matsatsi a 35. Motsoako o nka libeke tse 11 (ka nako ena bacha ba boima ba ligrama tse 50), ka libeke tse 13 malinyane a qala ho leka ho tsoma, mme a ikemele ka botlalo ha a le libeke tse 20.
(Martes americana)
E tsamaisoa Canada le Amerika Leboea.
Tse tona li bolelele ba 75 cm ho isa ho 1 m, boima ho 3250 g ho 6500 g. Tse tšehali li nyane, ho tloha ho 50 cm ho isa ho 68 cm le boima ho tloha ho 1850 ho isa ho 4000 g.
E lula merung e lefifi ea moru o teteaneng: meru e tlokomang e nang le limela tsa phaene, spruce le lifate tse ling. Moru o eme le motsoako oa lifate tse kopaneng le tse khabisang, ho kenyelletsa phaine e tšoeu, birch e tšehla, 'mapa, fir le spruce.
Lijo tsa nama ea marten ea Amerika li kenyelletsa mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea phepo: li-squirrel tse khubelu, mebutlanyana, li-chipmunks, litoeba, li-voles tsa masimong, likharetene le mahe a tsona, lihlapi, lihoho, likokoanyana, mahe a linotsi, li-mushroom, lipeo. Haeba ho se na lijo tse lekaneng, marten a ka ja ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e jeoang, ho kenyeletsoa lijo tsa meroho le setopo.
Hangata ke phoofolo e anyesang ea bosiu, empa hape e sebetsa nakong ea mantsiboea (hoseng le mantsiboea), 'me hangata motšehare. Marten o boreleli haholo - o tlolela makala ho tloha lekaleng ho ea lifateng, a hlokomela litsela tsa ho tsamaea ka monko oa litšoelesa tsa ona. E tsoma feela. E lekantsoe hantle bakeng sa ho hloa lifate, moo bosiu e tšoereng li-squirrel lihlaheng. O bolaea motho eo a mo otlang ka ho mo loma ka morao hloohong, o roba lesapo la mokokotlo mme o senya mokokotlo oa hae. Mariha, li-martens li phunya kotopo ka tlas'a lehloa ho ea batla litoeba tse kang khaba.
Li-anal tsa kahare le tsa ka mpeng li tsoetse pele hantle 'me li tsebahala ka litho tsohle tsa lelapa la marten.
Li-Martens li na le takatso e ntle ea lijo, li labalabela ho tseba, ke ka lebaka leo ka linako tse ling li kenang mathateng, ka mohlala, li oela marabeng le marabeng a fapaneng.
Tse tona tsa marten ea Amerika li sebakeng se sireletsehileng: li sireletsa sebaka sa tsona. Liphoofolo li potoloha libaka tsa tsona ka matsatsi a 8-10. Ha ho banna kapa basali ba mamellang batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng ka bong bo tšoanang tikolohong ea bona, 'me ba ba hlekefetsa haholo. Boholo ba morero oa motho ka mong ha bo ts'oane ebile ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa: boholo ba phoofolo, bongata ba lijo, ho ba teng ha lifate tse oeleng, joalo-joalo. Ho tšoaea liphoofolo ho bontšitse hore tse ling tsa tsona li lula hantle, ha tse ling li falla (haholo-holo liphoofolo tse nyane).
Ba batona le ba batšehali ba kopana ka likhoeli tse peli feela - Pulungoana le Phato, ha lebelo le etsahala, nako e setseng ea bona ba phela bophelo bo ikhethileng. Monna le mosali ba ratana ka thuso ea matšoao a monko o siiloeng ke litšoelesa tsa anal. Kamora ho tlolelana mahe, mahe a emolisitsoeng ha a hōle hanghang, empa a ka popelong a phomola likhoeli tse ling tse 6-7. Boimana kamora nako ea ho ima ke likhoeli tse peli.E tona ha e nke karolo ea letho ho holiseng bana. Bakeng sa tlhaho ea ngoana, e tšehali e lokisa sehlaha, se koahetsoeng ka joang le lintho tse ling tsa semela. Sehlaha se fumaneha ka har'a lifate tse se nang letho, ka li-logs kapa tse ling.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 267 ka karolelano. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 7 (3-4 ka karolelano). Malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa a foufetse ebile ha a utloe litsebeng, a boima ba 25-30 g. Litsebe li buloa ka letsatsi la 26, 'me mahlo ka mor'a 39 mone o qeta likhoeli tse peli. Ka likhoeli tse 3-4, malinyane a se a ka iphumanela lijo tsa 'ona.
(Martes flavigula)
Karolo e kholo ea sebaka sa charza e akaretsa Lihlekehleke tsa Great Sunda, Hloahloeng ea Mala, Indochina, moeling oa lithaba tsa Himalaya, China le Hloahloeng ea Korea. Sebaka se ikhethileng se ka thoko se ka boroa ho India subcontinent. Russia, e fumaneha sebakeng sa Amur, ka beseng ea Noka ea Ussuri le Sikhote Alin.
Bolelele ba 'mele 55-80 cm, mohatla 35-44 cm, e boima ho fihlela ho 5,7 kg.
Kharza ke sebata se tloaelehileng sa meru e kopaneng le e kopaneng. Li itukisetsa ho lula matsoapong a lithaba le mabopong a linoka. Burma, e lula mekhoabong, le Pakistan - lehoatateng, lithaba tse se nang thuso. E lula hantle fatše, leha e hloa lifate ka ho phethahetseng. O matha haholo, mme o tlohang sefateng se seng ho ya ho se seng, o etsa boqhoqha ho fihlela ho 4 m. Hangata o phela bophelo bo makatsang.
Kharza ke e mong oa libatana tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa Ussuri taiga. E iphepa ka litoeba (squirrels, mange, chipmunks), marutle, mollusks, hares le linonyana (hazel grouse, pheasants). E boetse e hlasela li-ungulates tse nyane - likolobe tse hlaha, mekholutsoane ea Manchurian, elk, makhoa a roe, likhama tsa likhama, le seretse. Khafetsa e hlasela lintja tsa raccoon, libui le lisabole. Monokotšoai le linate tsa phaene li jeoa ka bongata bo bonyenyane, 'me li alafshoa linotšing tsa linotši. Empa lekhoba le ratoang ka ho fetisisa Kharza ke mouoane oa musk.
Ho fapana le li-martens tse ling, mariha, charza e ka tsoma ka lihlopha tsa batho ba 3-5. Liphoofolo lia fapanyetsana ho lelekisa phofu, kapa tse ling li e khanna, ha tse ling li emetse ho lata. Nakong ea ho tsoma likhama tsa musk, harza e boetse e sebelisa mokhoa ona: e khannela motho ea hlokahalitsoeng nōkeng kapa letšeng le leqhoeng, moo mokolokotoane oa "musk" o thellisang lehloeng 'me o ka oela. Ha li lelekisa liphofu, charza e etsa melumo e tšoanang le ho luma, eo ho hlakileng e tsamaisang liketso tsa eona. Nakong ea selemo, sehlopha sa ho tsoma se ntse se qepha. Harza o qala ho tsoma a le mong, bosiu a ntse a foka a pota-potile squirrel hayns, 'me motšehare - a le mekotlong, moo ho fofang squirrels le ba bang ba banyenyane ba taiga.
Ho na le lira tse 'maloa tsa tlhaho: li-charz tse ngata li phela ho fihlela botsofaling bo boholo. Hang ha e le motšoaruoa, haholo-holo e monyane, charza e tloaela motho eo 'me e fetoha ea tsitsitseng ka ho felletseng.
Tsamaea ho tloha Harz qetellong ea lehlabula (ka Phato). Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 120. Literbeng tse 2-5. Malinyane a lula le bo-'m'a 'ona ho fihlela selemo, a ithuta ka bokhoni ba hae ba ho tsoma. Kamora ho tlohela bo-'m'a bona, bacha ba ntse ba tsoma hammoho nako e telele.
(Martes foina)
E lula ho fetisisa Europe. Meetso ea eona e pharalla e tloha Hloahloeng ea Iberia ho ea Mongolia le Himalaya.
Liphoofolo tsena li bolelele ba 'mele ka lisenthimithara tse 40 ho isa ho tse 55, le bolelele ba mohatla tse 22 ho isa ho tse 30.
Li-martens tsa majoe li sebetsa haholo bosiu, 'me motšehare li ipata matlong a tsona. Libaka tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho bakeng sa tsona ke majoe a majoe, qubu ea majoe le meaho e lahliloeng ea liphoofolo tse ling (majoe a majoe ha a a hahe le ho a cheka). Haufi le meaho, hangata li-martens tsa majoe li sebelisoa bakeng sa li-attics kapa litala. Likokoanyana li entsoe ka moriri, masiba kapa thepa ea semela. Bosiu, li-martens tsa majoe li il'o batla phofu, li tsamaea ka nako e le 'ngoe haholo-holo fatše. Le ha 'mellane oa lejoe a khona ho hloa lifate hantle, ha a li etse.
Joalo ka bashoela-tumelo ba bangata, bo-martens ba majoe ba phela ba le bang 'me ba qoba ho kopana le baena ba bona ntle le nako ea ho tlolelana. Motho ka mong o na le sebaka seo a tšoaeang lekunutu le khethehileng le ho e sirelletsa ho tsoa ho le leng. Sebaka sa mefuta e joalo e ka fetoha, empa ha e le hantle, e nyane ho feta ea pine marten.E ka ba ho tloha ho lihekthere tse 12 ho isa ho 210, 'me ho itšetlehile ka bong, (ba batona ba na le mekhoa e meholo ho feta ea basali), nako ea selemo (lits'oants'o tse nyane tsa mariha ho feta hlabula) le boteng ba phofu ea eona.
Li-martens tsa majoe ke li-omnivores tse jang nama haholo. Li ja liphiri tse nyane (mohlala, litoeba kapa mmutla), linonyana le mahe a tsona, lihoho, likokoanyana le ba bang. Lehlabula, karolo ea bohlokoa ea phepo ea bona ea phepo ke lijo tsa limela, tse kenyeletsang litholoana le litholoana. Ka linako tse ling li-martens tsa majoe li kenella likhoeling tsa likhoho kapa malapeng a maeba. Ho tšoha ha linonyana ho baka tšitiso e kenang ho tsona, e li qobella ho bolaea liphofu tsohle tse ka bang teng, le haeba palo ea tsona e feta haholo seo li khonang ho se ja.
Ho ruruha ho etsahala likhoeling tsa lehlabula ho tloha ka Phato ho isa Phato, empa ka lebaka la poloko ea peo 'meleng oa mosali, peo e hlaha feela nakong ea selemo (ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa ka Hlakubele). Kahoo, ho feta likhoeli tse robeli pakeng tsa ho emoloa le ho beleha, ha ho ima ka boeona ho nka khoeli e le 'ngoe. Ka nako e le 'ngoe, e le molao, ho tsoaloa malinyane a mararo kapa a mane, bao qalong ba neng ba foufetse ebile ba hlobotse. Kamora khoeli, ba qala ho tutubolla mahlo, ka mor'a khoeli ba khohole ho tsoa ho phepo e nepahetseng ka lebese, 'me ka hoetla ba ikemele. Ho kena bohlankaneng ho etsahala pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 15 ho isa ho tse 27. Karolelano ea nako e telele ea bophelo ba hlaha naheng ke lilemo tse tharo, batho ba atlehileng ka ho fetisisa ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse leshome. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, ba bolaeang ka majoe ba tsofala haholo mme ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 18.
(Martes martes)
E tsamaisoa hoo e batlang e le hohle Europe. Mefuta ea tsona e tloha Lihlekehlekeng tsa Brithani ho ea Siberia Bophirimela le ka boroa ho tloha ho Leoatle la Leoatle ho ea ho Caucasus le Elburz. Ha li Iceland le Scandinavia leboea le karolong ea Hloahloa ea Iberia. Sebaka seo liphoofolo tsena li lulang ho sona ke meru, haholo-holo ea makhaola-khang ebile e tsoakiloe. Libakeng tse lithaba e fumaneha libakeng tse phahameng moo lifate li ntseng li hola.
Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha ho cm ho isa ho 58 cm, bolelele ba mohatla bo tloha ho 16 ho isa ho 28 cm, mme boima bo tsoa ho 0,8 ho isa ho 1,8 kg.
Li-martens tsa morung ke baahi ba lifate tse ngata ho feta mefuta e meng ea marten. Ba tseba ho hloa le ho tlola hantle, ha ba ntse ba hlola hole ho fihla ho 4 metres. Ha li hloa, li khona ho potoloha maoto a tsona ka 180 °. Meaho e hahiloe sebakeng sa eona, haholo ka mekotleng, kapa ba sebelisa meaho ea squirrel e setseng, hammoho le lihlaha tsa linonyana tse jang liphofu. Ba isoa mehahong ena hore ba phomole mots'eare, 'me ka shoalane' me bosiu ba ea ba il'o batla phofu ea bona.
Li-Martens ke liphoofolo tse nang le boits'oaro bo sebakeng se tsebahalang, li tšoaea sebaka sa tsona ka thuso ea lekunutu le fumanoang ke tšoelesa ea anal. Ba sireletsa meeli ea boholo ba bona ho tsoa ho beng ka bona ba lekanang, empa liphihlelo tsa ba batona le ba batšehali hangata lia fapana. Boholo ba lintja tse joalo bo fapana haholo, leha mekoloko ea banna e lula e le kholo ho feta libaka tsa basali. Phapang e boetse e bonoa mabapi le linako tsa selemo - mariha, mekhahlelo ea batho ka bomong e nyane ho fihla ho 50% ka tlase ho hlabula.
Li-Martens ke li-omnivores, empa li khetha liphoofolo tse nyane (mohlala, li-males le squirrels), hammoho le linonyana le mahe a tsona. Se ke oa nyahlatsa le ho iphetetsa, lihoho, likhoho, likokoanyana le setopo. Hoetla, litholoana, monokotsoai le linate e ka ba karolo ea lijo tsa bona. Forest marten e bolaea phofu ka ho loma ka morao hloohong. Hoetla lehlabula le hoetla, ea bokella le ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa lijo bakeng sa selemo se batang.
Ho ruruha ha martens ho etsahala bohareng ba lehlabula, empa boimana ka lebaka la paballo ea peo 'meleng oa mosali bo qala hamorao haholo mme bana ba hlaha ka April feela. Kholo ea bona e ts'oana le kholo ea li-marten cubs. Ha a hlaha, bolelele ba tsona ke lisenthimithara tse 10. Bakeng sa libeke tse robeli tsa pele, ba lula sehlaheng sa batsoali, joale ba qale ho hloella ho potoloha le eona ebe ba hlahloba sebaka seo. Kamora libeke tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng, qetellong ba ikemetse, empa ka linako tse ling ho fihlela nakong ea selemo se tlang ba ntse ba tsamaea le bo-mme ba bona.Ka selemo sa bobeli sa bophelo, li-pine martens li qala ho kena bohlankaneng, le hoja hangata li nyalana ka lekhetlo la pele, e le molao, ka selemo sa boraro sa bophelo. Nako ea bophelo ba botlamuoeng e fihla ho lilemo tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng, empa ha e le naheng, ke banna ba bakae feela ba baholo ba fetang lilemo tse leshome.
(Martes gwatkinsii)
Mofuta o le mong feela oa marten o fumanoang India Boroa. Masiana maralleng a Nilgiriya le Western Ghats.
Ena ke 'marten e kholo haholo ka bolelele ho tloha ho 55 ho isa ho 70 cm. Bolelele ba mohatla bo tloha ho 40 ho isa ho 45 cm, le boima ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 2,5 kg.
Nilgirian marten ke sebatana se jang nama se tsomang linonyana tse nyane, litoeba (squirrels tsa India, litoeba tse maoto a maoto a mosoeu), likokoanyana (cicadas), lihahabi (mekholutsoane, mekholutsoane ea lebotho la Bengal) le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa mofuta oa Asia
Ho ka etsahala hore ebe o phela bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo ka liphoofolo tsohle tse fumanoeng li ile tsa bonoa ho tloha ka 10 ho isa ho 14:30 thapama. O qeta boholo ba nako ea hae a le lifateng, empa o tsoma fatše. Likokoanyana li hlophisitsoe ka meqhaka le masoba a lifate tse telele (ho fihlela ho 16 m), haufi le metsi (60-90 cm). E qoba boteng ba motho.
(Martes melampus)
Bo-martens ba Majapane qalong ba ne ba lula lihlekehlekeng tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tsa boroa tsa Japane (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Tsushima le Korea. Bakeng sa ho fumana masiba, ba ne ba tlisoa le lihlekehlekeng tsa Hokkaido le Sado. Boholo ba eona ba tlhaho ke meru feela, empa ka linako tse ling e fumanoa libakeng tse bulehileng haholoanyane.
Bolelele ba 'mele ba liphoofolo tsena bo fihla ho 47 ho isa ho 54 cm, le bolelele ba mohatla ho tloha ho 17 ho isa ho 23 cm. Tse tona li boima haholo ho feta tse tšehali' me li boima ka karolelano ea 1,2 kg, ha tsehali e le tse 1,0 feela.
Hanyane ha ho tsejoe mabapi le mokhoa oa bophelo oa bo-martens ba Majapane. Ba haha lihlaha mekoting ea letsopa hammoho le lifateng. Ha ba le moo, ba ipata motšehare ho ea batla lijo bosiu. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse tikolohong e tšoaeang sebaka sa tsona sa lekunutu la litšoelesa tse mpe. Ntle le nako ea ho tsofala, ba lula ba le bang. Joalo ka martens a mangata, ke liphoofolo tse makatsang tse jang tse anyesang le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tse kang linonyana le lihoho, hammoho le li-crustaceans, likokoanyana, monokotsoai le lipeo.
Ho ts'oaroa ho qala ka Hlakubele - Mots'eanong, ka Phupu le Phato, e tšehali e tla le malinyane a le 1 ho isa ho a 5. Kamora likhoeli tse 4, ba ikemela.
(Martes zibellina)
Hajoale, e fumanehang habonolo e fumaneha hohle sebakeng sa taiga ea Russia ho tloha Urals ho ea fihla lebopong la Pacific ho ea ka leboea ho isa meeling ea limela tsa meru. O khetha taiga e koahetsoeng ka moea o lefifi, haholo-holo rata kedrachi. E fumaneha hape le Japane, sehlekehlekeng sa Hokkaido.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa sable bo ka fihla ho 56 cm, mohatla o fihla ho cm 20. Boima ba banna ke 1 100-1 800 g, basali - 900-1 500 g
Moahi ea tloaetseng ho phela oa mofuta oa taiga oa Siberia. Sebatana se jang lintho tse ngata ebile se matla haholo ka boholo ba tsona. E phela bophelo ba lefatšeng. E tlolela holimo. Matšoao a pentiloe ka lipara tse kholo tse kholo ho tloha ho 5x7 ho isa ho 6x10 cm. Bolelele ba qhomela ke cm 30-70. E hloella lifateng hantle, empa ha e "palama" holimo. E na le kutlo le monko o tsoetseng pele hantle, mahlo a fokola. Lentsoe ke seboko, joalo ka katse. E tsamaea habonolo lehloeng le otlolohileng. Boholo bo sebetsang hoseng le mantsiboea. Ha e le molao, e lula merung ea phaene, libakeng tse holimo tsa linoka tsa lithaba, haufi le lefats'e - ka har'a lithota tse sa tebang, har'a ba behang majoe, ka linako tse ling e nyolohela meqhaka ea lifate.
Litoeba tse kang tsa 'mangoane ke tsona tse tlang pele ho lijo, haholo-holo' mala o mofubelu (bo bofubelu-boroa ka boroa). Ka bochabela ho Yenisei le Lithabeng tsa Sayan, karolo e kholo ea phepo e nepahetseng e bapaloa ke pika. Hangata e ja liprotheine, e hlasela li-hares. Ha e se e felisitse li-squirrel tse limilione tse 'maloa sebakeng sena selemong, e ka ba hantle hore e se ke ea hola. Ho linonyana, tse sebelisoang hangata ho hlasela hazel grouse le capercaillie, empa ka kakaretso, linonyana ke lijo tse fokolang. Ka boomo o ja lijo tsa semela. Lijo tse ratoang - linate tsa phaene, molora oa thaba, li-blueberries. E ja monokotsoai oa lingonberry, blueberry, ciliegia ea nonyana, rose e tsoang, currant.
Sable e sebetsa ka shoalane, bosiu, empa hangata e tsoma mots'eare. Morero oa ho tsoma oa motho ka mong ho tloha ho li-150-200 ha ho isa ho 1500-2000 ha, ka linako tse ling e feta.
Matloana a marobalo a mapatlelong a lifate tse oeleng le tse emeng, ka meqomong ea majoe, tlasa metso.E fofa ka leboea halofo ea pele ea Mots'eanong, ka boroa ka Mphalane. Liphoofolo li kena bonyenyaneng ha li le lilemo li peli ho isa ho tse tharo mme li tsoala ho isa ho lilemo tse 13-15. Ho ts'oaroa ka June - Phupu, ho ima matsatsi a 250-290. Literateng ho tloha ho a le mong ho isa ho a supileng malinyane, hangata a le 3-4. Ho hlatsoa ho fela bohareng ba Mphalane.
(Martes pennanti)
E lula merung ea Amerika Leboea, ho tloha lithabeng tsa Sierra Nevada tse California ho ea ho li-Appalachian West Virginia, e rata ho khomarela meru e tlokomang e nang le lifate tse ngata tse se nang mohloa. Lifate tsa ilka tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa sefate sa phaene, sefirese, kedare le lifate tse ling tse ntle. Mariha, hangata ba lula mekatong, ka linako tse ling ba e cheka lehloeng. Ilki li nyoloha ka lifate, empa hangata li tsamaea fatše. Ho sebetsa nako le nako. E-ba le mokhoa oa ho itšehla thajana.
Ilka ke e 'ngoe ea li-martens tse kholo ka ho fetisisa: bolelele ba' mele oa hae ka mohatla bo fihla ho 75-120 cm, boima ke 2-5 kg.
Lijo tse ratoang haholo ke lipopae tsa lehong, hammoho le litoeba, squirrels, hares tse tšoeu, linonyana le linonyana. Monokotšoai le litholoana, ka mohlala, liapole lia jeoa. Ho fapana le lebitso, Ilka ha se hangata e jang litlhapi. Motšoasi oa litlhapi o ntse a lelekisa pampiri ea ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa Senyesemane, eo ho thoeng e nkiloe fisikse ea Sefora. Ilka le sable ea Amerika (Martes americana) ke tsona feela liphoofolo tse jang nama tse mahareng tse ka lelekisang liphofu tsa sefate le liforong habonolo.
Nako ea kemolo e se e le mariha - mathoasong a selemo. Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 11 ho isa ho tse 12, tseo ho tsona 10 lesea le sa tsoa emoloa. Ka har'a malinyane, ho na le malinyane a 5 a foufetseng le a batlang a hlobotse. E ikemetse ka la 5 khoeling. Nakoana kamora ho hlaha, tse tšehali lia nyala ebe lia ima hape. Tebello ea bophelo e fihlile ho lilemo tse 10.
(Vormela peregusna)
Liaparo li tloaelehile Europe Bochabela le Asia. Mekha ea tsona e tloha Phuleng ea Balkan le Asia Bophirimela (ntle le Hloahloeng ea Arabia) ho ea ka boroa ho Russia le Asia Bohareng ho ea leboea-bophirima ho Chaena le Mongolia. Liaparo li lula libakeng tse ommeng moo ho se nang lifate, joalo ka litepisi, lehoatata le lithota. Ka linako tse ling e fumanoa ho joang bo botala ba piedmont. Nako le nako, liphoofolo tsena li ne li bonoa le lithabeng, moo phetisetso ea tsona e neng e pakiloe ho fihlela bophahamo ba limithara tse 3000. Matsatsing ana, liaparo tse ngata li lula mapatlelong, lirapeng tsa morara esita le libakeng tsa batho.
Bolelele ba 'mele ho tloha ho 29 ho isa ho 38 cm ka mohatla ho tloha ho cm 15 ho isa ho 22. Boima ba liaparo tsa batho ba baholo ke ho tloha ho 370 ho isa ho 730 g.
Mokhoa oa ho apara o ts'oana le mokhoa oa steppe ferret. Li mafolofolo haholo mantsiboea kapa bosiu, ka linako tse ling li tsoma le nakong ea motšehare. Ha e le molao, letsatsi le sebelisoa ka har'a mink ea lona, e neng e chekoa ka boeona kapa e nkiloe ho liphoofolo tse ling. Ntle le nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, moaparo o lula o le mong. Methapo ea tsona e ka fapana, empa ha ho likhang pakeng tsa liphoofolo tsena, kaha li leka ho qoba tse ling. Sebakeng sa kotsi, moaparo o phahamisetsa moriri oa moriri oa hae qetellong ebe o lebisa mohatla oa oona o boreleli, oo mebala ea hae ea temoso e lokelang ho tšosa sera. Haeba sena se sa thusa, ho roala gland ea hau e ka u tšollela lekunutu la moea o seng monate haholo.
Liaparo li tsoma ka bobeli ba tsona fatše, moo ka linako tse ling li emang ka maoto a bona a morao ho ba le pono e ntle ea sebaka, le lifateng tseo ba ka hloang ho tsona. Leha ho le joalo, hangata o tsoma liphakeng tse ka tlas'a lefatše tsa litoeba tse fapaneng, tseo ka linako tse ling a lulang ho tsona. Lijo tsa eona li kenyelletsa likokoana-hloko, matlooa, squirrels, hamsters hammoho le linonyana, li-vertebrates tse nyane le likokoanyana.
Nako ea kemaro ha e apere liaparo e fihlile ho isa ho likhoeli tse leshome le motso o mong, ka lebaka la hore lehe le emolisitsoeng le "phomola" pele mme ha le qale ho hola hanghang. Ka nako e le 'ngoe, tse tšehali li tsoala tse' ne ho isa ho tse robeli (ka karolelano ea tse 'ne kapa tse hlano). Li nyane haholo ebile li foufetse, empa li hola ka potlako, 'me ka mor'a khoeli li loma lebese. E tšehali e ba le bokhachane nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo, ho ba batona e hlaha e le selemo sa selemo se le seng.Hanyane hanyane ho tsejoa ka nako e telele ea liaparo, empa ba phela botlamuoeng lilemo tse ka bang robong.
(Mustela lutreola)
E tsamaisoa Europe (Russia, Jeremane Bochabela, Hungary, Romania, Switzerland, France Boroa-Bophirima, Karelia, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Caucasus).
Bolelele ba mmele ke 28 cm cm, mohatla o 12 cm cm. Boima ba 'mele ke 550-800 g.
Lintoa mabopong a melapo, linoka le matša. Ke ka seoelo e fetisoang hole le limilimithara tse 200 ho tloha mabopong a polokelo ea matlo. Motsoako oa litlama o bula le mabopo a lehlabathe. Boetong ba eona ho lula likhohola tsa likhohola le lipakeng tsa methapo ea linoka tse linokeng tse kholo.
Motheo oa lijo ke litlhapi tse nyane (minnows, char, sculpin, li-burbots tse nyane), tseo ka bohlale ba li phehellang ka tlasa metsi. E boetse e ja likhoto tsa metsi, litoeba tse kang tsa panya, mollusks, crayfish, linoha, lihoho le linonyana.
European mink e sebetsa selemo ho pota. Sebaka sa bolulo se hlophisa ka tlas'a mabopo a noka a metsi a hlatsoelitsoeng, ka metso kapa ka lithaba tsa phokotso ea moea. Ka linako tse ling e cheka likoti ka boeona kapa e holisa masoba a li-muskrats kapa likhoto tsa metsi (hangata monyako oa sekoti o tlas'a metsi). E tsoma bosiu, empa ka linako tse ling e fumanoa motšehare oa mantsiboea. O qeta boholo ba nako ea hae a le lebopong, a lelera pakeng tsa metso le tlas'a lebopo le ntseng le feta. Nakong ea ho lelekisa, e ka sesa ka tlase ho metsi ho fihlela ho 10-20 m, ebe e phaphamatse kamoreng e ka morao ho moea ebe e boela e thella ka potlako.
Phoofolo e holileng e hloka lijo tse ka bang 180 g ka letsatsi. Haeba phepo e ngata, mink e ka bokellana.
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha. Likhoeling tse futhumetseng, ho lula setšeng se sa feleng, se lulang lihekthere tse 15-20. Mariha, hangata o tsamaea a batla lijo mabopong a noka. Karolo e tona ea monna e feta likarolo tsa basali tse 'maloa. E tona ha e kopanele ho holiseng bocha.
Nakong ea pelehi, tse tona li qala ho batla tse tšehali tse libakeng tsa tsona tse haufinyane, 'me hamorao li ea libakeng tse telele. Hangata, ba batona ba bangata ba lelekisa mosali a le mong. Tse tona tse matla le tse matla ka ho fetisisa li fumana tokelo ea ho ba molekane.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 42-46. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 4-7 a foufetseng le a hlobotseng. Motsoako o nka libeke tse 10. Lekhetlong lena, bacha ba qala ho tsoma le bo-mme ba bona. Ha a le libeke tse 12, minks tse nyane li ikemela ka botlalo. Ka bobeli, sehlopha sa lelapa se lula ho fihlela ho oa, 'me hamorao malinyane a qhalakana a ntse a batla libaka tsa' ona.
(Mustela vison)
E tsamaisoa likarolong tse ngata tsa Amerika Leboea.
Bolelele ba 'mele - ho fihla ho 50 cm, boima - ho fihlela ho 2 kg, bolelele ba mohatla - ho fihlela 25 cm.
E lula libakeng tse nang le metsi a bulehileng (matša, linoka, melapo e sa tebang le likhohlo). Hangata ho lula haufi le bolulo ba batho. E khetha linoka, moo mohloa o mongata o thetsoang mariha.
Mink ea Amerika ke phoofolo ea bosiu. Merero ea hae ea ho tsoma e tsamaea lebopong la leoatle. Lehlabuleng, liphoofolo ha li tsamaee hole ho feta 50-80 m ho tloha lesobeng. Nakong ea nako ea peleho, tse tona li tsamaee haholo, 'me li ka tsamaea ho fihla ho 30 km. Likamore li hlophisa haufi le metsi. E sebelisa marokho a muskrat (burrow ka likamore tse 'maloa le litemana tse fokotsang, bolelele ho fihlela ho 3 m). Kamore ea ho hlapela e entsoe ka joang bo omileng, makhasi kapa makhasi. Mink ea Amerika e hlophisa kamore ea ho hlapela hantle ka sekoting, ka ntlong e 'ngoe ea likamore kapa pela monyako oa sekoti. Mariha, ka serame se matla, sekoti se kenang ka sekoting se kengoe kahare. Mink ea Amerika e sesa hantle, e sebelisa maoto kaofela a mane. O hloella hantle mme o itsamaela kapele. E tsoma naheng le metsing (ho latela nako ea selemo le tikoloho).
Pono ha e na matla, ka hona, ha e tsoma, sebata se itšetleha feela ka monko oa sona. Boholo ba phofu ea banna ke bo boholo ho feta ba ba batšehali. Haeba phofu e le ngata haholo, mink e abela masalla a eona hore a e je hamorao.
Ha e oele hibernation, empa mariha (ka serame se matla) e ka robala holim'a lair ka matsatsi a 'maloa ka tatellano. Ha e sokeloa, e sebelisa lekunutu la monko o tsoang ho litšoelesa tsa teng.
E ja li-vertebrates tse nyane (lihohoana, makhala, linoha, linonyana, le mebutlanyana, litoeba, muskrats le litoeba tse ling), litlhapi, li-invertebrates tsa metsing le likokoanyana.
Mink ea Amerika ke phoofolo e le 'ngoe le naha. Libaka tsa sebaka se batona tsa tse tona li kholo ho feta tsa tse tšehali. Batho bohle ba tšoaea sebaka sa bona ka litšila, se kopanyang monko oa secretion ho tsoa litšoeleng tsa anal. Mink e boetse e tsoa le lithupa le mafika ka 'metso, moo litšoelesa tsa' metso li leng teng.
Ena ke phoofolo ea sethepu: nakong ea pelehi, e tona e ka nyala le tse tšehali tse 'maloa. E tšehali le eona e ka nyaloa ke banna ba 'maloa. Bakeng sa ho tsamaisa, mink e tšehali ea Amerika e khetha lesoba ho fihlela botebo ba limithara tse 3. Hangata, lair ha e hole le 200 m ho tloha metsing.
Nako ea ho ikatisa e qala ho tloha ka Hlakola ho isa ka Hlakubele. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 50. E tšehali e tsoala 1-10 (ka karolelano 4) malinyane a foufetseng hape a sa hlobotse. Boima ba masea a macha bo ka ba ligrama tse 6. Ka libeke tse 5-6, malinyane a na le moriri o moputsoa bo bofubelu. Mahlo a buloa ka letsatsi la 37, mme lebone le nka libeke tse 8-9. Lekhetlong lena, mink e nyane e boima ba ligrama tse 350. Qetellong ea lehlabula, bacha ba ikemetse ka ho feletseng 'me ba siea bo-'m'a bona.
(Mustela sibirica)
Kholomo ke boholo ba baahi ba Asia. E ajoa haufi le matsoapo a Himalaya, karolong e kholo ea China, Japane, Hloahloeng ea Korea, ka boroa ho East Bochabela, Siberia e ka boroa le e bohareng ho fihla ho li-Urals. Sebakeng se seholo joalo sa lipilara, ehlile, li phela maemong a fapaneng, empa hohle li rata meru - e lefifi ka ho khetheha kapa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e boreleli, e nang le litoeba tse nyane, empa haholoholo haufi le linoka le matša. Khafetsa lipilara li fumanoa metseng moo li ts'oereng likhoto le litoeba, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang li hlasele likhoho.
Bolelele ho tloha pheletsong ea kotlo ho isa mohatleng oa mohatla ke 28-30, bolelele ba mohatla ke 16,5 cm.
Karolo ea phepo e tšoana le phepo e nepahetseng. E iphepa ka litoeba (maqhubu, muskrats, chipmunks, squirrels, jerboas), li-pikas, hammoho le linonyana, mahe a tsona, lihohoana, likokoanyana, carrion, 'me ka linako tse ling e ts'oasa maratso. Ka lebaka la khaello ea methapo ea methapo e qala ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Likolone li tsoma bosiu kapa shoalane, 'me motšehare li ipata ka setširelong (tlasa metso ea lifate tse oeleng, ka sefefo sa moea kapa majoe). Ho tšaba, ho labalabela ho tseba le ho tsofala - habonolo e kenella ka mekoting e patisaneng le likhohlo moo liphoofolo tse nyane li lulang teng. O hloella lifate le mafika hantle, o sesa hantle. Mariha, o qeta boholo ba nako a le ka tlasa lehloa. E sebetsa selemo ho pota, libakeng tse matla tsa serame tse lulang ka mekoting. Ha ho na libaka tsa marang-rang; o hahlaula ka har'a mariga ho ea batla liphofu. Ho fihla ho 8 km e ka koaheloa ka bosiu bo le bong. E tlolela holimo haholo.
Selekane se qala ka Pherekhong - Hlakubele. E tona e lelekisa mosali a le mong feela. Bakeng sa tsoalo ea ngoana, e tšehali e hlophisa sehlaha (ka mekhukhung ea li-chipmunks, ka tlasa metso ea lifate le makhasi a oeleng, ka majoe le mafika a mafika), moo e hulang boea, masiba, makhasi le joang bo omeletseng. Malinyane a hlaha ka Mphalane - Hlakubele. E tona ha e nke karolo ea letho ho holiseng malinyane. Ha a hlasela, e tšehali e emela lesea la eona ka matla le ka sebete.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 28-42. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 4-10. Likatse li tsoetsoe li foufetse ebile li hlobotse. Mahlo a buleha kamora khoeli. Motsoako o qeta matsatsi a 56, mme mme o qala ho fepa malinyane ka liphoofolo tse nyane.
(Mustela frenata)
E tsamaisoa ho tloha moeling oa Canada le Amerika ho pholletsa le Amerika Bohareng ho ea libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Amerika Boroa.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa banna ke ho fihlela ho 40 cm, tse tšehali ho isa ho 35 cm, mohatla bakeng sa ba batona ho fihlela ho 15,2 cm, bakeng sa basali ho fihlela ho 12,7 cm. Boima ba' mele ba banna bo fihla ho 450 g, basali ho fihlela ho 255 g.
Weasel e nang le mohatla o molelele e fumanoa libakeng tsohle tse haufi le metsi. Lihlahisoa tsa ho khomarela lihlaha tsa lihlahla tse majabajaba le lithapo tsa honeysuckle, meru ea moru, meru le lithota tsa joang tse haufi le terata.
Weasel e mohatla o molelele ha e robale bosiu, empa libakeng tsa li-voles (tse etellang pele bophelo ba motšehare) e ea tsoma thapama. Bosiu, sebata se tsamaea ho fihlela ho 5 km.Boholo ba morero oa motho ka mong o ipapisitse le tlhahiso ea (moalo o tlase ke 0,7-1 ha, mme haeba ho na le khaello ea phepelo, morero o nyolohela ho 20-160 ha).
Weasel ke phoofolo e sa tšabeng letho ebile e bohelehele. Nakong ea ts'ireletso khahlanong le lira kapa nakong ea ho ruruha, e ntša lekunutu le sa hlasimoloheng le tsoang litšoelesa tsa anal. Phofu e nyane e bolaoa ka makhetlo a 'maloa a potlakileng ka morao molaleng. Ha e hlasela phofu e kholo, e e tšoara ebe e lula ho eona ka maoto a eona a ka pele le a morao. Nakong ea ntoa, mofoka o leka ho ea mokokotlong ho etsa letoto la ho loma botlaaseng ba lehata ho thoba le ho bolaea mohlaseluoa. Phofu e fumanoeng ka mekotleng e bilika phatleng 'me e bolaea ka ho loma' metso oa phefumoloho. E ja lehlatsipa, ho qala ka hlooho. Ka tlhahiso e feteletseng e boloka mehloli, empa ha e khutlele ho eona.
Monko oa mali o ba mabifi le ho ba mali haholo. Weasel e sebetsa haholo ebile e na le metabolism e phahameng haholo. Ho tlola fatshe ka ho inamisa mokokotlo ka sebopeho sa arch, athe mohatla ka nako ena o ts'oarehile (holima kaholimo ho lefats'e). Weasel ea bolelele bo bolelele e sesa hantle, ka bohlale e hloella lifateng (ka linako tse ling e nyolohela bophahamong ba limithara tse 6 le holimo).
E ja feela lijo tsa liphoofolo (litoeba, likhoto, likhaba tsa masimong, squirrels, chipmunks, shrews, moles le mebutlanyana), hammoho le mahe, matsuane le linonyana tsa batho ba baholo, linoha, lihoho le likokoanyana. Ho lula pela monna, ho hula likhoho.
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha. Li-vapors li thehoa feela nakong ea tlhahiso. Ka nako ena, ba batona ba tšoaea sebaka sa bona, ba palame karolo e ka morao ea 'mele. E tšehali e tsoala litšila a le mong ka selemo. Ka boroa ho matlakala a fapaneng, ho ka ba le tse peli kapa tse 3. Bakeng sa tsoalo, e tšehali e hlophisa lair, e fumanehang qubu ea majoe, qubu ea brashe, maraba a litoeba, squirrels, chipmunks le voles. Botebo ba lesoba le joalo ke cm cm 15- 43. Sehlaha se na le boea bo tsoang liphoofolong tse jetsoeng kapa joang bo omeletseng.
Bokhachane bo nang le bokhachane bo liehang ho emoloa bo ka tloha matsatsing a 205 ho isa ho a 337. Nako ea 'nete ea boimana ke matsatsi a 27-25. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a se nang thuso a 1-9. Boima ba masea a macha bo ka ba 3 g. Bacha ba na le letlalo le koahetsoeng ka boea bo bosoeu bo bosoeu. Mahlo a buleha a le lilemo li 35, mme ka nako e ts'oanang lactation ea emisa. Ha a le libeke tse 6-7, malinyane a qala ho tsoma le bo-'m'a 'ona. Libekeng tse 11 ho isa ho tse 12 ba tloha lemeneng mme ba qala ho phela bophelo bo ikemetseng.
(Mustela altaica)
E etsahala ho tloha libakeng tse bohareng ba Russia le naha ka bophara ho ea moeling o ka leboea, boroa-bochabela ho Korea, bophirima ho ea fihla leboea India.
Bolelele ba banna bo fapana ho tloha ho 21 ho isa ho 28 cm ka mohatla oa cm 10-15. Boima ba tsona li tsoa ho 250 ho isa ho 370 g. Tse tšehali li fokola hanyane, ho tloha bolelele ba 21 ho isa ho 26 cm, le bolelele ba 9-12,5 cm. Boima ba basali ke ho tloha ho 120 ho isa ho 245 g.
Mapheo a phahameng lithabeng ho tloha holimo ho limitara tse 1000 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle esita le ka har'a lejoe le nang le mafika a nang le moru o monyane. E lula mapetsong a pakeng tsa majoe a majoe ka har'a likutu tsa sefate kapa mekoting e lahliloeng. Lerato la lithabeng ha le tšabe ho lula haufi le libaka tsa bolulo tsa batho.
Lijo tsa eona li kenyelletsa litoeba tse nyane le tse mahareng (muskrat, squirrels, rabi, pika e kholo, li-hamsters tse putsoa, litoeba tsa masimong, jj.), Liphoofolo tse sa sireletsehang, linonyana. E ka ja lihoho, mekholutsoane, linoha, likokoanyana le mollusks. Ho lula malapeng a batho, ho utsoa lihlahisoa tsa nama le lihlapi, ho senya likhoho tsa likhoho.
Solongoy ke phoofolo e tsofetseng haholo, e lula mobung, e solla ka sefefo sa moea, tlasa metso le ka har'a mafika. Libakeng tse tšoanang o hlophisa lihlaha le ho tsoma bana. E sebetsa bosiu le motšehare. Ka potlako o matha 'me o hloa lifate, o tseba ho sesa. Bakeng sa puisano, haholo-holo pakeng tsa ba batona, ho sebelisoa lekunutu la litšoelesa tsa anal. Ha e sokeloa, phoofolo e etsa molumo o moholo oa molumo, 'me e ntša lephoka le hlabang ka har'a litšoelesa tsa anal. Tlhokahalo ea lijo tsa letsatsi le leng le le leng ke 45-55 g (le litoeba tse nyane tsa 3-4) bakeng sa monna e moholo, leha ho le joalo, hangata e bolaea lekoala haholo ho feta kamoo ho hlokahalang.
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha.
Nakong ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, tlholisano e bonoa lipakeng tsa ba batona ka lebaka la basali. Ka linako tse ling ho ba le lintoa tse mabifi pakeng tsa bona.Kamora ho tlolelana, e tona e tlohela e tšehali. Malinyane a tsoalloa sehlaheng se nang le joang le boea bo jeloang ke litoeba.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 30-49. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 1-8 a foufetseng le a hlobileng. Lactation e nka likhoeli tse peli. Ho tloha motsotsong ona, li-solongoi tse nyane li ikemetse, empa ka nakoana li lula le 'm'a tsona.
(Mustela erminea)
Ermine e atile Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše - sebakeng sa Arctic, libakeng tse batang le tse futhumetseng tsa Europe le Amerika Leboea. Europe, e etsahala ho tloha Scandinavia ho ea ho Pyrenees le Alps, ntle le Albania, Greece, Bulgaria le Turkey. Asia, libaka tsa eona li fihla lithabeng tsa Asia Bohareng, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China leboea-bochabela le Japane leboea. Amerika Leboea, e fumaneha Canada, lihlekehlekeng tsa lihlekehleke tsa Canada Arctic, ho Greenland le leboea ho Amerika (ntle le Great Plains).
Bolelele ba 'mele oa monna ke 17-25 cm (basali ba bolelele ba hoo e ka bang halofo), bolelele ba mohatla ke karolo ea 35% ea bolelele ba' mele - 6-12 cm, 'me boima ba' mele bo tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 260 g.
Ermine e ngata haholo libakeng tse nang le moru, li-taiga le tsa tundra. Khetho ea bona ea libaka e khethoa ke bongata ba phepelo e kholo - litoeba tse nyane. Ha e le molao, ermine e rata ho lula pela metsi: mabopong le linoka tsa linoka le melapo, haufi le matša a moru, mabopong a mabopo, lihlahla tsa lehlaka le lehlaka. Ha se hangata ho kenang botebong ba meru, merung ho na le mello ea khale le likhohola, meralo ea meru (haholo-holo hole le metsana le libaka tse fumanehang hantle), merung e teteaneng o rata meru e nang le limela tse ngata haholo tse nang le limela tse ngata. Tloaelehileng lipapong, literekeng tse mothating le liporong. Qoba libaka tse bulehileng. Ka linako tse ling e lula haufi le bolulo ba batho, masimong, lirapeng le lirapeng tsa meru, esita le mathong a litoropo.
E lebisa haholo bophelong ba naha ea boinotšing. Meeli ea sebaka sa sebaka ka seng e tšoailoe ke lekunutu la litšoelesa tse anal. Ka boholo ba moalo ona o fapana ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 20 ho li-20; ho banna, hangata e kholo ho feta ho tse tšehali, 'me e hanyetsana le merero ea tsona. Tse tona le tse tšehali li phela ka thoko 'me li kopana feela nakong ea kemolo. Lilemong tse lapileng le tse nonneng haholo, lifofane li tlohela merero ea tsona 'me li itsamaele, ka linako tse ling li feta hole haholo. Ka linako tse ling ho falla ho bakoa ke ho ikatisa ha litoeba libakeng tse haufi.
Ermine e sebetsa haholo ka lihora tsa bosiu, 'me ka linako tse ling e etsahala mots'ehare. Khethong ea libaka tsa bolulo, ho kenyelletsa le malinyane, a ikokobelitseng. E ka fumanoa libakeng tse sa lebelloang haholo - mohlala, ka foleteng, ka majoe a majoe, lithakong tsa meaho e sa tloheloang kapa ka mekotla e kentsoeng leboteng la moaho oa bolulo. E boetse e lula mokoting oa lifate, hangata e ipata ho tsona nakong ea likhohola. Khafetsa mohloa o lula ka har'a matloana le liphaposi tsa linonyana tse bolailoeng ke ona. E tšehali e beha lesoba la eona ka matlalo le boea ba litoeba tse bolailoeng, hangata e nang le joang bo omileng. Ermine ha e ipehele maraba ka boeona. Mariha, ha e na libaka tsa bolulo tse sa feleng ebile e sebelisa matlo a bolulo a sa reroang - ka tlasa majoe, metso ea sefate, marogo. Ka seoelo ha a khutlele sebakeng sa letsatsi.
Mofuta oa litlhapi oa sesa 'me o hloa hantle, empa ha e le hantle ke sebatana se ikhethileng. Lijong tsa hae, litoeba tse kang tsa khalase li haella, empa ho fapana le motsoala oa hae, senotlolo se ja li-voles tse nyane, ermine e ja litoeba tse kholo - phallo ea metsi, hamster, chipmunk, haylings, lemmings, jj. Boholo ba eona ha bo e lumelle hore e kenelle ka mekoting ea litoeba tse nyane. Tse tšehali li tsoma hangata ho feta tse tona. Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lijong tsa ermine ke linonyana le mahe a tsona, hammoho le litlhapi le linonyana. Le hangata ha ho sa na letho (ka lebaka la ho haella ha lijo tsa mantlha), ermine e ja li-amphibians, mekholutsoane le likokoanyana. E khona ho hlasela liphoofolo tse kholo ho ipitsa (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares le mebutlanyana), lilemong tse lapileng e bile e ja lithoto kapa masholu a tsoang bathong ba nama le lihlapi. Ha ho na le lijo tse ngata, mohloa o lula o felile, o senya litoeba ho feta kamoo li ka jang. E bolaea phofu joalo ka weasel - e loma lehata ka morao hloohong.Mofuta oa ermine o latela litoeba, a shebile monko, likokoanyana - molumo, tlhapi - o sebelisa pono.
Ermine ke phoofolo e tsofetseng haholo le e mahlahahlaha. Ho sisinyeha ha hae hoa potlaka, empa ho batla ho qabola. Ho tsoma, e tsamaea ho fihlela ho 15 km ka letsatsi, mariha - karolelano ea 3 km. Lehloa le tsamaea ka leqhoqho ho fihla ho 50 cm, le maoto a bobeli a hanyane a sutumelletsa fatše. O sesa ka mokhoa o phethahetseng 'me o nyoloha habonolo lifate. A lelekiloe ke sera, o lula holim'a sefate ho fihlela kotsi e feta. Hangata o khutsitse, empa ha a le maemong a nyakallo o qoqa ka lentsoe le phahameng, a khona ho tweet, a lla, esita le ho akhotsa.
Ermine polygamen e tsoala hang ka selemo. Ho etsa thobalano ho banna ho nka likhoeli tse 4, ho tloha bohareng ba Pherekhong ho isa qalong ea June. Boimana ho basali tse nang le mohato o molelele oa mariha (8-9 likhoeli) - mahe a emolisitsoeng ha a ntlafale ho fihlela la Hlakubele. Ka kakaretso, e nka likhoeli tse 9-10, ka hona, malana a hlaha ka Mphalane - Mots'eanong selemong se tlang. Palo ea likonyana ho litter e qala ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 18, karolelano ea 4-9. Ke mosali feela ea kenelletseng ho bona.
Bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ba na le boima ba 3-4 g le bolelele ba 'mele oa 32-51 mm, ba tsoetsoe ba foufetse, ba le menoana e meholo e koahetsoeng ka molatsoana o mosoeu ebile ba koahetsoe ke moriri o mosoeu o mosoeu. Ka letsatsi la 30-41, ba qala ho bona, 'me ka likhoeli tse 2-3 ha ba khetholloe ka boholo ho tloha ho batho ba baholo. Qetellong ea Phuptjane - ka Phupu, ba se ba ntse ba hlahisa lijo ka boithaopo.
Ba batšehali ba kena bonyenyaneng ba sa le banyenyane haholo, ka likhoeli tse 2-3, mme banna ba le lilemo li 11 ho isa ho tse 14 feela. Tse tona tse nyane (tse lilemo tse 60-70 matsatsi) li ka hlahisoa ka bokhabane ke ba baholo ba banna - nyeoe e ikhethang har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tlatsetsang ho pholoheng ha mefuta. Bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba ermine ke lilemo tse 1-2, 'me boholo ke lilemo tse 7. Bokhabane le mefuta e mengata ea lipalesa li fetoha haholo, 'me li eketseha ka sekhahla nakong ea lilemo tse ngata tsa litoeba le ho oela hampe nakong ea ha li felisoa.
(Mustela itatsi)
E phatlalalitsoe Japane, moo e fumanehang lihlekehlekeng tsa Honshu, Kyushu le Shikoku. E ile ea tsebisoa le lihlekehlekeng tsa Hokkaido, Ryukyu le Sakhalin ho laola palo ea litoeba.
Bolelele ba 'mele bo ka bang 35 cm, bolelele ba mohatla - 17 cm.
(Mustela kathiah)
E tsamaisoa ho tloha Northern Pakistan ho ea Asia Boroa-bochabela.
Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm cm 21.5-29, mohatla o bolelele ba 12,5-19 cm. Boima bo ka ba 1,56 kg.
E lula merung e ka tlas'a lefatše, e hloa ho fihla ho 1800-4000 m ka holimo ho leoatle. Lokisetsa lifate tsa phaene. Ha e le hantle, weasel e nang le 'mala o mosehla e ja litoeba (likhoto le litoeba tsa masimong), liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana.
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha.
E tšehali e hahela lehaha ka masoba, likutu fatše, tlas'a mafika kapa lipalo. Patso ka boeona e hahiloe ka joang bo omileng. Nakoana kamora ho hlaha, moetlo o mong oa bonoa, o qetella ka ho tlolelana ha hae. Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 10 (boholo ba nako bo oela nakong ea kholo ea kholo ea lehe). E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 3-18 a foufetseng le a hlokang thuso.
Li-grisons tse nyane le batho
Li-grisons tse nyane li laola palo ea mebutlanyana le litoeba tsa Europe ho Patagonia, ka hona ke liphoofolo tse sebetsang.
Bacha ba nolofalloa ho li laola. Nakong e fetileng, li-grisons tse nyane li ne li sebelisoa ka mafolofolo bakeng sa ho tsoma chinchillas. Morara o koetlisitsoeng o kenngoa ka sekoting sa chinchilla, mme o leleka phoofolo sebakeng se bulehileng moo setsomi se mo emelang.
Ka linako tse ling li-grisons tse nyane li hlasela likhoho, ntlheng ena, baahi ba moo ba a li qeta. Li-grisons tse nyane li thathamisitsoe Kopanong ea CITES.
Li-grisons tse nyane li ea tsoma hangata, ka linako tse ling li fumanoa ka bobeli kapa sehlopheng se senyenyane sa lelapa.
Mefuta e amanang
Ntle le li-grisons tse nyane, lelapa le lona le na le likerese, tseo le tsona li lulang Amerika Boroa. Likhunoane, ho fapana le lintja tse nyane, ha li tšosoe ke ho timela, kaha ona ke mefuta e mengata e nang le tikoloho e pharaletseng.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.
(Mustela nivalis)
E ajoa Europe, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Asia Minor, Iraq leboea, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Hloahloeng ea Korea, Japane, Amerika Leboea, Australia.
Bolelele ba phoofolo boa fapana, ho latela hore na ke ba mofuta o feng, ho tloha ho 11.4 ho isa ho 21.6 cm .. Weight 40-100 g.
Ho lula libaka tse fapaneng tsa biotope (meru, litepisi le matsoapo a moru, mabala a masimo, mekhoabo, mabopo a 'mele oa metsi, lehoatata, tundra, makhulo a lithaba).
Hoo e ka bang lijo tsohle tsa weasel li na le litoeba tse nyane tse kang khaba (ntlo, tšimo le litoeba tsa morung, likhoto), moholi le masaka hammoho le mebutlanyana, likhoho, maeba, mahe le malinyane a linonyana. Ka khaello ea lijo, e ja li-amphibians, litlhapi tse nyane, mangau, linoha tse nyane, likokoanyana le crayfish.
Weasel ke phoofolo e bolotsana ebile e boreleli, e matha ka lebelo, e hloa hantle ebile e sesa. E khetholloa ka sebete le tšollo ea mali, e khona ho khasa ka likhopo le likoti tse tšesaane. Liea li hahelletsoe ka mekolokong ea tsona. Liphoofolo tse nyane li lekane nape ea hlooho kapa hlooho, e loma lehata ka morao hloohong, hangata e hlasela liphoofolo tse kholo ho mo feta, li inama molaleng oa tsona. Ho mahe a linonyana, weasel e etsa masoba a 'maloa ebe e monya se kahare. Hangata ho etsoa libaka tse bolokiloeng (ho tloha ho tse 30 ho isa ho tse 30 likokoana-hloko le litoeba li fumanoa sebakeng se le seng).
E sebetsa ka linako tse fapaneng tsa letsatsi, empa hangata e tsoma mantsiboea le bosiu. E tlolela holimo. E tsamaisa (bakeng sa boholo ba) bophelo ba lefats'e. Ha e potoloha sebaka sa eona sa marang-rang, e lula haufi le lihlahla le sekoaelo se seng. Qoba libaka tse bulehileng. Li-km tsa 1-2 li ka koaheloa ka letsatsi. Mariha, ka lehloa le tebileng, oa itsamaisa.
Ha e cheke maraba, empa e sebelisa mekoti kapa masoba pakeng tsa majoe, masenke a patsi, ho bua leshano le tlase (ho fihlela ho limitara tse 2) tsa matlo, metso ea sefate le lifate tse oeleng, mafika a mafika. Ka lair, e hula joang bo omileng, boriba le makhasi. Sebaka sa marang-rang hangata se hlomella matlo a 'maloa a sa feleng.
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha. Boholo ba morero oa motho ka mong bo nyane - ho fihla ho 10 ha. Mefuta ena e itšetlehileng ka boholo ba liphofu le boemo ba leholimo. Hangata sebaka sa botona se feta sebakeng sa basali. Meeli ea Morero e tšoailoe ke matšoao a monko.
Ka sethepu, nakong ea kemolo, e tona e ka nyala le basali ba bangata. Bakeng sa tlhaho ea ngoana, e tšehali e tiisa sehlaha ka joang bo omeletseng, boriba le makhasi. Haeba sehlaha se khathatsehile, mme o fetisetsa linonyana sebakeng se seng. Sebakeng sa kotsi e fetisisang, weasel e sireletsa sehlaha sa eona ho fihlela qetellong. Li-Broods li lula hammoho likhoeli tse 3-4 'me li arohana ho fihlela lehlabula kapa hoetla.
Ho nyala ho etsahala ka Hlakubele. Kamora ho ima ka libeke tse hlano, e tšehali e tsoala matsatsi a 5 ho isa ho a 7, hangata e le tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8. Mahlo a bulehile ka letsatsi la 21-25 la bophelo. Ha malinyane a qala ho tloha sehlaheng, a ea ho 'm'a' ona hohle, a ea sebakeng se haufi ebe a ea hole le sehlaha sa 'ona. Butle-butle, tlhaho ea ho latela e ea fokola, 'me liphoofolo tse nyenyane li qala ho itsamaela.
(Mustela strigidorsa)
E phatlalalitsoe Asia - ho tloha Nepal ho ea bochabela ho ea Chaena (Yunan Province), Thailand, Laos, Bhutan, Sikkim, India, Vietnam, Assam.
Bolelele ba hlooho le 'mele oa mosali ke hoo e ka bang 28,5 cm, bolelele ba mohatla ke 15.2 cm.
E lula merung e fapaneng e sebakeng se bophahamo ba 1000-2500 m ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.
Weasel e metsero e tšoeu ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse makatsang ka ho fetisisa tse ithutoang hanyane ka hanyane Asia leboea-bochabela. Ho theosa le lilemo tsa thuto ea bona, ke batho ba robeli feela ba oeleng matsohong a bo-ramahlale: ba bararo ba tsoa Sikkim, 'me e mong o tsoa Nepal, Laos, Mynmar, Fenesserim le Thailand. Le ha tlhahisoleseling e tsoang ho baahi ba lehae ka kopano le phoofolo ena e ntse e eketseha butle-butle.
(Mustela felipei)
E tsebahala ka liphoofolo tse 5 tse fumanoang Andes ea Northern Ecuador le libakeng tse phahameng tsa Cordillera ea Central and Western Colombia. E lula merung ea lithaba mabopong a haufi le linoka le linoka tse nang le sebaka se khutsitseng. Tlelaemete ea moo ba lulang teng e ka tlasa maemo.
Bolelele ba 'mele hoo e ka bang cm cm 22. Boima ba lerato le le leng feela la Colombia bo ne bo le 138 g.
Colombian Weasel ke sebatana se jang nama lefatšeng. Ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e mabapi le lijo. Ka letsatsi la komello ena, ho hlokahala ho ja nama e anyesang (liphoofolo tse nyane, linonyana le likokoanyana, mohlomong tlhapi), e ka bang 40% ea boima ba eona.
(Mustela nudipes)
E phatlalalitsoe Thailand, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Hloahloeng ea Malacca, Malaysia, Brunei. Sehlekehlekeng sa Java ha ho na motho. E lula bophahamong ba 400 ho isa ho 1700 m ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa phoofolo ena ke cm 30-36, bolelele ba mohatla ke cm 2426.' Mala o akaretsang oa 'mala o mofubelu, hlooho ea bonahala e bobebe.
(Mustela eversmanni)
The steppe ferret e fumaneha ka bophirima ho tloha Yugoslavia le Czech Republic, le nqa botjhabela ho moru-steppe, litepisi le lithota tsa Russia ho tloha Transbaikalia ho ea Middle Amur, le Asia Bohareng le Bohareng ho isa Bochabela bo Hare le China Bochabela. Lekholong la ho qetela la lilemo, mofuta oa li-steppe ferret o atolohile haholo ho ea bophirima 'me karolo e' ngoe e ka leboea. E qoba meru le libaka tsa bolulo.
Bolelele ba 'mele 52-56 cm, mohatla - ho fihlela 18 cm, boima ba' mele ho fihlela ho 2 kg.
E tsoma li-gopher, li-hamsters, squirrels, litoeba tsa mouse, hangata ho linonyana, linoha le lihoho, lehlabula le bakeng sa li-invertebrates. Mefuta ea matla a lutseng haufi le linoka le matša le eona e ja liphofu tsa metsi.
E phela bophelo ba mantsiboea le mantsiboea, ka linako tse ling o sebetsa motšehare. E hlophisa lihlaha tse sa feleng maralleng a omileng, 'me e lutse mekoti ea litoeba tse ling. Burrows e ipalla feela tlhokahalong e potlakileng mme e e sebelisa joalo ka nakoana. Masimong o hlophisa matlo ka mekotla ea joang bo bolelele, haufi le mafika, lithakong, pakeng tsa metso le ka mekoting ea lifate.
Tsamaela fatše ka tlohang (ho fihlela ho 50-70 cm), ha e sa hloella lifateng. Ho sesa hantle, ho qoela. Pono e ntlafalitsoe hantle. E tloleha habonolo ho tloha bophahamong bo boholo. Nakong ea kotsi, e sirelitsoe ke lekunutu le monko o monate o tsoang litšoelesa tsa anal, li li thunya ho sera. Mariha, hangata ho lelekisa litoeba lehloa.
Nakong ea ho ikatisa, mofuta o mocha oa bophelo ba lelapa o phela o le mong. Meeli ea sebaka se seng le se seng ha e sebetse. Libokeng tsa batho ba bong bo tšoanang, mabifi ha a etsahale. Nakong ea ho tantša, tse tona li loantšana bakeng sa basali, ha ba ntse ba hoelehetsa haholo mme ba loma. Bakeng sa tsoalo ea ngoana, e tšehali e haha sehlahlo ka qubu ea furu kapa ka mekoting ea lifate (ho tloha joang le lintho tse ling tse bobebe). Sehlaha se entsoe ka masiba, tlase le joang bo omeletseng. E tona e nka karolo ho holiseng bana. Haeba matlakala a pele a hlokahala, ka nako e latelang matsatsi a 6-26 mosali o qala ho emara.
Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse ka bang 1,5. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 410 a hlobotseng. Mahlo a bulehile ka matsatsi a 28–39. Ha feela manamane a sa koaeloe ke moriri, ha ho joalo ka basali bao. Lactation e nka likhoeli tse 2,5. Ha a le libeke tse 7-8, malinyane a se a ntse a leka ho ikemela hore a be le litoeba. E tšehali e sireletsa malinyane ka mafolofolo. Malinyane a lula hammoho ho isa ho likhoeli tse 2,5, 'me qetellong ea lehlabula, makhopho a manyane a qhalakana a ntse a batla sebaka sa' ona.
(Mustela nigripes)
E lula libakeng tse ka bochabela le tse ka boroa ho Lithaba tsa Rocky, sebaka sa Great Plains ho tloha Albert le Saskatchewan, ho ea Texas le Arizona (USA).
E ka ba bolelele ba 45 cm, le mohatla o mosesane oa 15 cm, o boima bo fetang 1 kg.
E phela bophelo ba mantsiboea. Ho utloa, ho bona le ho fofonela li thehiloe hantle. Mefuta e itšetlehile haholo ka lintja tsa mehendi. Hoo e ka bang ka nako eohle (ho fihlela 99%) o qeta a le mekotong ea bona. Sebakeng sa likolone tsena, oa phomola 'me o robala, hang-hang o fumana lijo tsa hae, o qoba libatana, boemo ba leholimo bo bobe mme o fepa bana. Tse tona li mafolofolo ho feta tse tšehali. Mariha, mesebetsi ea masiba a maoto a maputsoa e ea fokotseha, joalo ka sebaka sa sebaka se hlahlojoang. Ka matsatsi a batang le a lehloa, e lula e le ka sekoting, e fepa mehloli ea eona.
Ha e le fatše e tsamaea ka lebelo kapa ka lebelo le fokolang (ho fihlela ho 8-11 km / h). Bosiu bo le bong bo ka nyolohela ho 10 km. Tse tona li feta sebaka sa boholo ba basali (hoo e ka bang habeli) ho feta tse tšehali.
Ntle le nako ea ho ikatisa, e phela bophelo bo ikhethileng. Bakeng sa puisano le ba leloko o sebelisa matšoao a monko. Meeli ea sebaka sa eona sa marang-rang ke eona e tšoaeang lekunutu la litsoelesa tsa ductal. Ka lilemo tse ntle, palo ea baahi e tebile ka 'ngoe ea lihekthere tse 50 tsa megale ea ntja. Sebaka sa likhoele tsa batho ba baholo ke (bophara) 1-2 km.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 41-45.E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 3-4 (ka karolelano). Ha malinyane a ntse a hola, e tšehali e a tlohela a le mong sehlaheng motšehare, ebe oa a tsoma. Bacha ba qala ho tsoma ba le bang ka September le Mphalane.
(Mustela putorius)
E ajoa ka nepo hohle Europe Bophirimela, leha tikoloho ea eona e ntse e putlama butle butle. Baahi ba bangata ba lintho tse tebileng li lula Engelane le hoo e batlang e le likarolong tsohle tsa Europe tsa Russia, ntle le North Karelia, leboea-bochabela ho Crimea, Caucasus le Lower Volga. Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, leseli le hlahile mabapi le phalliso ea "Black Ferret" merung ea Finland le Karelia. Hape o lula merung ea Afrika leboea-bophirima.
Ba boima ho tloha ho 1000 g ho isa ho 1710 g, bolelele ba 36-48 cm, le bolelele ba 15-16 cm. Tse tšehali ha li na tlase le halofo e le 'ngoe. Bolelele ba mohatla oa basali ke 8,5-15 cm.
Moru o rata ho lula merung e menyenyane le merung e fapaneng e tsoakaneng le masimo le makhulo (li qoba ho ba le mafura a mangata a taiga). Mofere-fere o bitsoa "sebatli se chesang" sa moru, kaha meru e se e le sebaka sa eona sa ho tsoma. Khafetsa ho bonahala libakeng tsa likhohola tsa linoka tse nyane, esita le haufi le metsi a mang. O khona ho sesa, empa ha a motle joalo ka setho sa hae se haufi, European mink (Mustela lutreola). E boetse e lula lipakeng tsa litoropo.
Lithapo li phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše le ho lula ntlong e itseng. Boholo ba sebaka sa bolulo bo nyane. Matloana a tlhaho a sebelisoa hangata e le matlo a bolulo a sa feleng - qubu ea lifate tse oeleng, masenke a patsi, lithupa tse bolileng, lihlaha. Ka nako e 'ngoe meroalo e lula lipakeng tsa liphokojoe kapa liphooko; metseng le metsaneng e fumana setšabelo malapeng, liphapusing esita le tlas'a marulelo a matlo a ho hlapela a mahaeng. Ha e le moru, ha ho mohla moru o lulang o ipata.
Leha e le boholo bo boholo ha bo bapisoa le baemeli ba bangata ba mofuta oa mofuta ona, "ferrette" ke litla tse tloaelehileng. Nkoe e ntšo e thehiloe maqhubu le litoeba; hlabula e atisa ho ts'oasa lihohoana, menoana, likhoto tsa metsi a manyenyane hammoho le linoha, linonyana tse hlaha, likokoanyana tse kholo (litsie, jj.), E kenella ka har'a masoba le likhohola tse tšehali. Ha a lula haufi le motho a ka hlasela likhoho le mebutlanyana.
Lithapo li tsamaea ka mokhoa o qhekellang e le qubu ea lehong le shoeleng le lipakeng tsa majoe, e le mabifi ebile ka karolo e 'ngoe e sa tšabe le lira, ebile e e feta ka boholo le boima. Moru o tebileng o tsoma, joalo ka molao, lefifing, empa nakong ea mots'eare o ka qobelloa ho tsoa setšabelong feela ka tlala e matla. Lesapo la thipa le shebile ka sekoting kapa le ts'oasa matha.
Peisong ho la morung ho qala ho qala nakong ea selemo, ka Mphalane-Mots'eanong, ka linako tse ling halofo ea bobeli ea Phuptjane. Khoeli e le 'ngoe le halofo ka mor'a ho emolisa, ho hlaha li-4 ho isa ho tse 6 tse tšehali. E tšehali ka boithati e sireletsa malinyane a eona pele ho kotsi efe kapa efe. Li-Ferices tse nyane li na le "mane" e tsoetseng pele e hlophisitsoeng hantle ea moriri - moriri o moputsoa ka nape. Malinyane a lula le 'm'a ho fihlela hoetla,' me ka linako tse ling ho fihlela nakong ea selemo. Liphoofolo li fetoha balekane ba botona le botšehali ha li le lilemo li le ngoe.
(Mellivora capensis)
Mefuta e mengata ea linotši e koahela likarolo tse kholo tsa Afrika le Asia. Afrika, e fumaneha kae kapa kae, ho tloha Morocco le Egepeta ho ea Afrika Boroa. Asia, sebaka sa eona sa bolulo se qala ho tloha Hloahloeng ea Arabia ho ea Asia Bohareng, esita le India le Nepal.
Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla ho 77 cm, eseng ho bala mohatla ka cm cm 25. Boima ba bona bo fapana ho tloha ho 7 ho isa ho 13 kg, ba batona ba boima ho feta basali.
Li-honey badger li lula libakeng tse fapaneng tsa leholimo, ho kenyelletsa le litepisi, meru le libaka tse lithaba ho fihlela ho 3000 metres. Leha ho le joalo, li qoba libaka tse chesang haholo kapa tse mongobo, tse kang lehoatata kapa likhohola tsa pula.
Li mafolofolo haholo mantsiboea kapa bosiu, leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse sa buuoang ke motho kapa nakong ea leholimo le pholileng, li ka bonoa motšehare. Bakeng sa boroko, ba sebelisa mekoti e ikemetseng ho tloha botebong ba mithara ho ea ho e meraro ka lesira le lenyenyane le kentsoeng ka thepa e bobebe. Sebakeng sa mefuta ea tsona, libanana li na le masoba a 'maloa,' me kaha li lula maetong a malelele ka letsatsi, hoo e ka bang ha li robala bosiu sebakeng se le seng bakeng sa masiu a mabeli ka tatellano.Ha ba batla lijo, ba itsamaela fatše, empa ka linako tse ling ba hloella lifateng, haholo ha ba batla ho fihlela mahe a linotsi, e leng se ba fileng lebitso.
Joalo ka mefuta e meng e mengata e tsoang lelapeng la marten, libeche tsa mahe a linotsi li lula li le ling, 'me ka linako tse ling li ka bonoa ka lihlopha tse nyane - e le molao, malapa a manyane kapa lipakete tsa bachelor. Li na le libaka tse batlang li le boholo ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 'maloa. Ba tsebisa beng ka bona ka boteng ba bona ka thuso ea lekunutu le patiloeng ke litšoelesa tse khethehileng tsa anal.
Lipapali tsa linotši li nkuoa li le liphoofolo tse se nang tšabo haholo ebile li le mabifi hoo e batlang e se lira tsa tlhaho. Letlalo la bona le boreleli haholo, ntle le karolo e tšesaane ka mpeng ea bona, le ke ke la phunngoa le meno a makhopho a maholo a jang litlhapi le linoha tse chefo, hammoho le linale tse tšehisang. Lifaele tse matla tsa sefahleho tse nang le menoana e melelele le meno a mabe a linotši ke sebetsa se sebetsang sa tšireletso. Ntle le moo, baa tseba hore, joaloka skunks, ho ntša lephoka la fetid haeba ba hlaseloa. Haeba li ikutloa li le kotsing, li hlasela liphoofolo tseo boholo ba tsona bo fetang ba tsona haholo, ho kenyeletsa likhomo le lilakane.
Likhomo tsa linotši ke liphoofolo tse jang nama. Lijo tsa tsona li kenyelletsa litoeba tse fapaneng, hammoho le bacha ba mefuta e meholo, joalo ka liphokojoe kapa liphokojoe. Ntle le bona, lijo tsa bere ea mahe a linotsi li kenyelletsa linonyana le mahe a tsona, lihahabi, ho kenyelletsa likoena tse nyane le linoha tse chefo, le li-amphibians, lihoete, likokoanyana, makhoaba le mefuta e meng ea limela. Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea li-mustelids, ba jang mahe a linotši ba ja lijo tsa semela hanyane; ho tloha moo ba ja monokotsoai, litholoana, metso le metso.
Ntho ea bohlokoa ke lerato la bona la mahe a linotsi, le ileng la reha lebitso la biri ea mahe a linotsi. Ho lumeloa hohle hore mokokotlo oa mahe a linotsi o phela ka ho tšoauoa phoso le mofuta o monyane oa Afrika oa Woodpecker o bitsoang letšoao le leholo la mahe a linotsi (Pontšo ea pontšo). Tataiso ea mahe a linotsi e tsekisa mokoloto oa mahe a linotši ka lerata le ikhethang ho lihlaha tsa linotši, moo mokolokotoane oa linotši o li tlolang ka manala a tsona, mahe a linotsi, 'me tataiso ea mahe a linotsi e ja makhapetla a linotši. Joalo ka ha sena e le 'nete, ke taba ea khang, ha ho na bopaki ba saense bakeng sa sena.
Ho na le lintlha tse fapa-fapaneng tse mabapi le lilemo tsa boitšisinyo tsa batho ba jang mahe a linotši, mohlomong e ka bang ka lebaka la sekhahla se fetohang sa sele ea lehe, sebopeho sa marten. Ho feta likhoeli tse hlano kapa tse tšeletseng lipakeng tsa ho tlolelana le pelehi, empa ho ima ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho ka etsahala hore ebe ho khuts'oane. Ka har'a litšila tsa lipeo tsa mahe a linotsi ho na le masea a mabeli ho isa ho a mane a qalang libeke tsa bona tsa pele mohahong o harelaneng le limela tse omileng. Liphoofolo tse nyane li lula le bo-'m'a tsona nako e telele, hangata ho feta selemo. Ha ho tsejoe hore na beeke e lebelletseng bophelo ba eona joang ha e le hlaha, ke botlamuoeng ho fihlela lilemo tse 26.
(Lekhetho la lekhetho)
E tsamaisitsoe ho tloha South-Western Canada ho ea Mexico Bohareng.
Bolelele ba 'mele ke 42-74 cm, mohatla o 10-16 cm. Boima bo fihla ho 10-12 lik'hilograma.
E lula libakeng tse omeletseng le tse nang le lehoatata tse koahetsoeng ke lihlahla (makhulo a bulehileng, masimo le makhulo). E fumaneha merung ea lithaba le merung ea subalpine (ho fihla ho 3000 m ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle) le alpine tundra.
Badger ea Amerika hangata e hloba bosiu, empa hangata e bonoa motšehare. O qeta lihora tsa motšehare a le ka sekoting seo a se epang. Ha e cheka mobung o bobebe, beji e sebelisa menoana le menoana ea eona, e leba nthong e 'ngoe, e ipata mobung ebe e nyamela hore e se ke ea bonoa ka metsotso e mengata. Ho hlomisa pente, hangata e lula ka mekoting ea khale ea liphokojoe le makhoaba. E sebelisa marokho a eona bakeng sa merero e fapaneng, e khethollang ho rarahana ha sesebelisoa, botebo le bolelele: bakeng sa phomolo ea motšehare, boroko ba mariha, ho tsoalisa kapa ho boloka mehloli ea polokelo. Likoti tse ling li sebelisoa e le tsa nakoana, li chekiloe haeba ho na le kotsi e sa lebelloang. Ka lehaheng le le leng la badger ke terata e ka bang limilimithara tse 10 e nang le kamore ea ho loula e botebo ba limithara tse ka bang tharo ho tloha lefatšeng.
E fepa ka litoeba le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane: litoeba tsa masimong, li-chipmunks, squirrels, skunks, linoha, mahe le litsuonyana tsa linonyana tse lutseng fatše, likokoanyana le makhoaba a tsona, liboko le setopo. Nkoe e mpe ea Amerika e boetse e tsoma likhalase, tseo nama ea eona e bonolo e hlakileng ho tatso ea eona. Haeba ho tsoma ho bile le katleho, joale ba pata lijo tse setseng ka tlung ea bona hore ba e je hamorao. Haeba phoso e kenngoa sekhutlong, e ka hlasela sera sa eona. Boea bo botona le bo thata, mesifa e matla ea molala e e sireletsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang, ho feta moo, ea loma, e tsikitlanya le ho ntša monko o seng monate ho tsoa litšoeleng tsa anal. Ho tloha moo sekoti se kenella ka sekoting se haufi, 'me, ha se se se fihlile ka sekoting, ho tloha kahare ho lesoba le kenang. Haeba ho se na lesoba le loketseng haufi, phoofolo e qala ho e cheka kapele, e lahlele litšila le lefats'e hantle sefahlehong sa motho ea hlaselang. Hobe ho hloekile haholo, o lula a pata litšila tsa hae, 'me hangata o itlhatsoa hantle, a nyeka seaparo sa hae. Karolong e ka leboea ea libaka le lithabeng e robala boroko ba matsatsi kapa libeke tse 'maloa. Nakong ea boroko, mocheso oa 'mele oa kokobela, mme pulse e theoha ka halofo. Ho kenya ka sekoting nakong ea boroko, hangata beile e koala kahare. Mariha, ka nako e 'ngoe badger e tloha lapeng ha nakoana, empa ha e tsoe hole hole ho tloha 250 m.
Badger ea Amerika ke phoofolo ea naha. Karolo ea monna e pota-potiloe ke likarolo tsa basali ba 'maloa. Li-Badger ha li sireletse meeli ea merero, empa ka matla ba lebela lesoba la bona khaellong ea batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng. Ntle le nako ea ho ikatisa le ho lema bana, e phela bophelo ba boinotšing.
Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 6. E tšehali e tsoala libeche tse 1 ho isa ho tse 5 sehlaheng se hlophisitsoeng ka botebo ka tlas'a sekoti se rarahaneng. Masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa ha a na thuso ebile a foufetse, a apesitsoe ka boea bo sa bonahaleng. Mahlo a buloa bekeng ea bone. Motsoako o nka libeke tse ka bang 6.
(Mangeloele)
E lula hoo e batlang e le Yuropa eohle (ntle le libaka tse ka leboea tsa Hloahloa ea Scandinavia, Finland le karolo ea Europe ea Russia), Caucasus le Transcaucasia, Crimea, Asia Minor le Central Asia, Asia Boroa le Bohareng ba Siberia, ka boroa ho Bochabela bo Holimo, China Bochabela, Hloahloeng ea Korea le Japane.
Bolelele ba 'mele - 60-90 cm, mohatla - 20-24 cm, boima - ho fihlela ho 24 kg, ka hoetla, pele hibernation - ho fihlela ho 34 kg.
E fumaneha haholo merung e tsoakaneng le ea taiga, e sa atisang ho sebelisoa hangata merung ea lithaba; ka boroa ho sebaka e fumaneha ho li-steppes le lefeella. E latela libaka tse omelletseng tse nang le metsi, empa haufi le (ho fihlela ho 1 km) matamo kapa libaka tse tlase tsa mokhoabo, moo phepelo ea lijo e leng enneng.
Nkoe e lula litselaneng tse tebileng tse chekanang matsoapong a lehlabathe le lehlabathe, likhohlo tsa moru le likana. Liphoofolo ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong li latela libaka tseo li li ratang haholo, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ke lithuto tse ikhethang tsa geochronological, literopo tse ling tse mpe li lilemo li likete tse 'maloa. Batho ba masoha ba sebelisa marokho a bonolo, ka monyako o le mong le phaposi ea ho lula. Lithaba tsa khale tsa li-badger ke mohaho o rarahaneng o ka tlas'a lefatše o nang le liluloana tse 'maloa tse fihlang ho 40-50, tse bulehileng le likamore tse bolelele ba 5 (m) le tse bolelele ba likamore tse 2-3 tsa lintja tse harelaneng ka matlakala a 5 cm. Likamore tsa ho fofa hangata li beoa ka ts'ireletso ea sefuba, se thibelang pula le metsi a lefats'e hore a se ke a kenella ho tsona. Nako le nako, likoti li hloekisoa ke lipela, litšila li lahleloa kantle. Khafetsa liphokojoe tsa liphoofolo li lula liphoofolong tse ling: liphokojoe, lintja tsa raccoon.
Badger e phela bophelo ba mantsiboea, leha e ka bonoa hangata motšehare - hoseng ho fihlela 8, ka shoalane - kamora lihora tse 5-6.
Badger ha e na matla. E iphepa ka litoeba-joalo ka likhaba, lihoho, mangau, linonyana le mahe a tsona, likokoanyana le makhapetla a tsona, mollusks, mobung, li-mushroom, monokotsoai, linate le joang. Nakong ea tsoma, badger e tlameha ho potoloha libaka tse kholo, e thellella har'a lifate tse oeleng, e hula makhapetla a lifate le kutu ka ho batla liboko le likokoanyana. Ka nako e 'ngoe badger e fumana lihoho tse 50-70 kapa ho feta, likokoana-hloko tse makholo le likokonyana ha li tsoma ka nako e le' ngoe.Leha ho le joalo, o ja lijo tse 0,5 feela ka letsatsi, mme ke feela ka hoetla a ja haholo mme o fepa mafura, e leng mohloli oa lijo nakong ea ho robala mariha.
Ona ke eena feela moemeli oa 'marten, ea ipatileng mariha. Libakeng tse ka leboea, badger e se ntse e le ka Mphalane - Pulungoana hibernating ho fihlela ka Hlakubele - Mmesa;
Li-badger ke tsa monogamy. Ba theha lipara ka hoetla, empa ho emola le ho etsa manyolo li etsahala ka linako tse fapaneng, mme ka hona nako ea kemaro, e nang le mohato o molelele oa morao, ea fetoha. Boimana ho basali bo ka nka matsatsi a 271 (nakong ea ho hlohlona ha lehlabula) ho fihlela matsatsi a 450 (nakong ea mariha). LiCuba (2-6) li tsoaloa: Europe - ka December - April, naheng ea Russia - ka Hlakubele - Mmesa. Matsatsi a 'maloa hamorao, tse tšehali li emolisoa hape. Malinyane a qala ho bona hantle ka matsatsi a 35-42, 'me a le lilemo li 3 a iphepa a le mong. Ka hoetla, bosiung ba hibernation, malinyane a oa a qhalana.
Basali ba banyenyane ba ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka selemo sa bobeli sa bophelo, banna ba boraro. Nako eo motho a lebelletseng bophelo bo bobe ka eona ke 10-12, a le botlamuoeng - ho fihlela lilemo tse 16.
(Arctonyx collaris)
E tsamaisoa Asia Boroa-bochabela: Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, hoo e ka bang. Sumatra.
Bolelele ba 'mele ho fihlela ho 70 cm, boima ba 7-14 kg.
E lula lithoteng tse nang le meru e mengata, meru ea lithaba le lithaba (teledu e nyolohela ho limilimithara tse 3 500 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle), libaka tsa meru, meru ea tropike (moru) le masimo a temo.
E tsamaea ka tsela ea bophelo ea mantsiboea (empa India e ka bonoa hoseng kapa mantsiboea), e ipata ka sekoting se chekiloeng ke motšehare kapa e ipatile matlong a tlhaho (mekoti tlasa majoe kapa mabota, libetheng tsa noka). Ts'ebetso ea tlhoro naheng ea China ho tloha ka la 3 ho isa ho la bohlano hoseng ho tloha ka la 19 ho isa ho la 21 mantsiboea.
Ha e hlaseloa ke sebatana, e itšireletsa ka liphokojoe tsa eona le meno a eona a matla. Telecud e na le letlalo le boreleli le e sirelletsang hantle menoaneng ea lira. Ho penta ho boetse ho sebetsa e le temoso ea hore ho kotsi 'me ho molemo ho e tlohela u le mong. Joalo ka Kunim tse ling, o na le litšoelesa tse anal tse bolokang lekunutu.
Ho na le bopaki ba hore ho tloha ka Pulungoana ho isa ka Hlakubele (Hlakubele), teledus e oela boroko ba mariha.
Lijo li kenyelletsa: li-Earthworms, li-invertebrates, metso, lijalo tsa motso le litholoana, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane. O fumana lijo ka lebaka la monko oa hae, 'me ka thuso ea melars le incisors ea mohlahare o tlase oe cheka ka ntle le mobu.
Ho ka etsahala hore ebe, o phela bophelo ba boinotšing, hobane hangata li kopanngoa e le 'ngoe ka nako. Ka linako tse ling ho na le tse tšehali tse tsamaeang le bana ba tsona sebakeng sa phula.
Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 10. Teledu e tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 2-5 (karolelano ea 3). Malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa a na le boima ba g 58. Lactation e nka likhoeli tse 4. Boholo ba malinyane a liphoofolo tse kholo a fihla likhoeling tse 7-8.
(Melogale personata)
E tsamaisoa Asia Boroa-bochabela (Nepal, India, Burma, China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Java.).
Bolelele ba 'mele cm 33-44 cm, mohatla cm 1523. Weight - 1-3 kg.
Hanyane hanyane ho tsejoa ka boits'oaro bo bobe. O phela bophelo ba mantsiboea, empa hape a ka fumanoa ka shoalane. Liphoofolo li qeta letsatsi lohle ka sekoting kapa sebakeng se seng sa bolulo. Liraka ka botsona ha li cheke, empa likhopo tse lahliloeng tsa liphoofolo tse ling lia sebelisoa. Sena ke phoofolo ea naha, empa, ha e tsoma likokoanyana le likhopo, e hloella lifateng.
Bakeng sa puisano le beng ka uena le ts'ireletso o sebelisa lekunutu la litšoelesa tse anal. Ha beeke e haola masimong a eona, e tšoaea tsela ea eona hore hamorao e fumane tsela ebe e khutlela ka mokoting. O tšoaea meeli ea morero oa hae ka mabitso a tšoanang, a lemosa hore o se a tšoarehile.
Mapheo, marutle, likokoanyana le lits'oants'o tsa lefats'e li kenyelelitsoe lijong. Ha a le tseleng, e tsoma liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tšehali (likhoto tse nyane) hammoho le lihohoana, litsu, litsuonyana tse nyane le linonyana. E ja carrion, mahe a linonyana le lijo tsa semela (litholoana).
E phela bophelo bo ikhethileng le ba tikoloho ea naha. Karolo e le 'ngoe ea e tona e lula lihekeng tse 99,' me e phethola morero oa basali ba bangata. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 57-80. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 1-3.Lactation e nka libeke tse 2-3.
(Lutra lutra)
E etsahala sebakeng se seholo se koahelang hoo e batlang e le Europe eohle (ntle le Netherlands le Switzerland), Asia (ntle le Hloahloa ea Arabia) le Afrika Leboea. Naheng ea Rashea, e ntse e le sieo Amerika Leboea Feela.
Bolelele ba mmele oa hae ke 55-55 cm, mohatla oa hae o cm 26-55, 'me boima ba hae ke 6-10 kg. Li-paws li bokhutšoanyane, li na le likarolo tsa ho sesa. Mohatla ke oa mesifa, ha o fluffy.
Motho ea otlang o phela bophelo ba metsing bo se nang metsing, a ho sesa ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, ho qoela le ho fumana lijo metsing. E lula haholo linōkeng tsa moru tse nang le litlhapi, hangata e le matšeng le matamong. E etsahala lebopong. E khetha linoka tse nang le likhohola, tse nang le liphula tse se nang serame mariha, tse nang le metsi a metsi a hlatsoitsoeng, a nang le mabopo a koahelang moea, moo ho nang le litsi tsa bolulo tse tšepahalang le libaka tsa ho aha mekoti. Ka linako tse ling e hlophisa seretse sa eona ka mahaha kapa, joalo ka sehlaha, ka mekotla e pela metsi. Likoti tsa lesoba la hae li bulehile ka tlasa metsi.
Mabaka a ho tsoma a otter e le 'ngoe ka lehlabula a na le karolo ea noka ho tloha bolelele ba 2 ho isa ho 18 le bolelele ba limithara tse 100 ho fihla lebopong la leoatle. Mariha, ka ho fokotseha ha metšoasoa ea litlhapi le ho bata ka mohloa, e tlameha ho lelera, ka linako tse ling e tšela ka kotloloho metsi a phahameng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, otter e theoha matsoapong, e thellela ka mpeng ea eona 'me e siea tšobotsi e hlahileng e le sebata. Ka leqhoa le lehloa, e phalla ka letsatsi ho fihlela ho 15-20 km.
Hangata otter e ja litlhapi (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies) hape e khetha litlhapi tse nyane. Mariha, e ja lihoho, hantle kamehla - li-larvae tsa caddis. Lehlabuleng, ntle le litlhapi, e tšoasa mehoo ea metsi le litoeba tse ling, 'me libakeng tse e tsoma khafetsa litsuonyana le matata.
Li-Otter ke liphoofolo tse itšehlang thajana. Mating, ho latela maemo a leholimo a leholimo, e etsahala nakong ea selemo (Hlakubele - Mphalane) kapa hoo e ka bang selemo ho pota (England). Otter molekane ka metsing. Bokhachane - nako ea ho beleha e fihla matsatsi a 270, nako ea kemaro ka bo eona ke matsatsi a 63 feela. Kholofalo hangata e le li-2-5 tsa bana ba foufetseng. Ho tsofala ho ka etsahala ka selemo sa bobeli kapa sa boraro.
(Lutra maculicollis)
E fumaneha matšeng a Victoria le Tanganyika, hammoho le libakeng tse mongobo tse fumanehang ka boroa ho lehoatata la Sahara. Otter e lula haufi le mehloli ea metsi e sa feleng kapa e shoang nakong ea komello. E khetha metsi a khutsitseng le a mafika a nang le mafika, a fumanehang matamong a leoatle, likhohlo, linōkeng hape le linōkeng tsa lithaba libakeng tse phahameng. Ha a kenelle linōkeng tse nang le matša a matla a hona joale a sa tebang a nang le botebo.
Bolelele ba 'mele ho isa ho 57,5 cm, mohatla oa cm 33-44.5 cm. Boholo ba banna ke 4-5 lik'hilograma, tse tšehali ke 3.5-4 kg.
E sebetsa ka nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi. Mosebetsi oa hae o moholo o qala lihora tse 2-3 pele letsatsi le likela kapa ha letsatsi le chaba. O robala ka mokoting oa hae, o lekanang haufi le metsi. Sethoa sa sefahleho se bonojoang ke e 'ngoe ea litlhapi tse nang le bokhoni tsa ho sesa tse nang le metsi a hloekileng. Liphoofolo lia bapala ebile li qeta nako e ngata li bapala le li-otter tse ling, empa li khona ho bapala li le ling. Metsi a sa tebang a rata ho feta metsi a tebileng hobane ho na le liphofu tse ka sehloohong tse ho tsona. Ho tšoasa litlhapi ha ho tsoele pele ho feta 10 m ho tloha lebopong. Manala a bohale ke a bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tšoasa litlhapi tseo a li jang mohatleng, ka linako tse ling li li hula. Ho shebiloe ho bontšitse hore hangata otter e tšoasa litlhapi nakong ea metsotso e 10-20.
Lijo tse tloaelehileng ke litlhapi (li-barbs, li-clariasis, haplochromis, lepa le leholo le leholo, trout le tilapia), lihoho, makhoaba, mollusks, likokoanyana tse metsing le makhoaba a tsona.
O phela bophelo ba boinotšing, ntle le ha e tšehali e na le malinyane. Lihlopha tse joalo tsa malapa (batho ba 3-4) li ka bonoa feela nakong ea kholo ea bana. E tona e na le sebaka se seholo seo ho sona basali ba 'maloa ba ka lulang ho sona. Mong le e mong otter e boloka sebaka se fihlang ho isa ho 3,5 km ea lebopong la leoatle. Ka matla ha ba sireletse sebaka sa bona, ba lumella li-otter tse ling ho tsoma ka har'a eona.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 60-65. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 2-3. Ba banyenyane ba nang le kobo e bonolo ea boea baa hlaha. Ba qala ho sesa ka beke ea borobeli. Lactation e nka libeke tse 12-16.Li-otter tse nyane li bapala haholo, e li thusang ho tseba tsebo ea ho tsoma. Ha ba ntse ba tsofala, batona ba bacha ba lula le ho phela ka tsela e ikemetseng.
(Lutra sumatrana)
E fetiselitsoe Asia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia). Ka nako e telele, mofuta ona o ne o nkuoa o felile ho fihlela, ka 1998, palo ea baahi e fumanoe Thailand.
Bolelele ba 'mele ke 50-82 cm, mohatla ke 35-50 cm.
E lula merung e nang le libaka tse koahetsoeng ka mapolanka, lehlaka le lehlaka, likotopo, lilakane tsa leoatle le mangrove, makhulo a nang le meru e holileng.
Hoo e ka bang ha ho letho le tsejoang ka mokhoa oa bophelo le tlhahiso ea otter ena.
(Lutrogale perspicillata)
E tsamaisoa Iraq, Boroa le Asia Boroa-bochabela, China Boroa.
Bolelele ba 'mele ka hlooho ke 65,5-79 cm, mohatla - 40.6-50.5 cm. Weight - 7-11 kg.
Metsi a ahileng lits'oaneng tse fapaneng - linoka tse kholo le matša, meru e nang le peat, meru ea mangrove haufi le mabopo a leoatle, masimo a raese, libaka tse majoe (haufi le linoka tse kholo). Qoba letsopa le bulehileng le lehlabathe.
Smooth otter ke phoofolo e sa tloaelehang sechabeng. Tse tona le tse tšehali li lula li holisa bacha hammoho. Mohlomong, e tšehali e phahame ho liphoofolo tsohle tse sehlopheng seo.
Sebaka sa lijo sa sehlopha se joalo se lula sebakeng sa 7-12 km 2 'me se kenyelletsa mekoallo e le' ngoe kapa tse 'maloa tse nang le bonyane mochini o le mong ka tlasa boemo ba metsi. Meeli ea libaka e tšoaetsoa ke qubu ea litšila le tšireletso ea mesifa ea litsoelesa tse fumanehang botlaaseng ba mohatla. Li-Otter li sebelisa monko ho khetholla meeli ea sebaka le mokhoa oa puisano: li tšoaea limela, majoe a bataletseng kapa mabopo a sebaka sa bona.
(Pteronura brasiliensis)
E lula merung ea pula ea beisine ea Amazon. Sisteme ea noka, eo ho eona ho fumanoang otter e kholo, e boetse e kenyelletsa linoka tsa Orinoco le La Plata.
Bolelele ba 'mele ho fihla ho limithara tse peli (tseo cm ea tsona e leng 70 cm ke mohatla) le boima ba' mele tse fetang 20 kg.
The otter e kholo e sebetsa motšehare mme ha e lihlong haholo. Ka metsing, e tsoma litlhapi le linonyana tsa metsi, ha e le fatše, ha e nyenyefatse litoeba le mahe a linonyana. Ho tsoma ho hlophisitsoe ka lihlopha, ke hore, litho tsa sehlopha se joalo sa ho tsoma li khanna litlhapi li lebile ho e mong.
Bolulo ke sekoti, monyako o kenang ka tlasa metsi, ho lula ho hlophisitsoe ntloana ea setereke haufinyane. O sheba phofu ea ka metsing a pepeneneng ka mahlo a hae, le litelu tse bonolo tse tlase le metsing a seretse. Ha a le lilemo li 2-3, li-otter tse nyane li tlohela sehlopha sa malapa ho ea batla tšimo ea bona. Nakong ea leeto la bona, ha ba ikopanye le lihlopha tse seng li ntse li thehiloe, ntle le ha ho khonahala ho kenya e mong oa litho tse hlahelletseng. Haeba otter e sitoa ho fumana sebaka sa eona ebe e qala lelapa, e khutlela ho batsoali.
Giant otter ke phoofolo e ratang botsoalle haholo e lulang ka lihlopha tsa malapa (4-8, ka linako tse ling ho fihlela batho ba 20), moo mosali e le oa moqapi - o na le mohato oa ho khetha nako le sebaka bakeng sa ho tsoma le boithabiso. E tona e tona e leleka li-oster tse tsoang sebakeng sa lelapa, 'me litho tsohle tsa lelapa li kenya letsoho ntoeng le ba tlōlang meeli. Liphoofolo tse 'maloa li tsamaea kamehla meeling ea sebaka seo. Sehlopha se na le liphooko tse peli, e le ngoe kapa ho feta batho ba baholo le liphoofolo tse kholo. Hangata palo ea banna le basali e tšoana. Banyalani ba tsoalanang ba ekoa e mong ho e mong: ba robala hammoho ka sekoting se le seng, mme nakong ea tsoma ba lula haufi. Boholo ba morero oa ho tsoma oa lelapa o latela nako ea selemo (12-23 km ho theosa le Leoatle kapa 20 km ho theosa le letša). Meeli ea sebaka sa marang-rang e bonoa ke monko oa litšoelesa tsa anal. Litho tsohle tsa sehlopha li boloka maqhama a haufi-ufi: li hlokomela moriri, lia bapala, li robala le ho tsoma hammoho, hape li hlokomela lesea, li buseletsana ka thipa haufi le sekoti.
Ha ho na nako e khethehileng ea ho ikatisa. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 65-70. E tšehali ka sekoting e tsoala malinyane a 3-5 a boima ba ligrama tse 200. Ha a hlaha, malinyane a sona a se a na le libaka tsa tranelate. Boea bo bosehla, ha bo ntse bo hola bo ea fifala.Bekeng ea bone, mahlo a bulehile, ka likhoeli tse peli ba ithuta ho sesa le ho leka ho ja litlhapi. Lactation e nka likhoeli tse 5.
(Lontra canadensis)
E lula Amerika Leboea ho tloha Alaska le Canada hoo e batlang e le hohle United States, ntle le libaka tse ommeng tsa Texas, Arizona, Nevada le California ka boroa ho ea Mexico.
Bolelele ba 'mele ke 90-120 cm, mohatla cm 32-46 cm. Boima - ho fihlela ho 14 kg.
Hangata e lula kahare ho limilimithara tse makholo mohloli oa metsi, empa ha e inehele maemong a leholimo le a lefatše.
E ja liphoofolo tse metsing, haholo-holo bo-amphibians, litlhapi, li-spiny lobster, crustaceans le li-invertebrates tse ling tsa metsing. Ho na le maemo a litlhaselo tsa linonyana tsa metsi le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane. Haeba ho se na lijo tse ling, li-otter li ja monokotsoai (haholo-holo li-blueberries) le litholoana. Hoo e ka bang 80% ea lijo tsohle tsa otter ea noka e na le lintho tse phelang metsing.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa otter ea noka ea Canada e phela ka metsing. Maoto a kapele a mokhutšoanyane ho feta maoto a ka morao, a lumellang li-otter ho sesa hantle. Ha liphoofolo li sesa butle, li tsamaea ka mela e mene. Nakong ea ho sesa kapa ho qoela ka potlako, otter e tobetsa maoto a eona a makhutšoane 'me e qala ho sebetsa ka maoto le mohatla o tiileng, e baka ho sisinyeha ha maqhubu. E khona ho fetoha ka mokhoa o bohale ka mohatla oa eona oa mesifa, leha maoto le molala li bapala karolo e kholo ho laoleng le ho tsamaiseng mehato. Canter ea Canada e ka qoela ho ea fihla ho 18 m.
Mahlo a otter a tloaetse ho tsoma tlasa metsi. Ka metsing a seretse, ha ponahalo e le mpe, li-otter li tsoma ka lebaka la moustache e khutsitseng e utloang ho sisinyeha ha metsi a hlahisoang ke motho ea ka 'nang a ba hlasela.
Li-Otterne ke lira tse atlehang haholo. Ba tšoasa liphofu tsa bona ka mehlahare ea bona, eseng maoto a bona. Liphoofolo lia bapala, li rata ho thellela silt kapa lehloa, hangata o ka kopana le sehlopha sa libapali tse bapalang.
Boea bo futhumetseng bo boloka 'mele o futhumala ebile o omme, esita le metsing a pholileng a mariha. Phetetso ea metsi e e fa grease e khethehileng. Empa e le hore boea bo boloke thepa ea eona, ho hlokahala tlhokomelo e hlokolosi bakeng sa eona, e leng eo otter e jang nako e itseng. Ha o batla libaka tse ncha tsa bolulo, otter e tsamaea ka linoka kapa melapo ho e-na le ho tsamaea ka maoto. Feela nakong ea selemo, baetsi ba bacha ba bacha ba ipatlela sebaka sa bona, le bona ba tsamaea ka maoto.
E etsahala ka bonngoe kapa ka bobeli, empa ka linako tse ling li-otter li bolokoa ka lihlopha tse nyane. E le molao, lihlopha tse joalo ke lelapa le bopiloeng ke bo-mme le bana ba hae.
Libaka tsa ho tsoma haufi le noka ea noka li kholo 'me hangata li kenyelletsa lik'hilomithara tse' maloa (ka linako tse ling ho fihla ho 40-50 km) lebopong la noka, leo liphoofolo li etelang khafetsa nakong ea ho tsoma. Karolelano ea boholo ba baahi ke otara e le 'ngoe bakeng sa km e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea noka. Tse tona li na le merero e mengata ho feta e tšehali. Li-otter li sebakeng, empa li mamella batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng, 'me ba leka ho qoba sechaba ka seng ho tšoaea meeli ea litša ka monko oa tsona (lekunutu le lokolotsoeng gland botlaaseng ba mohatla, moroto le mantle).
E tšehali e tšehali e kenella ka sekoting har'a limela tse teteaneng haufi le metsi kapa ka sekoting se nang le lintho tse kenang ka tlasa metsi le ka tlas'a metsi. Ho tsoa makaleng a masesaane a joang ka sekoting. E tšehali e na le lipara tse 'ne. E tšehali e khona ho emola kamora matsatsi a 20 kamora ho hlaha ha mocha.
Boimana bo nka likhoeli tse 10-12. Kamora manyolo, mahe a arohana ka nako e itseng, empa a sa ame lerako la popelo, 'me ke likhoeli tse peli feela pele a pepa, a kopana le' mele oa mme oa ho qeta kholo ea bona. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a mabeli a sa boneng a koaheletsoeng ka boea. Mahlo a buleha kamora libeke tse 3-4. Ha a le likhoeli li peli, malinyane a qala ho sesa. Motsoako o nka libeke tse supileng. Ho fihlela a le likhoeli tse 6, e tšehali e hlokomela masea a le mong, ka nako eo ntate o qala ho hlokomela bana. Bacha ba bacha sehlopheng sa lelapa ba ithuta ho sesa, ho qoela le ho tsoma. Ha selemo se se se ikemetse ka botlalo Mme e monyane o tloha ha a se a loketse ho beleha matlakala a latelang. Ke hoo e ka bang halofo feela ea bana ba phetseng lilemo tse 2-3.Tebello ea bophelo ka tlholeho ke lilemo tse 12-15, botlamuoeng ho fihlela lilemo tse 23.
(Lontra felina)
E etsahala sebakeng se futhumetseng le se chesang sa lebopo la Pacific la Amerika Boroa (ho tloha ka leboea ho Peru ho isa ntlheng e ka boroa ea Cape Horn). Baahi ba seng bakae ba phonyohile Argentina lebopong le ka bochabela la Tierra del Fuego. Mofuta ona o ile oa tsebisoa lihlekehlekeng tsa Falkland, moo li tlisitsoeng ke lihoai tsa boea, mona joale li lula ka lihlopha tse nyane. Ho ea leboea, otter ea leoatle ha e tsoele pele ho feta 6 ° S, ka boroa - ha e fetele pele ho feta 53 ° S.
Bolelele ba 'mele - 57.0-78.7 cm, bolelele ba mohatla 30.0-36.2 cm.
Otter ea leoatle, ho fapana le bo-mphato ba eona, e lula feela leoatleng ebile e haufi le eona. E lula sebakeng sa littoral haufi le mabopo a lejoe, moo moea o matla o fokang. Li lula litsing tse patiloeng le libaka tsa likhohlo tsa noka tse tsamaeang le lebopo la phallo ea 2.0-2,5 m, le libanka tse nang le marulelo a lihlahla le lifate tse nyane, a ho fihlela ho fihlela metsi.
Lira tse ka sehloohong ke maruarua a 'molai (whales) Li-otter tse nyane li tsongoa ke lishaka, likotsi tsa leoatle le liphoofolo.
Mofuthu oa leoatle oa hlasimoloha, o iphepa sebakeng se phahameng sa lefatše. Lijo li kenyelletsa makhala (Lithode antarctica), mollusks, lihlapi, linonyana tsa metsi le lintho tse ling tse phelang leoatleng. Ka nako e 'ngoe e kenella ka nokeng ho batla shrimp ea metsi a hloekileng (Criphiops caementarius). Nakong ea ho kotula litholoana, litholoana tsa limela tsa lebopong tse tsoang lelapeng la bromeliad lia jeoa. Mokhoa o ka bang teng oa lijo: tlhapi (30%), li-crustaceans (40%), li-mollusks (20%) le lijo tse ling (10%).
Ho otla ha leoatle ke phoofolo e lihlong le e ipatileng, e etellang pele (haholo-holo) bophelo ba motšehare (ka linako tse ling e ka ba mafolofolo ha shoalane le mafube). Ka metsing, liphoofolo li sebelisa 60-70% ea bophelo ba tsona li tsoma le ho fumana lijo. E phaphama ka metsing, e pepesa hlooho le hlooho e kaholimo feela.
Leoatle otter e tšoasa phofu ea eona e bolelele ba 100-500 ho tloha lebopong, e kenella ka botebo ba 30-50 m, e qoela haufi le mafika le lilibeng tsa mohloa. Dive e ngoe le e ngoe e nka metsotsoana e 15-30. Mofuta ona ha o sebelise majoe joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho petsola likhetla tsa crustacean, joalo ka ha otter ea noka e etsa.
Le ha li-otter tsa leoatleng e le liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, ka linako tse ling li tsamaea ka maoto ho tloha lebopong ho ea ho 30 m mme feela nakong ea ho lelekisa liphofu, li ka nyolohela ho limilimithara tse 500. Ha ba le lefatšeng, li-otter li nyoloha hantle mabopong a leoatle. Liphoofolo li rata ho ikhatholla limela tse teteaneng tse melang lebopong haufi le pheletso ea metsi, hangata ha li hole ho 2-2,5 m ho tloha metsing. Mohloa oa otter ke kotopo le lesoba moo e 'ngoe ea manholes e isang teng mobung ebe e kenella ka mekotleng e teteaneng. Nako eohle ha liphoofolo li lokolohile ho tsongoeng, lia phomola. Libaka tse ntle tsa phomolo li fumaneha merohong e teteaneng. Li-Lairs li sebelisetsoa ho tsoala bana, ho fepa, ho phomola le ho robala. Li-otter tsa leoatleng li rata ho phomola letsatsing, li lula holim'a majoe a ka bang mithara e le ngoe ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Basebelisi ba hlophisa meketjana ea bona le mekoti libakeng tse nang le lijo tse ngata.
Ho otla ha leoatleng ho phela bophelo ba boinotšing. Karolelano ea boholo ba baahi ke li-otter tse 10 cm ka kilometer ea leoatle. Ka linako tse ling li-otter li fumanoa ka lihlopha tsa peli ho isa ho tse tharo, empa ha li sa le eo. Ha e le molao, ba khetha ho lula haufi le 200 m ho e mong. Tsena ha se liphoofolo tsa sebakeng se ikemetseng, ntle le mabifi, li amana le ponahalo ea liphoofolo tse ling tsa mefuta ea tsona setsing. Tse ngata tse tšehali li ka lula sebakeng se le seng, se kenyeletsang libaka tsa ho tsoma, libaka tsa phomolo le marokho. Ka linako tse ling li-otter li tšoaea ka moroto le likhoele tsa mafura le matloana, empa hangata ka kakaretso li its'oarella moo li robetseng teng.
Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 60-70. E tšehali e tsoala malinyane a mabeli (ka linako tse ling a le 4-5). Lactation e nka likhoeli tse 'maloa. Bacha ba lula le batsoali ba bona likhoeli tse 10. Batsoali ba tlisetsa malinyane lijo 'me ba li ruta ho tsoma.
(Lontra longicaudis)
E tsamaisitsoe ho tloha Mexico ho ea Amerika Boroa (Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, leboea ho Argentina).
Bolelele ba 'mele ke cm 50-79, mohatla ke 37,5-57 cm.'Mele oa boima - 5-15 lik'hilograma.
Ho e lulang ho eona matša, linōka, mekhoabong le matangoana a ba habitats a sa tšoaneng riverine sebakeng deciduous le meru lulang se le setala, sabana. Khetha ho phela ka e hloekileng, linōka potlako phallang le melapo. Ho na le ke bopaki ba hore otters Amerika Boroa phelang ka liforo le nosetso ea masimo a raese le 'moba ka Guyana.
(Amblonyx cinereus)
Ajoa Indonesia, South China, South India, Asia le Philippines.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa ka hlooho e 45-61 cm,, bolelele ba mohatla ke 25-35 cm,. The boima ba' mele ke 2.7-5.4 lik'hilograma.
Ho e lulang ho eona e mokhoabo mabalane le mangroves tsa Asia Boroa. Main habitats: melapo e nyenyane, tebang estuaries le masimo a raese, bobeli ka upland le libakeng tse haufi le leoatle. Qoba metsi a tebileng.
E jang makhala, likhofu, lobsters, mefuta itseng ea likhofu, lihohoana le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyenyane tsa metsing.
The clawless Otter qeta nako e eketsehileng ka naha ho feta mefuta e meng ea otters. Joaloka raccoon, o ile a fumana phofu, pawing hammoho le tlase le paws hae, re etse lipatlisiso ka seretse tlase le ho retelehela ba fetang majoe. Paws Otter meokho Prey likoto pele ho romela hore e be molomo oa hae. Otters ke liphoofolo tse anyesang feela, ntle ho litsoene, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa tsa bona "matsoho" joaloka batho. Morue le matla Otter khetla ba hlatsoa lebōpong 'me a rala tsoa letsatsing. Ka mor'a ho leta bakeng sa mefuta itseng ea likhofu ho fokolisa le bula bona, liphoofolo li ja.
otters khutsitseng ke ea sechaba, ea bohlale haholo le bohelehele liphoofolo. Ha ba ne ba u se ke ua robala, ba bapala, sesa kapa rummage ka tlase seretse. mofuta o mong oa ho buisana le otters ke papali. Ha otters ha tsoma le papali, ba bask ka majoe, sunbathing letsatsing, kapa sesa lazily bakeng sa monyaka. Ba haha mekoti haufi metsi le e bo felisang kotopo hore ke chekile ka ka botebo ba ka bang 90 cm, ka tlas'a metsi, 'me hangata le monyako le leng hape ka hodimo metsi. otters Clawless na manala a eona ba fokolang, kahoo ba ile ba ka cheka mekoti feela mobung bonolo haholo, 'me hangata ho feta ba sebelisa mahae a tlhaho kapa tšebeliso mekoting ea liphoofolo tse ling.
Bochabela clawless otters ke liphoofolo tse sechabeng. tšehali nyala sethepu laoloe ba batona. otters a mangata kaha o ile tsa fihla khōlong e feletseng 'meleng, ba lule ba le batsoali ba bona, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa lihlopha tsa 4-12 le esita le ho fihlela ho batho ba 20. Bakeng sa puisano, otters sebelisa molumo le mekhoa ea puisano e monko. Ba sebelisa monko ho fumana hore na meeli ea sebaka seo le ho fana ka boitsebiso bo mabapi le motho eo (bong, boitsebiso, nako pakeng tsa maeto a). Monko oa e mong le e Otter ke ka motho e le menoana ea ka.
Ho na le ho fihlela ho litters tse peli ka selemo. Estrus ka motšehali clawless bochabela Otter nka matsatsi a 3, 'me haeba manyolo ha etsahetse, potoloho ea pheta taba ka ho hape ka mor'a matsatsi a 28. A loketse motšehali bakeng sa ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo ntša ka secretion le monko o musky tloha litsoelesa le odorous (teng botlaaseng ba mohatla). E tona, kaha o tšoaroa monko sena, hang-hang o qala ho e tlhokomelwa fela thata ho hlokomela molekane oa hae, e leng ho akarelletsa ho mo lipapaling le tlang pele ho ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo. Bana ba hōlisitsoeng ke batsoali ka bobeli. E tona tlisa phofu bakeng sa 'mè le bana ba fihlela dintsanyana mocha qala ho tsoma ka lithahasello tsa bona.
Boimana nka matsatsi a 60-64. Ho na le 2-6 malinyane ka matlakala, e leng ba tsoetsoe ba hlobotse 'me li khone ho iketsetsa letho. boima ba 'mele ea bona e 40-50 g,, bolelele bona e ka 14 cm,. Milk ka clawless bochabela Otter ke mafura haholo (ho dikahare mafura ke hoo e ka bang makhetlo a 6 phahame ho feta ka lebese khomo), ho sa tsotellehe sena, masea a hōla butle haholo. Mahlo a bula ka letsatsi 40. Ha libeke tse 9 tsa lilemo, ba ile ba qala ho sesetsa, 'me ka matsatsi a 80 ba ja lijo tsa batho ba baholo.
Ba phela ha lintho tsa tlhaho ke lilemo 12-14, le botlamuoeng - e lebetsoeng le ba dilemo tse 22.
(Aonyx capensis)
Ajoa Afrika ho tloha Senegal ho Ethiopia, e ka boroa bo fihla Afrika Boroa, ka leboea ho Abyssinia. Tloaelehile Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia le Zimbabwe. Tlase atile Angola, Benin, Botswana, Chad, Sierra Leone, Swaziland le Uganda, ka Coast Ivory.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa ka hlooho ke 60-100 cm,, mohatla - 40-71 cm,.Weight e tsoa ho lik'hilograma tse 12 ho tse 15.
Lulang ho eona merung ea tropike, lithoteng tse sabaletseng le seka-mahoatateng. Hangata di theohela tlase pel'a mohloli oa metsi (butle phallang linōka, hammoho e le mabopong a ea matangoana kapa melapo).
E jang makhala, lobsters spiny, mefuta itseng ea likhofu le tsona lihohoana. Haholo ka tlaase ho moo hangata e le ka ho ja yona ho ka 'na ba likolopata, tlhapi, mekholutsoane, waterfowl le haufi-metsi a liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyenyane.
Ka tsela ea bophelo, tsa metsing le haufi-metsi a liphoofolo. The clawless Otter khetha matangoana nyenyane. Ho fetisisa tsa bophelo baahi 'mele metsi a hloekileng, ba bang kaofela ba ae phethang le lebōpo. The clawless Otter lokela noa metsi a hloekileng 'me ka hona, ka lebaka leo, o lula mehloli haufi metsi a hloekileng metsi a mangata.
The Otter e qeta boholo ba bophelo ba lona ka metsi, ho sesa ka holim'a metsi le ho qoela ho tšoasa phofu. Nakong ea tsoma, e leng fumbles Otter le paws lona hammoho tlaase, har'a majoe le seretse. Ha Otter bona phofu, ho dives otlolohileng fatše, phamola eona, 'me a kgutlang ho holim'a metsi. Tšoaroa phofu, ho Otter tenaciously nang paws lona, 'me haeba ho hlokahala thusa ka boeona' me meno a eona.
Ha ja liphofu liphoofolo, e clawless Otter ea e sebelisang forepaws le meno le matla hore a ka silakanya likhetla tsa mefuta itseng ea likhofu. Bakeng sa ho bula ka ho khetheha tsoarellang nwela, ho sebedisa Lejoe e le sesebelisoa se ka. Ka mor'a ho tsoma, ho Otter fihla ka ntle ho metsi, le meqolong e ka joang kapa lehlabathe ho fihlela ho omisa, le hloekisa boea lona 'me hangata rubs khahlanong beha dintho tse sa tšoaneng: lifate, stumps, ledges tsa letsopa, mafika a bataletseng, ka nako eo basks Otter letsatsi.
Matloana a ile a fumanoa haufi le ho hloekisa le libaka phomotse, empa hangata ho feta ke ke, otters clawless African sebelisa libaka tse khethehileng haufi le selao bakeng sa ntloana. Sebaka se tswang "ntloana" ho metsi a ka karolelano 4.2 m. Boholo ba lero (e 85%) tsa Otter le o ile a sala ka e leng sebaka sa limithara 1-7 a tsoa ka metsing le 15% ho fihlela ho 10-15 limithara ho tswa ho metsi. Otter e le hore maphelo a lebōpong la leoatle tsoma bobeli ka leoatleng le ka mekhoabong mabopong ka metsi a hloekileng. Nakong ea komello e, e tlameha ho lelera ho ea batla maemo a loketseng.
Bakeng sa ho phomola motšehare kapa bakeng sa selao sa, e clawless Otter hangata e sebedisa epa cheka ke liphoofolo tse ling, kapa e teng ka moferong o teteaneng limela teng hammoho mabopong noka kapa lihlekehleke. Ka linako tse ling o lokisetsa selao hae tlas'a mafikeng, snags, lifate oele kapa ka tlas'a moru rafting. Mobung lehlabathe, ho Otter ka boeona digs masoba. Ba bang ba epa na menyako 'maloa teng ka hodimo kapa tlase metsi,' me a cheka lithanele fihle ho tloha 1,9 ho 2,9 limithara ka bolelele. The lesoba ke 246-361 limilimithara phahameng le 32-85 limilimithara lohle (ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba lesoba moamoheli). Lipheletsong lesoba ka lehaha le bophara ba cm, 30-40, eo e dula e lined le limela. The Otter na selao tsa lona ha ho na ka ho eketsehileng ho feta 15 (ka tlaase ho moo ba atisa ho 50 limithara) ho tswa ho metsi a hloekileng pond. Boahelani le maphao a ka hare ho kilometer dari e mong oa e mong le e tse ling.
The African clawless Otter, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke phoofolo e ka toka se poteletseng, empa ka nako e tšoanang le liphoofolo tse 'na ka lihlopha tse amanang, le libakeng tse tsoma tsa tseo hangata lepelela. Ba batona phofu ka tšimo ea 17 km SE, tšehali - 14, le hoja ba qeta boholo ba bophelo ba bona ka hara sebaka tsa habo bona, e leng halofo ea boholo ba e tsoma. Otters tsoang malapeng phelang ka motseng, hangata e fula hammoho, 'me hangata mmoho sireletsa meeli ea merero e mebe ea bona ho basele.
Boimana lkbncz hoo e ka bang 63 matsatsi. E tšehali e tsoala 2-5 dintsanyana (ka karolelano - 2-3). Newborn dintsanyana ba foufetseng le TSOALO koahetsoeng ka palo mosi o moputsoa, hampe ntshetswa pele ka seoelo boea. A le lilemo li ka beke le beke, dintsanyana boima ka 260 g, le libeke tse peli khale -. 700-1400 g, dintsanyana di le hōlileng ka ho feletseng ka nako ho tloha matsatsing a 16 ho 30. E tšehali e fepa le dintsanyana lebese: o na le lipara tse peli ya letsoele nipples. khale pakeng 8 le ea 16 libeke tse, clawless Otter dintsanyana ho rua ho ka 330 dikgerama ka seng. ka Week. Ea emisa e motšehali ho fepa lebese ho matsatsi a 45-60 tsa lilemo. Bana ba lula le 'mè oa bona bakeng sa selemo kapa ho feta.
(Enhydra lutris)
A aba ka Serussia Bochabela bo Hōle, ho tloha lebōpong la Alaska le ho tloha lebōpong la California.
Batho ba baholo ba batona boima ho tloha lik'hilograma tse 22 ho 45 le ho e hōle ka bolelele tloha cm, 120 ho tse 150.
Leoatle otters phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ka ekolotsi ea leoatle, ho laola palo ea urchins leoatle. Ho hlahisa mefuta e sa laoloeng ea lintho tsena tse sa bonahaleng ho lebisa tšenyehong ea mohloa, oo, le oona o nang le phello e ke keng ea fetoloa tsamaisong ea lihloliloeng tsa leoatleng.
Leoatle otters phela bophelo hangata letsatsi le letsatsi, ho qeta boholo ba nako ka metsing. Jwale, otters leoatle phelang libakeng tse thata ho ba pakela batho ba, ho etsa mohlala, ka Mednoy Island, a ntse a hlola bosiu ka naha limithara tse 10-15 a tsoa ka metsing, haholo-holo ka boemo ba leholimo ba lipula. Ha leoatle le le thata haholo, hangata liphoofolo tse tsofetseng kapa tse kulang li ea lebopong, kaha li haelloa ke matla a ho mamella leqhubu. Ho phaella moo, tse tšehali tsa otters ka leboea leoatle hangata e tsoala malinyane ho naha: lebōpong la leoatle kapa majoe a mabopong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha metsi a leoatle otters hore phela libakeng leo ho ahiloeng ho ke batho tse kang California otters leoatle, ka seoelo tla ka ntle ho metsi. Mmele oa otter ea leoatle o mo lumella ho robala ka bolokolohi ka metsing a robetse mokokotlong oa hae, kaha matšoafo a phoofolo a phahame haholo mme a khona ho ts'oara moea o lekaneng e le hore phoofolo e khone ho boloka bohloeki habonolo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke tikoloho phelang metsing hore ke ho fetisisa tlhaho le sireletsehileng bakeng sa otters leoatle. Leoatle otters di feta ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa mokhatlo oa ka ho metsi a feta ka naha; ho ke ke ka metsi hore liphoofolo khetha ho ja ntšitsoeng lijo. Ha maemo a leholimo a le phoka, li-otter tsa leoatleng li tloha lebopong bakeng sa lik'hilomithara tse 25, nakong ea lifefo ba rata ho lula metsing a sa tebang.
Leoatle otters ke liphoofolo tse nang le botsoalle haholo, ka bobeli mabapi le mong ho e mong le ho liphoofolo tse pota-potileng, ka ntle bakeng sa ba tse kenyelelitsoe lijo tsa bona. Leoatle otters haholo khobile matšoafo cohabit le litiiso boea, litau leoatle, liqibi, ka linako tse ling ho arolelana libethe tsa bona. Lintoa pakeng tsa liphoofolo tsena li fumaneha seoelo. The khohlano hlaha haholo-holo pakeng tsa ba batona paballo ya naha, empa maemong a mangata ho ke ke la tšoantšetso.
Leoatle otters ka linako tse ling lula u le mong, empa hangata ka lihlopha tse nyenyane ntle lipontšo ea mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe hierarchical. Joale bo-rasaense ba lumela hore lihlopha tse joalo ha li na baeta-pele ba hlalositsoeng ka ho hlaka. Ba bang ba liphoofolo tse linako tse ling e siea lihlopha joalo, ka linako tse ling qalang kena lihlopha, 'me batho ba bang ba kopana le qalang molemo soasoa,' me ha hostilely, e le se etsahala ka mefuta e meng e mengata ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. lihlopha joalo bona, e le busa, ba thehoa segregated le bopilwe batona ka, kapa tse tšehali le 'ngoe, kapa ba batšehali ka malinyane. Ha ho motsamao o hlophisehileng oa lihlopha tse joalo tsa li-otter tsa leoatle o ileng oa fumanoa. Motšehare, sehlopha sa otters leoatle swims sebakeng ka bang 5.5 go km le 2, le batho ba bang ba ka seoelo ho sesa tse fetang 2 km ka letsatsi. Ha ho na ho falla ka linako tse itseng ka ho otters leoatle. Kaha li-otter tsa leoatle tse tšehali li hokahane sebakeng se itseng ho fapana le tse tona tsa naha, lihlopha ha li atisehe liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo ka linako tsohle. Sebopeho sa lihlopha le hlaha ka libaka tse e tšoanang, e loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng boikhathollo, hangata ka moferong fetisisa teteaneng ea sootho dimelametsing. Single otters leoatle motona ka linako tse ling koahela sebaka se bohlokoa haholo.
Li-otter tsa leoatleng li phela bophelo bo mafolofolo, 'me ntle le sena, ba qeta matla a mangata ho boloka mocheso oa' mele (38 ° C), ba qeta nako e ngata metsing. Tabeng ena, otters leoatle lokela ho ja lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ka palo ea 20-25% ea boima ba 'mele. Tekanyo ea metabolism tsa otters leoatle ke makhetlo a 8 phahameng ho feta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang naha ea boholo tšoanang. Kahoo, ba ja li-otter tsa leoatleng hangata le haholo.
The lijo tsa otters leoatle itšetlehile ka tikoloho, empa kamehla e na le haholo-holo ea urchins leoatle, mefuta itseng ea likhofu le makhala. Hangata leoatle otters tsubelle bakeng sa liphofu tsa metsi a sa tebang 'me ho bokella liphofu ho tloha ka tlase ho ka tsela e mosa le ka pokothong ea thehoa ke mene ea letlalo le teng tlasa letšehali pele paw.(Pokello e le 'ngoe e lutse ka tlasa letsoho le letona, empa li-otter tsa leoatle ha li e sebelise, hobane, ho latela lipatlisiso, kaofela li na le letsoho le letona). Kaha lata exemplar 'maloa, otters leoatle ba sebakeng ka mekokotlong ea bona holim' a metsi 'me ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng nka e mong epilwe disampole ho tloha lipokothong tsa bona, tse bulehileng kapa khoa bona,' me joale li ja. Ho tloha nakong e le nako, ka hore, leoatle Otter sheba 360 ° ka metsing e le hore ho hloekisa le ka mpeng ho tloha thonaka makumane a, 'me e ka pokothong ho buuoa sena ha se na letho. Ts'ebetso e joalo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka boea bo hloekile.
The sesebediswa bokahohleng la pampitšana gastrointestinal tsa leoatle Otter dumella mo ho ja mefuta e fapaneng ya lijo tse. Ha e le hantle, ka ho tlala, otters leoatle ka linako tse ling a tlameha ho tsoma linonyana esita le mabopong, 'me ka linako tse ling, ho ea ka litsomi, jang nama ea liphoofolo li oele, haholo-holo arctic liphokojoe. Li-otter tsa leoatleng li noa metsi a leoatle, le ka bongata bo boholo ho feta liphoofolo tse ling tsa leoatle, tseo mohlomong li bakoang ke lijo tsa tsona tse nang le protheine e ngata.
Leoatle otters ha ba na nako e lebisitsoeng ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, ka hona, ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo 'me tsoalo ea malinyane a hlaha ka selemo ho pota. Ba bang ba bo-rasaense ba, leha ho le joalo, hlokomela e le maqhubu a hanyenyane e phahameng ea selemo ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo libakeng tse ling tsa tikoloho.
Li-otter tsa leoatleng la banna li fihlella botsofaling ha li le lilemo li 5-6 (hape li boloka bokhoni ba ho ikatisa ho fihlela qetellong ea bophelo), basali - hangata ka lilemo tse 4, hangata hangata ka lilemo tse 2-3. Leferehong hangata ho etsahala ka otters leoatle playfully haholo le moveably. E tšehali le e motona ho sesa, 'me a tsubelle ho latellana bakeng sa nako e telele ho fihlela ba e tobileng thulaganyou e ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo qala. Ho ikatisa ho etsahala khafetsa ka metsing, empa maemong a fapaneng a libaka, leha ho le joalo, ho tsebahala hore e tona e tšoere e tšehali ka menoana ka nko, mme ho emisa ho khaotsa ka ho loma ho bohloko ho feta. Tabeng ena, ba batšehali ka ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo boiphihlelo na maqeba bath ka nko bona. Bobeli nakong ea lefereho le nakong ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, tse tona e teng ka metsi, sefahleho fatše, ka linako tse ling ho boloka e motšehali tlas'a metsi. Ntlheng ena, maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo ho ka bolaea basali. The "malapa" ea otters leoatle a sethepu, ke hore, e tona ka ebota tšehali 'maloa ka nako e tšoanang. The pobyty motona le e motšehali ho matsatsi a 3-5 'me nakong ena ho sireletsa hae ho tswa ho le baphadisani Leha ho le joalo, likhohlano pakeng tsa ba batona hoo e ka bang mohla fetoha loana, empa ba ikemiselitse ho ba sethaleng sa ho soka ka bonahala.
Boimana ho li-otter tsa leoatleng la basali bo qala ka ho lieha, "peō ea bokhachane e feta ka nako e telele ea likhoeli tse 2-3, ka nako eo e sa hokahane le lebota la popelo (mefuta e ka bang 100 e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e nang le tšobotsi ena, sena se lumella 'mele oa mme hore o khethe nako e ntle ea metabolic bakeng sa nako. bokhachane ka boeona e). Bokhachane ka boeona e nka ka e nngwe likhoeli 6 (likhoeli tse 7-8 ka otters ka leboea leoatle).
Basali ba batšehali ba basali ba bangata ba hlaha mafikeng a lebopong kapa mobung. Ka 99% ea linyeoe, cub le e mong o tsoaloa (the "bere"). Maemong a sa tloaelehang, mafahla a hlaha, empa tlas'a maemo a tlwaelehileng cub le 'ngoe feela e ka pholoha. Likhahla li tsoaloa li le 'mala o sootho ka' mala, li boima ho tloha ho 1.5 kg, li koahetsoe ke lesea tlase. Adoptions la malinyane a ka bojaki ke lintho tse tloaelehileng har'a otters leoatle, kahoo ka bobeli mafahla cub ka pholoha ha e amohetsweng ke e motšehali eo cub shoa.
Newborn otters leoatle bakeng sa likhoeli tse 'maloa ha a khone ho phela ka lithahasello tsa bona' me ba itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka 'mè oa bona. Ba batona ha ba kopanele mesebetsing ea thuto mme ba tlohela basali ka letsatsi kapa a mabeli ka mor'a ho emola. All likhoeli pele ea bophelo ba leoatle Otter, e leng 'mè oa e ntse e tsoela mo mala oa hae, diphepelo, RUTA le combes ka eona, ka linako tse ling feela siea lesea la hae ka majoe kapa ka metsi ha a ntse a dives bakeng sa lijo bakeng sa bohehe. Ka linako tsena, le leoatle nyane Otter peeps ka alamo, emetse 'mè oa ho khutla.Mohlahisi oa leoatle ea sa tsoa tsoaloa a ka ikemela ka metsi a le maemong a phahameng, joalo ka "float", empa a sa khone ho sesa, a iphumanele lijo, 'me ha a tsebe ho e kopanya. Li-otter tsa leoatleng li itšetlehile ka botlalo ho 'm'a tsona ho tloha ho likhoeli tse 5 ho isa ho tse 15 (karolelano ea likhoeli tse 6), lefu la masea le phahame haholo: hoo e ka bang 30% ea malinyane a shoa selemong sa pele sa bophelo.
Nakong ea khoeli ea pele, 'mè e fepa le cub feela ka lebese ea sona, e leng ka tsela e tšoanang ho feta ka ho hlophisoa ho lebese la liphoofolo tse anyesang tse ling metsing ho feta ho lebese la marten tse ling,' me e na le 23% mafura, 13% protheine le feela 1% lactose. Kamora moo, o qala ho fepa ngoana butle-butle ka "lijo tsa batho ba baholo". Butle-butle, mme o ruta lesea mekhoa e mengata ea ho tsoma, ho ja lijo tse "nepahetseng", ho li kopanya le tsebo e 'ngoe.