Likhahla tsa leoatle li ka fumaneha leoatleng lefe kapa lefe ka botebo. Ho na le mefuta e tsejoang e lulang botebong ba limithara tse 10 000. Mefuta e mengata (70%) e lula botebong ba limilimithara tse 200. Li-lilies li ngata haholo libakeng tse futhumetseng tse mafikeng a likorale.

Mmele oa khahla e na le seo ho thoeng ke "senoelo", se tsitsitseng ka tlase. Ho tloha ka senoelo o-ea mahlaseli a nyoloha. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa marang-rang ana ke ho sefa linoko tse nyane ka metsing le ho li fetisetsa molomong o bohareng ba senoelo.

Likhahla tsa leoatle. Setšoantšo sa likhahla tsa leoatle

Bolelele ba methapo bo ka fihla ho m. 1. Ka kakaretso, phoofolo e na le tse hlano, empa ray e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka makala ka matla, ea etsa "maoto" a mangata a mangata.

Ka kakaretso ho na le lihlopha tse peli tse kholo tsa likhahla tsa leoatle - sithabetse le Ha ho tafole. Tse atileng ka ho fetisisa ke mefuta e se nang sekoli e lulang metsing a sa tebang (ho fihlela ho 200 m.) Maoatleng a futhumetseng a tropike. Li khona ho tsamaea, ho tloha botebong, le ho its'oara ka moleng oa metsi, li boloka 'mele ea tsona e thulana le leqhubu la mahlaseli. Mefuta e sithabetseng e phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, empa e fumaneha botebo, ho fihlela ho 10 km. ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.

Likhahla tsa leoatle. Setšoantšo sa likhahla tsa leoatle

Likhahla tsa leoatle li hlahile lefatšeng mona lilemong tse limilione tse 488 tse fetileng. Nakong ea Paleozoic, ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e fetang 5,000 ea likhahla tsa leoatle, tseo boholo ba tsona li ileng tsa timela. Nako eo e ne e le nako ea khauta ea echinoderms tsohle, le likhahla tsa leoatleng ka ho khetheha. Makhoba a linako tseo a lula liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo, 'me mofuta o mong oa majoe a hahiloeng ka majoe a batla a entsoe ka' ona. Ke likhahla feela tse hlahileng Lefatšeng hoo e ka bang limilione tse 250 tse fetileng "li ileng tsa phela" ho fihlela kajeno.

Likhahla tsa leoatle li na le mathata a mangata.

Likhahla tsa leoatle. Setšoantšo sa likhahla tsa leoatle

Likhahla tsa leoatle

Likhahla tsa leoatle
Khahla ea leoatle Ptilometra australis
Sehlopha sa mahlale

• Articulata
  • Squad Comatulida
  • Order Koretocrinida
  • † squad Encrinida
  • Order Hyocrinida
  • Order Isocrinida
  • † Order Millericrinida
• † Camerata
  • † Infraclass Eucamerata
• † Pentacrinoidea
  • † Infraclass Inadunata

Likhahla tsa leoatle, kapa crinoids (lat. Crinoidea), - e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa echinoderms. Mefuta e ka bang 700 e tsejoa lefatšeng, mefuta e 5 ea Russia.

Biology

Ka tlase liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ka sebopeho sa senoelo, bohareng ba eona ho na le molomo,' me whisk e tsoang ho mahlaseli a makala (matsoho) e ea holimo. Ho theosa le "calyx" ea likhahla tsa leoatle tse salletseng, kutu e hokahane ho fihlela makhasi a ma ts'oarehileng, e hola ho fihlela fatše le likarolo tse ling tsa lehlakore (likhoele), ho tse se nang mabitso - ke likhoele tse tsamaeang feela. Lipheletsong tsa cirrus, ho ka ba le li-denticles, kapa "likhopo", tseo lipalesa tse se nang lesapo li khomaretsoeng fatše.

Likhahla tsa leoatleng ke tsona feela 'mele oa "echinoderm" tse bolokileng sebopeho sa' mele oa baholo-holo ba echinoderm: melomo ea bona e shebile holimo, 'me lehlakore la dorsal le sutumetsoa holim' a mobu.

Joalo ka li-echinoderms tsohle, sebopeho sa 'mele oa likhahla tsa leoatle se ka tlas'a moetso oa mahlaseli a mahlano a mahlakore a mahlano. Hand 5, leha ho le joalo, e ka aroloa khafetsa, e fana ka "matsoho a bohata" ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho a 200, a nang le makala a mangata a mahlakoreng (ma-pinnulas) Corolla e sa thekeseleng ea likhahla tsa leoatle e etsa marang-rang bakeng sa ho ts'oasa plankton le detritus. Matsoho a lehlakore la bona le ka hare (ka molomo) a na le li-groove tse tsoang mucn-ciliary tse lebisang molomong, 'me ka mor'a moo likaroloana tsa lijo tse nkiloeng metsing li fetisetsoa molomo. Qetellong ea calyx, sebakeng se phahameng se kopaneng (papille) ke mohono.

Ho na le masapo a kantle, endoskeleton ea matsoho mme kutu e na le likarolo tse boreleli. Makala a tsamaiso ea methapo, ea ambulacral le ea botona a kena kahare ho matsoho le stalk. Ntle le sebopeho sa ka ntle le sebopeho sa mokokotlo oa dorsal-mpa ea 'mele, likhahla tsa leoatle li fapana le echinoderms tse ling ka sistimi e nolofalitsoeng ea ambulacral - ha ho na li-ampoules tse laolang maoto le poleiti ea madrepor.

Phetoho

Likhahla tsa leoatle tsa mesaletsa ea leoatle li tsejoa ho tsoa ho Lower Ordovician. Mohlomong ba tsoa litsoeng tsa khale tsa sebopeho sa sehlopha sa Eocrinoidea. Paleozoic ea Middle East e fihlile tlhōrōng ea eona, ha ho ne ho se ho e-na le mefuta e fetang 5000, empa qetellong ea nako ea tumello, boholo ba bona bo ne bo felile. Subclass Articulata, e kenyeletsang likhahla tsohle tsa sejoale-joale tsa leoatle, e tsejoa ho tsoa ho Triassic.

Masalla a likhahla tsa leoatle ke a mang a liminerale tse tloaelehileng. Mefuta e meng ea majoe a majoe a makhopho a tsoang Paleozoic le Mesozoic a batla a entsoe ka botlalo ka tsona. Likhechana tsa mesaletsa ea makhopho, e tšoanang le likere, li bitsoa mabotho a marang-rang.

Phetoho

Hoa tsebahala hore baahi bana ba maoatleng ba ne ba phela nakong ea Metsi a Pholohileng. Ho latela bo-rasaense, baholo-holo ba bona e ka ba li-echinoderm tsa mofuta oa khale oa sehlopha sa Eocrinoidea.

Nako ea katleho ea bona e kholo e etsahetse Middle Paleozoic, ha ho ne ho e-na le li-subclass tse fetang leshome, tse neng li e-na le mefuta e ka bang likete tse hlano. Ke 'nete, boholo ba bona ba ile ba hlokahala qetellong ea nako ea tumello.

Ha e le Subclass Articulata, eo khahla ea leoatle ea kajeno e leng eona, e kile ea e-ba teng mehleng ea Triassic. Masala a makhopho a ntlafalitsoeng a nkoa e le mesaletsa e atileng haholo, hobane litšiea tse ngata tsa mokoetla tsa mabala a Paleozoic le Mesozoic li batla li na le 'ona.

Sehlopha sa likhahla tsa leoatle se arotsoe ka stalked le stem. Ea pele ho tsona, haholo-holo mefuta e tebileng ea leoatle, e hokahane le sethala ka thuso ea kutu, e bolelele ba eona e ka bang limithara tse peli. Hangata, liphoofolo tsena li hokahana hang le mofuta o itseng oa ntho e ka tlasa metsi kapa mafika. Litsebi tsa thuto ea khale tsa khale li tseba mefuta ea mesaletsa ea khale eo kutu ea eona e holileng ho fihlela ho 20 metres ka bolelele.

Ho fapana le bona, khahla ea leoatle e sa tsitsang ka nako efe kapa efe e ka qala ho sesa ntle le tšenyo ea letho, kaha e arohane le metsi. Mekhoa ea ho tsamaea ea phoofolo ena e its'etleha ka mofuta oa eona: tse ling lia sesa, li tsukutla matsoho joalo ka mafahla, tse ling li khasa ka tlase, 'me tse ling li tsamaea ka maoto.

Habitat le lira tsa tlhaho

Sehlopha sa likhahla tsa leoatle se nkoa se tloaelehile haholo. Baemeli ba bona ba ka fumanoa libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa leoatle le libakeng tse batang tsa Antarctica. Bo-rasaense ba kajeno ba tseba mefuta e fetang makholo a mahlano ea liphoofolo tsena. Ho khahlisang, ponahalo ea bona ha e so fetohe haholo, ba ile ba lula ba tšoana le baholo-holo ba bona, ba phetseng lilemong tse limilione tse 300 tse fetileng.

Lira tse mpe ka ho fetesisa tsa likhahla li nkoa e le mollusks ea lelapa la Melanellidae. Li fofa haufi le likhahla tse bobebe, li hohola likarolo tsa bona tsa masapo ka proboscis le ho ja nama e bonolo. Khafetsa, likhahla li tšoenngoa ke li-crustaceans tse nyane, tse ka lulang har'a cirrus kapa mochini oa ho silila.

Sebopeho sa mmele

Likhahla tsa leoatle kapa li-crinoids ke tsona mefuta e mengata ka ho fetisisa ea li-crinoids. 'Mele oa bona o na le senoelo, se bolokang litho tsa ka hare, lits'oaetso tsa antennae kapa bakoe, tseo ba khokahantsoeng le mefuta eohle ea lintho tse ka tlasa metsi. Ntle le moo, crinoid e ntlafalitsoe hantle lirosa kapa matsoho a mahlano, e etselitsoe ho bokella likaroloana tse ntle. Khapu e na le sebopeho sa radially sebopeho mme e na le mabanta a 2-3 a lipolanete tse kholo le tsa radial. Holim 'a eona e koahetsoe ke mohatla (cap), moo mabatooa a ambulacral a leng teng, pele a fetisetsa ho lirosa ebe o ea lits'abo.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, litho tsa ka hare tsa li-crinoid li teng ka senoelong - ka lehlakoreng le holimo ke ho bula molomo. E lebisa ka kotloloho mohopolong oa tšilo ea lijo, e leng litsu tse le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tse tšoanang le loop. Ka hare ho interradius ke mohopolo oa ho bula. Tsela ea tšilo ea lijo e sebakeng se kahare sa 'mele' me e hokahantsoe le mabota a 'mele ka mesifa ea mesenteric.

Merafo e menngoeng kapa e sa lomosoang e nyolohela holimo ho calyx. Ka bobeli ba etsa moqhaka. Sisteme ea ambulacral ke canal e ka bang selemo le selemo e haufi le tšilo ea lijo. Ho tloha ho eona ho na le likharetene tse 5 tsa radial tse kenang ka har'a mahlaseli, 'me haufi le tsona ho na le maoto a spuly a ambulacral, a sa sebeliseng li-discs le li-ampoules. Maoto ana a ikhethang a etsa mesebetsi ea ho hlapela, ho tšoha le ho phefumoloha.

Skeleton ea likhahla tsa leoatle

Matsoho a liphoofolo tsena a na le masapo a tšetseng hantle a tšehetsang, a nang le likhama tsa vertebrae kapa tsa brachial. Tse feteletseng li hokahane ka ho otloloha le lipolanete tsa radial tse fumanehang mokokotlong oa senoelo. Li-vertebrae tsohle tse marang-rang li hokahane ka mesifa, tse eketsang phokotso e ikhethang ho khahla ea leoatle le ho e lumella hore e tsamaee ka bolokolohi.

Polelo e joalo ea lipolanete tse se nang mabenyane li bonahala haholo ho tloha kantle ho mahlaseli. Ke li-slice tse pharalletseng hantle tse fumanehang lipakeng tsa vertebrae. Leha ho le joalo, khokahano e joalo ha e bonoe hohle - ka linako tse ling lipolanete tsa brachial li potlakisoa ntle le mesifa. Maemong ana, meeli e lipakeng tsa bona e shebahala joalo ka marikhoe a masesaane a arohanang.

Lenonyeletso lena le bitsoa syzygal. E lumella likhahla tsa leoatleng maemong a mahlonoko (mohlala, tlhaselo ea lira, ho eketseha ho matla ha mocheso, ho haella ha oksijene) ntle le boiteko ba ho roba mahlaseli a bona. Bo-rasaense ba entse lithuto tse ling mabapi le boitšoaro ba likhahla tsa leoatle maemong a itseng. Liteko li bonts'itse hore maemong a ka bang 75-90%, liphoofolo li roala mahlaseli a nepahetseng litsing tsa methapo ea kutlo le ka seoelo - manonyeletsong a mesifa.

Autotomy ea tlhaho kapa ho roba matsoho ka likhahla tsa leoatle ke ketsahalo e tloaelehileng. Ho makatsang ke taba ea hore mahlaseli a lahlehileng a khutlisoa kapele. Ka nakoana, letsoho le ntlafalitsoeng la kharenate le ka khetholoha habonolo ka boholo ba lona bo bonyenyane le 'mala o moputsoa.

Mokhoa oa bophelo

Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 80 ea likhahla tsa leoatle-joaloka echinoderm. Lintho tsena tse sa tloaelehang li rata ho phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše. O ka kopana le bona botebong bo fapaneng - ho tloha ho 200 ho isa ho limitara tse fetang 9,000.

Li-crinoids tse se nang lesapo, 'me bonyane tse 540 tsa tsona, li fumanoa hangata metsing a leoatle a libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo. Li khanya ebile li mebala e metle. Hoo e ka bang 65% ea likhahla tse se nang masapo li lula botebong ba limithara tse fetang 200. Joalokaha ho boletsoe kaholimo, libopuoa tsena li khona ho theoha sekhukhu mme li itsamaele eseng tlase feela, empa hape li hlaha, li tsukutla matsoho.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea likhahla tsa leoatle tse lulang botebong ba leoatle li rata ho fepa bosiu. Thapama, ba ipata har'a mafika le tlas'a majoe. Hoo e batlang e le li-crinoids tsohle ke li-filtrator tse hulang lero la metsi le metsi. Joalo ka naleli e nang le linaleli, khahla e ja li-crustaceans tse nyane, li-larvae tsa invertebrate, detritus le protozoa, ka mohlala, li-foraminifers (carcinomas e le 'ngoe) le diatoms.

Ha ho bapisoa le echinoderms tse ling, tsela eo ba fepeloang ka eona e bonahala e le ea khale. Lily e nang le corolla e buloa e bula marang-rang ohle a sebeletsang ho ts'oasa detritus le plankton. Matsohong a ka hare ho na le li-coraary tsa ciliary tse isang molomong. Li na le lisele tsa glandular tse koahelang mucus, tse koahelang likaroloana tse fumanoang metsing ebe li li fetoha likheo tsa lijo. Ka li-grooo, lijo tsohle tse ntšitsoeng ka metsing li kena ka molomo. Palo ea lijo e itšetlehile ka hore na ke mahlaseli a makae le bolelele ba tsona.

Bakeng sa TSOHLE LE HO TSOHLE HO E MONG LE E MONG

Likhahla tsa leoatle ke e 'ngoe ea baemeli ba ntle ka ho fetisisa ba limela tsa leoatleng. Libōpuoa tsena tse khanyang li tšoana le lihlopha tsa likorale tse nang le bophelo bo botle, le ha e le hantle ke libatana ebile ha li rate ho ja plankton le crustaceans tse nyane.

Nako le nako, maoatle a ile a tlala ka bongata ba li-starfish le li-urchins tsa leoatleng - likhahla tsa leoatle.

Libōpuoa tsena li na le mabitso a tsona a lerato bakeng sa ho tšoana ha tsona le lipalesa, empa ha e le hantle likhahla tsa leoatle ha li amane le limela. Likhahla tsa leoatle (kapa Crinoidea) ke sehlopha sa li-echinoderm tse amanang le urchins ea leoatleng le starfish. Joalo ka li-echinoderms tsohle, likhahla tsa leoatleng li na le 'mele oa mabota a mahlano, e nang le semelo se eketsehileng sa limela (hangata liphoofolo li fapana ka tatellano ea linaha tse ling).

Likhahla tsa leoatle li ka fumaneha leoatleng lefe kapa lefe ka botebo. Ho na le mefuta e tsejoang e lulang botebong ba limithara tse 10 000. Mefuta e mengata (70%) e lula botebong ba limilimithara tse 200. Ho na le lipalesa tse ngata haholo tse fumanehang ka har'a mafika a likorale.

Mmele oa khahla e na le seo ho thoeng ke "senoelo", se tsitsitseng ka tlase. Ho tloha ka senoelo o-ea mahlaseli a nyoloha. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa marang-rang ana ke ho sefa linoko tse nyane ka metsing le ho li fetisetsa molomong o bohareng ba senoelo.

Leoatle le tletse ka libōpuoa tse sa tloaelehang tse neng li ke ke tsa ba teng kae kapa kae ntle le leoatleng le tebileng. Likhahla tsa leoatleng (Crinoidea), tse tsejoang ka ho hlaka e le "linaleli tse nang le" kapa "li-crinoids", ha li shebahale feela joaloka lihlahla tse sa tloaelehang tse phelang, empa hape li itsamaela ka metsing ka thuso ea metsamao e metle e tšoanang ea mahlaseli a bona.

Ho hlokahala "matsoho" a malelele a feto-fetohang bakeng sa li-crinoids eseng feela bakeng sa ho sisinyeha: ka thuso ea tsona li-echinoderms li ka tšoasa phofu ea tsona e haelloang. Bolelele ba methapo bo ka fihla ho m. 1. Ka kakaretso, phoofolo e na le tse hlano, empa ray e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka makala ka matla, ea etsa "maoto" a mangata a mangata. E na le makala a mangata a morao (li-pinnulas).

Lilies ke li-filters tse hlatsoang ho emisoa ha limatlafatsi metsing. Ho fetisetsa liphofu molomong, khahla ea leoatle e sebelisa mahlaseli a ikhethileng kahare, ka molomo: e na le li-grooves tsa mucous-ciliary ambulacral, tseo ka tsona metsi a nang le plankton e hapiloeng a kenang ka ho toba molomong.

Ka kakaretso ho na le lihlopha tse peli tse kholo tsa likhahla tsa leoatle - tse kentsoeng le tse sa amaneng. Tse atileng ka ho fetisisa ke mefuta e se nang sekoli e lulang metsing a sa tebang (ho fihlela ho 200 m.) Maoatleng a futhumetseng a tropike. Li khona ho tsamaea, ho tloha botebong, le ho its'oara ka moleng oa metsi, li boloka 'mele ea tsona e thulana le leqhubu la mahlaseli. Mefuta e sithabetseng e phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, empa e fumaneha botebo, ho fihlela ho 10 km. ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.

Likhahla tsa leoatle li hlahile lefatšeng mona lilemong tse limilione tse 488 tse fetileng. Nakong ea Paleozoic, ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e fetang 5,000 ea likhahla tsa leoatle, tseo boholo ba tsona li ileng tsa timela. Nako eo e ne e le nako ea khauta ea echinoderms tsohle, le likhahla tsa leoatleng ka ho khetheha. Makhoba a linako tseo a lula liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo, 'me mofuta o mong oa majoe a hahiloeng ka majoe a batla a entsoe ka' ona. Ke likhahla feela tse hlahileng Lefatšeng hoo e ka bang limilione tse 250 tse fetileng "li ileng tsa phela" ho fihlela kajeno.

Li-dicotyledons, libapali li hlaha li-pinnulas. Nts'etsopele ka semela se thellang (lobar). Leruu, e khomarelang karolo e ka tlase, e fetoha sebopeho se senyane se tšoanang le khahla e moholo. Ka lipalesa tse se nang lesapo, kutu ea shoa ha e hola ho ba motho e moholo.

Likhahla tsa leoatleng ke tsona feela 'mele oa "echinoderm" tse bolokileng sebopeho sa' mele oa baholo-holo ba echinoderm: melomo ea bona e shebile holimo, 'me lehlakore la dorsal le sutumetsoa holim' a mobu.

Ho na le masapo a kantle, endoskeleton ea matsoho mme kutu e na le likarolo tse boreleli. Makala a tsamaiso ea methapo, ea ambulacral le ea botona a kena kahare ho matsoho le stalk. Ntle le sebopeho sa ka ntle le sebopeho sa mokokotlo oa dorsal-mpa ea 'mele, likhahla tsa leoatle li fapana le echinoderms tse ling ka sistimi e nolofalitsoeng ea ambulacral - ha ho na li-ampoules tse laolang maoto le poleiti ea madrepor.

Likhahla tsa leoatle tsa mesaletsa ea leoatle li tsejoa ho tsoa ho Lower Ordovician. Mohlomong ba tsoa litsoeng tsa khale tsa sebopeho sa sehlopha sa Eocrinoidea. Paleozoic ea Middle East e fihlile tlhōrōng ea eona, ha ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e ka tlase ho 11 le mefuta e fetang 5000, empa qetellong ea nako ea Permian, boholo ba bona bo ne bo felile. Subclass Articulata, e kenyeletsang likhahla tsohle tsa sejoale-joale tsa leoatle, e tsejoa ho tsoa ho Triassic.

Masalla a likhahla tsa leoatle ke a mang a liminerale tse tloaelehileng.Mefuta e meng ea majoe a majoe a makhopho a tsoang Paleozoic le Mesozoic a batla a entsoe ka botlalo ka tsona. Likhechana tsa mesaletsa ea makhopho, e tšoanang le likere, li bitsoa mabotho a marang-rang.

Likarolo tsa mesaletsa ea likhahla tsa leoatle - likepe, lisosa le li-disc tse nang le lesoba bohareng, ka linako tse ling li hokahantsoe ka lipilara - esale li hohela tlhokomelo ea batho. Borithane bo ile ba bitsa likarolo tsa "polygonal" tsa linaleli tse bopehileng joaloka linaleli 'me ba etsa likhopolo tse fapaneng mabapi le kamano ea bona le lihloliloeng tsa leholimo. Ha ho buuoa ka bona ka lekhetlo la pele ke oa setsebi sa tlhaho sa Lenyesemane John Ray ka 1673.

Ka 1677, moratuoa oa hae, Robert Plit (1640-1666), o ile a lumela hore lieta tsa liphoofolo tsena li entsoe ka rosary ea St. Cuthbert, Mobishopo oa Lindisfarne. Lebōpong la Northumberland, mesaletsa ena e bitsoa "Rosemary ea St. Cuthbert." Ka linako tse ling likepe tse tšoanang le likere li hlalosoa ka har'a koranta e le "likarolo tsa metjhini e meng" tse entsoeng ke bajaki makholo a limilione a lilemo pele ho monna.

Tlhaloso ea Crinoids

Lipalesa tsa lipalesa tsa likhahla tsa leoatle ke tsa Paleozoic le tšimoloho ea Mesozoic.

Likhahla tsohle tsa leoatle tsa khale ba ne ba lutse. Har'a likhahla tsa sejoale-joale tsa leoatle, mefuta e mengata e na le monyetla oa ho ikarola ka nakoana ho substrate le ho sesa.

Likhahla tsa leoatle li tšoana le lipalesa tseo senoelo sa tsona se pota-potiloeng ke mahlaseli a makala a matla. Ka lehlakoreng la eona le kaholimo ho na le molomo le bora. Ho na le likhahla tsa lipalesa tse se nang majoe le tse se nang thipa. Khale, 'mele o beoa holima thupa e telele e hokeletsoeng sethaleng. Boholo ba likhahla tsa sejoale-joale ha li na kutu, li sesa kapa li khomarela karoloana e nang le antennae e mengata e fetang 100 e lutseng holima thupa ea boroko. Lifateng tsohle tsa leoatle, ho fapana le li-echinoderms tse ling, lehlakore la molomo le lebisitsoe holimo, 'me lehlakoreng la aboriri le lebisoa tlaase mokokotlong.

Ha u lekola senoelo sa likhalase tsa leoatle tse tsoang mokokotlong oa molomo, ho bonolo ho bona hore molumo oa radial o hlahisoa hantle ka har'a mokhatlo oa likhahla tsa leoatle. Ka bohareng ke molomo, moo li-ambulense tse tsoang ho 'mele li eang mesebetsing, kapa "matsohong". Li-grooves li khabisoa ebe li tsoela pele ho "matsohong". Likhahla li na le "matsoho" a mahlano, empa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e patehile sebakeng sa ho tloha calyx. "Liatla" li kopantsoe, li lutse ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli ka li-appendages tse khethehileng - li-pinnulas, hape li na le likarolo. Li-grooo tse ambulacular li atoloha bolelele bohle ba "matsoho" 'me lekala le ho raha. Maoto a mangata a ambuural ntle le likopi tsa ho roba mantle a tsoa lipatlelong tsa ambulacral, a etsa mesebetsi e 'maloa: a phefumoloho, a thapile ebile a sebeletsa molomo. Karolo ea maoto a ambulacral e potolohileng molomo e fetoha litente tse haufi le molomo, tseo hammoho le likhaba tse peli tse qalang li kenyang lijo. Likhahla li fepa ka mokhoa o sa hlatheng: likokoana-hloko tsa planktonic le likaroloana tsa detritus, tse isitsoeng ka hanong ka molomo ka maoto a ambulal le ho otloa ha cilia ea epithelium ea methapo ea ambulacular.

Symmetry ea Radial e robeha feela ka boemo ba anus, bo behiloeng ka mahlakoreng lehlakoreng la molomo mokokotlong o khethehileng oa anal. Hona, ho bonahala e amana le mokhoa oa bophelo o khomaretsoeng le boteng ba stalk mefuteng ea khale ea leoatle.

Nts'etsopele ea likhahla tsa leoatleng, hoa thabisa hore lekhapetla le katamelaneng le bopehileng joaloka libata le likhoele tse tšetseng likhoere-khoere le lula fatše ka mor'a matsatsi a 2-3, le lahleheloa ke cilia, le theha calyx le kutu, e holang ho isa sethaleng. Lipalesa tse se nang selika-likoe le tse se nang lesika li fetela moetlong oa tsona o hokahantsoeng, o senolang sebopeho se seholohali ka likhahla tse ling tsa leoatle tsa Paleozoic tse felileng.

Sebopeho le litlhaloso tsa likhahla tsa leoatle

'Mele oa moahi oa echinoderm o ka tlasa metsi o na le karolo e bohareng ea sebopeho se bopehileng joaloka "senoelo"' me o penta ka mokhoa o pharalletseng ka mokhoa oa "matsoho" o koahetsoeng ke makala a morao-rao.

Likhahla tsa leoatleng mohlomong ke tsona feela mehleng ea kajeno tsa li-echinoderm tse bolokileng sebopeho sa 'mele oa baholo-holo ba tsona: karolo ea molomo e ea holimo,' me lehlakore la phoofolo le khomaretse fatše. Khaba e arohaneng e etsang mosebetsi oa sehokelo e siea calyx ea khahla e sitsoeng. Likhahla tsa lits'ebetso, morusu, ho fapana le bakoa, sepheo sa bona se ts'oana le kutu ea mantlha. Lipheletso tsa moseke li na le li-clove, kapa "likhopo," tseo khahla e ka khomarelang ka thata karolong e ka tlas'a lefatše.

Lily ea Leoatle (Crinoidea).

Joalo ka li-echinoderm tsohle tse nang le sebopeho sa maballo a mahlano a mahlaseli, khahla ea leoatle e na le matsoho a mahlano, empa e ka arohana, e fana ka "matsoho a bohata" a makholo a mabeli ka palo e kholo ea likhaba tse lehlakoreng, tsa etsa "marang-rang" a teteaneng.

Tabernakele e boetse e pota-potiloe ke tente ka ho ba le li-grooves tsa mucous eyelash, tseo ka tsona lintho tse nkeloang lijo li isitsoeng katlolong ea molomo. Karolo ena e bohareng ba "mpa" ea "calyx", 'me anus e haufi.

Leoatle li liphoofolo tse ka tlasa lefatše.

Tšusumetso ea setso

Likarolo tsa mesaletsa ea likhahla tsa leoatle - likepe, lisosa le li-disc tse nang le lesoba bohareng, ka linako tse ling li hokahantsoe ka lipilara - esale li hohela tlhokomelo ea batho. Borithane bo ile ba bitsa likarolo tsa "polygonal" tsa linaleli tse bopehileng joaloka linaleli 'me ba etsa likhopolo tse fapaneng mabapi le kamano ea bona le lihloliloeng tsa leholimo. Ha ho buuoa ka bona ka lekhetlo la pele ke oa setsebi sa tlhaho sa Lenyesemane John Ray ka 1673. Ka 1677, moratuoa oa hae, Robert Plit (1640-1666), o ile a lumela hore lieta tsa liphoofolo tsena li entsoe ka rosary ea St. Cuthbert, Mobishopo oa Lindisfarne. Lebōpong la Northumberland, mesaletsa ena e bitsoa "sebaka sa rosary sa St. Cuthbert." Ka linako tse ling likepe tse tšoanang le likere li hlalosoa ka har'a koranta e le "likarolo tsa metjhini e meng" tse entsoeng ke bajaki makholo a limilione a lilemo pele ho monna.

Thahasello ea likhahla tsa leoatleng bakeng sa batho

Lintho tse epolotsoeng likarolo tsa likhahla tsa leoatle, tse bitsoang li-maseterata, hammoho le linaleli le li-disc tse nang le lesoba bohareng, li hohela tlhokomelo ea batho ka nako e telele haholo. Khokahano ea bokahohle ea likarolo tsa polygonal ka mokhoa oa linaleli le lihloliloeng tsa leholimo e phatlalalitsoe ka lekhetlo la pele ke Borithane. Ho na le maikutlo a hore li-tankit ka mokhoa oa likerese li ne li nkuoa e le "likarolo tsa metjhini e meng" tseo bajaki ba li entseng limilione tse makholo tse fetileng.

Li-Trochites - likarolo tse koetsoeng tse bakoang ke li-crinoids

Moqoqo oa pele o ngotsoeng ka likhahla tsa leoatle ho setsebi sa tlhaho sa Manyesemane John Ray ka 1673. Ka 1677, moratuoa oa hae Robert Plit o ile a etsa tlhahiso ea hore lieta tsa St. Cuthbert, Mobishopo Lindisfarne, li entsoe ka likarolo tsa liphoofolo tsena. Ha re le tseleng, lebopong la Northumberland, mesaletsa ena e bitsoa "Rosemari ea St. Cuthbert."

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