Kereiti: Mammalia (Mamolo)

Subermass: Theria (liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa Viviparous, liphoofolo tsa 'nete)

Moqomo: Placentalia (Placental, Libaka tse Phahameng)

Suborder / Order: Glires (Rodent)

Order / Order: Rodentia (Rodents)

Suborder / Order: Myomorpha (Mouse-like)

Ka bokhabane: Muroidea (Linta)

Lelapa: Cricetidae (Hamster, kapa Hamster)

Subfamily: Cricetinae (Hamsters)

Bong: Mesocricetus (Medium Hamsters)

Sheba: Mesocricetus brandti (Brandt Hamster)

E lula Asia - lithabeng le lithabeng tse ka bophirima tsa bophirimela (Iran bophirima, Turkey), Asia Minor le Transcaucasia. E boetse e fumaneha karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea Ciscaucasia lithoteng tse 'maloa le masabasabeng a Dagestan boroa le bochabela ho noka. Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, joalo-joalo.) Ho Transcaucasus, sebaka se fapaneng sa Brandt's hamster se etsahala nako le nako, likarolo tsa eona tse ikhethileng li tsejoa ho Shirak steppe (Iorsky le Kartalinsky plateaus) hammoho le bohareng le boroa ho Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karazara le tse ling). E ngata ho feta libakeng tse lipalo tse phahameng tsa Caucasus e Nyane, haholo likarolo tsa eona tse bophirima le leboea-bophirima ho Nagorno-Karabakh le liphula tsa Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic le Talysh.

Ka boholo ho fihla ho 15 cm, bolelele ba mohatla ho fihlela 3,9 cm.

Mmala holimo ka 'mala o bosootho bo bosootho bo bosehla, marama a marang-rang a lefifi le letšo le leholo, le kopantsoeng le tsebe e morao-rao, ho tloha ka bosoeu ho isa ho le bobebe, molora-hloohoana, le lesoeu sefubeng lipakeng tsa phatla.

E na le marama a marama.

Li-hamsters tsena ke tsa maqhubu, li tloaetse ho phela maemong a omeletseng, ka hona li sebelisa metsi a fokolang, li mafolofolo bosiu.

Sebaka sa tikoloho haholo, li lokela ho bolokoa e le 'ngoe feela.

Ha ba kopane hantle le motho.

Ka boholo mabokose a Hamt ea Brandt a lokela ho ba bonyane 50x30 cm, ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ho molemo ho sebelisa kharetene e nang le pale e le 'ngoe, ho molemo ho beha poone kapa patsi ea patsi ka tlase, ka sebele u hloka lebili, ntlo, lithupa tsa lehong tse tsoang lifateng tsa litholoana bakeng sa meno a ts'oanang, liminerale tsa matsoai le tsa letsoai. Li-feeders tse peli li molemo - bakeng sa lijo tse omileng le tse metsi, sekotlolo se noang. O ka kenya furu kapa thaole e tšoeu ea pampiri ka tlung.

U ka tlohella hamster e mathe fatše ka bolo e khethehileng ea ho tsamaea.

Bolele ba bophelo lilemo tse 2.

Ka hlaha, hamster ea Brandt e ja peo, limela tse fapaneng tse fumanehang le likokoanyana tse nyane.

Lapeng, motheo oa phepo ea li-hamsters tsena e lokela ho ba motsoako oa lijo-thollo tse phahameng - khetho ea phepelo mabenkeleng a liphoofolo tsa lapeng e ntle haholo. O ka eketsa gammarus e omisitsoeng, likhaba tsa lihoete, liapole, lipere, lettuce, poone, lihoete, meroho ea dandelion, likomkomere ho fepa.

Ho tloaela ho ho ja ho feta tekano.

Nako e khuts'oane ea bophelo.

E phela bophelo ba mantsiboea.

Ha re kopane haholo.

Hangata, li-hamsters li na le bothata ba ho ja ho feta tekano - o tlameha ho latela tekanyo ea phepelo ea phepelo.

Li-ectoparasites - liboseleise - li ka fumanoa - li hlahisoa ka katleho ka thuso ea lerotholi la li-frontline ha li omella.

Bakeng sa ho ikatisa, o hloka ho lema li-hamsters tse 'maloa, tse tšehali tse holileng makhetlo a 2 ka selemo mme li ka lumelloa ho nyalana ha li le bonyane likhoeli tse 4. Nonyane e lula e le lilemo li 12-15 hamsters e foufetseng e holang ka potlako.

Sheba semelo

Joalo ka mefuta e meng ea lelapa la Khomyakov, Brandt hamster e na le likarolo tse ikhethang tsa bophelo, ponahalo, e e lumella hore e khetholloe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. Pele o fumana hamster, o lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore ena ke moemeli ea hloekileng. Ka lebaka lena, ho bohlokoa ho batla litokomane tse itseng ho barekisi ba netefatsang tšimoloho ea phoofolo.

Habitat

Ka tlhaho, masea a mangata a lula Turkey, Israel, Lebanon le Ciscaucasia e bochabela. Libakeng tsena, liphoofolo li haha ​​matlo a tsona lithabeng. Ka bongata, ha li lule hole le lihlahla tsa joang bo botala, makhulo a lithaba le sebaka seo motho a se lemang ke batho. Libakeng tse nang le mongobo o phahameng le o mongobo, liphoofolo ha li bonoe.

Hangata li ka fumanoa moeling oa Transcaucasia le Asia Bophirimela. Mona, litoeba li boetse li rata ho lula haufi le masimo a lijo-thollo a lithabeng. Ke ka lebaka lena, hangata lihoai tse li lemang li hlophisa litlhaselo ka hamster, li li tšoase. Bongata bo ba lekanya le likokonyana tsa temo, le ha ho na le lijo tse lekaneng, bana ha ba tlatlape metšoasong e entsoeng ke batho.

Ponahalo

Liroto, joalo ka batho ba bang ba lelapa la Khomyakov, li na le likarolo tse khethollang mabapi le ponahalo. Tsena li kenyeletsa:

• mmele, o fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 18,
• boteng ba mohatla, lisenthimithara tse 3,
• boima bo fihlella ligrama tse 296
• litsebe tse nyane tse chitja
• 'mala o boputsoa bo bosehla ba' mele o kaholimo, makhasi a 'mala o sootho ka mpeng, boteng ba sebaka se ikhethang se' mala o lipakeng tsa phatla,
• boteng ba li-paws tsa mofuta o mosoeu, o khetholloang ke mehele e se nang moriri.

Joalo ka litoeba tse ling, hamsters e na le mekotla ea marama. Ke ho bona hore mokokotlo o habeli oa 'mala o moputsoa o putsoa, ​​o arola hlooho likarolo tse peli, o fetela ka nqa ea senyepa. Mariha, 'mala oa boea oa fifala, kahoo ho ba thata le ho feta hore linonyana tse jang nama li se ke tsa koaheloa ke lehloa.

Mokhoa oa bophelo

Hamster ea Brandt, joalo ka baemeli ba bang ba lelapa la Khomyakov, o rata ho ba mafolofolo bosiu. Nako ea bophelo ba hae naheng a se na mabaka a mabe a kantle e ka ba lilemo tse peli. Liroto ha li lule ka lihlopha, likolone. Kamora ho nyaloa, ba batona ba tlohela basali, ha ba nke karolo lithutong tsa bana.

Nakong ea mariha, li-hamsters hangata li hibernate. Ka tloaelo ts'ebetso ena e qala hoetla Mphalane - mathoasong a November mme e tšoarella ho fihlela matsatsing a pele a April. Hang ha mocheso oa pele oa selemo o qala ho sebetsa, bana ba tsoha mme ba tsoe. The hibernation ea litoeba e hahiloe ka tsela e latelang: ba robala matsatsi a mahlano ho isa ho a supileng, ebe ba lula ba falimehile matsatsi a 'maloa, ba ntse ba itsamaela ka mekotla ea bona, ba ja phepelo e phehiloeng.

Liphoofolo tsa mink li cheka nako e telele, leha ho le joalo, li na le monyako o le mong le ho tsoa. Ka sekoting ho na le palo e kholo ea makala. Ho tse ling tsa tsona phoofolo e robala, ho tse ling e boloka lijo, ea e hlophisa. Ntle le moo, sekoti se ntse se le teng ka sekoting moo furu e bolokiloeng teng, moo bana ba kenngelloang teng, ba hohloka.

Lijo

Motheo oa lijo tsa rodent o entsoe ka li-tubers tsa limela le lijalo. Hangata ba phathahane ka ho boloka lijo-thollo, linaoa, linaoa le poone. Hangata sena se etsahala ha li-hamsters li lula haufi le masimo a lenngoeng ke batho. Ke karolo ea batho ba mahlahahlaha, ka hona leka ho bokella chelete e ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang mariha. Likhoeling tsa selemo le tsa lehlabula, masea le 'ona a ja likokoanyana, makhoaba a tsona.

Ho tsala

Tse tona li fumana e tšehali, e loketse ho tlolelana le mosali ka monko. Ketsahalong eo, ha ba le tseleng e eang ho eena, ba kopana le bahlolisani, ho tla loaneloa ntoa. Ntle le moo, haeba e tona e kopana le basali ba bang ba bangata tseleng e lebileng sephethong, e loketse ho etsa manyolo, ka sebele o tla etsa mosebetsi oa hae oa "conjugal". Ha e le hantle, nako ea ho ikatisa e qala ka Mphalane ebe e fela ka Mphalane.

Ho ima ha basali ho ka nka matsatsi a 22. Ho na le li-hamsters tse ka bang 20 ka har'a litšila, tse romelloang bohobe ba tsona nakong ea khoeli ea pele ea bophelo. Ke feela ba tsoaloang pele hibernation e qala ho feta le 'm'a bona. Maemong a joalo, lefu la masea ha se ntho e sa tloaelehang, kaha, ha ba hola, ba qala ho loantšana, ba hlolisana bakeng sa lijo le tšimo. Ka nako e le 'ngoe ea ho ikatisa, e tšehali e ka tsoala le ho hola ho tloha ho lithara tse peli ho isa ho tse' ne.

Basali ba nkoa e le bo-'mè ba batle hobane ba hlokomela bana ba bona hantle. Ba batona ba bangata ba bile ba leka ho se tšoare mahlo a li-hamsters tse moimana, kaha li ba mabifi haholo, li ka hlasela sera haeba li sa rate boitšoaro ba hae kapa monko oo a o phatlalatsang. Hamsters a fepa haholo ka makhasi a botala le lebese la matsoele.

Hamster ea Brandt lapeng e hloka tlhokomelo e itseng. Kahoo, likhopo li lokela ho ba kholo. E tlameha ebe ke moahi a le mong ho eona, ho seng joalo o tla tlameha ho loana le moahelani, e ke keng ea baka lefu la hae feela, empa hape a theha maemo a sithabetsang ao ho leng thata ho a mamella ke pente. Cage e lokela ho ba le palo e lekaneng ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa litoeba ho ikoetlisa, hammoho le tlamo ea ho kenya sejoala, sejana sa ho noesa, ntloaneng le ntlo. Ho bohlokoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea masea ho bona hore na nako ea ho hlaha ha mafu a tšoaetsanoang le a hlahala a ka amang hampe bophelo ba masea. Lijo tsa bona ka lapeng e lokela ho ba tse leka-lekaneng, tse tlatsitsoeng ka likarolo tse eketsehileng tsa vithamine. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le e nepahetseng, hamsters ea botlamuoeng e phela lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse 'ne.

Sebopeho le mokhoa oa bophelo

Li-burrows li kopantsoe ka har'a likolone, tse sa thibeleng li-hamsters tsa Brandt ho tloha litakatsong tsa nako e telele ea ho phela: batho ba batona le ba batšehali ba phela ka thoko kantle ho nako ea ho tlolelana. Sehlopheng sa li-hamsters ho lula ho e-na le moetapele, karolo eo hangata e nkeloang ke mosali. Thepa ea Hamster, leha ho na le libaka tse kholo, e behiloe ka holim'a e mong le e mong, ka lebaka leo baahisani ba sieang likoti hantle ke hora, ba leka ho se kopane. Kahoo, ho tloha ho litoeba tse 25-30 tse lulang haufi, ka nako e ts'oanang, ha ho hlahlojoe libaka tse haufi le tse tharo. Tšimo ea hau e tšoauoa ka lekunutu ho tsoa mofuteng o haufi oa lepa.

Burrows cheka ho phahameng, hillocks le litutulu. Ha mobu o sebetsa habonolo haholoanyane, o tebela le ho feta haholoanyane: mobung o bonolo, ho fihlela bolelele ba 10 m le bolelele ba 2 m. Mehala e na le kamore ea ho hlapela, kamore ea ho boloka le ntlo. Ntloana e lula e koaetsoe ke mobu, 'me hamsters e tlameha ho aha e ncha. Hamster ea Brandt e thata ebile e lieha, empa, ha e batla libaka tse loketseng, e khona ho etsa liphetoho tse telele. Ka tšokelo ea kantle, ha a balehe. Ha a leka ho e ntša ka sekoting, hamster e honotha ka mokhoa o sa thabiseng, e tsoa ka sekoaelong ebe e leka ho tšoara mofosi, e mo loma haholo le ka nepo.

Hoa thahasellisa! Lerumo, le ts'oeroeng ka holimo, le bosesa ka bohale, le phahamisa litšiea tsa lona, ​​le tsikitlanya meno, 'me ka potlako le tsukutletsa marapo a eona a ka pele, ho leka ho tšoara sera ka manonyeletso a lona (ho qala kapa ho le hula bakeng sa ho loma).

Mariha, hamsters ea Transcaucasian hibernate, eo nako ea eona e lekantsoeng ke bophahamo ba sebaka seo. Hibernation e qala ka serame sa pele sa motšehare, ke ka lebaka leo ts'ebetso ena e qalileng ho tloha ka Mphalane ho fihlela ka Hlakubele. Hamster ea Brandt e robala nako le nako - e tsoha e qhibiliha nako eohle ea mariha. The hibernation e tsoetse pele joalo ka monyako, mme ka moetlo e oela bofelong ba Hlakubele - Mphalane.

Ke hamsters tse kae tsa Brandt tse lulang

Baemeli ba mefuta ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 2, ba ikatisa makhetlo a 2-3 ka selemo. Tse tšehali tse hlahileng nakong ea selemo li fumana tsoalo ka hoetla, li ba le bana (4 ho isa ho 20 hamsters).

Boitšisinyo bo nka matsatsi a 16- 17, bo fella ka ponahalo ea li-hamsters tse foufetseng, tse sa ba thibeleng ho amohela lijo tse tala hanyane hamorao. Mehlape e menyenyane, e nang le tse tona tse tšehali le e tšehali tse phahameng, e fumana boipuso ka matsatsi a 50 'me e lula hammoho nako e teletsana. Ha motho a le lilemo li 70, sechaba sea qhalakana.

Litorphism

Ho ruruha ho nang le sebopeho sa li-Almond ka har'a perineum, e hlahang ka letsatsi la 35-5, ho tla bua ka thobalano ea hamster ea Transcaucasian. Ke 'nete, ho thata ho li khetholla ho ba batona ba batona, hammoho le ba nang le bothata ba ho ba le "cryptorchidism".

Bohlokoa! Ho etsa thobalano ho bonolo ho tseba ka sebaka sa urethra le anus: ka hara mosali, anus e haufi haholo le botšehali, ha e ntse e le masoba ka bobeli e arotsoe ke sebaka seo moriri o holang ho sona. Haeba ho fumanoa lesoba le le leng, mosali o ka pel'a hau.

Ntle le moo, mpa ea botona e koaetsoe ka boea ka botlalo 'me e khabisitsoe ka mokhubung ka lesela le' mala o mosehla, mme e tšehali ha e na lesela le joalo, empa e na le mela e mmedi ea nipples.

Habitat, sebaka sa bolulo

Hamster ea Transcaucasian, joalo ka lebitso leo e bolela, haholo-holo e lula libakeng tsa lithaba tsa Transcaucasia (Armenia le Georgia Boroa), Dagestan, hammoho le Asia Bophirimela. Lirosa li tloaelehile Ciscaucasia Bochabela, Lebanon, Israel le Turkey.

Bokaholimo ba Brandt Hamster bo akaretsa libaka tse nang le bohato ba maoto le bohato ba lithaba tse bophahamong ba 0,3 km ka holimo ho leoatle. Hammoho le li-steppes (thaba le bohahlauli ba thaba), mosikong o khetha li-biotopes tse kopantsoeng / joang bo botala, ho qoba libaka tse nang le lithota kapa tse metsi haholo. Hangata ho tlala masimo a lijo-thollo. Ka kakaretso, liphoofolo li rata libaka tse bataletseng kapa tse sephara hanyane moo ho nang le mobu o teteaneng.

Pono e mamella bokhoba hantle. Li-hamsters tse nyane li tloaela matsoho habonolo, tse ke keng tsa buuoa ka batho ba baholo. Ea bobeli, hang ha e le kahara likhoho tsa tlhaho, hangata ha e khone ho ngatafala, ka hona bakeng sa ho ikatisa o tla hloka batho ba banyenyane. Kaha e se e tloaetse mong'a eona, hamster ea Transcaucasian e hlola boemo ba tlhaho ba tlhaho ka litoeba tse nyane mme e ntse e phenyekolla ka ntlo e ncha.

Ho tlatsa lisele

Kaha hamster ea Brandt e kholo, o tla hloka likhopo tse sephara (bonyane 40 * 60 cm) ka likhoele tse otlolohileng, nako e pakeng tsa tsona e leng 5-6 mm.

Ho etsa pente e joalo ka ha e phela ka har'a ntloana, e hlometse ka lintlha:

• feeder (e entsoe ka khalase e ntšo kapa ea ceramic),
• ntlo (hangata polasetiki),
• sejana se noang (se-nipple) se nooang,
• wheel wheel solid
• lithanele
• libapalisoa (e ka ba karete ea likarete),
• lejoe la minerale
• ntloaneng ea ntloaneng e nang le filler.

Bohlokoa! Ha u khetha boholo ba ntlo, hopola hore hamster, esita le mekotla e tšetsoeng ka marameng, e ka kena habonolo kahare. Marulelo a ntlo, joalo ka molao, a tlosoa, empa a se ke a fofa a sa tsoa ka lehare.

Ho matha ka lebili / ladder ho pholosa phoofolo hore e se ke ea ikoetlisa 'meleng le ho nona haholo: hamster e matha ho fihlela li-kilometre tse 10 bosiu bo le bong. Mofereisi o behiloe sekhutlong, o tloaetsa litoeba ho ea moo ho tloha bongoaneng. Cage ha e khone ho etsa ntle le sepache - ha e tebela bokhoni ba eona, matlakala a tlase kantle ho terata. Meqathatso ea lehong e behiloe ka tlase.

Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang

Hamster ea Brandt ha e na taba ea mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa mofuta o tloaelehileng tse fumanehang litsing tsohle tsa lapeng. Mafu a atileng haholo:

• mafu a tšoaetsanoang a lesapo la mokokotlo / a liphio - pente e kotsi, e lula e nyoriloe 'me hangata e ntša urineine (ka linako tse ling e na le bohloko le mali),
• botenya - lefu lena le na le litlamorao, kaha li ama mosebetsi oa pelo le methapo. Ho tlositsoe lijo-thollo tse nang le khalori e ngata haholo lijong, ho e-na le meroho, litholoana le meroho,
• sefuba - sesosa ke hypothermia kapa tšoaetso (hangata e tsoa ho motho ea kulang).
• lets'ollo - le hlaha ka lebaka la ho ja meroho haholo kapa phetoho e matla ea ho ja,
• ho sokela - ho hlaha ka lebaka la khaello ea metsi kapa ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse omileng. Ka ho songoa, litoeba lia putlama, 'me tekanyo ea litšila khoebong e fokotsehile,
• ho robeha - hamsters hangata e lematsa maoto le mohatla, ho oela holimo kapa ho sa atlehe ho matha ka lebili. Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li na le palo e lekanyelitsoeng ho tsona, 'me lebese le lijo tse nang le lebese, bohobe bo bonolo le likuku.

Tlhokomelo, bohloeki

Ntloana e kenngoa ka har'a ntloana, empa etsa bonnete ba hore e e hlatsoa ka lehlabathe, e lokelang ho rekoa lebenkeleng la liphoofolo tse fumanehang (hangata ena ke lehlabathe bakeng sa chinchillas). Bate e lokela ho ba polasetiki, ceramic kapa khalase. Li-hamsters tsa Brandt, joalo ka li-hamsters tse ling, ha ho mohla li hlatsuoang (lia bata, lia kula ebile li shoa ke sena). Ho itlhoekisoa ho tsoa lits'ilafatsong tse litšila le tsa kantle ho hlaha ka thuso ea lehlabathe.

Hang ka beke, ho hlokahala hore u hloekise likhopo tsa Hamster u sebelisa lihlahisoa tse bonolo (tse seng chefo), tse kang ho noka sopho ha u hlapa. Ke moetlo ho hlophisa tlhoekiso ea selemo nakong ea likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng.Ho hloekisa hofe kapa hofe ho fella ka ho khutlela mokhoeng oa "sefofane" sa khale sa "khale" - sena sea hlokahala bakeng sa khotso ea phoofolo ea lapeng.

Tlhaloso ea Rodent

Li-hamsters ke litoeba tse nyane tse nang le li-paws tse khutšoane, litsebe tse nyane le li-ponytails tse khutšoane. Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha cm 5 ho isa ho 34 cm, mohatla ka bolelele ho tloha ho 0.7 ho isa ho 10 cm. Tse tšehali li ka feta banna ka boholo. Boea bo botenya, mokokotlo o na le 'mala ho tloha ashen kapa brownish-grey ho' mala o lefifi-ocher. Mpa e fumanoa e le ntšo, e tšoeu kapa e putsoa. Ka morao ho na le khoele e ntšo. Hamsters e boetse e fapana le mefuta e meng ea litoeba lipokothong tsa likhama tse tsoetseng pele.

Litšobotsi tsa Phepo ea Hamster

Li-hamsters ke karolo ea litoeba tse hlasimollang, empa lijo tsa semela ke tsona tse tlang pele lijong tsa bona. Ho feta moo, li-hamsters li iphepa ka likokoanyana le makhoaba a tsona, li-vertebrates tse nyane (litoeba, lihahabi le li-amphibians). Ka hoetla, ba fetohela ho lipeo le li-tubers, hape ba li boloka ka bongata ho tloha ho 0.5 ho isa ho 11-16 kg. Ka linako tse ling li-hamsters tse nang le lijo-thollo le litapole li fihla ho 90 kg. Hamsters hape e tlisa lijo-thollo, lierekisi, raese, nyalothe, mabele, lupine, poone, lensisi, litapole ho li-pantries, li boloka mefuta e fapaneng ea peo. Hamster e ja libaka tsena tsa polokelo mariha, e tsoha ka nakoana ho tloha hibernation, 'me nakong ea selemo ho fihlela ponahalo ea lijo tse ncha.

Hamster e jella lijo ka mekotleng ea eona, moo ho behoang koro e ka bang 46 g. E ka tsamaisa lijo tse ka bang km e le 'ngoe.

Hamster e phatlalalitsoe

Li-Hamsters li ajoa haholo Europe Bohareng le Bochabela, Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, Siberia, Mongolia, China leboea le Korea.

Baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba phela morung-steppe le steppe. Ka boroa, e khetha libaka tse mongobo, mohlala, liphula tsa linoka. E fumaneha lithabeng bophahamong ba limilimithara tse 3600 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, ho isa makhulong a lithaba le meru. E boetse e ntlafatsa libaka tse lenngoeng, tse kang masimo a raese, mabanta a moru, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, lirapa, lirapa tsa meroho, meaho ea bolulo. Mobu o ratoang haholo, o sa fumaneheng habonolo ka lehlabathe le lehlabathe.

Tloaelehileng Hamster (Cricetus cricetus)

Bolelele ba 'mele oa banna ba baholo ke 27 cm cm, mohatla o bolelele ba cm 88, mme boima bo ka ba 700. Mohatla o phethela ho ea qetellong mme o koahetsoe ke boea bo bokhuts'oane, bo bobebe. Litsebe li khuts'oane, li lefifi. Boea bo botenya ebile bo bonolo. Mmala oa khanya, o fapane. Ka morao ke bofubelu bo bokhubelu, bohlooho bo ntšo. Mabala a mabeli a maholo a khanyang a bonahala ka mahlakoreng, a arotsoe ke boea bo botšo. Ho boetse ho na le matheba a khanyang mahlakoreng a hlooho le ka mor'a litsebe. Ho na le mefuta ea litlolo tse ntšo kapa tse ntšo tse nang le matheba a masoeu maotong le molaleng. Ka kakaretso, litlhaloso tse fetang 10 tsa hamster e tloaelehileng li hlalositsoe. Mmala o ba bobebe ho tloha leboea ho ea boroa, boholo ba 'mele bo eketseha ho tloha bophirima ho isa bochabela le ho tloha leboea ho ea boroa.

Mefuta eo e lula sebakeng se haufi le sehlahla le se meru ea Eurasia ho tloha Belgium ho ea Altai le North Xinjiang.

Brandt Hamster kapa Transcaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)

Bolelele ba 'mele cm 15-18 cm, bolelele ba mohatla cm 2-3. Boima ho fihlela ho 300 g. Litsebe li nyane. Ka morao ke 'mala oa lefats'e ka' mala. Tummy e sootho ka bohlooho, e na le letheba le letšo sefubeng. Hlooho ka mahlakoreng e 'mala o bosehla bo bosehla, tlasa ditsebe ho na le matheba a malelele a masoeu, chin e tšoeu. Malaya a soeufetse. Boea bo bonolo, bo boima mohatleng.

Sebaka sa bolulo sa mefuta eo se kenyeletsa Turkey, Israel, Lebanon le Ciscaucasia bochabela. E lula litepising tse matsoapong a lithaba, makhulo a lithaba le libaka tse lemiloeng.

Hamster Radde kapa Hamucaan Hamster (Mesocricetus raddei)

Bolelele ba 'mele ho fihlela 28 cm, bolelele ba mohatla e ka ba cm 1.5. Morao ke o sootho. Bohareng bo botšo kapa bohlooho bo lefifi. Ho na le matheba a khanyang marameng le ka mor'a litsebe.

E tsamaisoa Georgia le Russia, Caucasus Leboea, Seterekeng sa Stavropol le Ciscaucasia, litepising le mabopong a moru.

Newton's Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni)

Bolelele ba 'mele 14 cm cm, bolelele ba mohatla ho fihla ho 2 cm, boima ba 80-150 g. Morao ke o sootho ka bohlooho, mosetare o motšo o feta bohareng ba mokokotlo. Molala le sefuba li sootho ka 'mala o motšo, mpa ke' mala o mosehla.

E etsahala hammoho le Danube, Bulgaria le Romania.

Campster's Hamster (Phodopus campbelli)

Bolelele ba 'mele bolelele ba cm cm, mohatla o mokhuts'oane, ho fihlela bolelele ba 1.5 cm, boima ba 25 g. Moriri o moputsoa o lefifi ka 'mala o sootho, ka morao ho na le mosetare o lefifi, boea ke bohlooho.

Mefuta ea mofuta ona e tloaelehile Mongolia, leboea ho China ho la Russia le Kazakhstan.

Hamster's Hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni)

Bolelele ba 'mele 13-16 cm, mohatla o bolelele ba cm cm 2-3. Litsebe li nyane. Mohatla o sephara, o boreleli, o boreleli. Boea bo bokhutshwane, bo bonolo, bo boreleli. Ka morao ke bosootho bo bosootho kapa bo bosootho bo bofubelu kapa ke lehlabathe. Tummy e tšoeu e nang le moeli o bohale mahlakoreng. Ho na le letheba le 'mala molaleng le sefubeng. Li-paws le mohatla li tšoeu ka tlase.

E lula sebakeng se ka tlase le Trans-Volga e ka boroa ho Trans-Urals, Kazakhstan.

Rat hamster (Tscherskia triton)

Bolelele ba 'mele ho tloha ho 14 ho isa ho 25 cm, le bolelele ba cm cm 8-10. Boima ho tloha ho 92 ho isa ho 241 g. Morao ke o moputsoa o moputsoa, ​​mohatla o sootho ka mmala ka ntlha e mosoeu, maoto a soeufetse.

Sebaka seo sa bolulo se kenyeletsa lebooa-bochabela ho Chaena, ka boroa ho Primorsky Krai, Korea.

Boitšoaro ba Hamster

Metsoalle ke liphoofolo tse hlaha, mefuta e meng e khona ho sesa, ho fumana moea lipokellong tsa marama. Hangata li phela e le 'ngoe ka nako, li mink. Ha li sa le sehla sa ho ikatisa, li-hamsters li itšoara hampe ho beng ka tsona 'me hangata li loana. Mariha, ba oela lefung nako e telele, 'me e ntse e se hibernation ea' nete.

Hamsters e phela bophelo ba mantsiboea. Motšehare ba lula minkong ea bona, e fihlang ho 8 m ka bolelele le 1.5 m ka botebo. E ka ba teng mohlaleng oa menahano. Ka sekoting se sa feleng, ho tloha ho 2-5, ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho fihla ho 10, kamore ea ho lula le matlo le matloana.

Li-hamsters tsa lapeng

Lapeng, li na le li-hamsters tsa Sesyria, Dzungarian, Campbell hamsters le Robor hamsters. Li-hamsters tsa Syria li fapane haholo ka 'mala, sebopeho le mofuta oa seaparo. Banana ba moriri o motelele oa Syria ba ka linako tse ling ka phoso ba bitsoa "Angora".

Ho khetha hamster, ho ele hloko hore li-hamsters tsa Roborovsky li ka phela mehlapeng, mefuta e meng kaofela e lula e le 'ngoe,' me ha e bolokoa, lintoa li hlaha hammoho, hangata tse lebisang lefung la ba fokolang ba hamsters. Ka ts'ebetso e kopanetsoeng ea li-hamsters tsa bong bo fapaneng, mosali o tsoala hangata haholo, e leng ho lematsang bophelo ba hae le ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba hae. Mosali oa moimana o khona ho bolaea kapa ho lematsa e motona, ho sireletsa malinyane a hae.

Boholo ba likhomo tsa hamsters e lokela ho ba bonyane cm cm 50 ka cm. Lebili le nang le phallo (bophara ba 14-18 cm) le tlameha ho kenngoa koung. Ho ja lapeng ha ho tšoane le ho ja ka tlhaho. Motheo oa lijo ke limela tsa poone le tse tala.

Bakeng sa mating, para e khethoa ho e motona le e motona ea likhoeli tse 4 ho tloha ho likhoeli tse 9. Li kopanngoa sebakeng se sa nke lehlakore kapa kahara likhohlopong tsa banna nakong ea estrus ea basali, e bang teng ka lihora tse 'maloa ka matsatsi a mane. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 17 ho isa ho a 20. Ha a le libeke tse 4, kholo e nyane e aroloa ho mosali, e arotsoe ke bong.

Lintlha tse khahlang mabapi le litoeba:

• "Hamster" e tsoa molemong oa khale oa Slavic, eo ka boeona e alimiloeng ho Iranian ea Khale, moo "hamaēstar" e fetoleloang e le "sera se akhelang fatše." Mohlomong sena se bontša hore hamster e koba kutu ea semolao fatše 'me ka hona e ntša peo.
• Hamster ea Syria le Newton li kenyelelitsoe ho International Red Book.
• Likokoana-hloko li baka tšenyo ho temo, kaha li ja li-legam le lijalo. Ntle le moo, ke bakuli ba likokoana-hloko tsa mafu a mangata a tšoaetsanoang, ke ka lebaka leo litaba tsa bona li thibetsoeng Vietnam. Litefiso tse phahameng haholo tsa tlolo ke dong limilione tse 30 tse lekanang le moputso oa selemo le selemo oa moahi oa naha ena. Empa hamsters le eona e rua molemo. Mohlala, matlalo a mefuta e meng ea hamsters a kotuloa. Hamsters e boetse e sebelisoa e le liphoofolo le liphoofolo tsa lapeng.

Mefuta ea hamsters

Sesyria hamster. Phoofolo ena e na le setopo sa lisentimetara tse leshome le metso e meraro se nang le maoto a makhutšoane, litsebe tse chitja, sefahleho se chitja, mahlo - "lieta" le mohatla o monyane o ke keng oa bonoa tlasa moriri oa eona o motenya. Mpa ea litoeba e bobebe, 'me mokokotlo oa eona o o-grey kapa o sootho ka bohlooho. Maoto a ka morao a hamster a na le menoana e mehlano, 'me maotong a ka pele ho na le menoana e mene le morusu oa monoana oa bohlano. Ka tlholeho, pente ena e lula minks e sa tebang, mme e bonts'a tšebetso ea eona bosiu. Hamster e sebelisa lipokotho tsa marama ho tsamaisa thepa ea ho haha ​​le ho haha ​​lijo. Mmala o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa rodent o nkoa e le oa khauta, 'mala oa tlhaho oa tlhaho. Nako ea bophelo ea hamster ea Syria ka lapeng e batla e le lilemo tse tharo.

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea lijo tsa Hamster ea Syria botlamuoeng ke lijo tsa lijo-thollo, ho ekelletsa moo ho khothalletsoa ho fana ka li-crunchy tse ntle tse sa mo tlisetseng monate feela, empa hape li tlisa molemo o moholo, li ntse li tsikinyetsa litšusumetso tsa hae tse ntseng li hola ka mehla.

Bakeng sa ho boloka hamster ea Syria ka lapeng, khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ke khese e lekanyang 40 cm x 60 cm, e lokelang ho ba le:
Liter, e ka sebelisoang ka sawdust e hatelletsoeng ea likaroloana tsa boholo bo bohareng, e monya hantle mongobo le monko o nkang hantle. Ho thibetsoe ka thata ho sebelisa joalo ka liphahlo - boea ba k'hothone, napkin, likhopo le likoranta.
sejelo ka bophara ba lisenthimithara tse tharo ho isa ho tse leshome, e lokelang ho khethoa ho nahanela boholo ba litoeba.

Ha ho tsoaloa li-hamsters tsa Siria, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore mosali ha a lokela ho ba ka tlase ho likhoeli tse 'ne, mme e tona e lokela ho ba le likhoeli tse tharo. Ho ima ha hamster ho nka matsatsi a leshome le metso e robeli, 'me palo ea ba banyenyane ka matlung a le mong e tsoa ho batho ba bane ho isa ho ba leshome le metso e mehlano ba feputsoeng lebese la matsoele matsatsi a mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli. Pele ho pepa, ho kgothaletswa ho hlakola likhoele ka botlalo, mme bakeng sa ho pepisoa sebelisa khalase e nang le ntlo e le 'ngoe e lekanyang 40 cm x 25 cm. Ho thibetsoe ho otla, ho ama le ho ama lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa, hobane mosali, ha a nkha monko o tsoang ka ntle, o ka ja bana ba hae. Nakong ea kemolo, hammoho le matsoele, ho hlokahala hore ka thoko 'me ka tekanyo e nyane kenyelletsa lijo tsa protheine lijong tsa basali, joalo ka chisi e se nang mafura, khoho ea lehe le phehiloeng le nama ea khoho e phehiloeng.

Dzungarian hamster. Ena ke phoofolo e ratoang e nyane e nang le bolelele ba cm 5, e boima ho fihlela ligrama tse 45. Mofuta ona oa litoeba o na le maoto a koahetsoeng ke moriri, mohala o lefifi ka morao le mohatla o mokhuts'oane haholo, oo hangata o batlang o sa bonahale, haholoholo ha phoofolo e lutse. Boea bo khetholloa ke meqathatso e tšoeu e tšoeu. Ba tsamaisoa ka holim'a libaka tse ommeng le tse nang le lehoatata ka boroa ho Siberia Bophirima, Kazakhstan Bochabela, Khakassia.

Li-hamsters tsa Dzungarian li phutholohile bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea ntlo, empa li hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi. Ha li bapisoa le tsona, li-hamsters tsa Syria ha li inehele haholoanyane. Mohlala, likhopo bakeng sa hamster ea Dzungarian e lokela ho ba ngata haholo, kaha liphoofolo li tsamaeang haholo. Hape, hamster ea Dzungarian e hloka lejoe la tjhoko bakeng sa ho tsikitlanya meno. Ha u fepa li-hamsters tsa Dzhungar, li lokela ho tsotelloa esale pele ka lefu la tsoekere, ka hona lijo tse nang le li-monosaccharides tse fumanoang merohong, litholoana le mahe a linotsi ha lia lokela ho kenyelletsoa lijong.

Ha ho kgothaletswe ho boloka li-hamster tse fetang e le 'ngoe tsa mofuta ona ka sejaneng e le' ngoe, hobane litoeba tsena li na le sebaka se le seng mme sebakeng se kentsoeng se mabifi ho e mong. Ha li lula hammoho, li-hamsters tsa Jungar li lula li le maemong a khatello ea maikutlo a sa feleng, 'me ka ntoa li ka lematsa e mong le e mong, ho fihlela ho bolaoa

Li-hamsters tse tsoang lapeng li lula li fapana le tse hlaha ka 'mala. Empa li-hamsters tsohle tsa Jungar li na le marikhoe a masesaane a lefifi mokokotlong oa bona. Mefuta e latelang ea mebala e khetholloa:
standard (brownish grey, white white),
safire (bokhubelu, botšo bo bosoeu),
liperela (tse bosoeu bo bosoeu ka libaka tse putsoa),
tangerine (tranelate e khubelu).

Sebakeng sa tlhaho, likokoanyana tsa Dzungarian li ikatisa ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Loetse, ha li le botlamuoeng li tsoala selemo ho pota. Litter e ka ba le li-1 ho isa ho tsa 9. Khoeli kamora ho hlaha, ba lokela hore ebe ba se ba arotsoe ebile ba arotsoe ke bong. Ho kena bohlankaneng ho etsahala ho tloha libekeng tse 'ne, empa ho lumeloa hore bokhachane bo joalo ba pelehi bo ka ba kotsi ho mosali. Ho khothalletsoa ho qala ho tlolelana ho tloha ho likhoeli tse 4. Nako ea kemaro ea mosali oa hamster ena ke matsatsi a 18-22. baimana le ba anyang basali ba lokela ho theha maemo a khutsitseng, joalo ka ha khatello ea maikutlo e tšehali e ka bolaea le ho ja bana ba hae. Hape, e tšehali e ka ba mabifi ho e tona. E tšehali e itokisitse hape bakeng sa manyolo nakong ea lihora tse 24 kamora ho beleha, ka hona e tona e hloka ho jalisoa hanghang ..

Hamster Roborovsky Ha se ha lefeela ha bitsoang hamster e nyane e bitsoang, kaha ena ke e nyane ka ho fetisisa ho lihape tsa bona tse ruuoang lapeng. O na le mohatla o mokhuts'oane o batlang o sa hlahe boea. Hamster e nyane e na le lerata le tsoang ka nko le litsebe tse kholo tse chitja, tse ntšo ka 'mala o mosoeu. Ho na le matheba a manyane a masoeu kaholimo ho mahlo. Ka morao ho hamster ea Roborovsky e koahetsoe ka boea bo bosehla bo bosehla, mpa le mabala a na le boea bo bosoeu bo hlakileng, likhahla tsa li-paws li theotsoe haholo.

Li-hamsters tse futhumetseng li lula lithoteng tsa lehlabathe tse koahetsoeng ke caragana. Litoeba tsena li iphepa haholo-holo ka peo ea li-beets, liserekisi, hodgepodge, sedges, lijo-thollo, li-tulips, empa likokoanyana le li-invertebrates tse ling li bapala karolo ea bobeli lijong tsa bona. Li-hamsters tsena li sebetsa haholo shoalane le bosiu. Mehala e sa tebang eo ba e chekang lehlabatheng e na le mekato e mehlano ea 1-2 le phaposi ea ho ahela. Nako ea ho ikatisa e atolosoa mme e qala mathoasong a Mots'eanong, ebe e fela bofelong ba Mphalane. Nakong ea selemo, e mong le e mong oa basali o tlisa lithara tse 3-4 ka litsoe tse 3-9 ka ngoe. Liphoofolo tse nyane tse tsoang matlong a pele li qala ho ba le bana qetellong ea lehlabula selemong sa pele sa bophelo.

Ho etsa maemo a bophelo le ho hlokomela li-hamsters tse nyane ho bonolo. Mme ho molemo ho li boloka ka mokotleng o monyane oa tšepe, ka tlase moo ho tšeloang lehlabathe le bophara ba cm 2-3. Ho behiloe le majoe a 'maloa mona, hammoho le furu, moss, makala a manyane le a masesaane. Lebokose le lenyenyane bakeng sa sehlaha, leo ho lona liphoofolo li phomolang le ho fepa malinyane a tsona, le hona ke tlamo. Lehlabathe le lokela ho fetoloa hore e be litšila.

Ho fepa li-hamsters tsa Roborovsky, joalo ka mefuta e meng ea hamsters, o hloka lijo tse fapaneng. Lijo li lokela ho kenyelletsa lipeo tsa limela tse hlaha le tse lenngoeng, joalo ka nyalothe, soneblomo, meroho le litholoana, meroho - makhasi a dandelion kapa lettuce. Ntle le moo, oatmeal, bohobe bo tšoeu bo koahetsoeng ka lebese li lokela ho fanoa. Ka linako tse ling hamsters e lokela ho feptjoa ka liboko tsa phofo. Nakong ea ho tlolella le ho holisa, liphoofolo tse nyane li lokela ho fuoa liprotheine tse ngata, tse hlokahalang bakeng sa kholo e tsoetseng pele le kholo ea bana.

Ho ikatisa li-hamsters tse nyane, o hloka ho boloka para e le 'ngoe feela mokotleng. Ha ua tšoanela ho ba le e tona le e tšehali tse peli, hobane ka karolelano ena basali ha ba kopane. Kholo e kholo ho mosali e monyane e hlaha pejana, ha a le libeke tse 2-3, ka karolelano ea matsatsi a 19. Le ha ho ba le ho fetoha ha mmele hamorao, ha li-hamsters li qala ho ikatisa ka likhoeli tse 3 feela. Mohlomong sena ke litholoana tsa maemo a fapaneng botlamuoeng.

Nako ea kemaro ke matsatsi a 19-22. Bana ba hola kapele, boea bo hlaha bofelong ba beke ea pele mme ha a le lilemo li 10 o se a sirelelitse liphoofolo ka sefuba, empa mahlo a tsona a bulehile matsatsi a 13 feela. Ha ba le libeke tse 3, ba ikemela ebile ba ka arohana le batsoali ba bona. E tšehali ka nako ena e itokisetsa ho fumanela nesting se secha, 'me haeba u sa jale peō e tsofetseng, joale ba tsoela pele ho anya mme mme, ho ba matla le ho feta, ba leleka ba banyenyane. Ka lebaka leo, liphoofolo tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li salla morao nts'etsong hape li ka ba tsa shoa ke khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Brandt Hamster kapa hamster ea Transcaucasian. Khoele e nyane ea lelapa la hamster. Lebitso la mefuta e fanoa ho tlotla setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo sa Lejeremane, Johann Brandt. Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha cm 15 ho isa ho 18. Mme mohatla o tsoa ho 2 ho isa ho 3 cm.Bolelele ba leoto ke 16-26 mm. Bophahamo ba tsebe 10 - 24 mm. Boima ba phoofolo ena bo tsoa ho 42 - 296 g. Phoofolo e na le litsebe tse nyane tse chitja. 'Mala oa tlhaho oa kobo ea' mele o kaholimo ke oa lefatše. Mpa e sootho ka bohlooho, sefubeng pakeng tsa liphatla ho lula ho na le leqhubu le letšo le fetang mahetla. Hamster ena e na le hlooho e khubelu e mosehla ka mahlakoreng, e na le matšoele a bosoeu bo botšo ka tlas'a litsebe, chin e tšoeu. Maoto a masoeu a nang le masoba a se nang letho. Boea bohle bo boreleli ebile bo bonolo, 'me mohatleng feela ke bona bo boholo.

Hamster ea Caucasus e atile haholo Turkey, Isiraele, Lebanon, hammoho le Ciscaucasia Bochabela. E boetse e lula libakeng tse lithaba tsa Transcaucasia le Asia Bophirimela. E ajoa ka boroa ho lithaba tsa Talysh le leboea-bophirima ho Iran, ka leboea, Dagestan, e fumanoe ka boroa le ka bochabela ho noka. Sulak. Caucasus, sebaka sa eona se pharalletseng bochabela ho libaka tsa Arsian le tsa Likh, libakeng tsohle tse lithabeng tsa Georgia le Armenia tse ka bochabela. E hlaha bophahamong ba ho tloha ho 300 ho isa ho 3000 m ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. m. Haholo a lula lithabeng. E lula libakeng tsa sehlahla sa mohloa se makhasi a letsoapong la lithaba, makhulo a lithaba le linaha tse lemiloeng ke batho. Qoba libaka tse mongobo le tse mongobo.

Hangata e phela bophelo ba mantsiboea. Ka tlhaho ke mohono. Ka tlhaho, tebello ea bophelo e ka ba lilemo tse peli. Hibernates bakeng sa mariha ho elella bofelong ba Mphalane - pele ho Mphalane, 'me e tsoha ka Hlakubele ka Mphalane. Nako ea hibernation hangata ha e fete likhoeli tse 5,6, empa e ka lula ho fihla ho 10 Ka nako ea ho ipata, o robala ho tloha matsatsing a mabeli ho isa ho a 7, ka mor'a moo a tsoha mme o lula a falimehile ho fihlela matsatsi a 2, ho tloaelehile hore karolo ea boroko e tšoarelle matsatsi a 30.

Meqathatso ea Brandt's hamster e na le 'nete ea mapheo a maholo, palo e fokolang ea linoha tse emang ho eona e tloha ho eona,' me ke e le 'ngoe feela e lebisang holimo. Hangata, monyako o sekama o koaheloa ke lefatše. Sehlaha sa phoofolo ena se chekoa ka botebo ba limilimithara tse peli bakeng sa mariha, hamster e bokella mehloli ea lijo-thollo tse makatsang ka sekoting. E fepa ka likarolo tse tala, lipeo le li-tubers tsa limela tse fapaneng, le lijalo.

Lefu la Hamster

Hypothermia (batang). Hamsters e ka tšoara sefuba kapa ea fumana feberu e tsoang ho batho. Ka hona, haeba u na le sefuba, fokotsa puisano le phoofolo ea lapeng, ho fihlela u fola ka botlalo. Hangata, liphoofolo li ts'oasa ho koala ka har'a mekotla e behiloeng haufi le lifensetere kapa ba sa rera. Metsoalle e batang e fumana nko e tsoang, e qala ho thinyeha. Maemong a tebileng haholo, ho tsoa mahlo, ho otsela, ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho hana lijo le metsi ho ka hlaha.

Haeba hamster e bonts'a matšoao a ho thimola le ho choachoasela, empa a ntse a le mafolofolo, a tsoela pele ho ja le ho noa, o lokela ho bolokoa sebakeng se futhumetseng, hole le sesole. Kenya litšila tse eketsehileng khorong. Hangata maemong a joalo, nko e boreleli e nyamela ka mor'a matsatsi a 'maloa. Haeba pholiso e sa hlahe kapa boemo ba phoofolo bo mpefala, etela ngaka ya bongaka, kamoo ho ka hlokoang meriana e thibelang mafu. Haeba hamster ea hau e bontša matšoao a sefuba se tebileng, joalo ka ho tsoa leihlo, ho otsela, ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho hana ho ja kapa ho ja, ikopanye le ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo hang hang. Ho lieha ho phekoloa ho ka baka mathata, a kang bronchitis kapa pneumonia. Liphoofolo tse kulang li fuoa metsi a futhumetseng, ao ho eketsoang lebese le mahe a linotsi.

Ho Nona Haholo. Haeba Hamster ea hau e sa sebetse ebile e nonne haholo, ho ka etsahala hore o motenya haholo. Leha ho bonahala eka ha e na kotsi, botenya ke lefu le mpe haholo. Le ha ho bonahala eka ho uena Hamster ea hau e se e hlaphohetsoe hanyane mme e se e le ponahalo e ntle le e shebahalang hantle, ho molemo ho letsa alamo esale pele e le hore u se ke oa ikoahlaela hore ebe u hlokomolohile bophelo bo botle ba phoofolo ea lapeng.

Litholoana tsa sena li ka ba kotsi ho hamster, hobane sebakeng sa pele pelo e na le botenya. 'Me sena se ka lebisa, haeba e se ho tšoaroa ha pelo, joale ho molemo ka ho fetisisa ho koaloa ha methapo le bophelo bo botle ba hamster ea hau nakong e tlang.

E le hore hamster e fokotse boima ba 'mele, mo fe ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e hlokahalang e le hore a qale ho phela bophelo ba boiketlo. Ho feta moo, botenya bo ka thibeloa. Ho etsa sena, se ke oa thelleha 'me hang-hang u reke phoofolo ea hau e nyane lebili le neng le khona ho ikoetlisa letsatsi le leng le le leng. Mantsiboea, hamster e sebetsa ka ho khetheha. Ka hona, ka nako ena a ka lumelloa ho matha ho pota sofa. Etsa bonnete ba hore ha a oele kae kapa kae, ha a sa balehe.

Ka karolelano, hamster e se e le motho e moholo e ja e ka ba litapole tse peli ka letsatsi ka mochini oa lijo. Ho eena, ena ke tekanyetso e tloaelehileng, e lekane hore a se ke a ikutloa a lapile mme a khona ho ts'oara le letsatsi le hlahlamang. Ka hona, haeba hamster ea hau e ja ho feta tekanyo, joale u lokela ho mo fa matlatse a mabeli a behiloeng ho eena ka letsatsi, empa ha a sa hlola a feta.

Hopola hore hamster ke phoofolo e phelang ka tlhaho e behiloeng ho eona ka tlhaho. Ha li le naheng, kaofela li ntse li matha lehoatateng ho batla lijo. Hang ha ba e fumana, kapele-pele ba e tlatsa ka marama a marama, e le hore hamorao ba ka ba le thepa. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho netefatsa hore hamster e ja haholo kamoo e hlokang, empa ha e sa le joalo. Joale o tla lula a phetse hantle 'me a se ke a ba motenya haholo.

Mokhoa o motle oa hamster e monono ke ho se fane ka lijo tse nang le oli e ngata le lijo tse ling tse tlatsetsang ho hlahiseng mafura 'meleng. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho mo fa lijo-thollo tse nang le oli e ngata haholo. Empa ho meroho, litholoana le litlama, hamster ha e hloke ho lekanyetsoa. A ke ke a hlaphoheloa lihlahisoa tsena.

Mafu a tšoaetsanoang a liphio le senya. Hamsters e ka ba le mafu a lefu la lesapo la mokokotlo kapa mafu a tšoaetsanoang a liphio. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a mafu ana a tšoana le a liphoofolo tsohle: hamster hangata e ntša metsi, ka linako tse ling ka mali, phoofolo e na le lenyora le ntseng le eketseha. Matšoao a mang ke ho hloka thahasello, mehoo ea bohloko ha o ntša metsi.

Liphoofolo tse nang le lipontšo tse joalo li tlameha ho bonts'oa ngaka, kaha ho ka hlokahala ho nka mokhoa oa lithibela-mafu. Li-hamsters tse kulang li bolokoa li futhumetse, 'me li fa phoofolo monyetla oa ho fumana metsi a hloekileng khafetsa. Hloekisa likhopo tsa hau letsatsi le letsatsi u sebelisa litlhare tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tse etselitsoeng ho bolaea diselesa tse nyane tsa liphoofolo ho thibela tšoaetso ea bobeli ka lefu la metsi la moholi.

Ka kalafo e nepahetseng, li-hamsters li ntlafala matsatsing a 'maloa. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a sa tloaelehang, hamster e ba le ho hloleha ha renal kapa ho hloleha ha meno, e lebisang lefung la phoofolo. Lirosa tse fepeloang haholo ka lijo tse sa boleng bo phahameng kapa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li ka tšoaetsoa habonolo ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang a lefu la senya.

Matsoho. Ka linako tse ling hamsters e ka robeha leoto kapa mohatla, leha e le ka sejelong. Hangata likotsi tse qetellang ka ho robeha li etsahala mantsiboea kapa bosiu, 'me li fumanoa hoseng ka le hlahlamang. Hamster e nang le maoto le matsoho a senyehileng e ka qeaqea; phoofolo e nang le likotsi tsa mohatla, hangata e inama.

Ka bomalimabe, ka lebaka la boholo bo nyane, ho ke ke ha khonahala ho rala masapo a robehileng, kahoo o tlameha ho emela hore masapo a mele hammoho. Ho etsa sena, o hloka ho fokotsa Hamster ha e ntse e tsamaea, ho kenyelletsa le tlhoko ea ho tlosa lebili ho tsoa terakeng. Ho boetse ho molemo ho beha phoofolo ka har'a metsi ka tlhaho ntle le metsi, ho qoba ho nyoloha le ho thellela mabopong a likhohlo. Bohobe bo bonolo, lebese kapa likuku bakeng sa lintja li eketsoa lijong ka nako ena. Lijo tse nang le calcium e ngata.

Hamsters e boetse e na le likhahla tse bulehileng. Maemong ana, masapo a tsoa lehare kapa mohatla o senyehileng. Haeba koluoa ​​e joalo e etsahetse, ruri u tlameha ho bonts'a phoofolo ea lapeng ho ngaka ea liphoofolo, hobane, ho thibela ts'oaetso, ho bohlokoa kalafo ea leqeba ka lithibela-mafu. Hape, ngaka e tla beha lesapo le / kapa ho sotha leqeba.

Li-paws tse robehileng kapa mohatla hangata o fola nakong ea libeke tse 1-2, empa ka lebaka la ho robeha, hamster e ka lula e holofetse ebile e na le mohatla o kobehileng bakeng sa bophelo. Sena ha sea lokela ho u tšoenya, kaha ha se bake pherekano ho phoofolo.

Ho qhala. Ho songoa ha Hamster hangata ho hlaha ka lebaka la ho haella ha metsi kapa ho amana le ho ja bongata bo boholo ba lijo tse omileng. Matšoao a ho qhala: litšila tse fokotsehileng seleng. Lithaere tse nyane, li thata ebile li omme. Hamster e ka robala. Matšoao a mang: tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo, mongobo o monyane o potolohileng bohloa. Haeba hamster e na le ho sokela, etsa bonnete ba hore o lula a na le metsi a hloekileng, eketsa meroho le litholoana ka se nang le metsi a mangata lijong tsa hae. Ho fana ka lerotholi la oli ea meroho ho boetse ho thusa ho sebetsana le ho sokela. Haeba ho se na ntlafatso ho hamster ka letsatsi le hlahlamang, e ise ho ngaka ea liphoofolo.

Letšollo (lets'ollo). Hamsters a ka tšoaroa ke lets'ollo ka mabaka a 'maloa. Liphetoho tsa tšohanyetso lijong, ho fepa meroho e mengata haholo le lijo tse tala ke lisosa tse peli tse atileng haholo. Letšollo le ka lebisa ho feliseng metsi. Matšoao a ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng: hamster ea fokola, ho hema ho boima ebile ho ea lieha,' mele o bonahala o le mosesane ho feta ka mehla. Sula letlalo la hamster ho lekola. Haeba letlalo le tsamaea butle, empa eseng kapele, le khutlela 'meleng ebe phoofolo e omelletsoe ke metsi. Fana ka Hamster metsi ka tsoekere le letsoai, ho etsa sena, tšela metsi sekhutlong sa molomo ka syringe ntle le ho bapala.

Hoa thahasellisa

Hamster e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Hamster e tloaelehileng ha e nkoe e se eona feela e kholo ka ho fetisisa, empa hape e ntle ka ho fetisisa, har'a bara ba motho. Boholo ba eona bo tsotehang. Motho e moholo o fihla bolelele ba 25-30 cm. E na le 'mala o bofubelu bo bofubelu bo bofubelu bo khanyang ka morao, mpa e ntšo le matheba a mararo a masoeu ka lehlakoreng la hlooho, sefuba le mahlakore. Nko le paws li tšoeu. Leha ka linako tse ling ho na le batho ka 'mala o motšo le o mosoeu kapa o motšo.

Hamster e nyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Har'a li-hamsters tsohle tsa malapeng, tse nyane haholo ke li-hamster tsa Roborovsky. Ka bolelele, li fihla lisentimithareng tse hlano ho isa ho tse tšeletseng feela. Bokapele ba bona ke hlooho e 'mala o mosehla. Empa boea le boea bo potileng antennae bo batla bo le bosoeu. Karolo e khethollang ea mofuta ona oa hamsters ke bobebe, bo batlang bo le pepeneneng "lintja". Ho sisinyeha ha liphoofolo tsena tse qabolang sebakeng sa tsona ho potlakile haholo hoo beng ba tsona ba ka fihlelang, ha e le hantle, ba shebelletse feela liphoofolo tsa bona tse ratoang. Ntle le moo, mofuta ona oa hamster o tšoauoa ka ho tšoha ho eketsehileng, 'me ho ba tsamaisa tikolohong kapa ho fetola tikoloho ho ba khatello ea' nete ho bona, e ka bang libeke tse 'maloa.

Li-hamsters tse ling li ka qala ho tsikenya koena kapa lintho tse ho eona, 'me boemo bona bo ka lokisoa ka ho fa hamster cookie kapa ho kenya tjhoko ka sejaneng. Matsoalo a lintja a tšoaneleha hantle - a ke ke a senya meno a hamster mme a se ke a senya bophelo bo botle le tšilo ea lijo. Empa ho bohlokoa haholo hore hamster e na le lihlahisoa, kapa lintho tseo a ka etsang meno ka tsona - haeba ho se joalo, meno a ntseng a hola ka mehla a ka hlaba mohlahare.

Hamsters ba bona ba le batsho le ba basoeu, ka nako e ts'oanang ba na le mahlo a fokolang haholo. Hamsters e itšetleha haholo ka ho utloa le ho nkha.

Ba boholong Vietnamese ba thibetse ho boloka li-hamsters, ka nepo ba li nka e le bakuli ba maloetse a kotsi. Lebaka la mehato e joalo e ne e le phallo e kholo ea liphoofolo e sa feteleng taolo ea liphoofolo ho tsoa kantle ho naha, e neng e amana le ho khopisa ho almanaka ea bochabela ea selemo sa Rat le keketseho ea tlhokeho ea litoeba tse nyane. Tefo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho tlola thibelo ke limilione tse 30 tsa dong, e leng li-ruble tse 57,000, mme e bapisoa le moputso oa selemo le selemo oa moahi oa naha ena.

Dzungarian (Sungurian) hamster

Li-hamsters kapa li-dzhungariki ke liphoofolo tse boholo bo bohareng ho fihlela li 10 cm le tse boima ba ho fihlela ho 65. Sebopeho sa bona sa litšobotsi ke thapo e lefifi tseleng le mokokotlo le morethetho o boletsoeng hloohong. 'Mala o ka sehloohong oa dzhungarika ke mokokotlo o' mala o moputsoa le mpa e tšoeu, empa ho na le likhetho tse ling:

Liphoofolo li fapana ka moriti, empa li boloke mokhoa oa tsona hloohong le mokokotlong.

Liphoofolo tsena tse ntle li tloaetse batho habonolo mme li ka phela botlamuoeng ho isa ho lilemo tse 3, ka seoelo li ka fihla ho 4. Dzhungariki li hlasetsoe ke lefu la tsoekere, ka hona litholoana tse monate li lokela ho fuoa ka bongata.

Dzungarian hamster

Sesyria hamster

Li-hamsters tsa Syria li kholo ho feta dzungariks. Ba phela lilemo tse 3-4, ka seoelo ba fihlelang lilemo tse 5. Ho latela maemo a machabeng, liphoofolo li lokela ho ba bolelele ba 12 cm, empa ka linako tse ling li hola ho fihla ho cm 20. Boima bo qala ho 100 g mme e fela ho 140 g, tse tšehali li boima ho feta. Mmala o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke oa khauta, empa ho na le mebala e fapaneng ho tloha mebala eohle e mosehla le e sootho ho ea chocolate le e ntšo. Ho na le bana ba nang le matlalo a maputsoa le a mosi. Mofuta ona oa hamsters o fapana bolelele ba kobo. Sebelisa:

• ba moriri o molelele
• Shorthair
• satin
• rex
• se nang moriri.

Haeba motho a le moriri o molelele, moriri oa mosali o ka ba mokhuts'oane haholo.

"Basyria" e na le menoana e mene lipatleng tsa eona, le maotong a ka morao a 5. E na le moea o khutsitseng ho feta dzhungariki mme e etsa hore ho ikopanya le motho ho be bonolo.

Sesyria hamster

Angora hamster

Angora ke lebitso le fosahetseng la hamster ea Syria ka moriri o molelele. Liphoofolo tsa Shaggy li shebahala li fapaneng le tsa Basyria tse tloaelehileng, empa sena ke mofuta o tšoanang. Phapang ke hore liphoofolo tse joalo li ka phela lapeng feela. Kobo ea bona e hloka tlhokomelo e eketsehileng.

Angora hamster

Hamsters ea Roborovsky

Li-hamsters tsa Roborovsky ke bona feela baemeli ba lelapa ba ka bolokiloeng sehlopheng, 'me ho molemo ho ba le likamano tsa bong bo tšoanang ho thibela likhang.

Bana bana ke litho tse nyane tsa lelapa. Boholo ba tsona ha bo feta cm cm 5. Li tsoala tse mpe le ho feta, kahoo li bitsa chelete e ngata. Ba phela lilemo tse ka bang 4, 'me ba ikemetse ho feta "Basyria." Li batla li sa tloaela ho tloaela matsoho, li khahla batho ba ratang ho shebella bophelo ba liphoofolo. Liphoofolo li fapana ka lintja tse tšoeu tsa mahlo le nko ea snub. Mpa ea bona le eona ea khanya. Letlalo le ka soeufala ka 'mala oa khauta, lehlabathe le sootho. Ho na le bana ba nang le boea ba “agouti” le 'mala oa tranelate.

Roborovsky Hamster

Campbell Hamster

Li-hamsters tsa Campbell li tšoana le dzungariki. Li boetse li nyane - ho fihlela bolelele ba 10 cm hape li na le mokokotlo mokokotlong. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le phapang, li-dzhungarik li na le mebala e tloaelehileng e lefifi, 'me Campbell e na le mebala e mengata ea khauta. Leqhetsoana letlalong le boreleli hape le tšesaane. “Likarolo” tsa phetoho ea 'mala oa mokokotlo oa mpa ha li boleloe joalo. Ma-Jungari a ke ke a ba le mahlo a mafubelu, esita le lialbino. Likampo tsa maoto li ka ba matheba. Boea ba li-dzhungariks bo boreleli, le ba Campbell - "li-shreds". Dzhungariki e na le sebopeho sa ovoid, le Campbell - ka sebopeho sa palo e robeli. Liphoofolo tsena li phela lilemo tse ka bang peli.

Campbell Hamster

Albino Hamsters

Albinos ha e aroloe ho ba mofuta o ikhethileng, hobane sena ke kheloho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso liphoofolong tsa mofuta o fe kapa o fe. Albinos e bitsoa hamsters, eo 'mele oa eona o sa hlahiseng melanin. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ena, liphoofolo li na le moriri o mosoeu le 'mala o pepeneneng. Lithapo tse kenang tsa mali li etsa hore mahlo a albino e be mafubedu. Li-hamsters tse joalo li tsotella khanya ea letsatsi, hangata ha li na mahlo le ho se utloe hantle. Maemong a matle ha ba phele ka tsela e tšoanang le ea batho ba habo bona.

Syrian Albino Hamster

White hamster

Ka linako tse ling ho na le takatso ea ho fumana sebata sa 'mala o itseng, mohlala, basweu, ebe barekisi ba thusang ba fana ka mofuta o sa tloaelehang bakeng sa chelete e ngata - hamster e tšoeu. Mme hape, sena ke leshano. Hamster e tšoeu e ka ba albino, kapa 'mala o motšo feela. Ke mofuta o lokelang ho khethoa, 'me mofuta oa "hamster e tšoeu" ha o eo.

White Dzungarian Hamster

Tloaelehileng Hamster

Hamster e hlaha e khona ho ba bolelele ba 34 cm, mme bolelele ba mohatla oa eona ke cm 3-8. E lula moepeng le litepising tsa moru, hangata e lula haufi le motho. Letlalo la hae le boreleli: mokokotlo o 'mala o mofubelu,' me mpa e ntšo. Matheba a masoeu ka mahlakoreng le ka pele. Ho na le mefuta e metšo hape e ntšo e nang le matheba a masoeu. Gargoyles a phela naheng ka lilemo tse 4, maemong a matle ba khona ho fihlela lilemo tse 6.

Tloaelehileng Hamster

Grey hamster

Hamore e putsoa ke litoeba, boholo ba eona ha bo fetisane le panya. ke ea mofuta oa li-hamsters tse putsoa. Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha ho cm 9.5 ho isa ho 13. O na le mokokotlo o moputsoa le mpa e bobebe. Ho latela sebaka sa bolulo, 'mala oa letlalo o ka fapana. Ha a cheke mekoti, empa o lula har'a batho bao a sa ba tsebeng. Phoofolo e na le mekotla e meholo ea marama le litsebe tse nyane. Libakeng tse ling, e thathamisitsoe ho Buka e Khubelu.

Grey hamster

Eversman Hamster le Mongolian Hamster

Mofuta oa li-hamsters tsa Eversman li kenyelletsa litoeba tse peli tse tšoanang ka chebahalo le mekhoa: Mongoli le Eversman. Ka bobeli liphoofolo li khetha bohloa le bohloa. Semongolia se lula merung ea naha, China leboea le Tuva.

Mongoli Hamster

Ka bobeli liphoofolo tsena ha li kholo ho feta 16 cm ka mohatla o mokhuts'oane - cm 2. Mohloaare o monyane hanyane, 'mala oa mokokotlo o bobebe mme ha ho na sebopeho se lefifi sefubeng, joalo ka hamore ea Eversman. Hamster ea Eversman e ka ba le mokokotlo o meholo haholo ka 'mala o sootho, o motšo kapa oa khauta. Ka bobeli li-hamsters li na le mpa le maoto le bobebe. Li ngotsoe Bukeng e Khubelu.

Hamster's Eversman

Barabinsky hamster

Phoofolo ke ea mofuta oa hamsters tse putsoa. E lula Siberia Bophirimela, Transbaikalia, Mongolia. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla ho 12-13 cm, mohatla o bolelele ba cm 3. Molamu o apere kobo e khubelu; mohala o motšo o matha ka morao: ho fapana le ho ba lerootho ho batho ba fapaneng. Khanya ea mpa e tšoeu. Karolo e nang le tšobotsi ke litsebe tse melumo e 'meli tse nang le moeli o mosoeu ho potoloha lipalo. Ho na le mefuta e 4 ea hamsters.

Barabinsky hamster

Hamster ea Sokolov

Baemeli ba fokolang ba ithutileng mofuta oa mofuta oa hamsters e putsoa. Ba lula Mongolia le China. Ho fapana le litho tse ling tse ngata tsa lelapa, ha li utloise bohloko masimong a lijo-thollo. Boholo ba phoofolo bo ka ba 11.5 mm. O na le letlalo le leputsoa le mpa e bobebe. Mohatla oa hamster o batla o sa bonahale. Ka morao ke mokokotlo o lefifi. A ke ke a lula kholehong nako e telele hobane ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e fokolang ka eena.

Hamster ea Sokolov

Grasshopper hamster

Hamster kapa hamora ea Scorpion e lula Canada le Mexico. E hola ho fihla ho 14 cm, ho kenyelletsa mohatla, boima ba eona ke 40-60 g. Letlalo la eona le sootho, ke mpa e bobebe. Phoofolo e ja likokoanyana feela, mekholutsoane le litoeba tse nyane. Mefuta ea hamsters e kang ena e jang lintho tse ling ha e sa fumaneha. Phofu ea hae e ka ba scorpion. Hamster e loantša chefo ea likokoanyana. Li-hamsters tsena ka linako tse ling li hula motsotsoana, li phahamisa lihlooho. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa ho bokolla ha hamsters.

Grasshopper hamster

Sibsteran hamster

Hamster ea Siberia e khetholloa ke phetoho ea boea ba boea ka linako tse itseng. Moemeli enoa ea monyane oa lelapa lehlabula o apere seaparo se lefifi se sefubelu se nang le mohala o sootho, 'me ka liaparo tsa mariha e le kobo e tšoeu ea boea e nang le mola o moputsoa ka morao. Liphoofolo li hola ho fihla ho 10 cm, mme boima bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa lapeng ke 50 g. Ka tlhaho, litoeba li phela lilemo tse 2,5, li le botlamuoeng - ho fihlela lilemo tse 3.

Sibsteran hamster

Tibetan hamster

Li-hamsters tsa Dwarf Tibetan li lula Chaena. Mefuta ena ea li-hamsters e ka lula libakeng tse lithaba ka bophahamo ba limithara tse 4000 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Liphoofolo li hola ho fihla ho 11 cm, mme mohatla o batla o le bolelele ba 'mele. 'Mala oa bona o moputsoa ka marapo a lefifi le a lefifi. Mohatla o na le tlase, 'me mohala o motšo o matha ka holim'a eona. Mpa le karolo e tlase ea leseli la mohatla.

Brandt Hamster Habitat

Hamster ea Brandt e tloaelehile Iseraele, Ciscaucasia Bochabela, haufi le Asia, Dagestan, Transcaucasia, Lithabeng tsa Talysh, Turkey, Lebanon. Boholo bo lula libakeng tse lithaba, tse lulang sebakeng se haufi le matsoapo a lijo-thollo, makhulo a lithaba, mohloa oa seretse, naha ea lithaba. Empa motsoalle oa Caucasus ha a mamelle libaka tse mongobo le tse mongobo. Empa litoeba tsena li lumellane hantle le bophelo sebakeng sa bophahamo ba limithara tse 300 ho isa ho tse 3000 ka holimo ho leoatle.

Tlhaloso

Bolelele ba 'mele ke lisenthimithara tse 15 ho isa ho 18,' me mohatla o bolelele ba limilimithara tse peli ho isa ho tse 3. Bolelele ba tsebe ke 10-16 limilimithara. Bolepo ke 42- 29 g. Litsebe tse nyane tse chitja .. Lebala la boea ba 'mele bo holimo ke bokhubung ba lefatše. lipakeng tsa phatla kamehla ho na le letheba le letšo le pharalletseng mahetleng. Ka mahlakoreng, hlooho e 'mala o mosehla, o bosootho bo bofubelu ka tlas'a litsebe, chin e tšoeu .. Maoto a masoeu a nang le soles. Moaparo kaofela o boreleli ebile o bonolo,' me ke mohatleng feela o motenya ho feta

Joalo ka hamsters tse ngata tsa Lefatše la Khale, hamster ea Transcaucasian e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha mekotla.Moto o potapotile, mohatla ha o bonahale, maoto a makhuts'oane. Colouring - boea bo ka morao bo soothobetse ka lehlabula. sekhutlong sa molomo, ho qala mohala o habeli, o arola hlooho ho ea ho likarolo ebe o fetela mahetleng. Karolo e ka holimo ea moqomo e le putsoa ka 'mala o moputsoa, ​​o ka tlase, o sephara, o mosoeu .. Chebung ho na le letheba le mosehla. Li-zygomatic arches li nyolohela morao hanyane ka hanyane, li fihlela boleng bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ho suture ea temporomandibular.Melo ea "condylobasal" ea sekhahla hangata ha e fetang limilimithara tse 35. Karolo ea nasal e khutsufalitsoe. Masapo a linko, ho fapana le a cricetus hamsters, ha a thekesele. butle-butle ho ea pele Litulo tsa incisal li qala ho tloha halofo ea bolelele ba tsona, li hola le katara ea boraro ea lithaele ho ea fihla ka kotloloho ho isa lipheletsong.

Tsamaiso

Leholiotsoana la Caucasian le atile hohle naheng ea Turkey, Isiraele, Lebanon le Ciscaucasia Bochabela.Ba lula libakeng tse nang le lithaba. E lula libakeng tsa mohohlo oa joang bo matsoapong a lithaba, makhulo a lithaba le linaha tse lemiloeng ke batho.

Karolo le lithaba tsa Transcaucasia le Asia Boroa ka boroa, e ajoa lithabeng tsa Talysh le leboea-bophirima ho Iran, ka leboea, Dagestan, - e fumanoang ka boroa le ka bochabela ho Noka ea Sulak ho Transcaucasia, sebaka sa eona se pharalla ka bochabela ho libaka tsa Arsian le Likh, ka libaka tsohle tsa steppe le li-steppe-steppe tse ka boroa ho Georgia le Armenia.Hona le hlaha ka bolelele ba li-300 ho isa ho 3000 m ka holimo ho ur m.

Lintlha

1. ↑ 12 Sokolov VE Buka e hlalosang mantsoe a liphoofolo tse hlano ka lebitso la liphoofolo Mammals Latin, Serussia, Senyesemane, Sejeremane, Sefora / e hlophisitsoeng ke Acad. VE Sokolov - M: Puo ea Serussia, 1984 - C 161 - 10,000 likopi
2. ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, le Mike Grayson Sets'oants'o sa mabitso a basali - Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009 - P 54 - 574 p - ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9

Lihokela

• Li-Vertebrates tsa Russia: Brandt's Hamster

Tlhahisoleseling ea Brandt Hamster About

Little Hamster ea Asia, Brandster's Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti Nehring, 1898), sheba mofuta oa hamsters e mahareng. Bolelele ba 'mele ho fihlela ho 150mm, bolelele ba mohatla ho fihlela 39 mm. Mehala e sootho e bosootho bo tla pele ka 'mala oa holimo. Sebaka se ka tlase sa 'mele ke' mala o mosehla kapa o moputsoa, ​​feela sefubeng ho na le letheba le letšo. Mots'eare o moputsoa o mosesane, 'me letheba le leholo le bosehla lerameng le hokahantsoe le sebaka se khanyang ka morao-tsebe. Ho buleha ha leqhubu ka har'a lehata ha ho ts'oanetse ho ea ka pele 'me bokapele ba eona ba boraro ha bo bobebe ho feta bohareng. Ho na le li-chromosome tse 42 ho karyotype.

Hamster

Hamster e nyane ea Asia e pharalletse sebakeng se omileng sa lefatše (300-3000 limithara ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle) litepisi tsa Asia Minor, Transcaucasia ho ea bophirima ho Iran, e leng Levant. E lula naheng e nyane ea mabele, makhapetla a joang bo sa tsoaneng, makhasi a lithaba haufi le lijalo tsa lijalo tsa temo. Ho qoba libaka tse nang le metsi le lehoatata. Hamster e nyane ea Asia e cheka likoti tse tebileng tse nang le likamore tse 'maloa le litemana tse' maloa tse emeng ka n the'ane ho tloha mohloling, tseo ho tsona ho fihlang feela 1. Kamore ea ho jella ka linako tse ling e ba botebo ba limithara tse peli. Ho fapana le masoba a tse ling tse kholo, sebaka se setle se qalang, hangata se bolelele bohle ho fihlela kamore ea pele e koaloa ke lefatše. Bakeng sa mariha ba oela hibernation, nako eo ho eona e itšetlehileng ka bophahamo ba sebaka (mohlala, mealo e luloa ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa qalong ea December).

Hamster e nyane ea Asia e ja likarolo tse tala le peo ea limela tse hlaha le tse lengoang. E boloka libaka tsa mariha. E tšehali batho ba baholo ba ikatisa makhetlo a mabeli ka selemo. Ka har'a malinyane, ho fihlela ho li-12-16 li-cubs. Libakeng tse ling, e baka kotsi e kholo ho lijalo tsa harese le lijalo tse ling. Tšoara ea tlhaho ea tularemia, 'me mohlomong le feberu ea Q.

Brandt Hamsterkapa Hamster ea Transcaucasian (lat. Mesocricetus brandti) - moemeli oa mofuta oa li-hamsters tse bohareng, lelapa la hamster, rodent order.

Habitat le boits'oaro. Hamster ea Brandt e fumanoa Europe le Asia, mme e khona ho tloaela libaka tse fapaneng. Mofuta ona o lula merung ea lehlabathe, matsoapong a lehoatata le naheng ea temo, linaheng tse nang le limela tse ngata, tseo ho tsona joang kapa joang bo jang pele. Bophahamo boo lihlaha tsa Brandt li lulang ho tsona li tloha ho 1 000 ho isa ho 2 200 limithara ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Hamster ena e cheka likoti tsa bolulo, tse fumanehang botebo ba lisenthimithara tse 50 ho isa ho tse 200 ho tloha lefatšeng. Mehala ena e na le likotopo tse 'maloa tse lebisang likamoreng tsa ho fepa, ho fepa le ho phomola. Li boetse li sebelisetsoa hibernation.

Lijo. Hamster ea Brandt e na le lijo tse fapaneng ka bongata, empa e ipapisitse le lijalo le litlama. Li boetse li ja likokoanyana, 'me li boloka mariha ho tloha metso le makhasi. Hangata lihlaha tsa Brandt li lula haufi le masimo 'me li iphepa ka limela tse lenngoeng ho tsona, tseo ho nkoang ho thoe ke tse senyang lijalo.

Baahi le lits'oso. Hamster ea Brandt ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang, le hoja o ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a bophelo. Mofuta ona o lula o le haufi le masimo 'me o nkoa e le disenyi, e halefisang balemi ba lehae ho loants'a hamt ea Brandt mme e lebisa ho fokotseng palo ea baahi ba bona.

Ho ikatisa. Ba batona ba Brandt hamster ba kena bohlankaneng ha ba le libeke tse robeli, ha ba batona ba le likhoeli li tšeletseng. Hamster ea Brandt e ka tsoala lithaole tse 'ne ka selemo ka karolelano ea malinyane a leshome. Boimana bo nka matsatsi a 14-17.

Lingoliloeng

• V. E. Flint, Bahlahisi ba USSR, Ntlo ea Khatiso e Nahantsoeng, Moscow, 1965

Brandt's Hamster. Bolelele ba 'mele ho fihlela ho 150mm, bolelele ba mohatla ho fihlela 39 mm. 'Mala oa bokaholimo ke brownish-fawn, lesela le leputsoa le lefifi, letheba le leholo, le hokahane le tsebe e ka morao, mpa e soeufetse ho fihlela bobebe, molora o motšo,' me ho na le letheba le letšo sefubeng lipakeng tsa phatleng.

Likharetene tse ka pele ha li ame karolo ea bokantle ba lebokose la boko, li thella haholo ka lehlakoreng le ka morao, li lekanyetse likarolo tsa li-trapezoidal, 'me li fetele pele karolong e ka morao ea masapo a linko, le eona e fetela sebakeng se pakeng tsa mokokotlo. Likarolo tse ka morao tsa karolo ea sekhahla ea lehata li tšoana kapa li haufi haholo le pele, menyetla e bulehileng e qala ho hola ho tloha halofo, 'me ho karolo ea eona ea boraro ea molatsoana ho fapana ho isa pheletsong.

Ho jaleha. Lithaba tsa lithaba tsa Front (Iran ka bophirima, Turkey) le karolo ea Asia Minor le Transcaucasia. E boetse e fumaneha karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea Ciscaucasia lithoteng tse 'maloa le masabasabeng a Dagestan boroa le bochabela ho noka. Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, jj.).

Ho Transcaucasia, sebaka sa hamster sa Brandt se haelloa nako le nako; likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa sona li tsejoa ho Shirak steppeus (Iorsky le Kartalinsky plateaus) le bohareng le boroa ho Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karayazy, jj.). E ngata ho feta libakeng tse lipalo tse phahameng tsa Caucasus e Nyane, haholo likarolo tsa eona tse bophirima le leboea-bophirima ho Nagorno-Karabakh le liphula tsa Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic le Talysh.

Mesaletsa ea mesaletsa ea khale e tsejoa ho tloha Pleistocene (Georgia bophirimela) ka leboea bophirima ho meeli ea sejoale-joale ea sebaka sa thomello.

Biology le bohlokoa ba moruo. Ho Transcaucasia, phetisetso ea hamster e ntle ea Brandt e lekanyelitsoe feela mabeteng a uper xerophytic cerebr-ceremwood steppes le karolo ea methapo ea thaba (Armenia e ka boroa) libakeng tse phahameng ho tloha ho 300 ho isa ho 3000 m ka holimo ho leoatle. m., hangata e fumaneha kahare ho 1200-2000 m. Karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea Ciscaucasia e lula sebakeng sa li-steppes tse entsoeng ka joang bo phahameng bophahamong ba limithara tse 300-500 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. m. Sebakeng tse nang le metsi le se nang lijalo, ruri lia qoba, li ikemisetsa ho aha haufi le lijalo.

Ha e le molao, e lula ka har'a mekoti e ikemetseng e ikemetseng, ea moralo o tšoanang le mefuta e meng e meholo ea hamsters, 'me ke Ciscaucasia feela moo tikoloho e fumanehang litemaneng tse ikhethileng tsa kolone ea sechaba. Sekoti se felile se na le likarolo tse 'ne ho isa ho tse tharo tse otlolohileng ho tloha bophahamong, hobane karolo e le' ngoe feela ke eona e fihlang holimo. Ho fapana le marokho a mefuta e meng e meholo ea subfamily, sebaka se ikhethileng seo ho tloha ho cheka ho qala ho sona, hangata se koaloa ka lefatše ka bolelele bohle ho fihlela kamoreng ea pele. Litsela li fumaneha li tebile haholo: kamore ea ho phomola ka linako tse ling e ba ka botebo ba limithara tse 2. Hangata litsela tse kholo li hatakeloa ho tloha litsing tse kenang, mme ho na le libaka tsa bohlokoa tse e potileng tse se nang limela.

Mofuta oa phepo e nepahetseng o tšoana le oa mefuta e meng Mesocricetus. Ha ho na datha ka boleng ba polokelo; nakong ea selemo-lehlabula, ho fumanoe makhasi a lijo-thollo, li-clover le sekhele.

E tšehali batho ba baholo ba ikatisa makhetlo a mabeli ka selemo. Palo ea bacha e fihlile ho 12-15. Ka Phuptjane, ho se ho fihlile liphoofolo tsa likhama tse tsofetseng, tse neng li sa fihle ka halofo ea motho e moholo, li qala ho phela ka tsela e ikemetseng. Nako ea hibernation e fapana haholo ka bophahamo ba sebaka, mohlala, se hlahang ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa qalong ea December.

Libakeng tse ling hamore ea Brandt e tlisa tšenyo e kholo lijalong tsa barele. Matlalo a oela ka har'a likheo.

Phapang ea sebaka. Ha e ithutoe. Sheba haufi M. auratus Ntlo ea metsi, eo hangata e sebelisoang e le phoofolo ea laboratori, e fapana le ea Asia Minor hamster cytogenetically. Phapang e ts'oanang e tsoang ho Hamster ea Pre-Caucasian ha e tsejoe, ho ka etsahala hore sebakeng se moqotetsane sa batho ba Dagestan ba tlase ho tla fumanoa ba fetohang ka boholo le mmala lipakeng tsa subspecies tse nyane tsa Pre-Caucasian hamster le Asia Little hamster.

Lits'oants'o: Bohlokoa ba USSR. Karolo ea 1. Ntlo ea phatlalatso ea USSR Academy of Science. Moscow-Leningrad, ka 1963