Mehlape e meholohali ea metsing ke maruarua (li-kitos - ka SeGreek, "Leoatle la Monster"). Empa baholo-holo ba maruarua e ne e le li-artiodactyl tse lulang naheng.
Cetaceans e shebahala joaloka litlhapi tse kholo, empa 1 ea baholo-holo ba tsona ke kubu!
Tlhaloso
Leruarua le leholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le leputsoa, ho fihlela ho 25-33 m, le boima ba lithane tse 150. Ho na le maruarua a sephara a bonyane limithara tse 6 ho isa ho tse 4.
Sebopeho sa mmele oa whale se tšoana le lerotholi le phahameng; li fofa habonolo ka metsing. Mahlo le linko tse nyane li fumaneha moqhaka oa hlooho.
Sebopeho sa meno se fapane:
- Maruarua a meno a nang le meno a bohale.
- Mustachioed - ntle le meno, ba sefa metsi ka lipolanete tsa masapo (whalebone).
Lesapo la leruarua le boreleli, ka lebaka la lona phoofolo e khona ho sisinyeha. Hlooho e kholo e tsamaea hantle 'meleng, e kenella mohatleng. Mme mapheo a malelele le mohatla li mo thusa ho tjeka kapa ho fokotsa butle haholo.
Hlokomela!
Maruarua a Baleen a na le litelu sefahlehong, 'mele o boreleli ka botlalo.
Li-Cetaceans li fapana ka 'mala, ho tloha thoteng ho ea ho libaka. Liphoofolo tsa metsing li ka fetola 'mala oa letlalo ka lilemo. Li na le monko o monate, empa tatso e batla e sa ntlafatsoe. Empa ba khetholla metsi a letsoai le a hloekileng.
Boholo ba maruarua ha a shebelle, empa a na le kutlo e makatsang e nang le lerata le leholo ho tloha molomong o sa utloahaleng ho isa ho li-ultrasound. Ka hona, tsebe ea whale e na le sebopeho se rarahaneng.
Ho ts'oara le eona e ntle haholo, ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea methapo e tlasa letlalo.
Maruarua ke eng
Ha e le hantle, lebitso "Whale" le fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Segerike e le phoofolo ea leoatleng. 'Me sena sohle, mohlomong, se tsoa ho hore ka lekhetlo la pele ba kopana le libopuoa tsena, batho ba ne ba maketse feela ka boholo ba bona. Empa, li fapane kaofela mme maratsoana ke eng - re tla u joetsa hona joale.
Humpback Whale, kapa Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Maruarua ke liphoofolo tse anyesang, leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la hore li lula li lula metsing, li ile tsa qala ho amahanngoa le kutloisiso ea batho ka litlhapi, tseo e seng tsona.
Leha e le taba ea hore kantle, maruarua a bonoa habonolo ka lebaka la chebahalo ea ona, a na le phapang e ngata haholo mme ha a sebetse ho li-dolphin kapa li-porpoises.
Whalebone molomong oa whale
Ponahalo ea maruarua
Ntho ea pele eo ba e tsotelloang ha ba tloaelana le maruarua ke bona boholo ba bona bo boholo. Le baemeli ba banyenyane ba li-cetacean, joalo ka sperm whale e nyane, ba bolelele ba limithara tse 3 le boima ba ligrama tse 400. Mefuta e mengata ea li-cetaceans e ka ithorisa ka bolelele ba limithara tse 5-12, ha e ntse e le boima ba lithane tse 'maloa. Ho feta moo, moetapele ea sa tsejoeng ke moqhaka o moputsoa, o moholo ho oona o ka fihlelang bolelele ba limithara tse 33 le boima ba lithane tse 150. Hoa hlokomeleha hore esita le li-dinosaurs tsa khale li ne li se na boholo bo joalo, e leng se etsang hore leruarua e be seipone se tsebahalang le se kileng sa ba le polanete ea rona.
Hloohong ea leruarua la humpback, phapang ea boholo ba mehlahare e holimo le e tlaase e bonahala hantle
Maruarua kaofela a na le 'mele o hlophisitsoeng hantle,' mele o mokhuts'oane o sa sebetseng le hlooho e kholo, eo boholo ba eona bo ka fapana ho tloha ho 1/3 ho isa ho 1/5 ea boholo bo felletseng. Ho latela sebopeho sa meno, maruarua a ka aroloa likarolo tse peli - maratsoana a baleen le a sooth. Maruarua a maputsoa ha a na meno ho hang, 'me melomong ea' ona ho na le lipolanete tse ikhethang tsa lenaka, tseo hape li bitsoang whalebone.
Toothy whales e na le meno, empa palo ea tsona le sebopeho li ka fapana ho latela mefuta.
Mapheo a malelele a leruarua la humpback tlasa metsi a tšoana le mapheo
Karolong e ka holimo ea hlooho ea leruarua ho na le seretse - e leng lesoba leo phoofolo ea matsoho e phefumolohang ka eona. Nakong ea ho hema, seliba sa moea o mongobo se phatloha ka ho phefumoloha, boholo ba sona bo itšetlehileng ka mefuta ea sena kapa moemeli eo.
Ha e le maoto le matsoho, mefuteng e mengata e fetohile makhopho a benyang, boholo ba eona bo ka fapana - ho tloha ho sperm whaleles ho ea ho tse kholo, joalo ka whale ea humpback.
Sefahleho sa leruarua la humpback le koaetsoe ke likhetla tsa "crasitaceans" tsa parasitic
Matsoalo a ka morao ha a eo ka ho phethahala, 'me sebakeng sa' ona, mokokotlong oa lumbar ho na le masapo a mabeli a manyane ao mesifa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso li kopantsoeng ho 'ona.
Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) e na le lebitso la eona ka 'mala oa eona o mosoeu oa letlalo le lesoeu
Leruarua ka bolona le itsamaela ka metsing ka thuso ea boholo bo boholo ba mohatla o habeli, oo ba bangata ba sa tsebeng, ba e nkang bakeng sa maoto le matsoho a maholo.
Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
Letlalo le letlalo la whale
Le hoja leruarua le phoofolo e anyesang, leha ho le joalo, letlalo la eona le boreleli ebile ha le na leseli la boteng ba moriri. Tlas'a letlalo ho na le mafura a mangata haholo (ka linako tse ling a fihla ho mithara e le ngoe). Ke mafura a phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseheng ha maratsoana 'me ka nako e ts'oanang a na le phepelo ea limatlafatsi tse hlokahalang.
Bokantle ba letlalo la maruarua a mangata bo koahetsoe ke liphoofotsoana tsa metsing - tsena ke lintja tse bitsoang li-whale, balanids - tseo ka lehlakoreng le leng li ka fokotsang bokhoni ba leruarua ho tsamaea ka bolokolohi metsing.
Humpback whales e sebetsa ka molomo o otlolohileng joalo ka scoop
ebe ka leleme la hae o sutumetsa metsi ka hanong la hae joalo ka piston - metsi a phalla ka bolokolohi ka har'a leruarua, 'me li-crustaceans li sala.
Whale o tšela metsi ka plankton
'Mala oa maruarua, leha e ka ba o fapaneng, empa ka nako e ts'oanang o masene mme, joalo ka molao, ke karolo e holimo e lefifi le mmele o tlase o bobebe.
Habitat
Cetaceans ba lema maoatle ka mokhoa o fapaneng. Liphoofolo nakong ea mariha li ea metsing a futhumetseng.
Batho ka bomong ba bolokiloe ka lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse 30-100. A re boneng hore maruarua a lula hokae.
Boko le tsamaiso ea methapo ea maruarua
Maruarua a na le boko ba boholo bo lekaneng, bo hlalosoang ke taba ea hore li na le sebaka sa boko se tsoetseng pele haholo se ikarabellang bakeng sa ho utloa. Ntho ke hore maruarua a na le bokhoni ba ho khopamisa mahlo, a ba thusang ho tsamaea le ho fumana lijo botebong ba leoatle ka thuso ea molumo o hlahang nthong eo bona ka bo bona ba e sebelisang maqhubu a fapaneng.
Blue Whale Cub (Balaenoptera musculus)
Empa ho na le ketsahalo e makatsang le e sa tloaelehang mokhoeng oa maruarua eo bo-rasaense ba ntseng ba e hlakola - ke ha maruarua, joalo ka liphokojoe, a hlatsoa lebopong. Pele ho ne ho lumeloa hore ena ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ho ipolaea ea liphoofolo tsa khale kapa tse kulang. Empa liphuputso li bontšitse hore ha se maruarua 'ohle a teng hona joale mme ka linako tse ling a ka khutlisetsoa leoatleng ka thuso ea batho. Mohlomong ke ho se sebetse hantle hoa mochini oa echolocation o ba etsang hore ba nke seo e le 'nete, haholoholo hobane litsebo tse ling tse maruarung - pono le monko - ha li hlahisoe hantle, ka lebaka la eona maruarua a hlatsoitsoe lebopong.
Minke whale leqhoa la Antarctic
Sebaka sa tlhaho sa Whale
Maruarua a tloaelehile maoatleng ohle a polanete ea rona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, li tsamaea ho latela tsela eo li e ratang haholo, moo ho nang le libaka tsa ho fepa, ho nona le ho ikatisa.
Maruarua a tsamaea butle ka metsing - 10-15 km / h, empa ha kotsi e hlaha, a ka fihla ka lebelo ho fihla ho 50 km / h.
Litopo li ile tsa hlatsoa leruarua le leputsoa lebopong bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa mahlale
Tse tona le tse tšehali tse sa tsoeleng pele li ikatisa ka thoko ho maruarua, tseo ka nako ea ho hola li ba mehlape ea batho ba ka bang 15. Ho feta moo, ha li na sehlopha sa mantlha, se lumellang ho boloka likamano tse bonolo le tse nang le khotso ka har'a mohlape.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Lijo li fapane le mefuta ea cetacean:
- ichthyophages ja litlhapi,
- li-detritophages li fepa ka ntho e phelang (e seng e bolaetsoe),
- bolaea maruarua - ja litlhapi, lipinki (linoko, litau tsa leoatle), li-dolphin le li-penguin tse potlakileng.
Blue whale e putsoa
Leruarua le leputsoa le leholo ka ho fetesisa lefats'e le bolelele ba limithara tse 33 le boima ba lithane tse 150. Letlalo la 'mabole le matheba bo botšo. Lijo tsa hae ke tlhapi e nyane le plankton.
Cetaceans a fallela a le mong. Ha ba tšoha kapa ba le likotsi tse mpe ba theohela tlase ho 550 m .. Le ha batho ba phetseng hantle ba tetebela ho 100 m feela.
Leruarua le ka tlasa metsi 3/4 a bophelo. E tšehali e tsoala lesea le le leng ka mor'a lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
Blue whale ke ea nako e telele, e khona ho phela lilemo tse 80-100.
Humpback whale
Se hopotsoang sa hump fin, se file lebitso "humpback." Mmele o moputsoa o moputsoa ka matheba a sa tloaelehang ho fihlela ho 14 m, boima bo ka ba lithane tse 30, o na le hloa hloohong (hlooho) mme mpa e tšoeu.
Li ja li-mollusks, crustaceans le lihlapi tse nyane. Leruarua la humpback le etsa melumo e lerata haholo eo ho leng monate ho e utloa. E phela lilemo tse ka bang 50.
Mofuta oa mofubelu
Leruarua le fumanehang ka seoelo ke lona le nyane. O ka tlase ho lithane tse 3, le bolelele ba limithara tse 6. O na le 'mele o moputsoa o moputsoa. Masiba a pectoral a nyane, 'me hodima dorsal fin ho fihla ho 25 cm ka sebopeho sa sekele.
Karolo e ikhethang ea mofuta ona ke hore e na le 'mala o mosoeu.
Ho thata ho kopana, hobane ha e bonahale ka holim'a metsi. Leruarua lena ha le etse molumo ebile seliba se ntša nyane. O sesa butle, a inamisa 'mele oa hae ka leqhubu.
Bohlokoa! O rata ho ba boinotšing, bo fumanehang har'a maruarua a minke, hammoho le baphonyohi. Ba mo tseba ka letheba le lesoeu mohlahare (litsu).
Sperm whale
Moemeli ea khanyang oa li-cetaceans ke sperm whale. Ba lula mehlapeng, ba kenella hare ho leoatle.
Phepelo e kholo ea moea phoofolo e bolokiloe ka mokotleng oa moea, le teng ka har'a mesifa. E buisana le li-ultrasound tsa beng ka eona.
Lerata le lemetseng la sperm whale le kotsi bakeng sa mabifi a lona, le ka hohola sekepe se hoolang. Ka lebaka la ho tsoma, palo ea liphoofolo e fokotsehile haholo.
E fepa li-crustaceans, squid, lishaka tse nyane, li-mollusks, jj.
Reference! Sperm whale ke eona feela phoofolo ea lapeng moo motho e moholo a ka kenang molomong oa eona. Kotsi ea sekepe, sperm whale e metsa batho.
Beluga whale
Ena ke leruarua le bopehileng, ka lebaka la 'mala o mosoeu le ileng la fumana lebitso la "Belukha". Li phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 40, li na le mapheoana a pectoral a sebopeho sa oval.
Masea a hlaha ka 'mala o lefifi. Batho ba baholo ba na le phatla e kholo. Monyetla o ikhethang har'a maruarua ke ho tjeka lihlooho.
Ho ikatisa ha Whale
Liphoofolo li fihlela kholo ka lilemo tse 12, empa li loketse ho hlahisoa ke lilemo tse 4-5. Nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e lula e le telele ho ba batona;
Ho latela mofuta oa phoofolo, ho ima ho nka likhoeli tse 7-15.
Mariha le nakong ea pelehi, tse tšehali li fallela ka boroa metsing a futhumetseng pele ho ba batona. Ba lula moo le malinyane, 'me lehlabula le lula le le libakeng tse futhumetseng.
Lelinyane la katse e tsoaloa ke mohatla, 'me e sesa haufi le e tšehali. Lebese la Whale ke lona le mafura.
Liphoofolo tse kholo tsa leoatleng, bahloli ba maoatle ba khabisa polanete ea rona. Ho ts'oasa le ho tsoma li-cetaceans linaheng tse fapaneng hona joale ho thibetsoe ho eketsa palo ea tsona.
Cetacean squad
Cetaceans ea taelo ke sehlopha se tsotehang sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse metsing tse shebahalang joaloka tlhapi. Sebopeho sa 'mele oa bona se hlophisitsoe hantle, letlalo la bona le se na moriri, litšoelesa tsa letlalo la bona ha le eo, lipelesa tsa bona li fetotsoe linonyana,' me bona, joalo ka liphoofolo tse ling kaofela, ba phefumoloha ka matšoafo a bona. Phefumoloho e le 'ngoe, matšoafo a li-cetaceans a tletse moea ka lilithara tse likete tse 14, e leng se lumellang li-cetaceans tsa mefuta e fapaneng hore li lule tlasa metsi metsotso e 15 ho isa ho e 90.
Feie. 1. Cetacean squad
Tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ho liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang ke ena, ka mohlala, maratsoana a maputsoa a maholo ho feta tsohle a ne a le bolelele ba limithara tse 33 le boima ba lithane tse 150. Nahana: boima bona bo lekana le bongata ba litlou tse ka bang 50, ka ho hlakileng, mofuta ona ke o moholohali har'a liphoofolo tsohle tse kileng tsa ba teng.
Feie. 2. Boima le bolelele ba blue whale
Li-dolphin tse nyane haholo li na le bolelele ba limithara tse 1 le boima ba li-kilos tse 30.
Li-Cetaceans li khona ho ithuta ka litlatsetso ebile ho bonolo ho li tsamaisa esita le botebong bo tebileng.
Feie. 3. Morero oa ho hlalosoa
E tsamaisoa ka bongata, e haola le maoatle le maoatle. Mefuta e meng nakong ea ho falla e sesa ho fihlela lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 10. Tlas'a letlalo la maruarua, mokelikeli oa mafura o bokellana ho tloha lisentimitara tse 18 ho isa ho tse 50, o netefatsa hore mocheso oa 'mele o lula o le teng.
Li-whales li ikatisa hanngoe ka mor'a lilemo tse peli. Bolelele ba 'mele ba ngoana bo sa tsoa emoloa bo batla bo lekana le karolo ea boraro ea bolelele ba' mele ba mosali. Mme o fepa lesea ka lebese. Lebese la Cetacean le na le mafura a ka bang 54%, e batlang e le makhetlo a 10 ho feta a khomo. Ka hona, konyana e hola ka potlako haholo. Maruarua a fihlella kholo ea thobalano ka lilemo tse 4-6.
Feie. 4. Cub e nang le leruarua la basali
Ka kakaretso, mefuta e ka bang 90 ea li-Cetaceans tsa mehleng ena e tsejoa. Taelo ea Cetacean e arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli tsa marang-rang: Maruarua a marang-rang le makhopho a whiskered. Suborder Toothed whales e khetholloa ke boteng ba meno le nko e le 'ngoe. Molomo le leleme li nyane. Maruarua a nang le maoto a manehileng a kenyelletsa malapa a 4, ho kenyelletsa le malapa a Sperm Whale le Dolphin.
Li-dolphin tsa Lelapa
Lelapa la Dolphin ha le kenye li-cetaceans tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, tse bolelele ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 10 metres. Li-dolphin tsohle li sesa ka ho phethahetseng, li lula ka lihlopha, li tsamaea habonolo esita le metsing a nang le mathata. Ba buisana 'me ba sebelisa lipontšo tse matla tsa molumo. Li-dolphin ke libatana, li iphepa ka tlhapi. Killer whales e khona ho hlasela li-cetaceans tse ling, li-pinnipeds kapa li-penguin. Ba batlana le lijo ha ba ntse ba batla lijo.
Feie. 6. Li-dolphin tsa lelapa
Suborder Whiskers e khetholloa ke ho ba sieo ha meno, linko tse peli le ho ba teng ha leqhubu la whaleb, ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho sefa. Ha li feta ka har'a metsi, maruarua a baleen a tšoasa crustaceans le litlhapi tse nyane. Puo e kholo, e boreleli, e boima ba lithane tse 3. Sebaka se ka tlase se na le maruarua a maholo: bohlooho, bohlooho, bokhubelu, li-finwal le tse ling.
Sehlopha sa lipene
Baemeli ba lelapa la Pinniped ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tsoang metsing, leha ho le joalo, ba phomola le ho ikatisa naheng. Tlhophiso ena e kenyelletsa litau tsa leoatle, li-walruse, liqibi le litiiso tsa boea. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse kholo le tse mahareng tse bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5 ho isa ho tse 6 le boima ba lithane tse 40 ho isa ho tse 3,5.
'Mele oa bona o molelele, o hlophisehile. Hlooho e nyane, meno a bohale mme a sebeletsa ho tšoara phofu. Masoba a tsebe ha a qoelisoa metsing a koaloa. Matsoho a fetoha mapheoana. Mehala ea moriri e fapana ho tloha boea bo botenya bo nang le mafura a tšesaane litulong tsa boea ho moriri o harelaneng o fumanehang ka har'a li-walruse. Karolo e ka tlase ea mafura e boima ho cm 10. Ba fepa haholo ka li-crustaceans, tlhapi le mollusks. Hang ka selemo, ba tsoala konyana e le 'ngoe, e koahetsoeng ka thata fatše.
Feie. 7. Seal Hatchling
Ba fetoha ba holileng tsebong ka lilemo tse 3-7. Hangata li lula leoatleng le batang ebile le futhumetse. Hona joale ho na le mefuta e ka bang 30 ea li-pinnipeds. Metsoako e meholo ka ho fetisisa e fihlelloa ke liphiri tsa litlou tsa Antarctic tse bolelele ba limithara tse 6 le boima ba lithane tse 3,5. Tiiso e nyane e melelele ka ho fetisisa Arctic e bolelele ba 78 cm.
Feie. 8. Tlou ea leoatle
Feie. 9. Ringed tiiso
Ho li-pinnipeds, mefuta ea li-walruse, liqibi le litiiso li thathamisitsoe ho Buka e Khubelu ea Russia.
Sehlopha sa likepe
Khethollong ena, ho na le mefuta e 'meli feela ea litlou tse fumanehang ka bongata. Tlou ea India e na le bolelele ba limithara tse tharo le boima ba lithane tse 5.
Feie. 10. Boholo le kholo ea tlou ea India
Tlou ea Afrika ke eona e nang le liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang lefatšeng. Keketseho ha botsona ba tlou e fihla ho limithara tse 3,5, boima ba basali ka kakaretso e ka ba lithane tse tharo, mme tse tona li ka ba lithane tse hlano.
Feie. 11. Tlou ea Afrika
Karolo e ikhethang ea sebopeho sa litlou ke ho ba teng ha lithunthung. Mesebetsi e thehiloe ho li-maxillary incisors tse telele. Mesebetsi e hola bophelong bohle, mme molars e nkeloa sebaka ke e ncha lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 6- 7. Lerata le leholo le ikhethang la mesifa le hlahile liphoofolong ka lebaka la ho kenella ha nko le molomo o kaholimo. Ka kutu, litlou li phefumoloha, li noe metsi, li fumana lijo lifateng. Li khona ho phahamisa lintho tse tsoang mobung, tse nyane tse kang lipompong, le tse kholo, joalo ka logong.
Letlalo la litlou le boreleli ebile ha le na moriri. Litlou li iphepa ka lijo tsa limela. Mehlape e phela ho tloha ho tse 'maloa ho isa ho batho ba makholo a' maloa. Tlou e tsoala namane e le 'ngoe ea litlou ka mor'a lilemo tse' ne. Bongata ba kilo tse 100 le kholo e hola ho fihla ho m.M kemolo e nka likhoeli tse ka bang 22. Ba fetoha batho ba baholo ba thobalano ka lilemo tse 12 tsa bophelo.
Feie. 12. Tlou ea litlou
Sehlopha sa Predator
Liphoofolo tsa kajeno tse jang litlhapi, ho na le mefuta e ka bang 240. Kaofela ha tsona li na le 'mele o mosesaane, o bonolo, maoto a matla, hlooho e nyane e nang le molala o mokhuts'oane oa mesifa.
Feie. 13. Predatory squad
Baemeli bohle ba mokokotlo ba kopantsoe ke ho ts'oana ha sebopeho sa meno le tsela ea phepo.Ho sebelisoa mashala a malelele a matla ho tšoara phofu le ho bolaea. Habohlokoa ka ho khetheha meno a jang liphoofolo a hlaha ho liphoofolo tsena feela.
Feie. 14. Likenke tsa linonyana tse jang tse ling
Feie. 15. Meno a poriator
Palo e nyane hara baemeli ba taelo ke mefuta ea limela tse ngata, joalo ka panda e kholo, kapa mefuta e makatsang joaloka libere. Baemeli ba kholo ka ho fetesisa ke libere tse bolelele ba limithara tse tharo le boima ba ho fihlela ton. Phoofolo e nyane ka ho fetisisa ke boima ba cm cm le bolelele ba 100 g.
Liphoofolo tse jang nama li hasane hohle lik'honthinenteng tsohle tsa lefatše, ntle le Antarctic. Ba phela maemong a fapaneng haholo. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa malapa a 7, ao re tla a nka ka bere, ntja, marten le katse.
Lelapa la Canine kapa Canine le kenyelletsa lintja, liphiri, liphokojoe, lintja tsa raccoon, liphokojoe le liphokojoe tsa arctic. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse boholo bo mahareng tse nang le mozlele o molelele, maoto a malelele le mealo e sa khutleng.
Feie. 18. Lik'hasete tsa Lelapa
Li mafolofolo, joalo ka molao, bosiu kapa ka meso. Colouring ke monophonic kapa letheba, ba iphepa ka lijo tsa liphoofolo tsa canine. Phofu e beiloe leihlo, e ts'oaroe morao ebe e lelekisoa ka mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng oa monko. Mohlala, ka mohlala, phiri e ka khona ho matha ka lebelo la 50-60 km / h, 'me ka kakaretso e matha ka 20 km ka letsatsi. Ntja li tsoala hanngoe ka selemo, li tsoala tse 'ne ho isa ho tse 6,' me ka linako tse ling ho fihla ho malinyane a 15 a sa sebetseng.
Feie. 19. Leru ea fox
Bear lelapa
Lelapa la Bear le kenyelletsa mefuta e ka bang 7, mmele oa liphoofolo tsena o matla. Hlooho e sephara, molala o mokgutshwane, mohatla, o patiloeng ka kobo e boima ea phoofolo, o batla o sa bonahale.
Feie. 20. Lelapa la Bear
Libere li tloaelehile Europe, Asia le Amerika Leboea. Tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke libere tse sootho, tse ntšo le tse polar.
Feie. 21. Ho ajoa ha libere
Bear ea brown e lula Europe, Asia le Amerika Leboea. Bolelele ba eona e fihla ho limithara tse 3, mme boima ba eona bo fihla ho 750 kg. E ka ja lijo tsa limela, li-vertebrates tse nyane, ea hlasela mehlape le ho ja carrion. O phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, a le mafolofolo ka nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi. Mariha, bere ea hibernates, e ka nka likhoeli tse 4,5 ho isa ho tse 6,5.
Feie. 22. Bolelele le boima ba bere e sootho
Mariha, tse tšehali li tsoala tse 1,2 ka sekoting, ka nako e 'ngoe ho feta manamane a boima bo ka bang 500. Likonyana li tsoaloa li foufetse ebile li hloka thuso,' me li qala ho bona khoeling ea bophelo ba tsona. Lebese la mme le feptjoa ho isa ho likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Ba fetoha ba holileng tsebong ha ba le lilemo li tharo.
Feie. 23. Likubu
Lelapa la Kunyi
Lelapa la Kunya le leholo ka ho fetisisa sebakeng sena, mefuta e ka bang 70 ea ponahalo le mekhoa e fapaneng ea bophelo ke karolo ea. Bolelele ba 'mele - ho tloha ho 15 ho isa ho 150 cm, le boima - ho tloha ho ligrama tse 100 ho isa ho 40 kilogram. Li-Cunyas li na le boea bo botenya bo boholo, bongata ba tsona ke liphoofolo tse bohlokoa tsa boea.
Basomi ba bangata ba bona ba phela lefatšeng, joalo ka lintho tse bobebe, masenke, libata le liphiri. Li-Martens le tsona li rata ho tsamaea fatše, leha li hloa le ho hloella lifateng. Li-Otter le li-otter tsa leoatleng li fetohile mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa bophelo ba metsing.
Feie. 24. Lelapa la Kunyi
Lelapa la Feline
Lelapa la Feline le kenyelletsa likatse tse hlaha le malapeng, linkoe, litau, mangau, lynxes le tse ling. Ka kakaretso, mefuta e 36 ea karolo ea 4 ea genera e tsejoa. Bolelele ba 'mele oa baemeli bo tsoa ho 50 ho isa ho 380 cm. Boima bo tsoa ho 1.5 ho isa ho 275 kg. Bolelele ba mohatla bo tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 115 cm.
Mmele oa katse oa tenyetseha, o bolelele, o nang le hlooho e nyane e chitja. Maoto a malelele, lipekere tse bohale li ka busetsoa, mohatla le ona o molelele, hangata o koaheloa ke moriri. A ka tsoma a le mong kapa ka lihlopha.
Cheetah ke ea likatse - phoofolo e potlakileng ka ho fetisisa naheng, e ka fihla ka lebelo ho fihla ho 110 km / h. Ho tšolla 'mala, ho letheba kapa le metsero. Cheetahs tsoala hang ka selemo, tšehali e tsoala malinyane a 3 ho isa ho a 9 a fokolang, a foufetseng hape a se na thuso. Ba ba ba hola ka thobalano ka selemo kapa se le seng sa halofo ea bophelo, ba phela lilemo tse 15, hangata hangata ho fihlela lilemo tse 30.
Mefuta e 16 e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Russia ho tsoa ho Predatory order, ho kenyelletsa le phiri e khubelu, libere tse tšoeu le Himalayan, li-otter tsa leoatle, liaparo, katse ea Amur le lehloa lehloa.
Feie. 25. Khubelu ea Wolf
Feie. 26. Heriayan bere
Haholoanyane ka Cetaceans
Lelapa la khale la maruarua a mehleng ea kajeno ke marang-rang a noka. Baemeli ba eona ba na le koena e moqotetsane, e phahameng le hlooho e tsamaeang haholo. Li iphepa ka litlhapi, khetla le liboko, tse atisang ho cheka mobung o seretse. Ba lula linokeng tsa Amerika Boroa, India le China.
Ho letsa mololi nakong e fetileng ho bile le karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa linaha tse ling tse mahlonoko. Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea whale e ne e ntlafala ka potlako, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha lipalo tsa bona. Setopo sa whale kaofela se ne se sebetsoa, empa spermaceti e ne e ratoa haholo. Lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, maruarua a ka bang limilione tse 2,5 a ile a tšoaroa.
Ho ba sireletsa hore ba se felisoe, ho ile ha tekanoa selekane sa machabeng ka 1946 ho laola liphofu, empa palo ea maruarua a ile a tsoela pele ho theoha, 'me ka 1985 bohle ba cetaceans ba ile ba emisoa ka ho felletseng. Mefuta e mengata ea lits'oants'o e thathamisitsoe libukeng tse khubelu ebile e sirelelitsoe ka thata.
Haholoanyane ka litlou
Litlou tse hlaha naheng ea India lia ts'oaroa, lia tsuoa ebile li sebelisetsoa mosebetsi o boima. Ho tsoma litlou ha hoa lumelloa hohle, leha ho le joalo, ho sa natsoe libaka tsa polokelo ea naha, libaka tsa polokeho ea naha le mekhoa eohle ea ts'ireletso, masholu a ntse a tsoela pele ho senya litlou bakeng sa manaka a tsona a tlou kapa manaka a litlou.
Ka thibelo khoebong ea manaka a litlou, tlhahiso ea limela tsa mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e eketsehile haholo, sebaka se ka sehloohong sa meepo ke tundra ea Russia mabopong a Noka ea Lena. Ka 2009, thekiso ea masapo a mammoth a tsoang Russia e ile ea fihla ho lithane tse ka bang 60.
Malapa a mang a tlatlapang
Lelapa la Raccoon le kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse boholo bo bohareng tse nang le 'mele o bonolo o melelele, mohatla o molelele, ka linako tse ling. Karolo e bohelehele ea li-raccoon ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho ts'oara lintho tse nyane ka matsoho a bona ka menoana e tenang. Lelapa lena le kenyelletsa li-raccoon, linko, le panda e nyane. Lelapa le tšoana le canine, bere le kunim.
Lelapa la Hyena le kopanya mefuta e mene feela, leha e tšoana le lintja, empa li amana haufi haholo le lelapa la likatse. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse kholo, bolelele ba 'mele - ho tloha ho 55 ho isa ho 165 cm, boima - ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 80 kg. Mefuta e meraro ho tse 'ne e iphepa ka lihoete le liphoofolo tse fokolang, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ea tatellano.
Kakaretso ea Thuto
Kahoo, thuto ena e ile ea hlahloba likarolo tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse metsing le tse phelang lefatšeng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho le metsing.
Libuka
1. Latyushin V.V., Shapkin V.A. Biology. Liphoofolo. Mophato oa 7. - M: Bustard, 2011.
2. Sonin N.I., Zakharov VB Biology. Mefuta ea lintho tse phelang. Liphoofolo. Mophato oa borobeli. - M: Bustard, 2009.
Likhokahanyo tse ling tse khothalletsoang ho lisebelisoa tsa inthanete
1 Classified ea Mammalian (Mohloli)
4. Porpoises (Mohloli)
Mosebetsi oa sekolo o etsoang hae
1. Ke liphoofolo life tseo e leng li-cetaceans? Ba bonahala joang?
2. Thathamisa lethathamo la malapa a bapalami. Baemeli ba bona ba fumanoa sebakeng sa heno?
3. Ke liphoofolo life tseo e leng li-proboscis? Ke lihlopha life tseo u li tsebang tse amanang le uena tse amanang le lefutso?
4. Fana ka linoko tse u li tsebang. Ke efe ea tsona e fumanehang sebakeng sa Russian Federation?
5. Buisanang le metsoalle le ba lelapa hore na ke hobane'ng ha liphoofolo tse kang maruarua, litlou le libere e le karolo ea sehlopha sa Mamalimane. Sehlopha sena se bile teng joang?
Haeba u fumana phoso kapa sehokelo se senyehile, ka kopo re tsebise - etsa tlatsetso ea hau molemong oa kholo ea projeke.
Sebopeho sa whale
Ho li-cetaceans tsohle, 'mele o na le sebopeho sa lerotholi le phahameng, le li fa glide e bonolo kholomong ea metsi. Hlooho e kholo e nang le rostrum e moqotetsane le e bobebe e lumella leruarua hore le khaoloe metsing ha le sesa. Linko li tsamaisoa haufi le moqhaka oa hlooho, 'me mahlo a manyane ho feta' mele. Batho ba fapaneng ba fapana ka sebopeho sa meno. Maruarua a nang le meno a marang-rang a nang le meno a bonojoana bo bonojoana, 'me maruarua a loileng ho e-na le meno a tloaelehileng a sefa metsi, ka hona a fumana lijo a sebelisa lipolanete tsa lesapo (kapa leruarua la letsoho)
Letlalo la leruarua le fana ka polasetiki e ikhethang le bokhoni ba ho etsa lintho ka lebaka la sebopeho sa spongy le elasticity ea li-disc tsa intervertebral disc. Hlooho ea 'mele ntle le thipa ea molala, ho ea mohatleng' mele o fetoha mosesane. Phoofolo ea tonanahali ea fetoha le mapetsoana ka thuso ea makhopho, a fetotsoeng ho tsoa ho makhopho a pectoral. Ts'ebetso ea enjene e etsoa ke mohatla, e tšoauoa ka sebopeho se bataletseng, ho tenyetseha ho feteletseng le mesifa e ntlafalitsoeng hantle. Qetellong ea sebaka sa caudal, mabone a fumaneha ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Maruarua a mangata a sebelisa mohatla oo a nang le oona ho tsitsisa motsamao oa ona tlas'a metsi.
Moriri le bristles li hola feela lifahlehong tsa maru a baleen, 'mele o koahetsoe ka letlalo le boreleli le le se nang moriri. 'Mala oa letlalo la phoofolo e ka ba monophonic, anti-moriti - top e lefifi le tlase e bobebe, kapa letheba. Ka lilemo, maruarua a ka fetola 'mala oa letlalo la' ona. Li-Cetaceans ha li na li-receptor tse bolila, 'me li-receptor tsa tatso ha li hlahisoe hantle. Leruarua le khetholla feela tatso ea lijo tse letsoai, ha liphoofolo tse ling li na le mefuta e felletseng ea lilomo. Pono e fosahetseng le myopia e atisang ho koaheloa ka botlalo ke litšoelesa tse kopaneng. Ho utloa ha phoofolo ea tonanahali ho khetholla melumo ho tloha lerata le sa utloeng litsebeng ho ea maqhubu a ultrasound, ka lebaka la sebopeho se rarahaneng sa tsebe ea tsebe. Tlas'a letlalo ho na le palo e kholo ea methapo, e fang phoofolo kelello e ntle haholo ea ho ama.
Maruarua a buisana ka bomong ka ho hlalosoa ka mantsoe. Ho haella ha likhoele tsa lentsoe ha hoa ka ha thibela leruarua ho buisana le batho ba bang ka ho letsa melumo. Karolo ea sebopeho le lense ea molumo e etsoa ke mokato oa mafura masapong a konkreite ea lehata. Maruarua a na le metsamao e tsamaeang butle, empa ka linako tse ling lebelo la 'ona a ka fihla lik'hilomithara tse mashome a mane ka hora.
Mocheso oa 'mele oa whale ha oa itšetleha ka tikoloho, tsena ke liphoofolo tse mali tse futhumetseng. Mokelikeli o teteaneng oa mafura a sirelletsang khahlanong le ho omisoa ke li-cetaceans. Matšoafo a maholo a nang le mesifa e tsoetseng pele hantle a lumella liphoofolo ho phela tlas'a metsi ho tloha metsotso e leshome ho isa ho hora le halofo. Ha e tsamaea ka holim'a leoatle, leruarua le ntša moea oo mocheso oa lona o phahameng haholo ho feta moea o ba potileng. Ke kahoo nakong ea ho hema, seliba se hlaha - ngata ea secensate, 'me ka eona, ka lebaka la matla a phahameng, phala e honotha liphoofolong tse ling tse kholo.
Maruarua a lula hokae?
Sebaka sa maruarua ke maoatle a lefatše. Li-mammary li hasantsoe hohle, empa maemong a batang a mangata a ea metsing a futhumetseng 'me a lula haufi le lebopo. Tsena ke liphoofolo tsa mehlape, tse ratang ho phela ka lihlopha hammoho le mashome a 'maloa kapa batho ba makholo. Maruarua a falla ho latela nako ea selemo. Mariha le nakong ea moalo, maruarua le a basali a ona a sesa metsing a futhumetseng, 'me hlabula a le metsing a leholimo a futhumetseng kapa a phahameng.
Maruarua a ja eng?
Phepo e nepahetseng ea Whale e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa eona. Plankton e khethoa ke planktophages; mollusks e ba lijo tsa teutophages. Ho fepa ka litlhapi tse phelang ho li-ichthyophageges, lintho tse bonojoana tse bonojoang li sebelisa li-detritophages. Killer whales ke bona feela baemeli ba li-cetaceans tse tsomang eseng feela bakeng sa lihlapi, empa hape le li-pinnipeds tse kang litiiso, li-penguin le litau tsa leoatle. Li-dolphin le bana ba tsona le tsona e ka ba liphofu tsa maraba a bolaeang.
Whale whale
E mong oa baemeli ba li-cetaceans ke whale whale. Lebitso la phoofolo le tsoa 'mala oa eona. Malinyane a Beluga a tsoaloa a e-na le letlalo le lefifi le leputsoa, ebe le fetoha le leputsoa, 'me batho ba baholo ba na le' mala o mosoeu o hloekileng. Phoofolo e na le hlooho e nyane e nang le phatla e phahameng. Leruarua la beluga le ka retelletsa hlooho, kaha methapo ea eona ea popelong ha e sebelisoe. Boholo ba maruarua ha a na monyetla o joalo. Phoofolo ha e na pheletso ea dorsal, 'me masiba a manyane a pectoral a na le sebopeho. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsena, lebitso la phoofolo e anyesang ho tsoa Selatine e fetoleloa e le "dolphin e se nang mapheo". Lilemo tse mashome a mararo ho isa ho mashome a mane - bongata ba maruarua ana a phela.
Maruarua ana a phela libakeng tse batang haholo, empa ka linako tse ling oa tsamaea. Maruarua a Beluga a qeta lehlabula ebe a ea lebopong, libakeng tsa ho qhibiliha le ho fepa. Nakong ea ho qhibiliha, maruarua a itlotsa ka metsing a sa tebang khahlanong le liphaephe tsa leoatle, ka hona a leka ho tšolla letlalo la khale. Selemo se seng le se seng, maruarua a maruarua a etela libaka tse tšoanang, a hopola sebaka seo a tsoaletsoeng ho sona, moo a khutlelang teng ka mor'a mariha. Mariha, maruarua a lula libakeng tse boreleli, a feta leqhoeng le tšesaane ka matsoho a tsona a matla. Empa ka linako tse ling ha lengana le lengata le huloa ke leqhoa le leholo, li-belugas li ka oela botlamuoeng ba leqhoa. Kotsi e hlahisoa ke libere tse polar le maruarua a bolaeang, tseo e ka bang li-whale tsa beluga e ba lijo. Ho falla ha whale ho etsahala ka lihlopha tse peli: ho e 'ngoe ho na le basali ba' maloa ba nang le malinyane, ho sa bobeli ho na le banna ba baholo. Puisano lipakeng tsa batho ka bomong e etsoa ho sebelisoa melumo e llang le ho opa liatla ka metsing. Nakong ea thuto ea maruarua a beluga, ho bile le mefuta e fetang mashome a mahlano ea melumo eo a e phatlalatsang.
Killer whales
Bafuputsi ba bangata ba ntse ba ngangisana ka hore na whale ea bolaeang ke mang kapa mang ke dolphin. Ho sa tsotelehe hore whale ea 'molai e bitsoa whale ea' molai mecheng ea litaba le bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba marang-rang, phoofolo ena ke ea li-dolphin. Phoofolo ena e ferekantsoe ke leruarua ka lebaka la sebopeho sa 'ona: li-dolphin li na le mapheo a malelele a bohale,' me ho leruarua la polao li pota-potiloe ka bophara.
Ho tsubella le maruarua maruarua
Leruarua ke phoofolo e nyalanang e tsoalang hang ka mor'a lilemo tse peli. Phoofolo e anyesang e phela ka botlalo ha e le lilemo li leshome le metso e 'meli, empa e na le monyetla oa ho ikatisa ha e le lilemo li' ne. Balekane ba selemo ho pota selemo sohle, ka hona nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e telele haholo. Boimana bo tsoela pele ho latela mefuta ea cetacean mme bo ka nka likhoeli tse supileng ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano. Bakeng sa tsoalo ea bana, tse tšehali li fallela metsing a futhumetseng.
Ka lebaka la ho beleha, ho hlaha katse e le 'ngoe, e sieang mohatla oa mosali pele. Lesea le hlahileng le ba le monyetla oa ho itsamaela ka bolokolohi, empa le lula le le haufi le 'm'a lona. Leruarua le fepuoa tlasa metsi, hobane lebese la whale le na le letsoai le lengata haholo, ka lebaka leo ha le qhibilihe ka metsing. Lesea kamora ho fepa le batla le imenne habeli ka boholo. Nakong eohle ea lijo, 'm'a le malinyane a tsamaea le e tona.