Naheng ea Russia, ho na le li-depositi tsa Atlantic subsidence ea grey seal e sebakeng sa Murmansk. Ka linako tse ling subspecies e fumanoa seterekeng sa Arkhangelsk, metsing a Franz Josef Land, Bohemian Bay, Kara le White Seas, sehlekehlekeng sa Novaya Zemlya. Li-subspecies tsa Baltic li lula Leoatleng la Baltic, Koung ea Finland, Bothnia le Koung ea Riga. Lihlahisoa tsa ho aha sebakeng se lebopong la leoatle mabopong a mafika. Baltic seal e ikatisa ka leqhoa le sa potlakileng (le sa sisinyeheng), le tiiso ea Atlantic - mabopong a bonolo, a majoe.
Matšoao a kantle
Lebitso le leng la tiiso e putsoa ke tiiso e bolelele bo bolelele, kapa tevak. Ha ho bapisoa le litiiso tse ling, mofuta oa bohlooho o na le sefahleho se phahameng ho feta. Liphoofolo tsena li kholo haholo ho feta balekane ba tsona. Bolelele ba 'mele oa tsona bo fihla ho 2,5 m, mme boima bo tloha ho 150 ho isa ho 300 kg. Mmala oa bona o fapana haholo. Matheba a fapaneng, boholo le mebala e hasantsoe le boea ka boteng.
Mokhoa oa bophelo
Bakeng sa ho ikatisa, meqomo e putsoa e theha harems. Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, baratani le bona ke ketsahalo e tloaelehileng. Kamora ho ima nako e telele (hoo e ka bang likhoeli tse 11.5), mosali o fepa lesea ka lebese nako e khuts'oane haholo - hoo e ka bang libeke tse peli. Malinyane a hlaha hangata hangata bosiu. Haeba, pele ho hora kamora ho beleha, ho na le ntho e tšoenyang mosali, o tla tlohela ngoana oa hae ka ho sa feleng. Ka ho tseba tšobotsi ena, litsomi le basebetsi ba polokelong ba leka ho se khathatse khotso ea litiiso. Lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 20, le na le 'mala o mosoeu o bolila.
Motheo oa lijo tsa bona ke tlhapi. Hering, cod, hake, capelin, goby, salmon - kaofela ha tsona e tla ba liphofu tsa tiiso e putsoa. Ntle le moo, o bona hantle esita le metsing a seretse. Liphoofolo tsena ka linako tse ling li sebelisa lipontšo tsa khopolo-taba, karabelo eo e e hlahlobang ho sebelisoa melumo e mahlonoko. Hang ha tiiso e qoela, sekhahla sa pelo se fokotseha, ka lebaka la poloko ea oksijene, e ka lula tlasa metsi ka nako e ka etsang metsotso e 20. Ho na le nyeoe e tsejoang ha mosali oa tiiso ena a phela lilemo tse 28, le e motona ho isa ho lilemo tse 41.
Bukeng e khubelu ea Russia
Baltic subspecies ea grey seal e kotsing ea ho felisoa haufinyane, palo ea liphoofolo tsena e bohlokoa ebile ho hlokahala mehato e potlakileng ho li boloka. Boemo ka li-subspecies tsa Atlantic ha bo bobe haholo. Bukeng e khubelu ea Russia, e abeloa karolo ea boraro ea poloko, empa kantle ho sebaka sa Russia mofuta ona o atile haholo. Ho tloha ka 1975, ho tsoma ha litiiso tse bohlooho, ho tsoma le ho tsoma lipapali tsa bo-ramatsete ho thibetsoe. Leha ho le joalo ka nako e loketseng ea polao ea tiiso e putsoa ho tlameha ho tlameha Ho ne ho lumeloa hore liphoofolo tsena li senya metšoasi ea litlhapi.
Taba e khahlang
Mehleng ea Soviet Union, lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso ea liphoofolo tse metsing a maoatleng li qalile Setsing sa Bongaka sa Tlhaho ea Murmansk. Bo-rasaense ba Murmansk ba ithutile ho bonoa le bokhoni ba mefuta ea lehae, ho kenyelletsa le li-pinnipeds. Liteko tsena li ne li ikhethile ts'ebetsong ea lefats'e. Ho la USA, ke ile ka ba le boikoetliso ba ho koetlisa litau le likepe tsa leoatleng. Empa bo-rasaense ba Russia ba sebelitse le baemeli ba lelapa la tiiso la nnete ka lekhetlo la pele. Linoko tsa bana li ile tsa fetoha liithuti tse hloahloa. Ba khona ho tšoara ka hlooho le ho etsa litaelo ka boikokobetso, ba theohela botebong bo boholo 'me ba palame sekepe ka mor'a sekepe, ba nts'etsa lebelo la ho fihla ho 40 km / h.
Ka ho putlama ha USSR ka 1990, "mabotho a khethehileng a pina" a ile a khaotsa ho khahla mmuso. Empa e se e le ka 1997, mohato o mocha oa liteko sebakeng sa metsi setsing sa likepe o qalile: Red Stones aqua-polygon e thehiloe mona. Ringed seal le grey seal li ile tsa fetoha lintoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa. Malinyane a khethoa pele libakeng tsa 'ona tsa tlhaho ha a tloha lebese la' m'e ho ea lijong tse tiileng. Ho feta moo, mokoetlisi o se a ntse a fepa tiiso ka tlhapi ka boikemelo - ona ke mohato oa pele le oa bohlokoahali oa ho ts'oasa. Ho etsa liqibi, ba khona ho etsa lintho tse 'maloa tse rarahaneng: ho tsoa ka har'a sethala ebe ba khutla, ba kenya lisebelisoa tse khethehileng. Ba tlameha ho phetha litaelo ka sethaleng, ba kene metsing hape ka taelo, ba bone lintho tse likhohola ebe ba khutlela ho mokoetlisi. Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa liqibi ke ho paterola libaka tsa metsi le ho hlahloba libaka tse ka tlas'a metsi.
Tlhaloso le Nutla
Seal Gray (Nilichoerus grypus) - moemeli o moholo oa litiiso tsena, bolelele ba 'mele oa hae ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 3 m, boima ho tloha ho 150 ho isa ho 300 kg. Li-seal tsa Grey li fepa haholo ka litlhapi, li-invertebrates ka mpeng tsa tsona ha li fumanehe ebile li le ngata - tsena ke mefuta ea squid, crab le shrimp. Leoatleng la Baltic, liqibi tsena li ka ja cod, herring, eel, bream, litlhapi tsa salmon le cod le pinagora metsing a lebopong la Murmansk.
Habitat
Tiiso ea Grey E ajoa haholo tikolohong e futhumetseng ea North Atlantic, e fumaneha hoo e batlang e le Leoatleng lohle la Baltic, ho kenyeletsoa Kou ea Finland, Riga le karolo e 'ngoe ea Kou ea Matebele. Ka ntle ho Leoatle la Baltic ka bochabela ho Atlantic, liqibi tse bohlooho li lula ho tloha Channel ea Senyesemane ho ea Leoatleng la Barents, li lula metsing a leoatle a Great Britain le Ireland, Orkney, Hebrides, Shetland le Faroe Islands, 'me li fumaneha lebopong la Iceland, Central and Northern Norway. Naheng ea Russia, liqibi tsena li lula lebopong la Murmansk ho tloha moeling le Norway ho ea monyakong o ka bophirimela ho Leoatle le Letšo, hammoho le lihlekehlekeng tse ngata tse fumanehang metsing a lebopong. Selemo ho pota, li-pinnipeds tsena li phela maemong a letsoai le tlaase la metsi a leoatle.
Ho tsala
Litiiso tse putsoa theha lipara tse tsitsitseng. Mefuteng ena, phapang ea linako tsa ho ikatisa, e sa tloaelehang bakeng sa li-pinnipeds, ha e bonoe eseng ho liphoofolo tse tsoang libakeng tse fapaneng feela, empa le ho liphoofolo tse tsoang bongata bo le bong. Pejana ho ba bang, bana ba basali ba likepe tsa Baltic, ba ikatisang ka leqhoa la Leoatle la Baltic, ba tlisa bana ba bona, bongata ba bona bo qhala bofelong ba Pherekhong - Hlakubele. Hoo e batlang e le likarolong tse ling tsohle tsa mefuta-futa, ho ikatisa ho etsahala naheng kamora nako e telele haholo. Ho ima ka tiiso e putsoa ho nka likhoeli tse 11, tseo ho tsona (ho fanoang ka ho lieha ho kenella), lesea le ba le likhoeli tse fetang tse 9. Liemahale tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li na le bolelele ba limithara tse 1 mme li koahetsoe ke moriri o motšo o mosoeu - ka hona li bitsoa squirrels.
Ponahalo
'Mala oa seaparo sa batho ba holileng tsebong o fapana haholo ho ea ka sebaka sa bolulo, bong le lilemo. Boholo ba litiiso bo bohlooho ka bohlooho, empa meriti e ka ba eng kapa eng ho tloha ho o moputsoa ho ea ho o motenya. Hoo e batlang e le batho ba batšo ka linako tse ling ba fumanoa.
Mekhoa ea Bolutu le Phallo
Bongata ba liphoofolo tsena li lula North Atlantic, e leng sebaka se futhumetseng sa eona. Hohle moo ba fumanehang Leoatleng la Baltic. Sena se kenyelletsa Bothnian (eseng kaofela), Riga le Gulf ea Finland. Liemahale li boetse li tloaelehile ho tloha Leoatleng la Barents ho ea ho English Channel; hape li ka fumanoa lebopong la Ireland le England. Ntle le moo, Faroe, Orkney, Shetland le Hebrides le bona e ne e le mekhelo. Li lula metsing a leoatle a Central le Northern Norway, hammoho le Iceland. Kahoo, tiiso e putsoa e fumanoa libakeng tse ngata. Boholo ba eona bo pharalletse.
Ho na le likarolo tse peli tsa liqibi tse putsoa: Baltic, e lulang leoatleng le nang le lebitso le le leng, le Atlantic, e lulang metsing a Europe.
Liphoofolo tsee li ja eng?
Litiiso tse nang le matsoho a malelele li ja litlhapi haholo, ha li jella nama e ngata hangata eseng hanyane hanyane. Li boetse li ja shrimp, crab le mefuta e meng ea squid. Leoatleng la Baltic ho na le lijo tse ngata bakeng sa bona: cod, eels, salmon, herring, bream.
Boemo ba ho boloka
Likosepele ka bobeli tsa tiiso e nang le sefahleho se telele (bobeli ba Atlantic le Baltic) li kenyellelitsoe ho Red Book of Russia. Ho ts'oasa lihlapi bakeng sa setsi sa baltic grey Russia ho Baltic le lebopong la Murmansk Leoatleng la Barents ho thibetsoe ho tloha ka 1970. Libaka tsa ho ikatisa tsa liqibi (li-deposits) le tsona li sirelelitsoe - Leoatleng la Barents mona ke sebaka sa Lihlekehleke tse Supileng tsa Setereke sa Kandalaksha.
Hoa hlokahala ho theha libaka tse joalo tsa khutso lebopong la Ghuba ea Finland le Riga ea Leoatle la Baltic.
Palo eohle ea mefuta ke batho ba likete tse 120-170, li-subspecies tsa Baltic - likete tse 7-8.
Sheba le motho
Kamora ho thunya ho thibetsoe, ntho e ka sehloohong e sitisang ts'oaetso ea bohlooho ke ts'ebetso e matla ea motho libakeng tseo liphoofolo tsena li lulang ho tsona, haholoholo, tšilafalo e kholo ea metsi a leoatle ka litšila tsa indasteri le tsa temo.
Tšusumetso ea lits'ireletso tse telele tse telele tsa ho ts'oasa litlhapi ha li na tharollo ka lebaka la lipalo tse tlase haholo tsa litiiso tsena.
Ho jaleha
Mefuta e fapaneng ea litiiso tse putsoa e koahela sebaka se futhumetseng sa North Atlantic. Nakong e fetileng, e ne e bonahala e ajoa mabopong a Amerika Leboea le Europe leboea, empa hajoale sebaka seo se arotsoe ka libaka tse 3 tse hole. E 'ngoe e Lebopong la Atlantic ka thoko ho lebopo la Amerika, Koung ea St. Lawrence le Greenland, e' ngoe e le Atlantic haufi le lebopo la Britane lihlekehleke tsa Scandinavia, lebopong la Murmansk le Svalbard. Ka metsing a Russia, litiiso tsa subspecies tsena li fumaneha lebopong la Murmansk ho tloha moeling le Norway ho ea molaleng oa Leoatle le Letšo. 'Me qetellong, karolo ea boraro e hokahane le Leoatle la Baltic, ho kenyelletsa le lits'oants'o tsohle tsa lona. Baltic seal e etsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng.
Lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng
Ho feptjoa ha tiiso e bohlooho e batla e entsoe ka litlhapi, ka bobeli li phaphametse moqomong oa metsi le tlase. Ho na le bopaki ba hore litiiso tsena li ngata haholo 'me li ka ja litlhapi tse ngata ka letsatsi ha li ikala. Empa libakeng tse ling tsa polokelo ea litiiso tsena, lijo tsa bona li na le litlhapi tse ngata, tseo ho hlakileng hore li lekane. Litiiso tse kholo li thunngoa pele ke boea bo bosoeu phatleng, ebe li jelloa ka likarolo. (Har'a tse ratoang haholo bakeng sa litiiso tse putsoa ke eel, herring ea Atlantic, salmon, cod, pinagor, le flounder). Litlhapi tse nyane le li-eels tse nyane li li koenya kaofela. Li-serey tsa Gray li ka tsoma ka botebo ba limilimithara tse 100, ke ka lebaka leo mefuta ea lihlapi tsa benthic e kenyelitsoeng lijong tsa bona. Tlas'a metsi, a ka ba teng ho fihlela metsotso e 20. Hangata, liqibi tse putsoa ha li jang li-invertebrates tsa metsing - squid, crab le shrimp. Ka kakaretso, lijo tsa litiiso tse putsoa li fapana haholo ho latela lilemo tsa liphoofolo, le ka nako ea selemo le maemo a lehae.
Bophelo ba Zoo
Litiiso tse tharo tse putsoa li fihlile Zoo ea Moscow ka Pulungoana 2015. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse nyane - tse tšehali le tse tona, boima ba tsona hona joale ha bo feta 70kg. Ba amohetsoe ho tsoa Riga Zoo, empa ba hlahetse naheng. Kaha sebaka seo ba tsoaletsoeng ho sona e kanna ea ba Kou ea Riga ea Leoatle la Baltic, ke karolo ea lipeeletso tsa Baltic.
Hona joale li bolokiloe kahare e bulehileng ka letangoana la ho sesa sebakeng sa Old Territory pela sedikadikwe.
Litlhapi tse fapaneng li kenyelelitsoe lijong, joale li na le lik'hilograma tse 3 ka letsatsi, nakong e tlang, ha liphoofolo li hola, lijo li tla eketsoa ho isa ho tse 6 kg tsa litlhapi ka letsatsi. Litiiso tse nyane li metsitsoe li felletse, 'me tse kholo li khaoloa likoto, empa tsona li se li qalile ho e tabola, li sebelisa likhalase phatleng.
Litiiso tsa mofuta ona li hlahile sebakeng sa pele sa Zoo ea Moscow.
Tšobotsi
Bolelele ba botona bo ka ba bolelele ba 2,5 m (ka seoelo - ho fihlela ho 3 m kapa ho feta), tse tšehali li 1,7-2-2m. Boima ba ba batona bo fihla ho 300 kg kapa ho feta, mme tse tšehali li 100-150 kg. Mohlala o molelele, 'mala o moputsoa kapa o sootho ka linako tse ling, ka linako tse ling o batla o le motšo, mpa e bobebe. Kholo ea thobalano ho banna e etsahala kamora lilemo tse 6-7, ho basali - ka lilemo tse 3-5. Boimana ke likhoeli tse 11-11,5. Malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa a tšoeu. Libeke tse 'maloa ka mor'a ho beleha, e tšehali e ka nyaloa hape. Litiiso li iphepa haholo ka litlhapi (ho fihlela ho 5 kg ka letsatsi) - cod, flounder, salmon, herring, stingrays, hangata hangata - makhala le squid tse nyane.
