Ho tloha monko feela oa lijana tse tsoang ho mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo, ho sesa ho qala ho phalla ho tse ngata. Tlhapi ena e na le nama e bonolo, e monate, e nang le mafura a mangata, e monko o monate ebile e na le lero e se nang masapo a manyane a joalo a sa thabiseng, ebile a kotsi.

Sehlahisoa sena se entsoe ka makotikoti, sechu, se apehoe, se omisitsoe le letsoai, se nepahetse ka sebopeho se halikiloeng ebile e le motsoako o ka sehloohong oa sopho ea lihlapi. Mathata a hlophisitsoeng ka tsela ena a khona ho fa likokoana-hloko tsa rona khetho e kholo ea lintho tsa bohlokoa.

'Me mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho ja o khothaletsoa ke lingaka bakeng sa maloetse a mangata. Empa ehlile, re ne re ke ke ra bona ntho e kang ena leha e le ka torong, hoja e ne e se ka rona Litlhapi tsa mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo, seo ha se ice cream kapa sehlahisoa se secha se robetseng ka mabenkeleng, empa ke moemeli ea phelang oa liphoofolo tse metsing tse tsoang lelapeng la li-mackerel tsa pere, moahi oa leoatle.

Sebopuoa sena se na le sekala se nyane se sirelelitsoeng, 'mele o molelele, se phethela ka pele ka hlooho e nang le ntlha' me e katiloe haholo ka morao. Masiba a bosootho bo bonojana a tsoa mohatleng joalo ka folakha e katiloeng.

Li hlophisitsoe joalo ka ha eka li sengoathoana ho tloha lesapong. Ka morao e na le marikhoe a mabeli: bokapele bo bokhutshwane le mokokotlo o molelele ka masiba a bonolo. Sefubeng sa tlhapi, matsetse a mokhutshwane. Hlooho ea hae e kholo ho feta, mahlakore ka bobeli ho na le mahlo a chitja a nang le setsi se lefifi. Molomo oa li-mackerel tsa pere e kholo. Mokokotlo oa hae o na le 'mala o moputsoa,' me mpa e bobebe, e na le silevera.

Tlhaho e ne e sirelletsa libopuoa tsena ho liphoofolo tse jang nama, e fana ka lehlakoreng la 'mele ea eona ka setlama sa sawtooth, ke hore, mola oa li-spikes tse kentsoeng plathin ea masapo, hammoho le masapo a mabeli mokokotlong oa caudal. Ka karolelano, litlhapi li ka ba 25 cm ka boholo, 'me boima ba tsona ha li na boima bo fetang g 500. Leha ho le joalo ho na le li-boima tsa kilo,' me boima ba 2 kg li nkuoa e le rekoto.

Mackerel ea leoatle le lesooa e nka karoloana e nyane ea mackerel ea Mediterranean. Ka bobeli ba bona ke ba lelapa la li-mackerel tsa lipere, tseo baemeli ba tsona ba lulang libakeng tsa leoatle tsa Baltic, Leboea le tse ling, ntle le tse seng li bontšitsoe ka lebitso la mofuta oa batho ba batšo le ba Mediterranean. Litlhapi tse joalo li lula metsing a leoatle la India, Pacific, Atlantic, li fumaneha lebopong la Afrika, Amerika le Australia. Ka kakaretso, mofuta ona o arotsoe ka mefuta e fetang leshome.

Baemeli ba mofuta oa mofuta ba ka fapana ka boholo, palo le sebopeho sa meutloa, sebopeho sa 'mele, leha kaofela ha tsona li na le lehlakore le sothehileng, hammoho le' mala o fapaneng ho tloha ho putsoa-putsoa ho isa ho o mosoeu, o ntse o ahile ke sebaka, seo hangata se bitsoang lebitso la mefuta . Mohlala, ho na le Atlantic, Japan, Peruvian kapa Chilean, hammoho le mackerels a lipere tse ka boroa. E qetellang e lula metsing a leoatle a futhumetseng a Australia le Amerika Boroa.

Ke 'nete, ho thata ho theha lithibelo le lithibelo tse hlakileng mona, hobane litlhapi li sesa kae kapa kae mme ho ka se khonehe ho latela ka nepo litsela tsa ho tloha ha tsona. Ka hona, mohlala, li-mackerels tsa Atlantic hangata li fumanoa metsing a Leoatle le Letšo, Leboea kapa la Baltic, le sesa moo ho tsoa leoatleng.

Le mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo le eona e rata ho etela libaka. Ho lumeloa hore nako le nako, lilemong tse likete tse 'maloa tse fetileng, litlhapi tse joalo le tsona li ile tsa tsamaea ka sekepe ho tloha Atlantic. Ba ile ba kena Leoatleng le Letšo ho pholletsa le Mediterranean mme ba tsoela pele ho hasana le ho feta.

Phapang pakeng tsa litho tsa genus stavrid le eona e kholo. Empa mona ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e bobebe, 'me ho itšetleha ka mokhoa o joalo: ha bonyane molumo oa sebaka seo metsi a litlhapi a lulang ho sona, a manyane ka boholo bo itekanetseng. Baemeli ba baholo ka ho fetisisa ba mofuta oa lipere tsa mackerel, boholo ba baahi ba leoatle, ba ka fihla ho boima ba li-1,8 kg mme ba hola ho fihla ho 70 cm ka bolelele.

Maemong a ikhethang boholo ba li-mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo e khona ho fihlela cm 60. Li-mackerels tsa lipere li fapana ka tatso, hobane e anngoe haholo ke sebopeho sa metsi ao baemeli bana ba bophelo ba metsing ba lulang ho ona.

Mokhoa oa bophelo le Habitat

Ho se ho ntse ho hlakile hore tikoloho eo li-mackerels li khonang ho ba teng ka katleho, ho ikatisa le ho hasana ke metsi a letsoai la maoatle le maoatle, ntle le ka 'nete lipalesa tsa tsona tse batang, hobane ke ka tsela e futhumetseng hore tlhapi ena e mela hantle haholo ebile e thabile.

Empa maemong a mang, metsi a letsoai a loketse sebaka sa lihlapi tse joalo. Lintho tsa morao-rao li etsahala ha baeti bana ba metsi ba kena libakeng tseo linoka li phallang maoatleng. Leha ho le joalo, esita le ho phela libakeng tse bulehileng tsa leoatle, li-mackerel tse tsamaeang ka metsing li leka ho lula likontinenteng, li atametse haufi le matloana a tsona a ka tlasa metsi. Ha li tebe ho ea tlaase mme ha li sutumetse ho feta 500 m, empa hangata ha li phahame ka holimo ho 5 m.

Baahi ba joalo ba tikolohong ea metsi a letsoai ba boloka lipakete, tse thusang haholo ho tšoasa ha bona, hobane ke ntho eo ba lokelang ho e tšoasa. Ho tlameha ho eketsoa hore palo ea libopuoa tsena e amehile haholo ka ho ts'oaroa ho sa laoloeng. Phapang e joalo e lebisa phokotsong e kholo ea palo ea li-mackerels tsa lipere metsing a leoatle, 'me joale lits'ebetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa li etsahala butle mme li nka lilemo.

Stavrida Leoatle le Letšo (fotong o ka bona tlhapi ena), ho latela nako ea selemo, o tlameha ho fetola mokhoa oa hae oa bophelo. Ho na le linako tse peli nakong eo boitšoaro ba lihlapi bo nang le litšobotsi tsa bona.

Ea pele ho tsona ke hlabula, leha o ka e bitsa joalo feela, hobane e nka likhoeli tse robeli, e qala ka Mphalane, ebe e fela ka Pulungoana, ka linako tse ling esita le ka December, kaofela ho latela maemo a leholimo a leholimo. Ka nako e bonts'itsoeng, ha metsi a kaholimo a futhumala ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, li-mackerels tsa lipere li nyolohela holimo.

Li tsamaea ka mafolofolo, li hasana hohle malapeng a tsona, li hola ka potlako, li ja haholo, li ngatafala. Mariha, litlhapi tse joalo li fokotsa mosebetsi oa tsona hanyane ka hanyane.

Likokoana-hloko tsa bona li khona ho mamella pholileng ea bohlokoa, empa ho fihlela ho + 7 ° C. Mme ka hona li-mackerels tsa lipere li leka ho boloka libaka tse futhumetseng tsa mabopo a leoatle. Mariha ba le li-bays le li-bays tse tebileng, hangata ba pota-potiloe ke libanka tse telele.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Litlhapi tse joalo li lokela ho nkuoa e le linotsi tse tlatsitsoeng ka botlalo, leha li sa re ke liphofu tse kholo. Empa le likhoele tsa 'mele ea bona li khona ho joetsa batho ba utloisisang hore libopuoa tsena ha li tsoe litselaneng, tse ts'ekaletseng ka tlase ho leoatle, li bula melomo, ka ts'epo ea hore phepelo e tla oela ka botsona. Ka mafolofolo ba fumana "bohobe ba bona."

Ha ba ntse ba batla khafetsa, likolo tsa litlhapi tse joalo li tlameha ho tloha letsatsi le letsatsi ho fumana libaka tse nonneng tse tletseng lijo tse amohelehang. Haholo e fetoha litlhapi tse sa tsoakoang le tse nyane tse lulang metsing a ka holimo a metsi: herring, tyulka, gerbils, sprats, hamsa. Li-shrimp le mussels, li-invertebrates tse ling tse nyane le li-crustaceans, hammoho le litlhapi tse nyane tse kang li-anchovies li ka tšoaroa.

Empa esita le mackerel le pere tse jang nama, eena ka boeena o hlaseloa hangata ke litsomi tse kholo ho mo feta, tse tsoang har'a baahisani ba leoatle. Ho hotle hore tlhaho e ile ea e hlokomela ka ho fana ka mahlakore a mahlakoreng. Ho tloha ho ea batlang ho ja mokete ho eena, motho o lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo, ho seng joalo maqeba a ke ke a qojoa.

Ho feta moo, haeba sebata se se nang boiphihlelo se batla ho metsa lihlapi tsena kaofela, o tla ba le bothata. Mme batho ba e kenyang lijo tsa mots'eare ha baa lokela ho lebala ka libetsa tse bolotsana tsa data tse shebahalang eka ha li kotsi ho batho, libopuoa tsa leoatle.

Ho hlahisa le ho phela nako e telele

Boholo ba li-mackerel li rata tikoloho e futhumetseng, ka hona ba qeta bophelo ba bona ba le libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo le tse haufi. Ho na le monyetla oa ho behela mahe selemo ho pota. 'Me ka nako ea ha mofuthu o fetoha mofuthu o futhumetseng,' me ho thehoa maemo a matle, lihlapi li tloaetse ho hlaha moo.

Baemeli ba li-subspecies tsa Leoatle le Letšo ba na le monyetla oa ho ntšetsa pele malapa a bona ka nako e loketseng bakeng sa sena, se etsahalang hoo e ka bang ka Mots'eanong-Phato. Ka nako ena, mehlape e neng e le teng pele ea ikarola, 'me ho hlaha tse ling tse thehiloeng ke bong.

Maemong ana, tse tšehali li tloaetse ho theohela ka meqomong ea metsi tlase, tse tona li hlophisitsoe ka holim'a tsona. Mme sena ha se etsahale ka tšohanyetso ebile se na le moelelo o tebileng. Ha e le hantle, caviar e hoholotsoe ho tloha botebong ke halofo ea mosali e na le thepa ea ho phaphamala, 'me ke teng moo e kenngoeng hantle ke lebese le entsoeng ke ba batona.

Li-mackerel tsa lipere har'a beng ba tsona ba litlhapi li nkoa e le libapali molemong oa tsoalo. Ka nako e le ngoe, ba khona ho behela mahe a likete tse 200, tse tsepamisang mohopolo mme li qale ho hola ka lebelo la boloi metsong e kaholimo ea metsi. Empa qalong ke liforomo tse nyane feela tse nang le bophara ba limilimithara.

Qete caviar ea mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo, joalo ka mefuta e meng kaofela ea lihlapi tsena, e khahla haholo. Boitekong ba ho sireletsa fesheneng bo tsoang ho bona nakoana le hanyane ho libatana, tlhaho e ba file bohlale bo hlollang. Ba baleha likotsi tsa lefats'e ka tlas'a mori oa jellyfish, ba e khomarela, joalo ka ha eka ke tlasa ntlo ea ntlo.

Bana ba hola ka potlako, ba fihlela bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 12 ha ba le selemo se le seng. Ka nako e tšoanang, ka linako tse ling kamora nakoana, ba khona ho beleha. Nako eohle ea litlhapi tsena e phela lilemo tse ka bang 9.

Lijana tse tsoang mackerel ea lipere e ne e le ntho e tummeng ebile e ratoa haholo ke khale lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng. Empa botumo bo atileng ba tlhapi ena bo ile ba fokotseha butle-butle, le ho sa hlokahale. Joale ha u na ho mo bona mabenkeleng. Empa haeba u lakatsa, leha ho le joalo, sehlahisoa sena se ka rekoa, haholo-holo ka Marang-rang.

Theko ea mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo e ka ba li-ruble tse 200. bakeng sa 1 kg. Ho feta moo, ke mofuta ona mabapi le tatso e fetang hole mefuta ea leoatle ea li-mackerel tsa leoatle. Litlhapi tse halikiloeng ka ghee le oli ea meroho li na le meroalo e khahlang ea mohloa. Li-mackerel tse ncha tsa pere li ka roaloa foil ebe li kenngoa ka ontong, sechu, li tšeloa ka boea ba bohobe kapa bo halikiloeng. Litsenyehelo tse ngata tsa li-mackerel tsa lipere le tsona li tlase haholo 'me li ka ba li-ruble tse likete tse 80 ka tonone.

Ho tšoasa litlhapi

Mofuta ona oa litlhapi o lula o tsongoa ke batšoasi ba litlhapi. O na le nama e bonolo ea se mafura a mahareng, eo ho leng molemo ho e sebelisa lijong tse phehiloeng le tse halikiloeng, ho tšela lijo tse ka makotikoting.

Ho "mackerel" ea pere ea leoatle, tatso e feta ea leoatleng.

Ka lijo, li-mackerel tsa lipere li jeoa ntle le hlooho, kaha ho lumeloa hore li na le chefo ebile li kotsi ho batho. E na le omega-3 e ngata, e amang hantle pelo le tsamaiso ea potoloho ea mali.

Ponahalo

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa,' me e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le sebopeho se khethollang sebaka sa bolulo. Empa ho na le likarolo tse ling tse tloaelehileng:

• Bolelele - ho tloha 30 ho isa ho 50 cm
• Boima ha bo felle ka 1 kg
• 'Mele o phahameng o tšoana le lekhoakhoa
• Likala tse nyane
• Masapo a otla moleng oa morao bakeng sa ts'ireletso
• Mohatla o patehileng
• Maphephe a dorsal a nts'etsopele

Bolelele bo phahameng ba bophelo ke lilemo tse 9. Nako le nako, batho ka bomong ba fetang tekanyo ea boima ka kilo e ngoe ba fumanoa, leha bongata e le baemeli ba fokolang.

Habitat

Ha u botsoa hore na mackerel ea lipere e fumanoa hokae, ho ka fanoa lethathamo le lelelele. Litlhapi tsena ho bonolo ho li bona Leoatleng la Leboea, le Letšo le Leoatle la Mediterranean.

Sebaka sa tikoloho se boetse se fetela leoatleng la Pacific, Atlantic le India, hoa khoneha ho kopana le sebatana sena se senyane esita le lebopong la Japane.

Empa Russia, ho tšoasa litlhapi ho shebane haholo le metsi a Baltic le Leoatle le Leboea.

Mefuta ea mefuta

Lelapa la stavrid le kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 140, empa ke tse fokolang feela tsa tsona tse tšoaroang.

Ho latela sebaka sa bolulo, ho khetholla tse latelang:

• Atlantic
• Mediterranean
• Boroa
• Sejapane
• Peruvian

Ho ea botebong ba litlhapi hoo e ka bang ha ho mohla e tsoang, e bolokoa metsing a futhumetseng le a sa tebang, metsing a sa tebang. O iphepa ka pakete ea ho tsoma. Nakong ea ho lelekisa, e ka fihlella ka lebelo la hoo e ka bang 80 km / h.

Mackerel a pere a lula kae?

Litlhapi tsa mackerel tsa Horse li lula Leoatleng le Leboea, le Letšo le Leoatle hammoho le Leoatleng la Atlantic, Pacific le Indian. Mefuta e mengata ea li-mackerel tse tloaelehileng li fumaneha lebopong la Argentina, Australia le Afrika Boroa. Litlhapi hangata li sesa ka botebo ba limithara tse 50 ho isa ho tse 300. Ha ho bata, "mackerel" e tloaelehileng e tsamaea ka metsing a futhumetseng ho ea lebopong la Australia le Afrika. Ka metsing a leoatle a Russia, ho na le mefuta e tšeletseng e tsoang lelapeng le tsitsitseng.

Stavrida - tlhaloso

Mackerel ea Horse e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 30-50 ka boima ba li-gram tse 300-400. Ke nnete, boima ba batho ba bang bo ka feta 1 kg. Mackerel e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea pere e ne e le boima ba 2 kg. Empa hangata ho fumanoa litlhapi tse nyane. Mmele oa li-mackerel tsa pere e harelane 'me e melehali, e koahetsoe ka makhalo a manyane. E phethela ka thipa e tšesaane ea caudal le chelete ea caudal, e kopantsoeng haholo. Metsoako ea masapo e nang le spikes e haufi le mola oa morao, litlhapi tse ling tsa litlhapi li ka khutlisetsoa morao. Li sireletsa litlhapi ho tse jang tse ling. Hape, litlhapi tsa li-mackerel tsa lipere li na le makhopho a mabeli a dorsal, 'me mahlaseli a mabeli a bohale a fumaneha ho fiudal fin. Nako e telele ea bophelo ea li-mackerel tsa lipere e fihla lilemo tse ka bang 9.

Mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa lipere

Mofuta oa lipere tsa mackerel o kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 10.

Tse ka sehloohong ke tse latelang:

• Mackerel a tloaelehileng a pere (Atlantic) (lat. Trachurus trachurus). E lula Leoatleng la Atlantic le Leoatleng la Mediterranean, karolong e ka leboea-bophirima ea Leoatle la Baltic, Leoatleng le Leboea le Letšo, metsing a leoatle a Argentina le Afrika Boroa. Ke tlhapi e kenang sekolo e nang le bolelele ba cm 50, e boima ba 1,5 kg.

• Horse mackerel (Leoatle le Letšo) (lat. Trachurus mediganaaneus). E lula ka bochabela ho Leoatle la Atlantic, Leoatleng la Mediterranean, Leoatle le Letšo, Leoatle la Marmara, karolong e ka boroa le e ka boroa-bophirima ea Leoatle la Azov. Bolelele ba mofuta ona oa li-mackerel tsa pere bo fihla lisenthimithara tse 20-60. Khoele ea tlhapi e koahetsoe ka botlalo ka sekhahla sa masapo. 'Mala oa mokokotlo o' mala o moputsoa, ​​mpa e le tšoeu. Mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa Mediterranean e ba le mehlape ea lehae, e kenyeletsang batho ba boholo bo fapaneng. Mofuta ona o na le mefuta e 'meli ea subspecies: mackerel ea Mediterranean ea li-mackerel (Trachurus mediganaane med medaneaneus) le mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo (Trachurus mediganaaneus ponticus).
• Mackerel a boroa (Latin Trachurus declivis), o lula Atlantic lebopong la Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, le lebopong la Australia le New Zealand. Mmele oa litlhapi o fihla ho cm 60. Hlooho le molomo oa tlhapi li leholo, monko oa pele oa tlhapi o na le methapo e robeli. Litlhapi li lula botebong ba limilimithara tse 300.

• Mackerel a pere ea Majapane (lat. Trachurus japonicus) e lula metsing a boroa ho Japane le Korea, hammoho le Leoatle la China Bochabela. Ka hoetla, e fumanoa lebopong la Primorye. 'Mele oa li-mackerel tsa pere ea Japane li fihla bolelele ba 35-50 cm. Litlhapi li lula botebong ba limithara tse 50-275.

Ho tšoasa litlhapi

Ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea metsi a Leoatle le Letšo, ka nako e telele ho ne ho e-na le li-mackerel tse fokolang tsa lipere. Empa joale tikoloho ena e ea hloeka, 'me likolo tsa litlhapi tsena li boetse li se li le lebopong la eona. Kaha hangata liphoofolo tse joalo tsa metsing ha li theohe, ho tšoasa li-mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo ho bonolo haholo ho hlahisa ho tloha lehlakoreng la sekepe, le bakeng sa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba nang le boiphihlelo - esita le ho tloha lebopong. Ho feta moo, molemong oa ho fihlela katleho ntlheng ena, haholo-holo litsebo tse tebileng ha li hlokahale.

Ho molemo ho tšoasa litlhapi likhoeling tse futhumetseng, ho qala ka mahlaseli a letsatsi a letsatsi kapa u ee leoatleng ha letsatsi le likela. Le ha ho le joalo, ho na le monyetla oa ho tšoasoa phofu e joalo ka nako efe kapa efe. Ba khahliloe ke ho tsoma ha bona baemeli ba banyenyane ba metsing a leoatle le ho batla lijo, li-mackerels tsa lipere hangata lia lebala.

Ho sesa ka mehlape e felletseng, ba lahleheloa ke ho falimeha, ba se ke ba hlokomela ho sisinyeha ha likepe le liketsoana tse ba potileng, esita le ba itihela ka metsing ka mocheso. Ntho e sebetsang ka ho khetheha ke ho luma ha li-mackerel hoetla, e ikokotla ka mokhoa o fe kapa o fe, hobane libopuoa tse joalo li na le takatso e matla ea lijo. Ha u ntse u sebelisa marang-rang, u ka sebelisa liboko tsa mofuta ona, tse ratoang haholo ke batšoasi ba litlhapi, hammoho le mesifa ea malinyane, li-shrimp tse phehiloeng, crustaceans le likotoana tsa herring.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi mona li fapane haholo: meaho ea ho phaphamala, likhopo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le lithupa tse bilikang, empa leha ho le joalo mohala oa plumb ke sesebelisoa se setle haholo hobane, joalo ka litsebi li bolela, boholo ba li-mackerel tsa lipere li ka tšoaroa ka tsela ena.

Kaha tlhapi ena e tsamaea ka metsing likolong, lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tse sa amaneng le lisebelisoa tse ngata li na le thuso e kholo. Ha tse ling tsa tsona li le ngata, lere le lokela ho khethoa halelele. Kryuchkov ka lepheo la Leoatle le Letšo ha ho tšoasa litlhapi ka ho bilikisetsa ka reel, hangata ho nkuoa tse ka bang leshome. Tsena kaofela li lokela ho etsoa ka tšepe e sa hlapolloang ka sefahleho se selelele.

Tse tummeng ka ho tšoasa tlhapi ena ke tse bitsoang mohatelli. Ona ke mokhoa o qhekellang haholo, hobane o sebelisa snag ho e-na le thepa ea tloaelo. E ka ba linokoane tse se nang letho, likhoele, likarolo tsa boea, masiba, hangata a entsoe masale a khethehileng, ao ha a bonahatsoa ka metsi, a fetohang le litlhapi. Scad, ha ho makatse, hangata e nka ho hloka kelello hona bakeng sa phofu ea eona mme, ka lebaka la thetso e bohlale joalo, ea tšoaroa.

Lintlha tse khahlisang

Ho ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e seng e ngotsoe, ehlile ho na le ho hong ho ka eketsang. Kahoo lintlha tse ling tse khahlisang ka mackerel e monate le e phetseng hantle li tla hlahisoa ka tlase. Tsena kaofela li amana le thepa ea eona e holimo.

• Mackerel e phehiloeng, ka lebaka la se nang le mafura a leka-lekaneng le khaello ea lik'habohaedreite nameng, e ananeloa haholo e le sehlahisoa sa phepo. E khothalletsoa batho ba lefu la tsoekere le ba batlang ho theola boima ba 'mele.
• Lijana tse tsoang tlhapi ena li fetoha thuso ho batho ba nang le methapo e fokolang le pelo, lefu la qoqotho le methapo. Lijo tse joalo li matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko, li khothaletsa kholo ea mesifa le ho ntlafatsa mesebetsi ea ts'ireletso ea mmele,
• Ha u lokisa lihlapi tsena, li-mistress li lokela ho tlosa hlooho hang-hang hammoho le likhaba tse haufi le eona. Taba ke hore ke karolong ena ea 'mele moo lintho tse kotsi le litšila tsa indasteri, li qhibilihang ka metsing a leoatle, lia bokellana. Ha ho makatse, hobane sena sohle se kenella libopuoa tsa litlhapi ka har'a li-gill,
• Li hlotsoe ebile li letsoai, litlhapi tsa rona li shebahala haholo joaloka mackerel. Empa ho fapana le ea morao-rao, mackerel a lipere ha a mafura haholo,
• Ka mackerel ea pere, ka lebaka la khaello ea masapo a manyane nameng ea eona, ho bonolo haholo ho e etsa nama e halikiloeng. Mme li-cutlets tse ntle li entsoe ho tsoa ho eona,
• Pejana ho ne ho thathamisitsoe mekhoa e mengata ea ho pheha tlhapi ena. Ntle le moo, e fetoha e monate haholo ka foromo e omisitsoeng. Empa o ka se sebelise sehlahisoa se tala ka tsela efe kapa efe, hobane e kanna ea ba le likokoana-hloko.

Qetellong, e lokela ho lemosoa hore ho molemo hore u se ke ua hlekefetsa leha e le efe, leha e le sehlahisoa sa bohlokoa haholo se sebetsang. Ho ikakhela ka setotsoana maemong ohle ho lematsa 'mele. Ka hona, bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea mackerel, hape, mohopolo oa eona o thehiloe. Lijo tse joalo li ke ke tsa jeoa ho feta ligrama tse 200 ka letsatsi. 'Me palo ena e lekane ho khotsofatsa' mele oa motho ka liminerale tse sebetsang, livithamini le matla.

Tlhaloso le mefuta

Horse mackerel ke tlhapi e kenang sekolo e pelagic e nang le mmele o melelele o harelaneng o fihlang ho 30 cm ka bolelele. Meno a dorsal a holile hantle, le masiba a pectoral a bokhutšoanyane ho feta ka mpeng. 'Mele oa tlhapi o hatelloa hamorao, o felisoa ka bakoeteng ea caudal. Ka morao e koahetsoe ka sekala se tšesaane sa 'mala o moputsoa,' me mpa ke silevera. Mohala o lehlakoreng le kobehileng o emeloa ke lithebe tsa masapo tse nang le lipalo tse nchocho tse bonoang ke ridgeoth ridge, tse kotsi ho lira. E sireletsa mackerel ea lipere ho beng ba eona ba baholo - tuna, herring, mackerel. Nako ea bophelo ba hae ke lilemo tse 9. E le sebatana, e ja li-shrimp, cephalopods, tlhapi e nyane, zooplankton le benthic invertebrates.

Mackerel a lipere a lula metsing a futhumetseng, a lula haufi le tlase, hangata a ea botebong, a lula sebakeng se haufi le maballo a leoatle. E tsongoa ka mehlape e meholo kahare ho metsi, e holisa lebelo ho fihlela ho 80 km / h.

Libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo, libaka tse chesang tse mongobo, litlhapi li mela selemo ho pota, le metsing a matelele-bohareng - nakong ea mofuthu. Li-mackerel tsa basali tse tšehali li ngata haholo, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e lihela mahe a ka bang 200,000 ka nako e le ngoe. Ho khahlisang ke hore ho fihlela a le lilemo li selemo, mafura a ipata ho sebata tlasa moriana oa jellyfish. Malinyane a fepa ka zooplankton.

Nama ke tlhapi ntle le masapo a manyane, e bonolo ebile e monate ebile e na le tatso e itseng e bolila le monko.

Boleng ba khoebo ba li-mackerel tsa lipere ho thata ho bo feta. E halikiloe, e phehiloe, ea tsuba le ho omisoa. Ntle le moo, litlhapi tsa leoatleng lia apehoa, li nokoa le ho khangoa. Lijo tse entsoeng ka kh'onate li phehiloe ho eona ka oli ea meroho kapa asene ea langa le le lej, lijo tse bobebe / tse chesang, sopho, pastes.

Hajoale, lelapa la li-mackerel tsa lipere le kenyeletsa mefuta e fetang 150 ea litlhapi.

Baemeli ba tummeng:

1. Ka tloaelo (Atlantic). E lula Leoatleng la Mediterranean, Leboea, Bosoeu le Baltic, Leoatle la Atlantic, metsi a lebopong la Afrika Boroa le Argentina. Bolelele ba 'mele oa mackerel ea Atlantic ha bo feta 50 cm, mme boima ba eona ke 1.5 kg.
2. Boroa. E fumaneha lebopong la Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia. Litlhapi li namela ka bongata ho fihlela li-m m 300. Hlooho le molomo li kholo, 'mele o fihla bolelele ba 60 cm, li-spines tse 8 li tsepamisitsoe moqoqong oa pele oa dorsal.
3. Mediterranean (Leoatle le Letšo la Stavrida). Habitat: Marmara, Borena, Leoatle la Azov le Leoatle la Atlantic. Mokokotlo oa lehlakoreng la mackerel e koahetsoe ka likhoele tsa masapo. Bolelele ba motho e moholo bo itšetlehile ka phepelo ea lijo le maemo a ntseng a hola 'me a fapana ho cm ho isa ho 50.' Mala oa mpa ke bosoeu bo nang le silevera, mokokotlo o moputsoa.

Mackerel ea pere ea Mediterranean e na le lipeeletso tse 2: Leoatle le Letšo le la Mediterranean.

1. Sejapane E lula Leoatleng la China Bochabela, metsi a Korea le Japane e Boroa. Hoetla e fumanoa lebopong la Primorye. Litlhapi li lula botebong ba 50-275 m ka tlase ho metsi. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla 35-50 cm.
2. Peruvian (Chilean). Sebaka seo sa bolulo se kenyeletsa libaka tse lebopong la New Zealand, Peru, Chile, Pacific Boroa le Australia. Bolelele ba 'mele oa tlhapi e moholo e fihla ho cm 20-40. Ho sesa ka botebo ba 15-60 m.

Libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo tsa leoatle la Pacific, Leoatle la India le Atlantic, li-mackerels tsa cigar kapa tse leshome li tloaelehile. Karolo e nang le tšobotsi e 'ngoe ke mapheo a tlatselletsang a fumanehang ka mora' moko oa bobeli oa makhopho. 'Mele oa li-mackerels tse tenang ka makhetlo a leshome o batla o le sephakeng, ha o sa qobelloe hamorao. Haufi ka morao, mohala oa morao o ts'oaroe ke lithebe. Meno a teng lelemeng, masapo a palatine, mehlahare le hlatso.

Li-mackerel tsa lipere ke tsa sehlopha sa litlhapi tsa bohlokoahali tsa khoebo. Selemo se seng le se seng, litlhapi tsa tsona li fapana ho tloha ho lithane tse likete tse 300 ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse 1,4. Hoa thahasellisa hore ebe li-mackerel tsa lipere tsa Peru, li etsa karolo ea 90% ea tlhahiso.

Litlhapi li hlaha joang?

Tšobotsi e khethollang ea litlhapi tse tsoang ho beng ka eona ba bangata ke taba ea hore litlhapi li phalla metsing a futhumetseng a linaha tse chesang tse chesang hoo e ka bang selemo. Likhoeling tse futhumetseng, li-mackerel tsa lipere li rata ho behela mahe metsing a bohareng ba latis.

Horse mackerel e nkoa e le tlhapi e telele ho feta tsohle, e ka behela mahe a likete tse 'ne ho isa ho tse makholo a mabeli ka nako e le' ngoe.

Hang ha lehlaka le hlaha mahe, pele a fihla selemo sa selemo, a khangoa ke koena ea jellyfish, ka hona a baleha libatana. Litlhapi tse nyenyane le tsona li sebelisa zooplankton.

Boleng ba phepo e nepahetseng le lik'hemik'hale. sebopeho

Mofuta ona oa li-mackerel tsa lipere o nkoa o le monate ho feta "morali'abo" oa leoatle. Nama ea tlhapi ena e mafura a mahareng, e bonolo ebile ha e na masapo a manyane. E ka halikisoa, ea noka, ea omisoa, ea apehoa ka ontong, ea sopho e entsoeng ka tlhapi le ho etsoa sopho ea litlhapi. Lijo tsa makotikoting tsa lipere le tsona lia tsebahala.

Mackerel ea pere e na le thuso bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo ea motho, kaha e na le mafura a lekaneng a omega-3. E boetse e na le lintho tse ling tse ngata tsa bohlokoa - tšepe, phosphorus, potasiamo, magnesium, iodine, zinki, sodium, manganese, molybdenum, fluorine, cobalt le chromium. Ho feta moo, phosphorus e ama hantle methapo ea kutlo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, 'me iodine e ntlafatsang metabolism, e tsitsisa hemoglobin maling le e matlafatsa sesole sa' mele.

Ka ligrama tse 100 tsa sehlahisoa:

Litaba tsa khalori - 114 kcal

Vithamini A - 0,01 mg

Vithamine PP - 7.3 mg

Vithamine B1 - 0,17 mg

Vithamine B2 - 0,12 mg

Vitamin B6 - 0,1 mg

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) - 10 mcg

Vithamine C - 1.5 mg

Vitamin E - 0,9 mg

Vithamine PP - 10,7 mg

Li-mackerel tse kotsi

Ho latela litsebi tse ling, ho qaptjoa ha lihlapi tse khahlisang ho na le mofuta o eketsehileng oa mercury, o bakang khatello ea methapo ea kutlo. Ka hona, tlhekefetso ea lijana tsa mackerel tsa lipere ha e khothalletsoe ho bana le basali baimana.

Ha o kuta mackerel ea pere, etsa bonnete ba ho tlosa hlooho ea eona: ke karolong ena ea setopo sa litlhapi moo lintho tse mpe tse fumanehang metsing a leoatle li bokellang.

Ha ho ja li-mackerel tsa lipere, hoa hlokahala ho beha setopo kalafo e phethahetseng ea mocheso, hobane tlhapi efe kapa efe e tala e ka baka ts'oaetso ea likokoana-hloko tse ngata.

Horsefish mackerel: motsoako

Haeba u rekile tlhapi e ntle, ka hona u tlameha ho pheha tsebe ho tsoa ho eona. Bakeng sa merero e joalo, mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo e loketse haholo. Litlolo tsa litlhapi tse joalo li bonolo haholo hoo le mosali oa ntlo ea se nang boiphihlelo a ka li tšoarang.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore tsebe e lokiselitsoe ho tsoa linthong tse tloaelehileng, empa e fetoha e monate haholo.

1. Lita e le 'ngoe le halofo ea metsi.
2. Horse mackerel - 0,8 kg.
3. Litapole - likotoana tse 5.
4. Karoti e le 'ngoe.
5. Allllice.
6. Eiee eiee.
7. Pepere e ntšo.
8. Greens (dill, parsley, cilantro).
9. Botoro - 20 dikgerama.
10. Khasi ea Bay.

Ho pheha sopho ea tlhapi

Litlhapi li tlameha ho hloekisoa kahare le masapo ka ho tlosa lehlaka. E khaole likotoana tse arotsoeng. Tšela litha e le nngwe le halofo ea metsi ka pane, tlisa ho pheha, ebe o eketsa mohatla, hlooho le moalo. E latelang, beha allspice, e ntšo, e le 'ngoe hlooho ea onion le lekhasi la bay. Re e pheha metsotso e mashome a mabeli, ebe rea e sefa. Khaola litapole ka li-cubes ebe u eketsa ho moro.

Khabareng, hola hanyane khabeloa khabeloa ea oli ea limela. Re romella litlhapi tse lekantsoeng, lihoete ho moro ebe rea pheha. Se ke la lebala ho tlosa foam. Fokotsa mocheso, eketsa letsoai ebe u tsoela pele ho pheha metsotso e meng e mashome a mabeli ka mollo o monyane. Ha re koahele pan ka sekwahelo. Ha ho tšoanelehe ho ferekanya tsebe, kaha ho ka etsahala ho senya botšepehi ba likotoana tsa litlhapi. Metsotso e seng mekae pele ho ho pheha ha o hloka ho eketsa oli, sena se tla fa mafura a tsebe. Ha u sebeletsa sopho ea tlhapi, e fafatse ka litlama tse ncha ebe u li tlohella e le metsotso e seng mekae.

Li-mackerel tse halikiloeng

Trout ea Leoatle le Letšo e hantle ka sebopeho se halikiloeng. Haeba u sa tsebe ho e pheha, re tla arolelana le uena risepe. Mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo, e le molao, e nyane ka boholo, ka hona e halikiloe kapele ho lekana. Molao oa mantlha ke oa ho hloekisa litlhapi. E le sejana sa lehlakoreng, o ka sebeletsa litapole, raese le salate.

1. Letsoai
2. Horse mackerel - 1.5 kg.
3. Halofo ea khalase ea phofo.
4. Oli ea meroho bakeng sa ho halika.

Litlhapi tse rekiloeng li tlameha ho hloekisoa ka botlalo le ho kenngoa ka mpeng, ebe li hlatsoa le ho nokoa. Re e tlohela hore e robale hanyane, e le hore letsoai le kenelle ka nama.

Ka mor'a moo, beha pan ka mollo, tšela oli ebe o e chesa. Tšela karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litlhapi ka phofo ebe u tšela ka pane. Litlhapi li halikiloe ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ho fihlela ho hlaha kutu ea khauta. Tšela likotoana tsa thaole ea pampiri e le hore oli e fetelletseng e felile. Ke sona feela, mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo e se e loketse.

Litlhapi tse halikiloeng

Ha u nahana ka potso ea hore na u ka pheha joang mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo, u se ke ua lebala hore, joalo ka tlhapi efe kapa efe, e ka baka. Khetho ena ea ho pheha mohlomong e bonolo ka ho fetisisa. Haeba u rekile tlhapi e ngata, ha ua lokela ho e phehela lijo tse lehlakoreng, e sebeletse li-mackerel e le sejana se ikemetseng se nang le linoko le oli kapa salate ea meroho.

1. Horse mackerel - 1.5 kg.
2. Letsoai
3. Oli e hloekisitsoeng.
4. Nako ea lihlapi.
5. Lemon e le 'ngoe.
6. Rosemary - lekala le le leng.

Re hloekisa litlhapi, rea li hlatsoa, ​​re khaola hlooho ebe re ntša lintho tse kahare. Ebe letsoai, le fafatsa ka linoko 'me u fafatse ka lero la lemone. Ka mor'a moo, koaela leqephe la ho baka ka letlalo, le tlatsetse ka botoro, beha likotoana tsa litlhapi ebe u fafatsa ka rosemary. Pheha ka ontong metsotso e mashome a mabeli ka mocheso oa likhato tse makholo a mabeli.

Sopho ea Horsefish

Mackerel ea Leoatle le Letšo (lireschorente tse fanoang ke rona li bonolo haholo) ke tlhapi e ntle. Lithuto tse ntle tsa pele li lokiselitsoe ho tsoa ho eona. Pejana re ithutile hore na tsebe e lokiselitsoe joang. Joale ke batla ho fana ka risepe ea ho etsa sopho. Ee ho joalo! Ke sopho e nang le mackerel ea lipere. E fetoha e monate ebile e ea khotsofatsa. Lero lena le nkiloe ho cuisine ea Bulgaria.

Bakeng sa ho pheha, o tla hloka lihlahisoa tse bonolo ho feta.

1. , Tomate e Khabisitsoeng - 0,7 kg.
2. Li-mackerel tse peli kapa tse tharo.
3. Seqha se le seng.
4. Garlic.
5. Karoti e le 'ngoe
6. Litapole - likotoana tse 4-5
7. Linoko, letsoai, oli ea meroho.

Defrost trevally, mine. Re hloekisa meroho eohle bakeng sa sopho. Khaola lieie, lihoete ebe u bula nkho ea tamati. Ka mor'a moo, likotoana tsa litlhapi li hloka ho belisoa ka metsi a fokolang a letsoai. Kenya lekala la parsley ho moro ebe o pheha metsotso e ka bang leshome, ebe o tlosa litlhapi ebe o li tlohela. Khabareng, ka pane, Fry lieie le lihoete. Ebe u eketsa tamati e halikiloeng ka lero, tšela meroho eohle ka metsotso e meng e mashome a mabeli.

Re arola nama ea mackerel ea peo ho peo ebe re e rusolla likotoana. Joale ka har'a lihlapi tsa tlhapi re beha likotoana tsa litlhapi, meroho ea stewed, litapole. Pheha sopho bakeng sa metsotso e mashome a mararo ka holim'a mocheso o tlase. Metsotso e 'maloa pele u pheha, eketsa litlama, konofolo le linoko. Sopho e felile!

Bakeng sa sejana sena se loketse ho sebelisa li-seasonings tsa Bulgaria, li tsamaea hantle le litlhapi ebile li fana ka monko o monate.

Salad ea Mackerel

Mackerel ea leoatleng le letšo (foto e fanoe sengoloeng) e loketse ho etsa salads. "Mimosa" ea tummeng, joalo ka molao, e hlophisitsoe nakong ea matsatsi a phomolo a Selemo se Secha, empa ha ho na motho ea khathatsang ho lokisa salate e joalo ka nako e ngoe, haholo hobane e le bonolo ho e etsa.

Leha ho le joalo, risepe ea rona e fapane hanyane le mofuta oa khale. Re ke ke ra sebelisa lieie le litapole, empa re tla li nkela masiba a lieie le raese.

1. Sekoti se kopantsoeng kapa se chesang se chesang - ligrama tse 300.
2. Halofo ea khalase ea raese.
3. Mahe a mahlano.
4. Eiee meroho.
5. Lihoete tse 'ne.
6. Letsoai
7. Pepere e ntšo (fatše).
8. Mayonnaise - pakete.

Re lokisa lisebelisoa tsohle, re li belisa. Haeba u sebelisa li-mackerel tse halikiloeng bakeng sa ho pheha, joale u lokela ho e bala ka fereko. Haeba tlhapi e tsuba, e lokela ho hloekisoa le ho khaoloa likotoana tse nyane.

Nka sekotlolo se tebileng sa salate, tlotsa fatše ka mayonnaise ebe u tšela raese holimo, eo le eona e hlokang ho tlotsoa ka oli. Ka mor'a moo, beha litlhapi ka holimo, holim'a eona ho na le botala bo botala, u se ke oa lebala ho roala mokelikeli o mong le o mong ka mayonnaise. Ebe re fafatsa ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ka liprotheine tse halikiloeng, ebe re li tšela lihoete tse phehiloeng. Ha likarolo tsohle li beoa, li fafalitsoe ka mayonnaise, e fafalitsoeng ka pepere, o ka khabisa salate ka li-yolks tsa grated ka holimo. Ebe re romella sejana sehatsetsing e le hore likarolo tsohle li ka tlala.

Boleng ba moruo

Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa mackerel li fumaneha Atlantic, hammoho le Leoatleng la Mediterranean le Black. E ts'oaroa e sebelisa li-pelagic le li-trawls tse ka tlase, maseka a mokotla le tiers. Lebopong la Boroa, ke ntho eo ho tsongoang lipapali ho eona, moo e ts'oaroang hantle ho tloha ho piers ho ea ho busax. Ho ea ka FAO, ka selemo sa 1999 indasteri ea ho tšoasa e ne e le lithane tse 12,898. Ho tšoasa ho hoholo ho entsoe ke Turkey (lithane tse 9,220) le Greece (lithane tse 3,534). Metsing a sevastopol a Sevastopol, litlhapi tsa mackerel li ile tsa oela ho tloha ho lithane tse 318 ka 2008 ho fihla ho lithane tse 62 ka selemo sa 2011. E rekisoa e le ncha ebile e le makeniki, hape e sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo tse thehiloeng litlhapi.

Likarolo tse ikhethang tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa pere ea Black Sea mackerel

Joalokaha tloaelo e bonts'a, ho ts'oasa li-mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo ha ho hloke tsebo le tsebo e eketsehileng, ka hona e loketse le bakeng sa ba qalang ba pelehi. Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-mackerel tsa lipere li na le litlhapi tse nyane tse kenyelletsang hamsa le lihlapi tse ling tse nyane. Nakong ea ho tsoma, mackerel ea pere e tsoa ka metsing mehlape eohle.

U ka tšoasa mackerel ea lipere nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi, empa nako e nepahetseng ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi ke nako ea pele ho letsatsi le chaba. Ho bohlokoa hape ho tseba hore mofuta o moholo oa li-mackerel tse ngata o hlaha ka Phato le Mphalane.Mathoasong a hoetla, lipentšele tsa pere ea mackerel li tebile haholo mme ka halofo ea hora ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi u ka tlatsa sekotlolo se felletseng ka lihlapi tse nyane. Mackerel a lipere ha a tšabe lerata la li-yachts tse kholo. Joalo ka tlhapi e jang nama, e na le takatso e matla ea lijo, e ja ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka tatellano ntle le ho bona Bait. O tšoeroe hantle ka likotoana tsa herring, lehlabuleng la Leoatle le Letšo le li-crustaceans. Keletso bakeng sa ho ts'oasa li-novice: Ntho e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa mackerel ke shrimp e halikiloeng.

Mekhoa e mengata ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ea Horse Sea Horse

O ka tšoasa li-mackerel tsa lipere ka litsela tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng: molamu o molelele o bilikang, molamu oa ho tšoasa litlhapi ho tloha lehlakoreng kapa letlooa le thelileng. Hoa hlokahala ho tšoasa li-mackerel tsa pere ntle le mohala o thata oa sebopeho se rarahaneng se nang le palo e kholo ea likhokahano. Maemong ana, molao oa khauta oa sebetsa: ha palo ea likhoketsi tse sebelisitsoeng e le kholoanyane, lere le lelelele le lokela ho sebelisoa. U ka tšoasa mackerel ea letsoho ho tsoa letsohong, mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle haholo ha o tšoasa litlhapi ka mola oa plumb.

Monyetla o ka sehloohong oa mokhoa ona ke hore mohala oa ho tšoasa litlhapi ha o ferekanngoe le lisebelisoa tse haufi. Ka lebaka leo, li-mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo ka mokhoa o ts'oanang li hula mohatla mme motšoasi oa litlhapi o khona ho li tšoara. Khafetsa ho ts'oasa li-mackerel tsa Leoatle le Letšo ka mokhoa o boletsoeng ka holimo ho na le likarolo tse latelang tse ikhethang: ho sebelisoa terata e tšesaane, e bobebe, bolelele ba eona e tloha ho limithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5 (e na le sephali se tšesaane se nang le mola oa ho ts'oasa litlhapi le bophara ba limilimithara tse 0,2, boima bo ts'oaroang ba ligrama tse 5 le makhetlo a nang le mohala oa ho tšoasa litlhapi le tsona li sebelisoa. 0.18 limilimithara, hook e lokela ho ba e benyang, mefuta ea silevera kapa ea botšelela.

Ha o tšoasa mackerel ea pere ho tsoa sekepeng se potlakileng, o tla hloka liaparo tse ntle, tse futhumetseng tsa ka ntle, sejana sa ho bokella batho ba ts'oeroeng, phepelo e lekaneng ea metsi a nooang le lijo (ho tloha ha sekepe se tsamaea ka sekepe hoseng le ho khutla bosiu). Ha o sebelisa mokhoa ona oa ho ts'oasa litlhapi, o tla hloka thunya e bilikang ka foromo e ikhethileng ea sebopeho se nang le sephali se tenang.

Leha ho le joalo, ba nang le boiphihlelo ba nang le boiphihlelo ba hlokometse hore bakeng sa sena u ka sebelisa mefuta e tloaelehileng ea Rostov. Mohala o ka sehloohong o lokela ho ba le bophara ba limilimithara tse 0,4. Ntle le mola oa ho ts'oasa litlhapi, o tla hloka bethe ka lesoba le leholo le entsoeng ka mohala o tloaelehileng oa ho ts'oasa litlhapi le bophara ba limilimithara tse 0,18. Palo ea lihakisi ho bethe e lokela ho ba 9-10 (li-hook ho tlameha ho ba le mefuta e 6 ea ho boloka matsoho). Boemo bo ikhethileng: boima ba ligrama tse 120 bo lokela ho beoa qetellong.

Nako ea ho senya

Libakeng tse futhumetseng (libaka tse chesang le tse chesang tse mongobo) e lula e le selemo. Libakeng tse batang haholo, e mela feela nakong e futhumetseng. O ka bona setšoantšong sa li-mackerel tsa lipere palo e kholo ea batho ba lulang lipaketeng. Ha ho makatse, hobane tse tšehali li ngata haholo li hlahisa mahe a ka bang likete tse 200 ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Sebaka le nako ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi

Likhoeli tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke August-September, empa ho ts'oaroa hantle ho netefalitsoe ho tloha hoetla ho isa qalong ea lehlabula. Ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa mackerel ho tloha lebopong hoa khoneha, empa ho molemo ho tšoara lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ho tloha lebopong la leoatle.

Ho sesa hole haholo ha ho na thuso, hobane lihlapi li lula lebopong la leoatle. Ka ho ba teng ha mariha a batang, ka nako ea hoetla, o hloka ho batla ho ts'oasa libaka tse nang le phetoho e tebileng ea botebo.

Boleng ba ho tšoasa litlhapi

Ho tšoasa litlhapi Leoatleng le Letšo bakeng sa li-mackerel tsa lipere hoa eketseha ebile ke karolo ea bohlokoa khoebong ea ho tšoasa litlhapi. Ka kakaretso, ho sa tsotellehe sebaka, boima ba litlhapi tse tšoasitsoeng ka kakaretso li ka fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1,5.

Ho feta moo, mefuta ea Peru e etsa karolo ea 90 lekholong ea boima bona. Bakeng sa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba Russia, mackerel a tloaelehileng a pere e lula e le moemeli oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.

Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale

Boleng ba phepo e nepahetseng ea li-mackerel tsa lipere ho latela mofuta oa ho pheha. 130 kcal e kenelletse ka 100 g ea fillet e phehiloeng, 190 kcal e halikiloeng. Likahare tsa khalori ea sardine ea makotheng ka oli li nyolohela ho 238 kcal.

Karolelano ea Matla B: F: Ka lihlapi ke 65%: 35%: 0%.

Ka hoetla, mackerel ea lipere e bokella 15% ea oli ea tlhapi ea bohlokoa, ke ka lebaka leo e leng mokhoa o amohelehang haholo ho batšoasi ba litlhapi nakong ena.

Ho bohlokoa le ho feta ke: litlhapi tsa metsing a hloekileng kapa a leoatle

Litlhapi ke sehlahisoa sa bohlokoa se matlafatsang 'mele oa motho, se tlatsetsa mehloli ea liprotheine tsa boleng bo holimo, livithamini A, C, B, E, likhomphutha tsa liminerale. Hoa thahasellisa hore tebello ea bophelo ba batho ba lulang haufi le libaka tsa maoatle le ba tloaetseng ho ja lijo tsa leoatleng e telele ho feta lilemo tse 5-10 ho feta batho ba sa li jang. Sebaka sa pele ke sa baahi ba Monaco (lilemo tse 89), oa bobeli - Macau (lilemo tse 84), oa boraro - Japane (lilemo tse 83). Joalokaha u bona, linaha tsena li haufi le leoatle la Mediterranean, la China Boroa le leoatle la Japane.

Ho fumaneha hore liprotheine tsa litlhapi li na le phepo e ntle haholo ho feta likhoho ebile ho bonolo ho li ja ho feta nama. Ntle le moo, baahi ba leoatle le tebileng, ho fapana le beng ka metsi a hloekileng, ba na le li-acids tse sebetsang tsa omega-3, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebetso ea 'mele. Li-PUFA ke karolo ea likarolo tsa lisele, tseo ho arolelanoang lipontšo pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo, katleho ea retina, bokong le pelong li itšetlehileng.

Ho khahlisang, palo ea phosphorus le calcium ho fillet ea lihlapi tsa leoatle e 40% e phahame ho feta litaba tsa macronutrients ka liapolekose tse omisitsoeng le morara. Ntle le moo, mackerel ea lipere e na le iodine eo ho seng metsi a hloekileng a tsoang ho eona.

Ho lumeloa hore ka tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea 100 g ea lihlapi tsa leoatle ka letsatsi, menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la pelo e fokotsoa. Ha nama ea baahi ba metsi a hloekileng e khona ho bokella tšepe e boima, li-radionuclides le meriana e bolaeang likokonyana tse tsoang tikolohong e silafatsang haholoanyane. Ha ea hloeka ho feta tlhapi ea leoatleng ebile e tlase haholo ka palo ea liminerale, livithamini le liamino acid.

Molemo oa li-mackerel tsa lipere

Ka 2004, ho ile ha tlalehoa rekoto ea mackerel: Litone tse 80 tsa mefuta eo li ile tsa ts'oaroa metsing a Leoatle la Mediterranean.

Ka lebaka la bongata ba omega-3, litlhapi tsa metsing li hlile li isoa lijong tsa batho ba nang le mathata a metabolic le lefu la pelo: ka khatello ea mali, ischemia, le atherosclerosis.

Melemo ea ho ja li-mackerel tsa pere:

1. E fana ka thepa ea moaho ho 'mele (protheine) bakeng sa sebopeho sa litho, lisele, lisele, hemoglobin, lihormone le li-enzyme, hammoho le matla a kopantsoeng.
2. E fepa tšoelesa ea qoqotho, e e tlatselletsa ka iodine, hape e na le litlamorao tse khahlanong le ho ruruha.
3. Ha e ime moroalo oa tšilo ea lijo, ka hona e bontšoa hore e sebelisoe joalo ka nama bakeng sa batho ba nang le mafu a gastrointestinal.
4. E eketsa tebello ea bophelo.
5. E ntlafatsa mahlo.
6. E tloaetse mesebetsi ea methapo.
7. Lowers cholesterol, e thibela nts'etsopele ea lefu la pelo. Ho pakoa hore ha o ja litlhapi tsa leoatle makhetlo a 1-2 ka beke, menyetla ea ho otloa e fokotsoa ke 22%, le lefu la pelo makhetlo a 2.
8. E na le phello ea antitumor.
9. E matlafatsa lithane tsa masapo, ts'ireletso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.

Ka sebopeho se phehiloeng, mackerel ea pere ke sehlahisoa sa phepo (130 kcal ka 100 g ea fillet), ka hona e lumelletsoe ho kenyelletsoa lijong tsa motho ea lahleheloang ke boima ba 'mele. Haholo-holo, ho shebella lijo tsa protheine tsa Dukan, Atkins, Kremlin, Maggi. Ho sebelisa litlhapi ka mafolofolo ho ntlafatsa boemo ba letlalo ka lebaka la hore e thusa lisele tsa dermis ho boloka mongobo, ka lebaka leo, e li sireletsa hore li se ke tsa senyeha.

Sehlahisoa se sa Keng

Litlhapi tsa mackerel tsa pere ke tse jang nama tse khonang ho bokella metsoako ea mercury nameng, e nang le tšusumetso e mpe sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka hona, litsebi tsa phepo e ntle li khothaletsa hore e behelle kathoko ho bana ba banyenyane, baimana le ba anyang basali. Ho seng joalo, likhokahano tsa tšebeliso ea litlhapi li fela ka ho se mamelle sehlahisoa ka seng.

Pancreatitis Fish

Ka ho ruruha ha manyeme, oli ea tlhapi e lokela ho qheleloa ka thoko lijong tsa bakuli. Le ha sehlahisoa se le molemo, se na le litlamorao tse mpe liseleng tsa setho se senyehileng, li eketsa moroalo ho tsona. Bothata ba ketsahalo ena ke hore bakeng sa ho phatloha ha mafura o hloka enzyme e hlophisitsoeng ke manyeme - lipase. Boemong bo matla ba lefu lena, ts'ebetso ea enzymatic ea setho e hatelloa ka boomo e le hore e ka tšoareloa. Ka lebaka leo, nakong ena, lipase ha e hlahisoe ka bongata bo lekaneng, e leng se bakang mathata nakong ea ho thula lijo.

Ka pancreatitis nakong ea tšoarelo, hoa lumelloa ho kenya lihlapi ka mafura a ka bang 8% lijong tsa bakuli. Tsena li kenyeletsa: mackerel ea lipere, bass ea leoatle, carp, cod, nevaga, hake, pike perch, Pike, flounder, whiting e putsoa, ​​pollock, bream. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebeletso e le 'ngoe ha ea lokela ho feta g 150. Mokhoa o khethiloeng oa ho sebetsana le li-fillet oa belisa kapa oa otsela.

Melao-motheo ea ho pheha li-mackerel tsa lipere

Nama ea litlhapi tsa leoatle ntle le masapo a maholo, tatso e bonolo, e bolila. Mackerel ea pere e rekisoa ka mefuta e sa tsoakoang, e leqhoa kapa e entsoe (ka oli kapa lero la tamati).

Lijoa tsa setso tse nang le mackerel ea pere:

• Iceland - eiee kapa e le asene ea veine,
• naheng ea Turkey - ka linoko, litlama le linoko,
• Greece - ka li-olive tsa rosemary le tse tala,
• Japane - ka ginger, litlama tse omisitsoeng,
• Russia, Ukraine - e sebelisitsoe ka foromo e omisitsoeng hanyane le e omisitsoeng.

Ho senola ka botlalo monko le tatso ea tlhapi ka bongata, ha o ntse o boloka thepa eohle e molemo, e lokiselitsoe ka ho eketsoa ha mafura a fokolang ka lithemparetjha tse phahameng.

Mokhoa oa ho pheha li-mackerel tsa pere:

• bake ka litlama ka ontong kapa ka grill,
• etsa sopho ea lijo kapa tsebe e nkhang hamonate,
• Fry a poeling,
• Ho bata kapa ho chesa,
• asene ka asene ea tlhaho kapa langa le le lej,
• ikotla ka nama e halikiloeng, eo ho eona ho etsoang linama tsa nama, mabekere a nama.

Lijo tsa leoatleng tse phehiloeng li sebelisetsoa ho etsa sopho, lijo tse batang, pastes le sandwich. Li-spice tsa linoko le likhaba tse bolila li hatisa ka mokhoa o lumellanang ho hatisa tatso e ntle ea li-mackerel tsa pere. Litlhapi li kopantsoe le li-salads tsa litlama tse ncha, meroho e phehiloeng, raese e lefifi.

1. Laola nako ea ho phekola litlhapi ka mocheso. Ha e le sengoathoana, ho hlokahala nako e nyane ho e lokisa. Mackerel ea pere e phehiloeng ha e sa fetoa metsotso e 15-20, 'me fillet - metsotso e 7-15.

Phekolo ea nako e telele ea mocheso e thusa ho lahleheloa ke livithamini, tlhapi e khaotsa ho "ts'oara" sebopeho sa eona mme e fetoha phala e se nang tšenyo.

1. Tlosa monko o bohale oa iodine ea litlhapi tsa metsing. Bakeng sa merero ena, mackerel ea pere e kolobisitsoe ka metsing a nang le lero la lemone kapa lebese bakeng sa hora.
2. U ke ke ua sebelisa hlooho ea tlhapi ho pheha, kaha e beha lintho tse kotsi tse bakang chefo ea 'mele.
3. Pele o pheha, setopo sa motho ea jang liphoofolo tsa marang-rang se kenngoa ka metsing a batang. Ha ho na moo e lokelang ho kenngoa ka mokelikeli o futhumetseng kapa o chesang, ho seng joalo e tla lahleheloa ke ponahalo ea eona mme e se ke ea senyeha.
4. Nakong ea ho pheha, pheha ha ea lokela ho lumelloa. Ntle le moo, metsi a feteletseng a senya tatso ea li-mackerel tsa lipere. Haeba ho khonahala, e lokela ho nkuoa hanyane kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, pheha litlhapi ka mocheso o tlase bakeng sa nako e telele ho feta metsotso e 7-20, ho latela boholo ba sengoathoana ka metsi a manyane.

Boleng ba sejana ka kotloloho bo itshetlehile ka boleng ba sejelo. Ha u ntse u khetha litlhapi tsa metsing, u lokela ho hlahloba setopo ka hloko. E lokela ho ba ntle le matheba le muus, e koahetsoeng ka botlalo ke sekala se nang le mahlo a pepeneneng, likhalase tse khubelu tse khanyang, monko oa iodine e nang le tšobotsi. O seke oa reka tlhapi e hoamisitsoeng ka metsi a leqhoa a nang le matheba a soeufala ka har'a sephutheloana sa opaque. Karolo ea glaze e lokela ho tšoana ka bolelele bohle 'me, ka mokhoa o hlakileng, e se ke ea feta 5 mm. Ntle le moo, etsa bonnete ba hore setopo se na le moralo o nepahetseng, ntle le ho khopama, ho hloka toka le kinks.

Lijo tsa tlhapi

Ke sistimi ea protheine ea ho theola boima ba 'mele e reretsoeng ho khotsofatsa tlala, ho fa mesifa matla, ho chesa mafura a subcutaneous. Melemo ea mantlha ea mokhoa ona ke lebelo le potlakileng la ho theola boima ba 'mele le ho boloka litholoana ka nako e telele. Ka lebaka leo, li-kilos tse lahlehileng ha li khutle hang hang kamora hore thupelo e phetheloe, joalo ka ha ho etsoa ka lijo tse tharo le matsatsi a mahlano tse hlahang. Phoso ea lijo tsa tlhapi ke lijo tse se nang moeli. Ka lebaka leo, protheine e thusa ho tlosa calcium le phosphorus 'meleng, e tsamaeang le ho senyeha ha boemo ba moriri, lipekere, le ho eketseha ha masapo a masapo. Ntle le moo, mojaro o holim 'a liphio oa eketseha. Contraindication: gout, pancreatitis, colitis, dysbiosis, dysfunction ea renal, irritable bowel syndrome, ho eketseha ha mali.

Ntle le mafu ana, litlhapi tse phehiloeng tse nang le mafura a tlase le a mahareng (pere mackerel, pollock, hake kapa navaga) li sebelisoa e le sehlahisoa se ka sehloohong sa lijo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mokhoa o mong oa ts'ebetso (ho tsuba, ho omisa, ho halika) o thibetsoe.

Lihlahisoa tse tsamaellanang le litlhapi: meroho, li-beet, likomkomere, k'habeche, lihoete, pelepele tse monate. Nakong ea lijo, o lokela ho tlohela tšebeliso ea letsoai le linoko, o noe lilitha tse 2-3 tsa metsi ka letsatsi.

Lijo tsa letsatsi bakeng la matsatsi a 7 (bonyane 5 kg):

• lijo tsa hoseng - apole - 1 pc, lehe le phehiloeng - 1 pc, tee e tala e tala - 250 ml,
• lijo tsa motšeare - likomkomere - 1 likhomphutha, lihlapi tse phehiloeng (hake) - 200 g,
• Lijo tsa mots'eare - chisi ea chisi (ho fihlela 5%) - 100 g, lihlapi tse phehiloeng (li-mackerel tsa pere) - 200 g, salate ea limela e nang le litlama - 200 g,
• tee ea mantsiboea - tee e tala ntle le tsoekere - 300 ml,
• lijo tsa mantsiboea - lettuce - li-PC tse 5, chisi e nang le mafura a tlase - 150 g, tlhapi e phehiloeng (pollock) - 200 g,
• pele o robala - tee e tala - 200 ml.

E boetse e lumelloa ho ja kefir 1%, shrimp e phehiloeng, litholoana tsa lamunu. Ho khothalletsoa ho fana ka ratang litlhapi tse ncha, empa ha li thibetsoe ho pheha litopo tsa meroho.

Nako e phahameng ea ho keteka ngoana ke libeke tse peli. Haeba ho hlokahala, pheta lijo tsa protheine li lokela ho nka nako ea bonyane likhoeli tse 2,5.

Qeto

Horse mackerel ke mohlape oa lihlapi, e leng tšobotsi eo e leng litšobotsi tsa masapo moleng oa bolelele bohle. Li etselitsoe ho koba setopo sa hae nakong ea ho sesa ka potlako, le ho itšireletsa khahlanong le libatana. Litsebi tsa phepo e ntle li hlokomela hore nama ea nama ea "mackerel" hantle e ama methapo ea pelo, methapo le tšilo ea lijo, le tšoelesa ea qoqotho. Ka tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea lihlapi tsa leoatleng (2-3 g ka beke, 150 g e 'ngoe le e' ngoe), menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la ho fokola ha masapo, lefu la atherosmithosis, lefu la coronary, infraction ea myocardial, stroke, hypothyroidism e fokotsehile. Melemo ea li-mackerel tsa lipere ha e felle feela ho sena, e sebetsa metabolism, e matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele, e ntlafatsa boemo ba letlalo, e tiisa boemo ba hemoglobin maling, e eketsa bokhoni ba kelello, ts'ebetso, e fokotsa matla le ho hloka thahasello,' me e boloka lebelo le tloaelehileng la tšusumetso ea methapo.

Horse mackerel ke sehlahisoa se nang le phepo se sebelisoang haholo ho pheha ho pheha linate, lithuto tsa pele le tsa bobeli. E tšeloa ka letsoai, e kubelletsoe, e omisitsoe, e fuoa pilisi, e besitsoeng, e phehiloeng le e halikiloeng. Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se nang le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata, li-acid tse ngata tsa omega-3,6, livithamini, li-macro- le li-microelement, li na le protheine e bonolo ea lijo le li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa. Bakeng sa beke e latelang lenane la liprotheine, o ka lahla ho fihlela ho 5 kg.

Molemo oa li-mackerel tsa lipere ho latela maemo a nako ea hae ea ho lula. Litlhapi tse tšoasitsoeng maemong a sa lokelang tikoloho (metsi a litšila) li beha bophelo ba motho kotsing. Ka hona, theko ea thepa e lokela ho etsoa feela ho tsoa ho baetsi ba tšepahalang, ba beha lihlahisoa ho ea hlahlojoa.