Boemo ba tsamaiso.
Lelapa la Bo-Mantis - Mantidae (Manteidae).
Bolivaria - Bolivaria brachyptera (Pallas, 1773)
Boemo. 7 “E laoloe ka ho khethehileng” - 7, SK. E kenyelelitsoe ho Sehlomathiso sa 2 ho Buka e Khubelu ea Russian Federation *. Bukeng e Khubelu ea USSR ke ea sehlopha "II. Mefuta e sa tloaelehang ".
Matšoao a kantle a bolivaria e nang le mapheo a makhuts'oane
Bolivaria ke moemeli ea tsotehang oa mantis. Mmele oa hae o lerootho, o molelele, o sootho ka 'mala. Boholo ba basali ke 4-5.3 cm, tse tona ke 3-4,5 cm.
Batho ba Bolivia ba lula mahoatateng a lijo-thollo.
Melemo ea morao-rao ea polelo ea mantsoe ha ea hlophisoa. Mpa e mokhutšoanyane. Elytra e khutsufalitsoeng ka lehlakoreng la ka pele ke e bosoeu, e nang le sehlopha se lefifi ka pel'a sefika le selikalikoe se lefifi bohareng, e seng kamehla e ka khetholloang ka ho hlakileng. Li bontšoa 'me ha li tsoele pele ho mp'a mpa. Mapheo a ka morao a mosi, a nang le 'mala o moputsoa kapa o moputsoa oa' mala o moputsoa. Sebakeng sa ka morao, karolo ea pele e telele ho feta tse ling kaofela ha li kopantsoe.
Tsela eo maoto a ka pele a mantis a tšoanang le penknife. Moqomo o nang le li-spikes o sebetsa joalo ka lehare, 'me serope se nang le likhoele sea sebetsa. A lebelletse phofu, mantis e pata makhasi ka lilibeng lethekeng, empa ha e bona motho ea hlokofalitsoeng, e ba akhela ka lebelo la lehalima, a tšoara mme a tobetsa ea tiileng pakeng tsa serope le leoto le tlase. Ho na le maemo ha ka tsela ena liaparo tse kholo li tsoma lihohoana le mekholutsoane ka tsela ena.
Wormwood Bolivaria e kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Ukraine joalo ka mefuta e tlokotsing.
Boltarius Habitats ea Bolulo
Bolivaria e nang le mapheo a makhuts'oane e lula mapatlelong, e nang le lehoatata, e fumaneha lijalo tse tloaelitsoeng ho phela libakeng tse ommeng, matsoapong a maralla le lithabeng. Ke libaka tse lutseng sethaleng se nang le limela tse tala, li lula mabopong a linoka, libakeng tse nang le makhulo a makhulo a nang le joang, litharong tsa likhoho le likhohola tsa likhohola. Libakeng tsa maoto a matsutla, e nyoloha molemong oa mafika ho ea fihla bophahamong ba limithara tse fetang 2000. Asia Bohareng, bolivaria e fumaneha libakeng tse tsoekere tsa feiga, tugai, lehoatateng la solyanka le lefeella.
Bolivaria ke e nang le mapheo a manyane - mofuta o le mong feela har'a li-mantis, moo tikoloho ea tsona e atolohelang leboea ho li-steppes tsa Eurasia.
Bolivarium phepo e nepahetseng
Mofuta ona oa likokoanyana ke sebatana se tloaetseng ho jang phofu ea sona moo se lallang teng. Lijo tse ka sehloohong li na le baemeli ba orthoptera, ba nang le letsoai, ba lulang libakeng tse tšoanang le bolivaria.
Lirurubele li ja litsie, litsie, likokonyana, lirurubele, lintsintsi. Ha e se e tšoasitse phofu, mantis e metsa phofu ea eona. O e tlosa ho tloha thekeng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe, a e hlahlobe, a inamise hlooho ebe o e chesa butle haholo ntle le ho potlaka. Mapheo le maoto a eona a thata a tsoa, ha e qetile ho monya lijo, mantis o poma menoana ea eona, a e hlatsoitse, a e phutha maoto, ae hule ka sefubeng, 'me e boele e tsikinyehe sebakeng sa motho ea rapelang.
Bolivaria e ja likokoanyana, tseo li li monyang hang hoba li tšoaroe.
Palo ea mapheo a bolivaria
Bongata ba mefuta ea lintho ha bo phahame hohle; batho ba Bolivaria Bolivaria ba fumanoa ba le bang. Boemo ba baahi naheng ea rona libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng bo nkoa bo tsitsitse. Hangata, ka hora e le 'ngoe ea tlhatlhobo, li-bolivarias tse tharo li ka fumanoa, ka linako tse ling tse ling hape. Tekanyo e joalo ea palo ea batho ka kakaretso e tšoaea likokoanyana tse kholo tse jang tse ling ebile ha e bonts'a tlokotsi ea mefuta ea sebaka sa eona sa tlhaho. Likarolong tse 'maloa tse ka boroa tsa naha ea rona, ka lebaka la phokotso ea tlhahiso ea linku, bongata ba tlhaho ea Bolivaria Bolivaria bo ile ba khutlisoa libakeng tse kholo moo timetso ea moroetsana oa mehleng ea khale e ileng ea bonoa ka lebaka la makhulo a ntseng a eketseha a linku.
Bolivaria Bolivaria ke moemeli ea ikhethang oa mantis.
Mabaka a ho fokotseha hoa palo ea bolivaria
Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha ha palo ea li-bolivaria tse nang le mapheo a manyane ke ntšetso-pele ea libaka tseo libaka tsa mofuta oa tsona li leng ho tsona: li-glade haufi le maoto, shiblaki, litsi tsa steppe haufi le meaho. Mabapi le nts'etsopele ea bohahlauli, moroalo oa boithabiso libakeng tsena tsa naha o ntse o eketseha hohle. Ntle le moo, literekeng tse ngata, libaka tsa mahapu le likhohlo li ntse li hola, e leng se lebisang phokotsong ea libaka tsa moroetsana o loketseng ho lula. Tšokelo e itseng ea boteng ba mefuta-futa e emeloa ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e kenang ka sekotlong sa lijo ho likokoanyana tse jang pele. Ho chesa meroho ho senya mahe le larva.
Li-bolivariums tse nang le mapheo a makhuts'oane li sirelelitsoe libakeng tse ngata tsa polokelo.
Ts'ireletso ea Bats
Bolivaria Bolivaria e kenyelelitsoe ho Sehlomathiso sa 2 ho Buka e Khubelu ea Rephabliki ea Russia. E sirelitsoe libakeng tse 'maloa tsa polokelo hammoho le mefuta e meng. Hoa hlokahala ho beha libaka tse fokolang tse bolokiloeng tsa steppe ho khutlisetsa palo ea mantis e sa tloaelehang. Mehato e khothalletsoang ea ts'ireletso bakeng sa bolivaria ha e so potlake.
Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele e matla ea libaka tseo libaka tse ikhethang tsa limela li bolokiloeng li ka lebisa ho nyamela kapele ha Bolivaria bifolaria. Ntle le moo, ho a hlokahala hore ho tsamaisoa meroalo ea boithabiso libakeng tsa tlhaho.
A lebelletse phofu, mantis e pata makhasi ka lilibeng lethekeng, empa ha e bona motho ea hlokofalitsoeng, e ba akhela ka lebelo la lehalima, a tšoara mme a tobetsa ea tiileng pakeng tsa serope le leoto le tlase.
Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.
Tlhaloso e khutšoane ea morphological
Mmele o sephara ka boholo, o putsoa, o sootho, o mosesane, 34-40 mm, 37-46 mm ka boholo. Marang-rang a morao a Annotum a litebele. Elytra le mapheo lia khutsufatsoa; ho ba batona le ba batšehali ba fihla bohareng ba mpa. Elytra e nang le molala o khanyang oa pele, selikalikoe se lefifi bohareng le lebanta le ka pele ho sethala, tseo hangata li sa hlalosoang hantle. Mapheo a mosi a nang le 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi kapa hoo e ka bang moeli o motšo ho potoloha.
Ho jaleha
Crimea, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Bohareng le Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, bochabela bo fihla Mongolia ka boroa-bophirima. Mefuta ea mofuta oa mofuta feela, eo karolo ea eona e ka leboea e kenang mehahong ea Eurasia. Rephaboliking ea Russia e fumanoa sebakeng sa steppe ho tloha Ciscaucasia le sebakeng sa Volga ho ea Irtysh. Ka har'a SFD ho atile.
Bukeng e khubelu ea Rephabliki ea Dagestan ho boletsoe leboteng le hlakileng: "... lithoteng tsa joang bo botala tse litala tsa Nogai, Kizlyar, Derbent le haufi le Agrahan Bay, Kumtorkali dune" ka bochabela ho repaboliki. Letšoao le ikhethang la ho ba ka har'a lingoliloeng ke feela haufi le Letša. Noha. Mofuta ona o ile oa bokelloa ka 2003 ho limela tsa xerophytic tsa spurs tsa Gimrinsky Range, haufi le Maidan.
Ho North Ossetia, e bonts'itsoe lebatooa la steppe, bolelele bo koahela setereke sa Mozdok ka leboea ho republic, moeli oa Stavropol. Rephabliking ea Chechen ho ile ha bonoa setereke sa Shelkovsky, se moeling le Dagestan.
Ha ho na lintlha tse qaqileng tse fumanoang Rephabliking ho Buka e Khubelu ea Rephabliki ea Armenia. Ho RO, ho ile ha hlokomeloa literekeng tsa Zimovnikovsky, Dubovsky, Zavetinsky, ka merero ea bosoasoi tikolohong ea polokelo ea mmuso ea Rostovsky le bohato ba Azov ba Lower Don [9, 10]. E boetse e tsejoa ho tsoa libakeng tse ka boroa-bochabela ho RO, moeling oa North Caucasus, Kalmykia le sebakeng sa Volgograd.
Sengolong sa Red Book oa UK ho hlokometsoe hore mefuta e fumaneha ka boroa-bochabela le boroa-bophirima ho sebaka seo, ho na le matšoao a fumanoang karolong e bohareng ea Stavropol Upland (Kursavka, Surkul), karolo e ka leboea-bochabela (Arzgir) le thoteng ea Prikum semi-lehoatata ( Kumskaya MZhS), hammoho le litereke tsa Arzgir le Turkmen.
Seterekeng sa Volgograd, sebaka sa "bolivaria" se akaretsa karolo ea "steppe" le "li-biotopes" tsa banka e setseng ea banka ea Volga le litereke tse ka boroa ho Volga-Don Canal. Khatisong ea pele ea Buka e Khubelu ea CC, lintlha tse mabapi le mefuta ena ha li eo.
Boholo ba tikoloho bo kenyelletsa libaka tsa steppe biotope setereke sa Temryuk, moo mefuta e lulang matsoapong a lutseng ke li-steppes le shiblyak. E boetse e lula matsoapong a ka boroa a mabopo a Leoatle le Letšo (Navagir, Markotkh), e iphaphatha le methapo ea metsi a phallang ka limela tse phallang ka bongata bo bolelele bo ka bang 400 m.
E tsebahala ho tloha haufi le Novorossiysk, pos. Boroa le North Ozereyevka, Shirokaya Balka, Utrish, Sukko, Abrau mme mohlomong le libakeng tsa steppe tsa karolo e ka bochabela ea sebaka sena, se moeling le Stavropol. Haufinyane tjena li sibollotsoe mohato oa bosoasoi oa Taman Peninsula, mabopong a litopo tsa Tsokur, Kiziltash, Bugaz.
Likarolo tsa biology le ecology
Joalo ka litlolo tsohle tse rapeloang, ke mofuta o tloaelehileng oa ho lalla. E na le selemo sa selemo se le seng. Phofu e ka sehloohong ke orthoptera, e mengata libakeng tsa Bolivaria, hammoho le baemeli ba litaelo tsa Lepidoptera, Diptera, le likokoanyana tse ling tse fumanehang.
Rephaboliking ea Russia, ho lula litepisi, mahoatateng a letsoapong, matsoapong a maralleng le litselaneng tse nang le lithaba tsa xerophytic. Armenia, e latela le lipolao tsa steppe, sebakeng se thellang lehloa e fumaneha matsoapong a majoe, e nyolohela lithabeng ho ea fihla bophahamong ba limithara tse fetang 2000 ka holim'a leoatle. maoatle. .
Asia Bohareng, e lula li-biotopes tsa lijo-thollo, mabele, lithota tsa lewatle le lithota, 'me li kena tugai. Biology tikolohong ha e so ithutoe ka ho khetheha, leha ho le joalo, hoa tsebahala hore nako ea ho bea edema e oela ka Phato - Loetse, ha batho ba bang ba phela ho fihlela ka Mphalane.
Botebo le mekhoa ea eona
Bongata ba mefuta eohle bo tlase ka linako tsohle, bo etsahala khafetsa. Sebakeng sa Volgograd, RO, SK, KK, lirephabliking tsa Kalmykia, Dagestan nakong ea tlhokomeliso ho tloha ka 1995 ho fihlela 2005, boemo ba baahi ba Bolivaria Bolivaria bo ne bo tsitsitse. Ka tloaelo, palo ke batho ba 1-3 ka hora e le 'ngoe ea tlhahlobo, hangata e phahame haholo. Tekanyo e joalo ea palo ea batho ka kakaretso e tšoaea likokoanyana tse kholo tse jang tse ling mme ha e bontše boemo bo sithabetsang ba baahi ba tsona.
Likarolong tse 'maloa ka boroa ho Russian Federation, moo ho rekisoang linku ho nts'etsopele ea li-bolivaria maemong a matala le libaka tse se nang lehoatata, phokotso ea palo ea tsona, haholoholo lilemong tsa bo-90 tsa lekholong la ho qetela, e thusitse ho khutlisetsa palo ea tlhaho ea baahi ba eona libakeng tse kholo moo li-biotope li neng li senyehile ka lebaka la tsona. . Kahoo, ho RO libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tsa steppe lehlabuleng la 2005, bongata ba mefuta libakeng tse ling e ne e le batho ba 3-5 ka hora e le ngoe ea lipatlisiso.
Ka kakaretso, palo ea baahi ba Bolivia ho KA e boetse e tsitsitse hajoale ebile ha e bake mathata a mangata, haholo hobane sebaka sa sebaka sena ha se molemong oa mefuta e meholohali ea mofuta ona. Baahi ba letsoai haholo ba tsejoa ka lihlahla tsa sehlahla tse matsaranka li matsoapong a moepa. Navagir Peninsula Abrau.
Lintho tse fokotsang
Ka sekhahla se seholo, sebaka se ntse se ntlafatsoa sebakeng sa Tikoloho moo sebopeho sa liphoofolo se fumanehang teng: libopeho tsa shiblak, glade literateng tsa matsoapong a liphallelo, litša tsa steppe, haholoholo meaho.
Hoo e batlang e le kae kapa kae, moroalo oa boithabiso libakeng tsena tsa naha le ona oa eketseha ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea bohahlauli le ho ata ha bahahlauli sebakeng se lebopong. Seterekeng sa Temryuk, ho feta moo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, palo ea masimo a batho ba ahileng lirapeng tsa morara le mahapu e ntse e eketseha haholo.
Ts'ebetso tsena li kenya letsoho phokotsong ea sebaka sa linaha tsa boroetsana tse hlokahalang bakeng sa boteng ba bolivaria. Litla-morao tsa ts'ebeliso ea lijalo tse bolaeang likokoanyana tse ngata li beha kotsi ho bongata ba mefuta e lulang haufi le temo ea temo. Tšenyo e kholo ka ho fetesisa ea lihlahla tse ka thoko e bakoa ke ho chesa limela.
Mehato e hlokahalang le e meng ea ts'ireletso
Bukeng e Khubelu ea SSR ea Seukraine, eo mefuta ena e kenyellelitsoeng ho eona, e le mohato oa polokeho, ho khothalletsoa ho beha libaka tse nyane tse sirelelitsoeng libakeng tsa Crimea (liphula tsa Tarkhankut le Kerch) le matsoapong a ka boroa a noka ea thaba ea Crimea.
Ho QC, likhothaletso tse joalo bakeng sa bolivaria ha li so potlaka. Leha ho le joalo, hoa hlokahala ho khutlisetsa tlhophiso ho nts'etsopele e sa khahliseng ea libaka tseo mabatooa a Mediterranean, a ikhethileng bakeng sa sebaka ((le Rephabliki ea Russia ka kakaretso), a bolokiloeng, 'me meroalo ea boithabiso libakeng tsa mabopong e lokela ho hlophisoa.
Maikutlo a lokela ho kenyelletsoa lethathamong la lintho tse sirelelitsoeng tsa libaka tsohle tse seng li le teng tse sirelelitsoeng kahare ho sebaka sa tikoloho: libaka tsa polokelo ea Abrausky, Bolshoi Utrish (preventively), liemahale tsa tlhaho Juniper Woodlands, meru ea Juniper ea Meru ea Sheskharis, pampitšana ea Yakhno, Cape Panagia ”," Karabetova Gora e nang le Vol Volcanoes (Karabetova Sopka) "," Cape Zhelezniy Rog "," Lake Lake "[15, 16].
Mehloli ea tlhaiso-leseling. Buka e Khubelu ea Setereke sa Krasnodar. 1. Avakyan, 1950, 2. Buka e Khubelu ea USSR, 1984, 3. Buka e Khubelu ea Rephabliki ea Dagestan, 1998, 4. Buka e Khubelu ea Rephabliki ea Ossetia-Alania, 1999, 5. Buka e Khubelu ea RA, 2000, 6. Buka e Khubelu ea RO, 2004 7. Buka ea Bokhubelu ea SC, 2002, 8. Buka e Khubelu ea SSR ea Ukraine, 1980, 9. Minoransky, Demina, 1990, 10. Minoransky, Tikhonov, 1998, 11. Mukhin, 1992, 12. Nagalevsky, 1994, 13. Nikulin, 1969, 14. Pravdin, 1978, 15. Ka qopitso ..., 1983, 16. Ka qopitso ..., 1988, 17. Ka tumello ..., 1998, 18. Stolyarov, Kalacheva, 2002, 19. Uzhakhov, King, 1990.20. Lintlha tse sa phatlalatsoang tsa M. V. Stolyarov, tse 21. E hlophisitsoe ke M.V. Stolyaro