Mmuso: | Eumetazoi |
Moqomo: | Litlhapi tsa Bony |
Subfamily: | Salemone |
Sheba: | Chinook salmon |
Chavycha (lat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - mefuta e atileng ea litlhapi tse makatsang tsa lelapa la salmon.
Salmon e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Boholo bo boholo ba salmon e tsamaeang ke cm cm 90. Metsing a Amerika, salmon ea cocok e fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 147. Sebakeng sa Kamchatka, mofuta o fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 180 le ho feta. Ho tlalehiloe nyeoe ea ho ts'oaroa ha salmon e boima ba ligrama tse 61,2.
Lebitso lena le tsoa ho lebitso la eona la Itelmen "Chowuich." Ma-Amerika a bitsa Chinook salmon lebitso la India - Chinook kapa salmon ea king - salemone ea borena, 'me Mojapane a mo abela tlotla ea "khosana ea salemone."
Baahi
Metsing a Asia, e lula Nokeng ea Anadyr, Kamchatka, Commander Islands, Amur le leboea ho Hokkaido. E fetela le lebopong la Amerika ho tloha California boroa ho ea Kotzebue Bay e Alaska, ho kenyeletsoa Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian le Arctic, ho ea Nokeng ea Coppermine. E nokana haholo linokeng tsa Britane (Canada), Washington State (USA), le Nokeng ea Sacramento (California).
Ka lebaka la bosholu ba mabotho a maholo Kamchatka, salmon ea Chinook e batla e nyametse ka ho felletseng matlong a mangata a polokelo ea naha. Hajoale, ho ts'oasa lihlapi tsena ho thibetsoe ka ho felletseng lebopong le ka bophirima la Kamchatka, salmon e ka bochabela ea Chinook e lumelloa feela ka ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Ponahalo
Ka morao, makhopho a dorsal le a caudal a koahetsoe ke matheba a manyenyane a botšo. Salmon ea Chinook e fapana le litlhapi tse ling tsa salmon ka palo e kholo (e fetang 15) ea mahlaseli a gill. Seaparo sa mating ha se phatlalatsoe ho feta sa tlhapi e kang chum salmon, salmon e pinki, 'me e tona feela e fetoha e sootho ka matheba a mafubelu nakong ea ha e mela. Salmon e nyane ea kato e ka ferekanngoa le salmon ea coho, empa salmon ea chinook e tšoauoa ka litsotsi tse ntšo ka mohlahareng o ka tlase, 'me matheba a manyane a lefifi ha a koahele feela mokokotlo oa hae oa morao le oa caudal, empa hape le li-lobes ka bobeli ba caudal fin.
Ho senya
Bakeng sa ho qhekella, salmon ea chinook e kena linokeng tse kholo, moo hangata e nyolohelang libakeng tse kholo (ho fihlela ho lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 4). Lijalo ka June - Phato, linokeng tsa Amerika Leboea - hape ka hoetla le mariha. Khaba ea salmon ea Chinook e lula lehlabula lohle. Tlhapi e matla ha e tšabe hona joale (1-1.5 m / sec) mme e phahloba likhetle tse hulang ka majoe a maholo le likomkomere ka mohatla oa eona. E tšehali e behela mahe a ka bang likete tse 14 ho feta salmon ea chum. Fry e siile mahe nako e telele ho feta (ho tloha likhoeli tse 3-4 ho isa ho tse 1-2), joalo ka mofuta o mofubelu, e lula nokeng, tse ling tsa tsona, haholo-holo banna, ba holileng tsebong moo, li fihla boleleleng ba 75- 55 mm ka 3-7 mongolo oa lehlabula. Ho na le sebopeho se pharalletseng, se emeloang ke ba batona feela ba fihle lilemong tsa ho kena bohlankeng ntle le ho ea leoatleng ka bolelele ba 10 - 47 cm ha ba le lilemo li 2 mme ba nka karolo ho qaphaleng le ho feta banna. Linokeng tsa Amerika, ho na le mefuta ea 'nete ea bolulo. Nōkeng ea Columbia, sino ea Chinook e emeloa ke mefuta e 'meli - selemo le lehlabula.
Linako tse sa reng letho tsa mefuta ena ke lefa. Chinook salmon o lula leoatleng ho tloha ho lilemo tse 4 ho isa ho tse 7. Ona ke mofuta o ratang serame hape o rata ho tsamaea metsing a Leoatle la Bering haufi le lithaba tsa Commander le Aleutian. Malinyane a noka a ja likokoana-hloko tse tsoang moeeng le likhahla tsa tsona, makhala le litlhapi tsa bana. Leoatleng, motheo oa phepo e nepahetseng ea salmon ea Chinook ke li-crustaceans tsa planktonic, litlhapi tse nyane le squid.
Tlhaloso ea morena oa litlhapi
E fapana le baemeli ba bang ba lelapa la salmon la Chinook ka boholo bo boholo. Mehlala ea kholo ka ho fetisisa e rekotiloeng e boima ba li-kilos tse fetang 61. Ka bolelele, litlhapi tsena tse kholo li ka fihla ho mithara le halofo. Boholo ba litlhapi tse eang ho hlaha e ka ba lisenthimithara tse 90.
Kamchatka Krai, bolelele ba 'mele oa Salmon ea Chinook bo ka feta lisenthimithara tse 180,' me metsing a Amerika - 147 cm. Boima ba 'mele hangata ke 5-5 kg.
Ka morao, dorsal le caudal fin, ho na le libaka tse nyane tse chitja tsa mmala o motšo. Ntle le boholo ba litlhapi tse ling tsa salmon, tlhapi ena e khetholloa ke palo e kholo ea likhahla tsa gill - likotoana tse fetang 15.
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
Seaparo se kopanyang sa morena oa litlhapi ha se bonahale joalo ka mohlala, oa salmon e pinki kapa chum salmon, ke mmele oa monna feela nakong ea ho tlolelana ha letlalo o fifalang 'me ho hlaha matheba a mafubedu. Batho ba fokolang ba ka ferekanngoa le coot, empa salmon ea chinook e na le marenene a 'mala o moputsoa ka tlase,' me matheba a masoeu ha a fumanehe mokokotlong feela, empa le bakoeteng la caudal le mabopong ka bobeli ba patudal fin.
Bophelo ba moloko o mocha oa lihlapi tsa morena
Fry nako e telele ha e tlohele linoka tse ncha, libakeng tsa tsona tsa tlhaho e lula ho tloha likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho lilemo tse peli. Tlhapi ea morena e moholo ka metsing a letsoai e ja squid le mefuta e meholo ea litlhapi. 'Me bacha ba ja likokoanyana tse jang likokoanyana, crustaceans le Fry ea mefuta e meng ea litlhapi.
Bakeng sa ho qhekella, Chinook salmon e kena linōkeng tse kholo moo e nyolohang ka limilone tse 4.
Ha tse tona le tse tšehali li qala ho hlaha, li hana lijo ka ho felletseng. Ka nako ena, litho tsa 'mele tsa bona li silafatsa. Li tsamaisoa ke sepheo se le seng - ho tsoala. Kamora ho hlaha, batho ba baholo baa shoa. Bo-rasaense ba sitoa ho fana ka karabo e tobileng hore na hobaneng sena se etsahala .. Ho nahanoa hore ha ba le leetong le lelelele, litlhapi li lahleheloa ke matla hobane li tlameha ho tsamaea sebaka se selelele.
Empa mefuta e meng ea litlhapi tsa salmon kamora maeto a thata ha a shoa, empa khutlela ho metsi a leoatle hape. Ha bacha ba hola, ba sesa ka leoatleng. Ho kena lilemong tsa salmon ea Chinook ho etsahala lilemong tse 3 - 7.
Salmon e Nyenyane ea litlhapi e ja likokoanyana tse tsoang moeeng le likhahla tsa tsona, crustaceans le lihlapi tse nyane.
Chinook salmon e rata metsi a batang, kahoo e nyoloha le boima Leoatleng la Bering le haufi le Commander le Aleutian Islands. Chinook e fetela pele Leoatleng, e tloha hole le lebopo ho ea bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 1000. Ho na le sebopeho se pharalletseng sa salmon ea Chinook, e emeloang feela ke banna, bao botona ba hae bo hlahang lilemong tse 2 tse bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse tšeletseng. Tse tona ha li ee leoatleng, empa li lula metsing a linoka, empa li nka karolo ho fafatseng hammoho le banna ba tsamaeang ka sekepe. Mohlala, Nokeng ea Columbia ho na le mefuta ea 2 ea salmon e nyane - selemo le lehlabula.
Chinook salmon
Ho ea ka litlhaloso tsa mahlale, Chinook salmon ke ea mofuta oa metsi a hloekileng a lelapa la salmon. Leha ho le joalo, tlhapi ena e qeta boholo ba bophelo ba eona kantle ho meeli ea metsi a hloekileng le hole le libaka tseo e tsoaletsoeng ho tsona. Sena se bakoa ke kemiso e itseng ea bophelo, e khetholloang ke baemeli bohle ba salmonids.
Chinook salmon e fumanoa pakeng tsa moeli o ka bophirimela oa lebopo la Pacific la United States le leboea la lihlekehleke tsa Japane, hammoho le Kamchatka le Lihlekehlekeng tsa Kuril.
Ka metsing a hloekileng a likepe tsa metsi tsa British Columbia, Washington, seterekeng sa Rephabliki ea Russia, mabopong a noka ea Anadyr le Amur, ho fumanoa sechaba se secha sa Chinook salmon.
Matsatsing ana, mefuta ea lihlapi tsa salmon e ntse e lengoa le ho feta, 'me ho joalo le ka salmon ea saalmon. Chinook salmon e hlahisoa lipolasing tse hahiloeng ka boiqapelo tse fumanehang mabopong a Great Lakes United States le New Zealand. Mokhoa o tšoanang o laoloa ke maemo a bophelo ba motho kajeno, ha palo ea litlhapi tse tšoasitsoeng e ntse e eketseha khafetsa, ka lebaka leo palo ea tsona e fokotsehang.
Litlhapi tsa Chinook: Tlhaloso
Haeba re bapisa salmon ea Chinook le mefuta e meng ea lelapa la salmon, litlhapi tsa salmon tsa Chinook li ka khetholloa ka boima bo boholo. Litlhapi tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhapi li tšoauoa ka boima ba li-kilo tse 6 ho isa ho 17, leha batšoasi ba bang ba litlhapi ba ile ba khona ho tšoara mofuta o boima o ka bang 30 kg. Boima ba tlhapi ena bo lekantsoe ho 60kg. Bolelele ba litlhapi bo tsoa ho 85 ho isa ho 115 cm, empa ka linako tse ling ho fumaneha batho ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5 ho isa ho tse peli.
Matšoao a khethollang kantle ke metsero e meholo e pakeng tsa hlooho le 'mele oa eona. 'Mala oa litlhapi haholo o ipapisitse le libaka tseo a lulang ho tsona' me o ka ba le 'mala o moputsoa bo bofubelu, le' mala o moputsoa kapa oa mohloaare. Karolo ea ka mpeng ea litlhapi le mahlakore a eona a na le silifera ea silevera. Ka mahlakoreng, ka holim'a moeli oa morao le holim 'a mokokotlo, ho na le matheba a bosootho bo bosootho bo bonyenyane. Ha nako ea ho hlaha, salmon ea Chinook e fetola 'mala: sebakeng sa' mele ho na le leseli le khanyang la mmala, mme sebaka sa hlooho se fifala. E le molao, mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi tsa lelapa lena, pele nako ea peo e fetoha, e fetola haholo ponahalo ea eona.
Salmon ea Chinook e ka khetholloa ho mefuta e meng ea lelapa lena ka mathe, eseng boholo bo boholo, bo bonoang mokokotlong, mohatla le mapheo a litlhapi. Ntle le moo, ha ho na salmon 'meleng oa tlhapi, tšobotsi ea libaka tsa sebopeho sa salmon X le metsero e pinki mmeleng.
Nako ea bophelo le ho ikatisa
Nako ea bophelo ea salmon ea Chinook e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mengata:
- Tsoalo ea noka ea metsi a hloekileng.
- Bophelo sebakeng sena ka lilemo tse peli.
- Ho fallela leoatleng le ho lula moo ho fihlela lilemo tse 3-5.
- Khutlela libakeng tseo a tsoaletsoeng ho tsona ho ntšetsa pele lelapa la hae.
Tse tona tsa mefuta e meng ea lelapa lena, tse holang bolelele ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 50 cm, ha li khone ho tloha libakeng tsa tsona, ha li ntse li fumana ho kena bohlankaneng. Ba kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho hlahisa limela le banna ba bang. Chinook salmon e petsoha linōkeng tse nyane, e fallela libakeng tse sa feleng tsa ho sesa, e hlola ka nako e ts'oanang ho fihla ho lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 4. Ts'ebetso ea ho qhekella ha litlhapi e ka etsoa ka nako e lekaneng: tlasa maemo a tloaelehileng a tlhaho - ho tloha ka Phato ho fihlela Phato, le libakeng tse ka leboea - ho tloha ka hoetla ho ea mariha.
Ha li le nokeng, litlhapi li ja:
- Mefuta eohle ea litlolo.
- Likokoanyana.
- Eseng tlhapi e kholo.
- Eseng crustaceans tse kholo.
Ha a ea leoatleng, o ja lijo tse latelang:
- Mahlatse.
- Cephalopods.
- Litlhapi tse nyane.
- Plankton.
- Khill.
Sebopeho sa Chinook Salmon
Nama ea tlhapi ea salmon ea Chinook e tšoauoa e le ea bohlokoa haholo, ka lebaka la ho ba teng hoa eona limatlafatsi tsohle tse hlokahalang tse netefatsang ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele oa motho, le bokhoni ba ho pheha lijana tse fapaneng, ka lebaka la li-indices tse monate tsa tatso. Nama ea salmon ea Chinook e na le livithamini tse ngata tsa B1 le B2, hammoho le livithamini C, PP, K, E. Ntle le livithamini, nama e na le sehlopha sohle sa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse fumanehang joaloka zinki, selenium, calcium, potasiamo, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium, molybdenum , sodium, nickel, chromium, fluorine, jj.
Nino ea Chinook e na le protheine e ka bang 20 g ho 100 g ea sehlahisoa. Choline le Omega-3 acid acid, tse sa hlahisoang hape ke 'mele oa motho, le tsona li fumanoa ka nama. Sena se sebetsa ho li-acid tse ling tsa docosahexanoic (DHA) le eicosapentaenoic (EPA), tseo ts'ebetso ea tsona e leng ho matlafatsa li-membrane tsa lisele, tse eketsang ts'ebetsong e nepahetseng ea lits'ebetso tsa metabolic 'meleng oa motho. Nama ea litlhapi, ho kenyelletsa le caviar ea eona, e tšoauoa ka sekhahla se phahameng sa tšilo ea lijo, se etsang hore ho khonehe ho fumana likarolo tsohle tse nang le ts'ebetso ka botlalo ka mokhoa o khonehang. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, litlhapi li lula sebakeng se khethehileng lijong tsa motho.
Chinook salmon caviar e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha tatso e bohloko, 'me mahe ka bomong a fihlella ka boholo ba ho fihlela ho 6-7 mm. Ka nako e le ngoe, tlhapi e ka behela mahe a ka bang likete tse 14.
Peresente ea mafura nameng e nyane haholo 'me e fihla feela ho 11,5%%, e fokolang hanyane ha e bapisoa le nama ea mefuta e meng ea litlhapi tsa lelapa la salmon. Nama e tšoauoa ka 'mala o mofubelu o ruileng o nang le raspberry hue. Nama ea hae e latsoa joaloka nama ea salmon. Ka ho pheha ka mokhoa o nepahetseng le o nang le bokhoni, nama ea salmon ea Taiok e ka ba hantle ho feta nama ea salmon.
Boleng ba matla a tlhapi ea chinook e hakanyetsoa ho 146 kcal ka ligrama tse 100 tsa sehlahisoa. Matšoao ana a ka fapana ka har'a meeli e nyane, ho latela sebaka sa eona sa bolulo, lilemo, bong, nako ea ho tšoasa litlhapi, jj.
Melemo le likotsi tsa tlhapi ea salmon ea Chinook
Ho ja litlhapi tsa salmon tsa chinook, u ka fumana liphetho tse latelang.
- Thibela lits'ebetso tse senyang le tsa atrophic tse etsahalang tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng e amanang le lintho tse amanang le botsofali.
- Fokotsa likotsi tsa ho ba le sclerosis, lefu la Alzheimer le 'dementia'.
- Ho ba le phello e ntle tšebetsong ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo.
- Ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali 'meleng.
- Matlafatsa lisele tsa masapo, fokotsa menyetla ea ho bola ha mali, hammoho le lefu la masapo.
- Netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea litho tsa pono, ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo le motsoako oa lisele tse ncha tsa methapo, netefatsa ho tlosoa hoa maemo a kotsi ho tsoa 'meleng, ho fepa lisele ka lintho tse sebetsang tse felletseng.
- Boloka molumo oa tsamaiso ea methapo, ka lebaka la tšireletso ea likarolo tse sebetsang 'meleng, tse thusang ho sireletsa' mele ho li-pathologies tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho e rarahaneng.
Contraindication bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea nama ea sokon ea salmon e kenyelletsa monyetla oa ho hlaha hampe nakong ea kemaro ea basali. Ntle le sena, karabelo e joalo e fumaneha seoelo (1 ho tse 250), e ke keng ea bakoa ke ho teba ha letšoao lena. Ntle le moo, tšebeliso ea nama ea chinook e lekantsoe feela ho batho ba nang le mathata le mokokotlo oa mpa ea tlhaho e sa foleng.
Salmon ea Chinook e tšoaroa kae hona joang?
Ho ea ka litsebi, tlhapi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e nkuoa ha e e-so qale ho nyoloha noka e ea libakeng tseo ho nang le moo e sallang. Empa ho na le kotsi ea ho tšoasoa ha eona ho sa laoloe, e ka lebisang ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa bongata ba litlhapi tsena tse monate le tse phetseng hantle.
Boholo ba batšoasi ba litlhapi ba hlokomela hore salmon ea Chinook ke tlhapi e bohlale le e hlokolosi. Ba bolela hore tlhapi e khetha libaka tsa ho paka moo ho leng thata ho fihlella ka ho ts'oasa lihlapi.
Litlhapi tse holileng ka mokhoa o ikemetseng li na le lintho tse ling tse kotsi, ka hona ha ho kgothaletswe ho e tšoasa libakeng tse joalo. Maemong a joalo, khetho e lokela ho fuoa batho ba tšoeroeng ke maemo a tlhaho.