Litaba tse monate: Mammoth a khutla ke bohato bo le bong bo haufi.

Sehlopha sa bo-ramahlale se bokaneng ho tsoa ho bo-rasaense ba tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e se atlehile ho tseba li-genomes tse peli tsa linatla tsena ka nako e le ngoe. Ka lebaka leo, tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ke sehlopha sena, qalong, e ile ea hlakisa nalane ea mofuta ona oa liphoofolo ka ho totobatsa libaka tse lefifi, 'me ea bobeli, ba fana ka lebaka la ho lebella hore letsatsi le tla tla leo litlou tsa pregistoric shaggy li tla ba hape Roam polanete ea rona. Mme, jwaloka ha boramahlale ba bolela, letsatsi lena le haufi feela.

Tsoho ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e se e atametse haholoanyane.

Ho sebetsa ka botebo ho ithuteng mofuta oa mammoth genome, ho fana ka lebaka la tšepo ea hore haufinyane mefuta ena ea baemeli ba megafauna ea khale e ka khutlela palo ea ba phelang.

Lintho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li boleletse bo-rasaense ka li-nuances hore, joalo ka ha ba bolela, ba lumella mammone hore e be mammel, e leng, ho ba mong'a kobo e telele e telele le mafura a mangata a ikhethileng, hammoho le manaka a maholo. Sena se fa bo-rasaense mofuta oa sebopeho sa tsela, se bonts'ang hantle se hlokang ho fetoloa mofuta oa litlou tsa Asia tsa morao-rao e le ho li etsa phoofolo e ts'oanang le liphoofolo tse anyesang, "ho boletse Hendrik Poynar, eo e leng hlooho ea Setsi sa Tlhaho ea Khale ea DNA, McMaster University.

Haufinyane, bo-rasaense ba tšepa hore ba tla tsosa liphoofolo tse anyesang.

Molekane oa hae oa lipatlisiso oa Harvard George Church, khoeling e fetileng feela, o bile le katleho e itseng ka ho qopitsa DNA ea litlou le litlou tse anyesang. Ka bomalimabe, limakasine tsa saense ha li na tlaleho ea mosebetsi oa tsona. Kahona sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore lipheo tse behiloeng ke George ha li sa le haufi le ho phethahala, empa ho na le tsoelo-pele e hlakileng, 'me o fana ka matla le cheseho ho barupeluoa ba bang morerong ona ho khutlisa tlou ea tlhaho.

Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore "mammoth" a mabeli a Russia e ile ea ba boitsebiso bakeng sa bafuputsi. E mong oa bona o ne a itsamaela ka sehlekehleke sa Wrangel lilemong tse ka bang 4300 tse fetileng, ha e mong a ile a fumana Siberia Bochabela lilemo tse likete tse mashome a mane pejana. Leqhubu la libaka tsena le ile la etsa hore ho bolokehe liphatsa tsa lefutso liseleng tsa liphoofolo tsena tse peli tse polar, tse lekanang lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, tse ileng tsa fana ka tlhaloso e nepahetseng hantle ea lilemo tse ngata tse fetileng tsa liphoofolo tsena.

Lisosa tse hlakileng tsa ho felisoa ha mammoth li thehiloe.

Joalokaha e ile ea tsebahala, nakoana pele palo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e qetella e shoele, e ile ea ba le konteraka ka matla, e ileng ea lebisa ho emiseng - ho hlahisa likhahla ka lifapano tse amanang haufi. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tsa limela li ile tsa fumana hore ho na le motho ea tloaetseng ho robala le motho ea joalo eo a qobelloang.

Ho ea ka Love Dallen ho tsoa Natural Museum Museum ea Sweden, ho ahlola ka mofuta, mammours a neng a lula Sehlekehlekeng sa Wrange a bile teng e le sehlotšoana sa lihlekehleke tse ka bang milione tse hlano, mme ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba lahleheloa ke phapang ea bona ea lefutso.

Empa DNA ea liphoofolo tsena ka bobeli e bolokile bopaki ba ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha palo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, tse etsahetseng ho tloha lilemong tse likete tse 250 ho isa ho tse 300 tse fetileng. Lebaka la ho felisoa hona ha e e-so ho tsejoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng, leha ho le joalo, re lula re na le bonnete ba hore, ka lebaka la phapang e atileng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, liphoofolo tse anyesang li ke ke tsa pholoha qaleho ea lilemo tsa leqhoa.

Na DNA e ka fumana thuso ho khutlisetsa mammone polaneteng ea rona?

Ho ea ka bo-rasaense, mosebetsi oa ho tsebisa mofuta oa mammoth o ne o batla o tšoana le mosebetsi oa saense. Ka molao, DNA ea liphoofolo tse shoeleng e na le likarolo tse ngata hape e na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphoofolo tse ling. Ka lebaka lena, e le hore re khone ho fumana, ho khetholla, ho khutlisetsa le ho utloisisa tatellano ea lefutso ea liphoofolo tsena tse peli tsa tlhaho, litsebi tsa lefutso li ile tsa tlameha ho kopa matla ohle ho thusa. Joalokaha Love Dallen a hlokometse, "ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphoofolo tse neng li felile ho ke ke ha fana ka monyetla oa ho se utloisise nalane ea tsona feela, empa hape se tla fana ka leseli la hore na hobaneng mefuta e meng ea tsona e timela ho hang."

Letlalo la mammone.

Re ka ts'epa feela hore lithuto tsena e ke ke ea e-ba tsa lefeela mme sena se tla pholosa "baahi" ba Red (mme eseng feela Red) Bukeng.

Haeba u fumana phoso, ka kopo khetha sekhechana sa mongolo ebe o tobetsa Ctrl + Kena.

Setšabelo sa ho qetela sa mammoth

E 'ngoe ea mabitla a maholohali a fumanehang seterekeng sa Novosibirsk sebakeng se bitsoang Wolf Mane. Ke letlotlo la 'nete bakeng sa paleontologists - khatello ea masala e kholo haholo mona. Likheo tsa pele li qalile bohareng ba lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, empa ho fihlela joale Wolf Mane o kenyellelitsoe litlalehong tsa litaba kamora ho phumulwa ho latelang moo ke bo-rasaense. Ho nahanoa hore setšeng se lekanyang motho ka lik'hilomithara tse robeli, masapo a mammone a likete tse 1,5 a phomotse. Le motsana o haufi le sebaka seo o ne o bitsoa Mamontov.

Ka la 22 Loetse, lefats'e le phatlalalitse litaba tseo bo-rasaense ba li sibolotseng Volchiev Mane e 'ngoe e ntseng e le teng ka tlaleho: ho fihlela ho 100 e fumanoang ka mitara e le ngoe. Sergei Leshchinsky, hlooho ea lefapha la tikoloho ea Mesozoic le Cenozoic ho TSU, ea nkileng karolo mekhoeng eo, o hlalosa ho bokella hona ka lipalo tse tloaelehileng: moo liphoofolo li leng telele ho feta, menyetla ea ho shoa ha tsona e kholo.

Ho latela Leshchinsky, mammoth a ile a hoheloa ke Wolf Mane ke liminerale tse ngata tse nang le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lik'hemik'hale. O itse: "Nakong ea ho falla, batho ba mashome kapa esita le makholo a batho ba ile ba potlakela moo ka nako e le 'ngoe. Hoa hlokomeleha hore Wolf Mane mohlomong ke setšabelo sa ho qetela sa liphoofolo tse anyesang ho fetisisa linaheng tse ling tsa Eurasia. Bo-rasaense ba Tomsk ba na le mofuta oa bona oa hore na ke eng linatla tse joalo li ileng tsa timela.

Leqheka la ho timela

Ho na le likhopolo tse peli tsa sehlooho tsa sesosa sa ho timela ho hoholo. Ea pele ke hore ba ile ba nyamela ka lebaka la phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e potlakileng. Ea bobeli e beha molato ho batho ba pele ba ileng ba ts'oants'a mammins ka tlhaselo ea morabe. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e na le liphoso. Hoa tsebahala hore mammoth a bile teng lilemo tse makholo a likete, a pholohile lilemo tse fetang le leqhoa le leng le futhumetseng. Bokhopo ba mali ba batho le bona ha bo hane ho nyatsuoa: libakeng tse ngata, mammoth a qala ho shoa le pele ho ponahalo ea motho moo.

TSOELA SEHLOOHO:

Leshchinsky o itse: "Joale monahano oaka oo ke o khothalelitseng o ntse o tumela - hona ke mohopolo oa geochemical," ho bolela Leshchinsky.

Ho latela monahano oa hae, ho felisoa ha mammoth ho khothalelitsoe ke tlala ea liminerale. Sena se netefatsoa ke maeto a liphoofolo tse anyesang ho ea ho Wolf Mane - liphoofolo tseo tse bileng le khatello ea methapo ea kutlo li potlakileng moo.

Rasaense oa Tomsk ha a ka a phatlalatsa hore boemo ba leholimo ba sejoale-joale bo ka lumellana le mammone. Empa o bontšitse ho belaela ka mohopolo oa tsosoloso ea bona. Leshchinsky o hlalositse, "Ke nahana hore hona ha ho na thuso - tlholeho e ba tlositse linthong tsa bona tsa khale. Leha ho le joalo, ha se bo-rasaense bohle ba nang le pono ena.

Ho na le tšepo

Bafuputsi ba Marussia ba tsoang Univesithing ea Leboea-Bochabela ba sebetsa ka bothata ba ho khutlisetsoa ha litlama ka tšebelisano-'moho le basebetsi ba Korea Boroa, ho boletse Semyon Grigoryev, moholo-holo ho Univesithing ea Mammoth Labor ho Yunivesithi.

"Haeba re ne re belaela ka morero oa tsosoloso ea mammone, mohlomong re ka be re sa senya nako. Ka khopolo, ho ka khonahala ho etsa sebopeho sa mammoth, "Grigoryev o itse. O ile a re bothata bo boholo ke ho fumana sele e phele - ho tloha ho lula nako e telele sebakeng sa permafrost, DNA e arohana ka likarolo tse sa lokeleheng ho kopantsoe.

Rasaense oa Yakutsk o ile a arolelana, a re: "Re ts'epa hore liseleng tse limilione, ho tla bolokoa sele e le 'ngoe e sebetsang, eo re tla khona ho e eketsa e le hore re tsebe ho e sebelisa. Baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba fumane li-jeans tse lilemo li likete tse 6

Haeba khoebo e atlehile, motsoako o joalo o tla hlahisoa ka lehe la tlou, ebe o latela ho beoa ha tlou ka popelong. Mme ka mohopolo, kamora likhoeli tse 22, mammone ea lekholo e lokela ho tsoaloa.

Ho na le tsela e 'ngoe - ho ithuta ka botlalo DNA ea mammelle e le ho etsa liphetoho tse lumellanang ho DNA ea mong ka eena ea haufi - tlou ea India. Setsebi sa liphatsa tsa lefutso sa Amerika George Church se etsa ka nepo tataiso ena.

Tlou e fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e ke ke ea fapana haholo le mammone, empa liphoso tse ling ha li na ho qojoa, Grigoryev o hlokometse, kaha liphetoho tse mashome a likete li tla tlameha ho etsoa ho genome ea tlou.

Hobane Russia e hloka “litlou” tsa eona

Leha ho le joalo, mammona a joalo a "maiketsetso" a tla khona ho tlisa melemo e mengata, kea kholoa Nikita Zimov, hlooho ea polokelo e ikhethang - Pleistocene Park ka leboea-bochabela ho Yakutia. Setsebi se tiisitse, "Haeba a ka phela serapeng sa rona sa lipula, a ja joang, a phela mariha, empa a rema lifate, ha ke hloke tse ling." O boetse a hlokometse mosebetsi oa Kereke mme a etsa tlhahiso ea hore "libopuoa" li tla hlaha ka lilemo tse 10-15.

Baqapi ba "Pleistocene Park" ba leka ho pheta-pheta tikoloho ea "mammoth tundra-steppes", e leng taelo ea tlhaho ea tlhahiso e phahameng haholo ho feta tundra. Hona joale liphoofolo tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang haholo li lula moo - likhama, likhama, musk, le bison li ile tsa lula sebakeng sa bison, 'me ho se ho fetile lilemo tse mashome a mabeli ba se ba fetotse mokhoa oa bona oa bolulo. Ho sibolla sesosa sa lefu la Mayans oa khale

Baqapi ba boetse ba rerile ho lula serapeng sa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ling - Litau tsa Cape tse nang le moholi o motenya o fetohang boea meqomong ea bona - litloholo tsa bona li bolokiloe Zoo ea Novosibirsk. Ho ea ka Zimov, haeba e atlehile, Kereke e boetse e rera ho rarolla mammoth a eona ho Pleistocene Park.

Li-mammoth li tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo ho tsosolositsoeng ha semelo sa pele se ruileng. “Ha e le hantle, sebaka se seholo sa Leboea le Holimo ha e le hantle ke lehoatata le se nang letho. Ho tsosolosoa ha mammoth tundra steppes ke kabelo e kholo ho baahi ba lehae le naha ka bophara, ”Zimov o phethile.

Nakong ea mammoth, naha ena e ne e fepa li-herbivores tse limilione eseng ka tlase ho li-savannah tsa Afrika.

Zimov o bontšitse kholiseho ea hore mammoth a ka ba teng maemong a sejoale ho haola le Siberia, hobane nakong e fetileng li ne li fumanoa Eurasia ho tloha Spain ho ea Chaena le ho tloha sebakeng sa Novosibirsk ho ea fihla Leoatleng la Arctic. Ba ne ba tla ikamahanya le phepelo ea lijo, mme maemong ao ba ne ba ka hlorisoa masimong a polasi. "Haeba o hlahisa mammona lebaleng la koro, o tla thabela ho e mathela, 'me ho joalo, o tla thaba."

Empa le haeba liteko tsa bo-ramahlale li sa roaloa katleho, ho sebetsa ka matlafatso ea mammone ho ntse ho tla lefa, ho bolela Semyon Grigoriev. O hlalositse: "Sena se tla thusa ho theha mahlale a mang a tla pholosa mefuta e kotsing ea ho phela ea liphoofolo tse phelang." Mme malome, a re, leha a se a shoele, o se a ntse a thusa ho boloka litlou - ka lebaka la mashome a likete tsa li-mammus tusks tse halikiloeng, tlhokeho ea manaka a litlou e fokotsehile, mme sena se thusa ho pholohe.