Sekhahla sa ho tšoasa litlhapi sa Russia, se etsang karolo ea 40% ea litlhapi tse halibut, salmon, pollock, cod le Western Kamchatka, ke Leoatle la Okhotsk. Mathata a tikoloho a sebaka sena a etsa hore polelo ena e belaelle. Ho cheka kantle ho naha le nts'etsopele ea moruo oa sebaka se hole sa Bochabela ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa moruo oa naha ea rona. Empa ha li na thuso bakeng sa mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Okhotsk, ao re tla a tšohla ka bokhutšoanyane sehloohong sena.

Jiografi

Ho tloha ka 2014, lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 52 tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk li abetsoe Russia ke UN. Leoatle lena le bohareng ba naha ea rona le arohantsoe ke Pacific ke lihlekehleke tsa Hokkaido le Sakhalin, Hloahloeng ea Kamchatka le Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril. Sebaka se felletseng sa bophahamo ba leoatle ke lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse likete tse 1603, botebo bo phahameng bo batla bo lekana le limilone tse likete tse 'ne,' me bohareng ke limithara tse 1780. Ho tloha ka Mphalane ho fihlela ka Phuptjane, karolo e ka leboea ea leoatle e aparetsoe ke leqhoa. Cupid e phallang ka botlalo le Kukhtuy le Okhota tse nyane li phallela ka leoatleng. E bile ka lebitso la morao-rao moo e ileng ea reha lebitso la, leha e ne e kile ea bitsoa Lamsky le Kamchatsky.

Matšoao a Abiotic

Molao oa mocheso oa metsi lehlabula ke +10. +18 ° C, mariha - ho fihla ho - 2 ° C. Sena se sebetsa moholeng o ka holimo, 'me ka botebo ba limithara tse fetang tse 50, karolo e bohareng ea metsi e boloka mocheso o sa feleng selemo ho pota, e leng +1.7 ° C. Boleng ba metsi holim'a metsi bo tsoa liperesente tse 32,8 ho isa ho tse 33,8. Karolong e bohareng, letsoai le holimo hanyane (34,5%). Linakong tsa linoka tsa metsi a hloekileng, hangata ha li feta 30%. Sebaka se sephara sa Okhotsk se sephara, e leng karolo ea k'honthinente ea Yuropa, le sona se khatholla haholo. Leha ho le joalo, sebaka sena sohle se bonahala ka mosebetsi o mongata oa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše, libaka tse ka bang 30 tse foqohang seretse se chesang.

Boleng ba moruo

Ena ke sebaka sa setso sa ho tšoasa litlhapi le lijo tsa leoatleng tse kang makhoaba le leoatle. Karolo ea Tsela ea Leoatle Leboea e feta Leoatleng la Okhotsk. Likou tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa sebaka sa Bochabela bo Hare li lebopong la eona: Magadan, Severo-Kurilsk, Korsakov (Sakhalin) le Okhotsk. Sebakeng sa Sakhalin se ka thōko ho leoatle, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa hydrocarbon li ntse li etsoa. Ho latela likhakanyo tsa sejoale-joale, ho na le lithane tse 8 - 12 billion tsa mafura a tloaelehileng. Sena se ka fihla ho 12% ea mehloli eohle e ka khonehang ea polokelo ea naha le ho fihlela 4% ea menyetla ea naha ea li-hydrocarbons.

Leoatle la Leoatle la Okhotsk

Mefuta ea libaka tse lebopong la leoatle le lihlekehleke tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk le na le mefuta e mengata ebile le ikhethile. Ho na le libaka tse fetang 150 tse lebopong la leoatle le tse 12 tsa leoatle sebakeng seo. Palo eohle e atamela batho ba limilione tse 11, ba emeloang ke mefuta e 15. Ka leoatleng, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litiiso tsa boea, mangau, liqibi, maruarua a ka leboea (sperm whale), maruarua a bolaeang le liphororo tsa metsi. Ho na le lishaka tsa salmon, katranas, li-stingrays tse 'maloa. Li-stock tse kholo tsa tlhapi (ho fihlela mefuta e 200), e emeloang ke pollock, cod, mefuta e 'maloa ea flounder, herring, salmon le mefuta e meng e mengata ea litlhapi, e khetholla ho ba teng ha mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Mefuta e mengata e mengata ea li-invertebrates (mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans) le limela tse ngata tsa leoatle tse nang le metsi a leoatle li kenya letsoho phapang ea mefuta.

Crab parade le phytoplankton e ikhethang

Leoatle lena ke la pele lefatseng ka bongata litorong tsa mefuta ea khoebo ea crustaceans. 80% ea lefats'e ea tlhahiso ea koae ea Kamchatka e hlahisoa Leoatleng la Okhotsk. Litaba tsa tikoloho li beha liqoso tsena kotsing, ka ha li-crustaceans ke matšoao a ho hloeka ha metsi. Kamchatka Crab mona e fihla ho 1.5 cm ho leoto la bolelele le boima ba li-kilos tse tharo. Phytoplankton e emeloa ke diatoms. Leoatle le na le 'mala o sootho (kelp), o mofubelu le o motala.

Likarolo le lisebelisoa tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk

Sebaka sa ho ts'oasa Leoatle la Okhotsk ke lisekoere tse likete tse 1603. km., botebo bo phahameng ke 3916 m, ka kakaretso ke limithara tse 821. Mebaraka ea khoebo e emeloe ke mefuta e 40 ea litlhapi, ho kenyelletsa le bass ea leoatle, navaga, herring, pollock, cod. Salmon - chum salmon, salmon e pinki, salmon ea pinki, salmon e atile, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea Crab (sebaka sa 1 lefatšeng). Ho tloha botebong ba leoatle, bo nang le liphallelo tse fapaneng, ho ntšoa thepa e sa tsoakoang ea oli le hydrocarbon. Litsela tsa leoatle li hokahanya Vladivostok le Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril. Lintho tsena kaofela li susumetsa sebopeho sa tikoloho ea Leoatle la Okhotsk.

Tšilafalo ea oli

Leoatle la Okhotsk, haholo, metsi a hlatsoang Hloahloeng ea Kamchatka, ho fihlela joale a nkoa a hloekile haholo. Ka tekanyo e kholo, sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore tšimong ena ha ho na merafo le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tse tala tsa liminerale, ebile ha ho na likhoebo tse kotsi tsa tikoloho.

Linōka tsohle tsa Kamchatka le matamo a entsoe ka liminerale tse nyane, li tšoauoa ka puso ea oksijene e khotsofatsang le tšilafalo e fokolang, ka lebaka la ho se be teng ha mehloli e meholo ea tšilafalo sebakeng seo.

Linōka tse lebopong le ka leboea-bophirima le bophirima li feta le thoteng ea Western Kamchatka, moo ho nang le mekotla e mengata ea peat. Hammoho le metsi a maro, linoka li na le bongata bo bongata ba masalla a limela, li-organic organ phenols le phenols. Maemong a mang, lihlahisoa tsa oli tse ngata metsing a noka li eketseha, e leng ka lebaka la ho hoholoa ke sefefo le ho qhibiliha metsi ho tsoa libakeng tsa polokelo ea mafura le litlolo.

Ha e le hantle, ho na le litaba tse ngata tsa lihlahisoa tsa peterole libakeng tseo likepe tsa metsing li kenelletseng ho tsona. Empa ka lebaka la ketso ea maqhubu, ho phalla le ho phalla, litaba tsa tsona ka metsing li fokotseha ka potlako, metsi ha a felle ka bongata bo lekaneng bo lumelloang ke lintho tse kotsi bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ho tloha mohloling oa tšilafalo.

Kotsi e kholo ea tlhahiso ea oli

Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, lebopo la Leoatle la Okhotsk, ha le bapisoa le libaka tse ling tsa maoatle a Bochabela bo Hare, le ile la lula le hloekile 'me le beha haholo. Leha ho le joalo, boemo bo ka fetola haholo phello e lebelletsoeng ea ho phenya le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa peterole, tse sokelang ho eketsa tšilafalo ea anthropogenic.

Hangata liketso tse joalo li lebisa phetohong ea boleng ba metsi, sebopeho sa sechaba le sebopeho, ho fokotseha ha mefuta-futa ea lihlahisoa le ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea bio.

Hydrocarbon e nkoa e le ntho e ka sehloohong e nang le chefo ea olikhona ho bokella likokoana-hloko, ho hlahisa chefo. Lintho tse monko o monate tse tsoang mononong (lihora tse 5-50 / lihora tse 1 tsa metsi) li kotsi bophelong ba metsing ba maoatle. Oli e tala, leha e le maemong a tlase haholo, e chesa tlase le liphofu tsa planktonic.

Tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ha ho ithutoa ka sekhahla sa ho bola ha lihlahisoa tsa peterole metsing a Leoatle la Okhotsk ho bontša ho lieha ho bola haholo. Ka lebaka la maqhubu a moea le a manyane, oli e phalla libakeng tse telele, ka hona e ama hampe tikoloho ea tikoloho ea metsi e tlositsoeng haholo sethaleng.

Tšilafalo ea oli

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa tšilafalo ea oli li amahanngoa le ho tebeloa ha lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng ke libaka tsa ntlafatso tsa oli tse sebakeng se lebopong la leoatle, likepe tsa likepe, hammoho le tlhahiso ea oli e tsoang Leoatleng la Okhotsk. Tšilafalo e boetse e tsoa metsing a linoka a phallang ka leoatleng. Ka thuso ea moea le maqhubu a matla, sebaka se seholo sa leoatle se koahetsoe ka filimi ea oli.

Mathata a tikoloho a hlaha ka lebaka la hydrocarbon e nang le chefo e fumanehang ho oli, e bokellanang linthong tse phelang: oli e sa tsoakoang, esita le maemong a sa tsotelleng, makhopho a metsing a leoatleng.

Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e liehang ea ho itlhoekisa leoatleng, ho bola ha oli ho nka nako e telele. Liphello:

• liphetoho meahong le metsing a leoatle,
• ho fokotseha ha litlhapi le bophelo bo bong ba metsing,
• fokotseha tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa leoatleng.

Lihlahisoa tsa oli ka metsing

Tsela ea Tsela ea Leoatle le Leboea e feta leoatleng, 'me mathata a tikoloho ea Leoatle la Okhotsk ha a bakoe ke palo e kholo ea likepe le litanka tsa metsi a eona. Lisebelisoa li senya maemo a tikoloho hampe ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Hona ke phetoho masimong a acoustic, magneti, radiation, motlakase le mafura sebakeng sa metsi. Mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Okhotsk a bakoa ke litšila tsa ntlo le liindasteri, metsi a litšila le lihlahisoa tsa matla a mollo. Le ha ho tsamaisa thepa e se bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa, ha ua lokela ho ngola lebaka lena.

Ke eng hape e lebisang mathateng a tikoloho Leoatleng la Okhotsk?

Tšilafalo ea moea

Likoloi tsa metsi, ho kenyelletsa likepe tsa likepe, likepe tsa ntoa, likepe tse tsamaisang thepa le tse tsamaisoang ke batho, likepe tse sebetsanang le ho ts'oasa lihlapi, jj.

Litsebi li supa mehloli ea mantlha ea litlamorao tse mpe tsa sekepe se sepakapakeng, biology le hydrosphere:

1. tšimo ea acoustic
2. matla a boloi,
3. tšimo ea radiation
4. lebaleng la motlakase,
5. tšimo ea mafura
6. litšila tsa lapeng,
7. litšila tsa indasteri
8. metsi a litšila,
9. metsi a mafura a mangata
10. lihlahisoa tsa mollo

Leha taba ea hore likepe tsa leoatle ha li etelle pele ho ama tikoloho tikolohong, mofuta ona oa ts'ebetso ea mahlale ha oa lokela ho nyahlatsoa, ​​ka lebaka la kholiseho e kholo ea indasteri ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le likepe tsa likepe libakeng tse se nang letho tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk.

Shebella videoLeoatle la Okhotsk

Ntshetsopele ea kantle ho naha

Ho hlahisoa ha hydrocarbon sebakeng se ka thoko ho Leoatle la Okhotsk ke bothata ba tikoloho bo ka bang teng. Mekhatlo ea tikoloho ea Sakhalin le Kamchatka ke khale e leka ho hulela mekhatlo ea mmuso le sechaba ka likotsi tse re letetseng tseleng ena. Mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Okhotsk le litsela tsa ho a rarolla li amana haholo le ho netefatsa litekanyetso tsa polokeho ea lefats'e ho lik'hamphani tsa oli. Ntle le moo, hydrocarbon - ntho e ka sehloohong e nang le chefo ea oli - e bokellana le lintho tse phelang, esita le ha e le karolo ea 550 ka karolo e le 'ngoe ea metsi, e kotsi bophelong ba metsing. 'Me oli e sa reng letho ka litekanyetso tse nyane e bolaea ntho e ka sehloohong mokokotlong oa lijo - semela se ka tlase le plankton ea liphoofolo.

Tsamaiso ea tlhaho e seng molaong

Ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse sa ts'oanang le ho ts'oasa masholu ho lebisa ho mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Okhotsk. Hona ke tlolo ea melaoana ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi le ho feta tekanyo ea tlhahiso. Hona joale kajeno, setoko sa crustaceans (Kamchatka crab), salmon (East Sakhalin pinki salmon) le mefuta e meng e mengata ea khoebo e se e sa sebetse. Merero ea morao-rao ea molao Seterekeng sa Sakhalin e nahana ka ho fokotsa le ho fokotsa ho ts'oasa lihlapi tsa indasteri le lijo tsa leoatleng. Ntle le moo, ho tloha ka 2014, ntoa ea ho loants'a litlhapi tsa poaching e matlafalitsoe mona.

Libopuoa tse makatsang tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk

Ke sebakeng sena feela moo ho nang le libōpuoa tse 'maloa tse hlollang tseo batho ba fokolang ba tsebang ka tsona. Mohlala, setsebi sa leoatle sa April. Phoofolo e anyesang e sa tloaelehang e lulang sebakeng se lebopong ea leoatle e ja litlhapi le lihlapi tsa leoatle. Ntle le moo, e tloaelehile ho baahi ba lehae ho tloha tšenyo ea likepe le likotsi tsa mefuta e mengata ea tlasa metsi. Mohlape oa liphoofolo tsena tse nyane o hlasela ntja e kholo 'me oa e ja. Kapa sekepe sa lehae sa leoatleng - catfish (lelapa la perch), eo hape e tsejoang ka mefuta e mengata. Se ke oa ja, empa oa loma ka boomo mme o roba wetsuit. Kapa sebōpuoa se makatsang le se sa tloaelehang - likomkomere tsa leoatle. Trepang (echinoderms ea mofuta oa holothurian), haeba ho ka ba kotsi, o ipehela sera ka matla a bona a chefo. Lintho tsa bona tse chefo li sebelisoa ke motho ho etsa meriana le litlatsetso tse fapaneng.

Lisebelisoa tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk le mathata a tikoloho ea Pacific a tlas'a tlhatlhobo ea ba boholong pusong. Ka lebaka la bohlokoa ba tikoloho ena karolong ea khoebo le matla a moruo oa naha, ho kenyelletsa le mananeo a tikoloho bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea biota ea tikoloho, ho thehwa ha lenaneo la tikoloho la koporasi le ho lebelletsoe.

Tšilafalo ea nyutlelie

Kotsi e ka bang teng ea tšilafalo ea radioactive e emeloa ke lintho tse chesoang ke letsatsi le likhohola mabapi le tahlehelo ea lithibelo tsa bona tsa ts'ireletso. Linyeoe tse tsebahalang:

1. Ka 1987, setsi sa motlakase sa radioisotope se ile sa tsamaisoa ka helikopthara ntlong e telele ea lebone, eo, ka lebaka la mathata a ileng a ba teng nakong ea sefofane, se ile sa liheloa Leoatleng la Okhotsk pela Sakhalin. Kamora lilemo tse 4, lefapha la sesole le ile la laeloa ho fumana sesebelisoa, empa ha se a ka a phethahala.
2. Ka 1997, bafofisi ba lifofane ba sechaba ba ile ba akhela mohloli oa mocheso oa radioisotope (RTG) sebakeng sa metsi haufi le Cape Mariae amanang le sehlopha sa kotsi sa pele. Jenereithara e tlositsoe leoatleng ka 2007.
3. Ho latela basebetsi ba Setsi sa Patlisiso sa Kurchatov, li-RTG tse ling tse 39 li sebelisitsoe ke likhohola Leoatleng la Okhotsk tlolo ea litlhoko tsa tikoloho.

Tšilafalo ea radioadio e koahetsoeng ke Leoatle la Okhotsk e tla ba kotsi ho Russia ka lilemo tse 600-800. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho etsa boporofeta bo ka tšeptjoang mabapi le phello ea lintho tse likhohola ts'ebetsong ea leoatle la Okhotsk le palo ea baahi ka lebaka la khaello ea data ka boemo ba bona.

Tlhaloso ea Leoatle la Okhotsk

Letangoana lena le hlatsoa haufi le mabopo a Russia le Japane. E arohantsoe ke Leoatle la Pacific ke Hloahlo ea Kamchatka, Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril le sehlekehleke sa Hokkaido. Empa ha e sa nkoe e le leoatle le ka hare ho naha, leha e buisana le metsi a leoatle feela ka har'a mathata. Leoatle la Okhotsk ke e 'ngoe ea tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa Russia: botebo ba eona bo boholo bo fihla lik'hilomithara tse' ne. Sebaka sa polokelo le sona se seholo - li-kilomitara tse likete tse 'maloa le halofo. Karolo eohle e ka leboea ea leoatle e koahetsoe ke leqhoa nako e fetang likhoeli tse tšeletseng, e thatafatsang mesebetsi ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le likhokahanyo tsa lipalangoang. Ka boroa-bochabela, lebopong la Japane, Leoatle la Okhotsk le batla le sa koahele 'me metsi a lona a na le litlhapi le limela tse ngata. Bohlokoa ba polokelo ena bo boetse bo kenyelletsa taba ea hore lebopo la eona le entsoe haholo ebile le na le mehala e mengata. Likarolo tse ling ha li na maemo a pherekano, a bakang sefefo se matla le litsunami. Linōka tse tharo tse kholo - Amur, Okhota le Kukhtuy - li phallela Leoatleng la Okhotsk. Mathata a eona a tikoloho a boetse a amahanngoa le libaka tseo a fetang ho tsona.

Lisebelisoa tsa tikoloho ena

Leoatle la Okhotsk ha le na lihlapi tse ngata haholo ka lebaka la puso ea lona ea mocheso. Empa le ha ho le joalo ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho nts'etsitsoe. Lisebelisoa tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk le mathata a tikoloho a tikolohong eo a amana haufi-ufi. Ka sebele, ke ka lebaka la likepe tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le tlhahiso ea oli moo lintho tse phelang li utloang bohloko. Litlhapi tsa leoatle tsa bohlokoa li tšoasoa tikolohong: navagu, pollock, herring, flounder. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi tsa salmon - chum, salmon e pinki, salmon ea coho le ba bang. Ntle le moo, ho na le makhopho a leoatle a tsebahalang haholo linaheng tse ngata, ho na le li-squid le li-urchins tsa leoatle. Ho na le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng Leoatleng la Okhotsk: liqibi, liqibi, liqibi tsa boea le maruarua. Li-algae tse khubelu le tse sootho li tloaelehile, hape ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho tšoasa litlhapi.Ho ile ha fumanoa li-depositi tsa oli le khase hammoho le tšepe tse ling tse fumanehang sebakeng sa matlong a polokelo.

Lefatše la liphoofolo le limela

Mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle la Okhotsk a amana haholo le taba ea hore mefuta e meng ea litlhapi le liphoofolo tsa metsing e ntse e nyamela. Tse amehang ka ho khetheha ke maruarua le litiiso tsa boea tse batlang li felisoa. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho loants'a liphofu le ho ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang. Mokoallo oa mefuta ea bohlokoa ea litlhapi tsa khoebo, haholo-holo salmon, le ona o fokotsehile haholo. Ka lebaka lena le ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea metsi a leoatle ka lihlahisoa tsa oli, boleng ba tsona ba khoebo bo se bo le tlase haholo. Maemo a leholimo a fapaneng a boetse a ama palo ea mohloa o kotuloang litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa malapa.

Tharollo Leoatleng la Okhotsk

Ba qalile ho bua ka tikoloho ea tikoloho eo qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Ke ka nako ena moo litsebi tsa tikoloho li ileng tsa lla ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha tšilafalo ea oli ea metsi. Ntle le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho ho theosa le lilemo, likhetho tse 'maloa li behiloe pele ho ntlafatsa maemo sebakeng:

- ba khothalelitse ho fetola Kamchatka le metsi a haufi le eona ho ba sebaka sa polokelo ea motlakase oa machaba se kentsoeng lenaneng la Litsi tsa Lefatše tsa Ts'ireletso,

Tlhahiso e 'ngoe ke ho aha bocha moruo oa naha oa Kamchatka le ho o lokolla likarolo tse se nang thuso.

- Ho lumeloa hore ho bohlokoa haholo ho fa Leoatle la Okhotsk boemo ba leoatle le ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Russia. Sena se tla thusa ho qoba mathata a mangata: ho tšoasa litlhapi tse seng molaong, tšilafalo ea metsi ka likepe tsa linaha tse ling,

- Ho bohlokoa haholo ho loants'oa ho fetoloa ha liphoofolo tsa metsing ka bongata - ho ts'oasa polao.

Ha o ka rarolla tharollo ea mathata a tikoloho tikolohong eo, o ka boloka tikoloho e ikhethang ea Leoatle la Okhotsk.

Tšilafalo ea oli

Metsi a pele a Leoatle la Okhotsk a ne a nkoa a hloekile haholo. Hona joale, maemo a fetohile ka lebaka la tlhahiso ea oli. Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba leoatle ke tšilafalo ea metsi ke lihlahisoa tsa oli. Ka lebaka la oli e kenang sebakeng sa metsi, sebopeho le sebopeho sa liphetoho tsa metsi, tlhahiso ea leoatle e fokotseha, 'me bongata ba litlhapi le baahi ba fapaneng ba metsing ba leoatle boa fokotseha. Tšenyo e ikhethang e bakoa ke hydrocarbon, e leng karolo ea oli, hobane e na le matla a ho chesa lintho tse phelang. Ha e le mohato oa ho itlhoekisoa, o lieha haholo. Mohloa o oa bola nakong ea nako e telele metsing a leoatle. Ka lebaka la moea le maqhubu a matla, oli ea hasana 'me e koahela libaka tse kholo tsa' mele oa metsi.

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Mefuta e meng ea tšilafalo

Ntle le moo, oli e tšeloa setsing sa leoatle la Okhotsk, ho ntšoa thepa e fumanehang ka liminerale mona. Ha linoka tse 'maloa li phalla ka leoatleng, metsi a litšila a oela ho lona. Sebaka sa metsi se silafalitsoe ke mafura le litlolo. Lithako tsa ka tlung le tsa indasteri li lahleloa linokeng tsa beisine ea Okhotsk, e ntseng e mpefatsa boemo ba tikoloho ea leoatle.

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Likepe tse fapaneng, likepe tsa likepe le likepe li na le tšusumetso e mpe ho boemo ba leoatle, haholo-holo ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mefuta e fapaneng ea mafura. Likoloi tsa metsing li ntša mahlaseli le tšilafalo ea matla a motlakase, a motlakase le asiti. Ha se sebaka sa ho qetela lenaneng lena ke tšilafalo ke litšila tsa lelapa.

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Leoatle la Okhotsk ke sebaka sa moruo sa Russia. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea batho, haholo-holo ea indasteri, botsitso ba tikoloho le sisteme ena ea hydraulic bo ile ba senyeha. Haeba batho ba sa fetole likelello tsa bona ka nako, mme ba qala ho rarolla mathata ana, ho na le monyetla oa ho senya leoatle ka botlalo.

Tšilafalo ea metsing

Tsamaiso ea metsi e nkuoa e le mohloli oa tšusumetso ea theknoloji. Bongata ba likepe le likepe tsa likepe li haola le Leoatle la Okhotsk. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore ke ka lebaka leo Route ea Leoatle le Leboea e fetang ka lona. Likepe tse tsamaeang ka sekepe le likepe li senya botsitso ba tikoloho le tikoloho.

Tšusumetso e mpe e bakoa ke tšusumetso ea masimo a makhopho, matla a khoheli, radiation, masimo a motlakase le a futhumetseng ka metsing. Ntle le moo, lihlahisoa tse sebelisang mafura li lahloa kherehloa. Sebaka sa Leoatle la Okhotsk se nyane, 'me palo ea batho ba tsamaisang metsi e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo, hobane ena ke eona feela tsela ea ho buisana le Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril, Sakhalin Island le Kamchatka.

40% ea batšoasi ba litlhapi e thehiloe lijong tsa leoatleng tse tsoang Leoatleng la Okhotsk. Likepe tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le litlhapi li sebetsa moo. Ntle le moo, litanka, likepe tsa ntoa le likepe tse tsamaisang thepa, likepe tsa baeti tse tsamaeang ka Nokeng ea Leoatle le Leboea li bile le phello e mpe.

Ho senyeha ha biogeocenosis ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa lihlapi

Phokotso ea mehloli ea lihlahisoa tsa Leoatle la Okhotsk le mathata a tikoloho ke likhopolo tse peli tse hokahaneng.

Tšimong, nako ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi e tlosoa khafetsa, 'me molumo oa tlhahiso le eona o fetisoa.

E na le mefuta ea bohlokoa ea litlhapi: navaga, pollock, herring, flounder. Hape, baemeli ba salmon ba lula ho eona: chum, salmon e pinki, salmon ea coho le ba bang. Leoatle la Okhotsk le linaheng tse ling le bitsoa parab parade. Hoo e ka bang 80% ea tlhahiso ea lefatše ea Kamchatka crab e hlahisoa hantle metsing a leoatle lena.

Baahi ba leoatle ba tsebahala ka boholo ba bona. E fihla ho 1.5 metres ka bophara ba paws, mme boima bo feta 3 kg. Ntle le moo, li-urin tsa squid le tsa leoatle li lula moo. Mammal a emeloa ke litiiso, litiiso, liqibi tsa boea le maruarua. Mofuta o moputsoa le o mofubelu o ka boela oa khetholloa e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa khoebo.

Ka lebaka la hore crustaceans ke sesupo sa bohloeki ba metsi, makhala a kotsing ea ho fela. Ntle le moo, masholu a susumetsa sena, a nyenyefatsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mefuta ea khoebo ea baahi ba maoatle.

Leoatle lena ke la bohlokoa haholo karolong ea khoebo le ea matla moruong oa Russia. Kajeno, ha ho nahanoe feela mananeo a tikoloho bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea biota ea tikoloho, empa nts'etsopele ea lenaneo la tikoloho la bohlokoa ba mmuso le eona e lebelletsoe.

Mekhoa ea ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho

Ho hlokomela botebo ba bothata bo hlahileng ba tikoloho ho ile ha khutla ho elella bofelong ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Ho nahaneloa mathata a tikoloho kajeno ho etsoa maemong a federa mme ho hloka matsete a bohlokoa a lichelete. Mekhoa ea ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho ea Leoatle la Okhotsk:

• taolo ea boholo ba nako le nako ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa ho sheba tlase le ho ferekana ha baahi ba metsing a leoatle,
• Pōpo ea tikoloho e nolofalletsang hore e hlahisoe ka mollusk, shrimp, algae, e hloekisang metsi a tlhaho,
• Kenyelletso ea mahlale a morao-rao a ho hloekisa libaka tse lebopong,
• ho lekola lits'ebetso tsa metsi a litšila, kaho ea babokelli ho latela litokomane tse amoheloang,
• ho theha lebanta la moru ho thibela ho kenella ha manyolo a temo ka metsing.

Ho hlokomoloha mathata ho tla ama microflora ea leoatle ea Leoatle la Okhotsk le metsi a lefatše a lekanang.

Motho e mong le e mong o ikarabella bakeng sa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Ho utloisisa botebo ba boemo ke halofo ea katleho. Tsela feela e tebileng ea ho fumana tharollo le ho e sebelisa e tla thusa ho qoba mathata a tikoloho lefatšeng ka bophara le ho boloka lintho tse phelang Leoatleng la Okhotsk.