E fumaneha metsing a leoatle, a brackish le a hloekileng. E lula Koung ea Yenisei, 'metso oa Yenisei, Noka ea Pyasin, Boganida, Khantayka, likarolo tse tlase tsa Noka ea Khatanga, hammoho le matšeng a Keta, Labaz, Lama. Letšeng la Keta ho na le lipeeletso - "Kravchuk's" Triglopsis quadricornis krawtschukii Mikhalev, 1962 (Bogutskaya, Naseka, 2004, mefuta e fapaneng ea litlhapi tsa Taimyr, 1999).
Mmala o moputsoa o lefifi ka 'mala o sootho. Masiba a moea a ka har'a 'metso. Masiba a na le metopa kapa a na le matheba a lefifi. Li-membrana tsa gill ha li bokelloe sebakeng se kahare 'me li thehe mahala. Ho preoperculum, ho buuoa li-spikes tse 4. Slingshot ea Kravchuk, senokoane sa bone se bokhutšoanyane. Bolelele ba 'mele lihloeng tsa leoatle bo fihla ho 28 cm, ka likutung tsa leoatle - ho fihlela 40 cm. Motheo oa phepo e nepahetseng ke litlhapi le lihlahisoa tsa zoobenthos. Ho mela ho etsahala ka Mots'eanong-Pherekhong; likhahla li hlaha ka Mots'eanong. Eseng mofuta oa khoebo.

TLHOKOMELISO EA SLINGSHIEL

Poho ea siling e phela bophelo bo tlase. Ka bobeli bana le batho ba baholo ba mamella ka mokhoa o phallang ho fetoha ha letsoai hape ba fumanoa metsing a letsoai le le letle haholo. E behiloe moqomong oa lebopong. Litlhapi tsa goby-slingshot tsa metsi a batang a leboea (mefuta ea arctic).

E etsahala hoetla kapa mariha, ka Pherekhong - Pherekhong Leoatleng la Baltic, ka Pherekhong - qalong ea Hlakubele Lake Lakeoga.

Li-larvae tse sa tsoa chekoa tsa Baltic li bolelele ba 9-11,5 mm; mahlaseli a makhopho a fapana ha lehare le fihla ho 14-15 mm. Bolelele ba mafura a 19-27 mm kahare ho Gulf of Ob e bolokiloe melomong ea noka le sebakeng se metsi, haholoholo mobung tse nang le silika.

Poho ea letjeketjane e fihla ho 25-30, ka seoelo e le 37 cm ka bolelele (abs.) (Foromo ea Alaskan - ho fihla ho 60 cm, foromo ea Onega - ho fihla ho 12,7 cm) le boima bo fetang 255 cm. 20.5-21.5 cm le 84.9-114.3 g (banna le basali).

Mefuta ea letangoana la silingshot e hola ka ho hola ka thobalano kamora ho fihla bolelele ba cm 9.5-11.6 (Lake Osunden).

Malinyane a slingshot a fepa liphoofolo tse ka tlase. Sebakeng sa Gulf of Ob, M. quadricornis labradoricus e fumanoe ho 90% ea linyeoe tsa lehloa la leoatleng, Mesidothea, ho 8% ea linyeoe tsa Amphipoda, esita le hanngoe ea mofuta oa eona. Ladoga slingshot, M. quadricornis lonnbergi, e rata ho lula botebong mme e fepa haholo ho li-crustaceans (Pallasea quadrispinosa, Mysis relicta, Gammaracanthus loricatus).

HORSE FISHES

Boleng ba poho ea siling e ntse e le nyane haholo, e ts'oaroa Leoatleng le Letšo le Bohemian Bay ka 1930-1941. e ne e le 120-180 c. Namane e linaka e fumaneha ka bongata ho Gulf of Ob 'me, ntle le moo, e ka ba ntho ea ho tšoasa litlhapi tse khethehileng. Ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea poho ea slingshot ea hlokahala mme ts'ebetsong ha e nchafetse kapa e sa lehloa, empa e boetse e le ka mokhoa oa lijo tse ka makotikoting.

Mahlale le mokhoa oa ho ts'oasa lihlapi

Mokhoa oa ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa poho ea siling ha e so hlahisoe, 'me ha ho na tlhahiso ea kalafo e khethehileng kapa e ratoang e kileng ea etsoa. Poho e siling e tšoasoa joalo ka litlhapi tse ling, tse atisang ho tšoaroa ke lere la ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Bullhorn e fumaneha e le ncha. Nakong ea ho pheha, letlalo le tlosoa ebe hlooho e khaoloa. Sebete sa poho ea siling e ntle.

Ke mang?

Slingshot (Triglopsis girard) - tlhapi ea lelapa la slingshot (kerchakov). Li-slingshots le tsona li bitsoa likolobe tse linaka li 'ne kapa kerchak e linaka li 'ne. Ke nnete, lelapa la Kerchakov ke la boholo ba litlhapi tsa metsing, hobane ka tlholeho ha ho na li-slingshots tsa leoatleng feela, empa le metsi a hloekileng. bullheads.

Paramethara:

Ho slingshot litlhapi mmele o hlobotseng , hantlentle ntle le sekala. Li-membrane tsa gill li theha lesaka. Mmele o na le sebopeho se tlase, mme bokapele ba tlhapi bo bopehile hanyane. E fihlella bolelele25 cm lemaseleseho fihlela ho ligrama tse 320. Bolelele bo phahameng ba mefuta ea metsing ke lisenthimithara tse 40, boima ke 500 g, ea mefuta ea letša e ho fihlela 20-25 cm. Mmele oa tlhapi ea letjeketjane sebopeho-sebopeho. Hlooho e kholo ka lihlopha tse peli tsa li-tubercles tse boletsoeng. Bophelo lilemo tse fetang 11.

Phepo e nepahetseng:

Phepo e nepahetseng e akaretsa ho tsoa libopuoa tse tlase, haholo amphipods le mysids.

1. Lehlabuleng, li-slingshots li fepa litlhapi haholo leoatleng; li tšoasa litlhapi ka herring, li qhibiliha, li fofa, sfrod cod, whitefish le stickleback.
2. Mariha, boholo ba lijo li entsoe ka crustaceans, liboko, mollusks le makhala. Ntle le moo, limela tsa algae le tsa metsing le tsona lia sebelisoa.

1. Slingshot larvae ea chironomids, mollusks le litlhapi tse nyane, haholo-holo li-whitefish, li sebelisoa linokeng le matšeng. Hape caviar ea bona ke ntho e ratehang.

Ho hlahisa:

Li-slingshots li hlaha haholo nakong ena Hlakubele - Pherekhong ha thempereichara ea metsi e batla e le -1 degree. Ho mela ho feta tlasa leqhoa, botebong ba limithara tse 1-1,5.

E tšehali e behela mahe majoeng. Caviar e na le 'mala oa mohloaare o lefifi, ka hona, e patehile hantle har'a limela.

Metsoako ea basali e ka fapana haholo ho latela lilemo le boholo. Bongata bo tloaelehileng ba basali ke mahe a ka bang 3000-7700. Ts'oaetso ho tse tšehali tse kholo, tse bolelele ba 'mele tse 38 cm, Mahe a 16600.

Lehe le le leng le bophara ba limilimithara tse peli. Lirosa li hlaha ka Mots'eanong, mme ka Phato li fihla limilimithara tse 22.

Ponahalo ea letjeketjane

Li-slingsh li na le 'mele o hlobotseng, ntle le sekala. Li-membrane tsa gill li theha lesaka. Mmele o na le sebopeho se tlase, 'me karolo ea eona ea kapele e boreleli.

Hlooho ha e kholo, e etsa 30% ea bolelele bohle ba 'mele. Hloohong ke li-spikes tse 4 tse ntlafalitsoeng hantle. Li-slingshots tsa leoatleng li na le li-tubercital le li-postorbital hloohong ea tsona, ha lits'oants'o tsa metsi a hloekileng a se na li-tubercles tse hlakileng, kapa ho hang ho hang. Phatla e kholo ebile e sephara.

Mmele oa manamane a linaka tse 'ne o bohlooho bo lefifi. Ho na le ho ka ba le matšoao a ts'episang mokokotlong. Karolo ea ka mpeng e lula e le bobebe. Ka mapetsong ho na le metopa kapa pepere e 'mala o moputsoa. Finors ea bobeli ea dorsal e boleletsoe ka tsela e hlakileng, e fella hole le moputso oa anal.

Boholo ba letjeketjane.

Sisteme ea kutlo e thehiloe liliba masapong a hlooho, e koahetsoeng ka membrane ea letlalo holimo. Meketjana e menyenyane ea letlalo e nang le li-microscopic pores e siea likanale tsa kutlo. Ho li-tubules tse ling, ha ho na pore. Ho na le nako e le ngoe pachibeng. Seteishene sa kutu ha se lesoba, se na le li-pores tse 28-48. Vertebrae ho tloha ho 37 ho isa ho 42, li-appendages tsa pyloric 6-10, le li-gill stamens tse ka bang 10.

Mofuta ona ha o ithutoe hantle, sebopeho sa ona se rarahane. Ha e le hantle, mefuta e nkuoa e le thata, 'me lipatlisiso tse sa tsejoeng pele li sa sebetse ho fihlela mosebetsi o mongata oa ho etsa lipatlisiso o entsoe.

Litlhare tsa linaka tse 'ne li hasane

Ho na le li-slingshots tsa leoatleng tse lebopong tse ka kenang metsing a letsoai kapa a hloekileng. Empa ntle le moo, ho na le mefuta ea metsi a hloekileng e fumanehang matšeng a maholo a Sweden, Norway, Amerika Leboea, Finland le Russia. Naheng ea rona, mefuta e joalo e fumanoa Karelia, matšeng a Oster, Segozero le Kuito. Ba boetse ba phela matšeng a Onega le Ladoga. Li boetse li tloaelehile matšeng a Hloahloeng ea Taimyr, ka mohlala, Keta, Andermey, Lama le Labaz. Li-slingshots le tsona li lula Leoatleng le Letšo le le Baltic. Litlhapi tsena li fumaneha linōkeng tsa Narova le Neva, hammoho le linokeng tse phallang Leoatleng la Arctic. Ka boroa ho Bering Strait, lits'oants'o li fihla ho Anadyr Estuary feela.

Mokhoa oa slingshot

Litlhapi tsena li lula mabopong a leoatle a ka leboea, ho feta moo, li ea litselaneng le linokeng. Libaka tse ntle tsa li-slingshots ka bobeli ke metsing le metsing, hammoho le metsi a hloekileng. Har'a baemeli ba mefuta ena ho na le mefuta ea letša ka botlalo.

Lehlabuleng, likolobe tse linaka li 'ne li ja litlhapi haholo leoatleng; Mariha, boholo ba ja bo entsoe ka likokoana-hloko tsa benthic: crustaceans, liboko, mollusks le makhala. Ntle le moo, ho sebelisoa limela tsa algae le tsa metsing. Linokeng le matšeng, li-slingshots li ja makhopho a li-chironomids, mollusks le lihlapi tse nyane, haholo-holo li-whitefish. Hape caviar ea bona ke ntho e ratehang.

Li-slingshots li phela ka tlhaho ho fihlela li le lilemo li 11.

Li-slingshots tsa leqhoa leoatleng li hola ka mekhoa e fapaneng, kaofela ho latela maemo a bophelo. Mohlala, mefuta ea leoatle e hola ka potlako ho feta metsi a hloekileng. Likokoana-hloko tse tsoang Leoatleng le Letšo ha a le lilemo li 1 li bolelele ba limilimithara tse 68, ka lilemo tse 2 - limilimitara tse 165, lilemong tse 3 - limilimitara tse 179 joalo-joalo. E le molao, bolelele ba 'mele bo pakeng tsa lilemo tse 5-6 bo tloha lisentimithareng tse 20-25, le ka nako ea lilemo tse 8 - lisentimitara tse 26. Batho ka bomong ba fihletseng bolelele ba lisenthimithara tsa 22-24, e le molao, ligrama tse 150-200.

Tse tšehali li holile ka lilemo tse 3-4, 'me ho ba lilemong tsa botona li ba selemo se hlaha kapele. Nakong ea ho mela, tekanyo ea thobalano e batla e le 1 ho isa ho 1. Slingshots e hlaha haholo ka Mots'eanong-Pherekhong, ha thempereichara ea metsi e theoha ka sekhahla se lekanang -1. Ho mela ho feta tlasa leqhoa, botebong ba limithara tse 1-1,5.

E tšehali e behela mahe majoeng. Caviar e na le 'mala oa mohloaare o lefifi, ka hona e koaheloa hantle pakeng tsa mohloa. Metsoako ea basali e ka fapana haholo ho latela lilemo le boholo. Fecundity e tloaelehileng ea botšehali, lisenthimithara tse 20-25 ka boholo, e ka ba mahe a 3000, mme tse tšehali, bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 26, li khona ho tlisa mahe a ka bang 7700. Mefuta e metle ea basali ke bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 38 le 40, ke mahe a 16,600. Lehe le le leng le bophara ba limilimithara tse peli. Lirosa li hlaha ka Mots'eanong, mme ka Phato li fihla limilimithara tse 22.

Boemo ba mofuta ona

Ha ho na likepe tsa leoatle kapa metsi a hloekileng a nang le linonyana tse 'ne tse nang le linaka tse' ne. Boholo ba tsona li sebelisoa e le lijo tse tlatselletsang bakeng sa lihlapi tsa khoebo. Leoatleng le lesoeu, lithunya tsa slingshot li ka etsa hoo e ka bang 0.5-1% ea tse tšoasitsoeng.

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