Le lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng, moemeli oa hangata oa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke batšoasi ba litlhapi e ne e le stellate stellate (Acipenser stellatus). Baahi ba lihlapi ba ile ba hasana ka bongata mabopong a leoatle a Azov, a Black le Caspian. Ho sa tsotelloe mehato ea sejoale-joale e thibelang, tikolohong ea tlhaho litlhapi ha li tšoeroe khafetsa. Ke ntho ea nnete ho feta ho ts'oasa sturgeon sturgeon (lebitso la bobeli ke sturgeon) libakeng tsa pokello e lefuoang, moo tlhoko ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa sturgeon e ntseng e hola feela.
Stellate sturgeon phepo e nepahetseng
Lijo tsa lihlapi tse nyane li fapana ho latela setanka seo ho ahiloeng ho sona. Ho stpigeon ea Caspian, lijo li kenyelletsa: mysid, seboko sa leoatle - nereis, crustaceans. Ho Azov, eketsa lethathamong le chesang le chesang, leo stellate ea stellate e 'nileng ea ja ho tloha ha le le lilemo li 3-4. Litlhapi tsa stallgeon tsa batho ba baholo li ja li-gobies ka cheseho, hamsa le baemeli ba bang ba marine ichthyofauna.
Nako ea ts'ebetso ea stellate stellate sturate sturgeon
Stellate sturgeon, eo ho tšoasa ha eona mariha le hoetla ho sa feng litholoana tse hlakileng, li-pecks lehlabula le selemo pele li hlaha. E le ho tšoasa sturgeon e tsoekere, batšoasi ba litlhapi ba sebelisa lithupa tse thellisang, ho theola tlaase, ho qala ka daka e tloaelehileng, ba qetella ka phetoho e seng papali. E loketseng joalo ka setsi: li-Earthworms - li-cresel, mussels, bohobe, shrimp, tse tala le tse phehiloeng. Lure stellate sturgeon Bait - tseleng e phehiloe nyalothe, oatmeal, makukha, herring fillet. Ho eketsoa lipeo tsa li-canabis, karolo e phelang - lipompo tsa mali, liboko tse khethiloeng.
Nako ea tlhaho ea stellate sturgeon
Stellate sturgeon e tsoela pele ho hlaha ho qala ka Mmesa le ho fela sehleng se qalileng ka Phuptjane. Ho mela ho etsahala linokeng, libakeng tse nang le phallo ea 0.5-2 m / s. Ho latela sebaka sa tlhaho, selemo le hoetla (morao ho selemo) thupelo ea stellate sturgeon e bonoa. Litlhapi tse holileng (tse etsahalang selemong sa 4-6 sa bophelo) li mela selemo se seng le se seng, li feta le lilemo ho ea pusong ea 1 ho isa ho lilemo tse peli. Ha mocheso oa metsi o nyoloha ho fihlela likhato tse 20 tsa Celsius, stelgeon stels, e bilikang ka lebaka la likhohola, le likarolo tse ling tsa linoka tse nang le metsi, li qala ho bokellana metsing a sa tebang. Palo ea mahe ka har'a li-stellateon tsa basali ke likotoana tse likete tse 60-400 (Volga specimens).
Ho latela mocheso oa metsi, ho nts'etsopele ha mahe a mofuta oa maiketsetso ho nka lihora tse 44-80, kamora hore makhoaba a hloahloa a thelle ka leoatleng. Kamora lilemo tse 4, tse ling tsa tsona li tla khutlela libakeng bakeng sa ho senya. Ho feta 40% ea sturateon furu e fumanehang metsing a metsi ke lebaka la mosebetsi oa litlhapi tse thibelang litlhapi tse thusang stellate sturgeon ho boloka ponahalo ea tsona. Malinyane a lokolloa nakong ea limela.
Stellar stew ha e pheha
Stellate stellate e bitsoa "borena" joalo ka sterlet, empa tlhapi e etsahala ka tatellano le sturgeon mabapi le tatso. Mekhoa ea ho pheha: sopho e phehiloeng ea stellate, e phehiloeng ka grill, e halikiloeng ka sekhahla, tsebe e phehiloeng. Har'a li-gourmet, balyk e tsoang ho sturateon ea stellgeon ea hlokahala, hammoho le lihlahisoa tsa li-sturgeon tse ling. Ho bata ho sa lakatsehe, litlhapi tse sa tsoa tšoasoa li sebelisetsoa ho pheha, hangata ha li chamele (stellate stellate sturgeon ha li sa lokela ho feta matsatsi a 2). Stellate sturgeon caviar ha e na boleng bo tlase ho sturgeon, e sa amang ho fumaneha ha eona, ho thata ho reka caviar.
Karolelano ea boholo le mofuta oa mofuta oa mofuta oa stellate sturate sturgeon
Tekanyetso e amoheloang ka kakaretso bakeng sa stellate sturgeon ke ho fihlella boima ba 7-12 lik'hilograma, ka bolelele ba 'mele ka lisenthimithara tse 120-150. Mehlala e meholo e hola ho fihla ho 80 lik'hilograma, ka bolelele ba lisentimitara tse 220. Ka lebaka la mabaka (poaching, ecology), boholo ba nalane ba nakong e fetileng. Matsatsing ana, tlhapi e boima ba 5 kg ke sephetho se atlehileng, matamo a maiketsetso a siea monyetla oa ho ts'oara trophy stellate sturgeon.
Stellate stellateon e rekisitsoeng ka molao e ne e le bolelele ba 250 cm, e le boima ba 80 kg le lilemo tse 27.
Bona hore "Sevryuga" ke efe ho lidikishinari tse ling:
Stellate sturgeon -? Stellate manganga ... Wikipedia
stellate sturgeon - sturgeon, sturate sturgeon Dictionary Dictionary of Dictionary Russian syphms. stellate sturgeon noun, nomoro ea mabitso: 6 • mollo (7) • sturgeon ...
Stellate sturgeon - litlhapi tsa lelapa la sturgeon. Polelo ea mantsoe a bosoasoi. 2012 ... Culinary Dictionary
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, litlhapi tse fallang (lelapa la sturgeon). Bolelele ho fihlela ho 2,2 m, boima ho fihlela ho 80 kg. E lula mabopong a Leoatle le Letšo, Azov le Caspian. Ho hasana linokeng. Sepheo sa ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoalisa. Palo e fokotsehile ka lebaka la melao ea phallo ... ... Encyclopedia ea sejoale-joale
STELLATE STURGEON - litlhapi tse fallang tsa lelapa la sturgeon. Bolelele ho fihlela ho 2,2 m, e boima ho fihlela ho 80 kg. Likamoreng tsa Leoatle le Letšo, Azov le Caspian. Ho hasana linokeng. Sepheo sa ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoalisa. Palo e fokotsehile ka lebaka la taolo ea phallo ea noka (tse ka sehloohong ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, sturgeon stellgeon, basali. Litlhapi tse tsoang lelapeng. sturgeon. Tlhatlhobo e hlalosang Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Tlhaloso e Hlalosang ea Ushakov
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, le, basali. Litlhapi tse kholo tsa khoebo sturgeon. | fokotseha stellate sturgeon, le basali. | adj. hello, hey, hey. Tlhatlhobo ea Tlhaloso Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Tlhaloso e Hlalosang ea Ozhegov
STELLATE STURGEON - (Acipenser stellatus), litlhapi tse fallang tsa genus sturgeon. Bakeng sa ho fihla ho 220 cm, boima ho fihlela ho 80 kg. Pulumo e phahameng haholo, e boreleli. Molomo o ka tlase o a kena-kenana. Antennae ntle le likhoele. E lutse hl arr. ho li-bass. Maoatle a Caspian, a Ntso le a Azov. Ho na le selemo le mariha ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary
Stellate sturgeon - Stellate sturgeon, hape e na le makatsa, chevrug (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) Litlhapi tse tsoang genus sturgeon (Acipenser). E fapana le mefuta e meng ea genus S. ke mohohlo o molelele haholo o moqotetsane. Molomo o ka tlase o koahetsoeng ka tlase o arotsoe bohareng ke lekhalo le pharaletseng, li-antennae tse boreleli ha li ... ... Brockhaus le Ephron Encyclopedia
STELLATE STURGEON - litlhapi tsa lelapa la sturgeon (bona) ... Encyclopedia e khuts'oane ea ntlo
Stellate sturgeon - Sevryuga, litlhapi tse fallang (lelapa la sturgeon). Bolelele ho fihlela ho 2,2 m, boima ho fihlela ho 80 kg. E lula mabopong a Leoatle le Letšo, Azov le Caspian. Ho hasana linokeng. Sepheo sa ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoalisa. Palo e fokotsehile ka lebaka la melaoana ea phallo ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Sheba litlhaloso
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi e kholo ea sturgeon e nang le boima bo lekanang ba 3 ho isa ho 10 kg mme e fihla bolelele ba ho fihlela ho 1 m. Ho tlalehiloe ha ho tlalehiloe linyeoe tsa ho tšoaroa ha baemeli ba bohlokoa ba mofuta o nang le boima bo fetang boima ba ligrama tse 150 le bolelele ba limithara tse 2,2.
Sebaka se tloaelehileng sa thebe bakeng sa li-sturgeon se boetse se bonoa ho stellate sturgeon. Bohlokoa ba sebopeho sa litšitšili ho mofuta ona ke hore lipolanete tsa stellate li koahela mocheso mahlakoreng a mela ea tsona.
Molomo, joalo ka Sturgeons tsohle, o ka tlase ho ntlo. E atoloha hanyane haufi le likhahla. Molomo o ka tlase oa tlhapi o haella, hanyane ka hanyane ha ho na letho. Letlapeng la pele la branchial ho na le lithunya tse 26.
Chelete ea morao e na le likala tse ka bang 46, li-anal tse fihlang ho 29.
Habitat
E bua ka litlhapi tse fallisoang tse ka tlase tse lulang Leoatleng la Caspian, Azov le Black. E kenella linōkeng tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa libaka tsena tsa polokelo: Volga, Urals, Kura, Kuban le Don. Ha e le Leoatle le Letšo, sebaka sena sa polokelo ke sebaka se bohareng sa metsi bakeng sa stellate sturgeon.
E fihla moo ka seoelo, mme ka nako eo, ka ts'oabo, ka tsietsi ho sesa ho tsoa ho Kerch Strait. Sebakeng sa Dnieper, sturgeon stellgeon ha e so ka e tšoaroa lilemo tse fetang tse 50, 'me ho Dniester - e batla e le 100. Ho tsohle tse matla tse teng Leoatleng le Letšo le linoka tsa beisine ea lona, le ka kopana ntle le bakeng sa sterlet mme, maemong a sa tloaelehang haholo, beluga.
Ho na le karolo e itseng ea tlhapi e ikhethileng ka sebaka sa eona. Kahoo, mohlala, e kholo ke Ural Sevruga, mme e nyane ke Kuban (ho fetoha ha boima ba 'mele ke 5-10 le 6-8 kg, ka ho latellana).
Ho tsala
Nako ea ho kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng e lekana le boholo ba litlhapi. Ka lebaka la bophelo bo bolelele ba tlhapi (ho fihlela lilemo tse 30 kapa ho feta), li ka atolosoa haholo ha nako e ntse e feta. Boima ba mmele wa mmele ho Ural stellate sturgeon le hlaha ho la 8-9 lilemo ho ba batona le 11-13 a basali. Mefuta ea Kurin le ea Kuban e nchafatsa bolelele. Bokhoni ba ho siea bana ho bona bo hlaha lilemo tse 10-13 ho ba batona le lilemo tse 12-15 ho basali.
Ho fafatsa ho etsoa linōkeng ka mocheso oa metsi oa hoo e ka bang ka 18-18 ° C. Tlhahiso e tloaelehileng ea mahe e ka ba likete tse 200. Empa ha tlhapi e tsofetse, e ka hohola le ho feta. Ho senya hangata ho etsoa mobung.
Stellate stellate caviar e khomarela holimo. Bophara ba eona ke 2,5-3 mm. Nako ea nts'etsopele e tsoa lihora tse 45 ho isa ho tse 80, ho latela mocheso. Boholo ba caviar bo jeoa ke litlhapi tse ling. Joaloka li-sturgeon tsohle, likubu tse hohelang ka leoatleng, ke karolo e nyane feela e setseng metsing a hloekileng ka nako e telele.
Monna le stellate stellate
Litlhapi ke sehlahisoa sa bohlokoa se nang le nama e monate le caviar. Joalo ka li-sturgeon tse ngata, e na le ts'ebeliso ea bokahohle - hoo e batlang e le litho tsohle tsa 'mele li sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso, ha ho na litšila tse tsoang ho stellate sturgeon.
Nama le caviar li sebelisoa ho pheha, methapo ea chord e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lijo tse bobebe - screech, cartilage e sebelisoa ho etsa glue, bladder ea ho sesa e sebelisetsoa ho khantša veine, jj
Ho tšoasa litlhapi tse sa laoloang, tšilafalo ea linoka, le kaho ea matamo le matamo li lebisitse phokotsong e kholo ea baahi. Lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng, sebaka sa bolulo se fokotsehile haholo. Haeba pele litlhapi li ka fumanoa nokeng ea Siberia, joale libaka tsa eona li kenyelletsa feela maoatle a Caspian le Azov.
Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea moruo oa motho, tlhaho ea sturate ea stellate hajoale e etsahala feela Nokeng ea Ural. Likarolong tsohle tse ling, palo ea baahi e boetse e nchafatsoa ka lebaka la temo ea litlhapi lipolasing tsa litlhapi. Ka 2018, 90% ea li-sturgeon tse nyane li ne li tsoa ho maiketsetso. Ebile, pono e mothating oa ho timela.
Empa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho sa ntse ho na le khatelo-pele polokelong ea mefuta e fetang lilemo tse 10-15 tse fetileng. E etselitsoe ho emisa ho fokotseha ha palo ea baahi, ho na le mapolasi a eketsehileng bakeng sa ho tsoalisa litlhapi libakeng tse fapaneng. Li-tapas tse peli li sebelisetsoa ho holisa: liphoofolo tse nyenyane tsa selemo sa 1-2 bakeng sa ho lula metseng le batho ba baholo bakeng sa ho fumana mahe.
Ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa Stellar
Ka lebaka la koluoa ea baahi, hammoho le boemo ba hona joale ba ho nchafatsa, hona joale, ho ts'oasa lihlapi leha e le life libakeng tsa tlhaho ho thibetsoe. Ho tloha ka 2000, stellge sturgeon e ke ke ea tšoaroa Leoatleng la Azov, mme ho tloha ka 2005 Caspian. Ho Ntle, mofuta ona ha o so ka o bonoa ka nako e telele.
Leha ho le joalo, u tla tlameha ho batla libaka tse joalo. Taba ke hore boholo ba matlwana ana a polokelo a na le sterlet kapa sturgeon haholo, empa haeba o lakatsa, o ka fumana pokello ea "stellate". Hajoale, ho bokelloa ha mofuta ona ho etsoa, ka mohlala, libakeng tse joalo:
- "Mikhailovskaya Sloboda" (Letša la Gorodnoye) - motsana oa lebitso le le leng tikolohong ea Moscow,
- KPH "Lithaba tse Khanyang", sebaka sa Moscow, setereke sa Krasnogorsk, pos. Lithaba tse Khanyang
- Sehlopha sa BigKarp (letamo la Krasnogorsk), sebaka sa Moscow, Krasnogorsk,
- Club "Catch", sebaka sa Vladimir., Setereke sa Suzdal, le. Tšoasa.
Tekete ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea matlong a polokelo e joalo e bitsa 1500 r. ho fihla ho 2500 p. ka motho ka mong. Litefiso tsa Catch hangata li buisanoa sebakeng sa heno.
Video: Monkey
Sturgeon, eo ho eona sturgeon e tsoang ho eona, ke e 'ngoe ea malapa a khale ka ho fetisisa a litlhapi tsa bony, tse tsoang matsoapong a leholimo a futhumetseng, a futhumetseng le a ka tlas'a lefatše, matša le mabopo a Eurasia le Amerika Leboea. Li khetholloa ke 'mele ea tsona e melelele, ho se na sekala le boholo bo sa tloaelehang: li-sturgeon ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 3 m bolelele li tloaelehile,' me mefuta e meng e hola ho fihla ho 5,5 m. Boholo ba li-sturgeon ke li-feed tsa tlase, li hloa le noka ebile li fepa libakeng tse haufi le noka. estuaries. Le ha a mang e le metsi a hloekileng ka ho felletseng, ke ba 'maloa feela ba hlokomolohang leoatle le bulehileng ntle le libaka tse mabopong.
Stellate sturgeon e sesa ka har'a metsi a futhumetseng a futhumetseng, metsi a letsoai le a leoatle. E fepa ka litlhapi, khetla, likhofu le liboko. E lula ka likamoreng tsa Leoatle le Letšo le la Caspian le Leoatle la Azov. Baahi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba sebakeng sa Volga-Caspian. Ho na le potoloho ea mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea mefuta ena. Litlhapi tse ling li hlaha mariha 'me tse ling nakong ea selemo.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Foto: stellgeon sturgeon e shebahala joang?
Likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa sturgeon ke tse latelang:
- botlaaseng ba skeleton ha se lesapo la mokokotlo, empa ke makhopho a lefufuru.
- finals ea litaba e hole le hlooho.
- Liea e hlahisa nako e telele, e fepa ka lintho tse fumanehang mothong oa yolk,
- pectoral fin anterior ray - sekepe,
- mmeleng (ka morao, mpeng, mahlakoreng) ho na le mela e meholo e kholo e supiloeng. Pakeng tsa tsona, phoofolo e koahetsoe ka li-tubercles tse nyane tsa bony, granules.
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi ea bohlokoa ea khoebo. E na le mefuta e 'meli - mariha le selemo. E fapana le lihlapi tse ling tsohle tsa lelapa la sturgeon ka ponahalo. Karolo e ikhethang ea stellate sturgeon ke nko e telele e sa tloaelehang, e bopehileng joaloka ntsu. Phatla ea tlhapi ena e ea iphahamisa, makhoaba a moqotetsane le a boreleli ha a fihle molomo, molomo o tlase o thehiloe hampe.
'Mele oa stellate stellate sturgeon, joalo ka nko, o bolelele bo bolelele, lehlakoreng ka leng le ka morao e koahetsoe ka lithebe tse arohaneng haufi. 'Mele oa tlhapi ena o na le' mala o mofubelu ka 'mala o bokhubelu o nang le' mala o moputsoa o lefifi ka morao le mahlakore a nang le mola o mosoeu ka mpeng.
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi e boreleli ho feta, ho bonolo ho e khetholla ka setloholo sa eona, se selelele, se tšesaane ebile se otlolohile. Meetso e menyenyane e nyane. Litšobotsi tsena li khetholla sturgeon sturgeon le sturgeon, e ileng ea fumanoa metsing a Finland lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ka morao ho stellate sturgeon e putsoa e putsoa-botala kapa e sootho, mpa e boreleli. Meetso ea lehlakore e bosootho. Stellate sturgeon e batla e fokola ka boholo ho feta li-sturgeon tse ngata. Boima ba eona bo boholo bo boholo ba li-7kg, leha ho le joalo, batho ba bang ba fihlela bolelele ba limilimithara tse fetang tse peli le boima ba li-80 kg.
Sturgeon stellgeon e lula hokae?
Setšoantšo: Sevryuga naheng ea Russia
Stellate sturgeon o lula maoatleng a Caspian, Azov, Black le Aegean, moo a kenang lekhetho, ho kenyeletsoa le Danube. Mofuta ona ha o fumanehe Haholo-holo le Upper Danube, ke ka linako tse ling feela litlhapi li fallisetsang nokeng ea Komarno, Bratislava, Austria kapa le Jeremane. Ka bongata, mofuta ona o fumanoa Leoatleng la Aegean le Adriatic, le Leoatleng la Aral, moo o ileng oa tsebisoa ho tloha Leoatleng la Caspian ka 1933.
Nakong ea ho falla ha nakoana, sturate ea stellate e boetse e oele kahare ho thepa ea noka ea Lower Danube, joalo ka linoka tsa Prut, Siret, Alt le Zhiul. Ka Danube e Bohareng, o ile a fallela Nokeng ea Tisu (ho ea fihla Tokai) le libakeng tse tlase tsa lipehelo tsa eona, linōka tsa Maros le Körös, hammoho le molomong oa Noka ea Zagyva, liphula tse tlase tsa noka ea Drava le Sava le molomong oa Noka ea Morava.
Ka lebaka la taolo le ho koaloa ha noka, sebaka sa stellate stellate sturgeon libakeng tse ts'oanang le Caspian, Azov le Leoatle le Letšo li fokotsehile haholo. Libaka tsa Spawning li fokotsehile haholo, 'me mekhoa ea ho falla le nako ea tsona li fetohile. Hajoale, batho ba bangata ba Nokeng ea Danube ba fallela feela matamong a Iron Gate.
Stellate sturgeon hangata e fumaneha metsing a sa tebang a leoatle le leoatleng le liphula tsa linoka. Liphoofolo tse nyane tse ka tlase ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lijo ho batho ba baholo, 'me plankton e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa phepo e nepahetseng mehatong ea pele ea mahe.
Joale ua tseba hore na stellate sturgeon e lula hokae. A re fumaneng hore na tlhapi ena e ja eng.
Stellate sturgeon e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Stellate sturgeon leoatleng
Mefuta e supileng e atileng ka ho fetisisa ea sturgeon, ho kenyelletsa stellate sturgeon, leak e lere ka metsing le linokeng, e ja haholo crayfish, shrimp, snails, limela, likokoanyana tsa metsing, makhopho, liboko tsa silt le mollusks.
Taba e khahlang: Sevryuga e emisa ho ja hang hang ha e qala ho tsamaea. Kamora ho hlaha, o khutlela leoatleng kapele, moo a qalang ho fepa hape.
Li-sturate sturgeon ke lijana tsa ka tlase tse tlase hobane li na le antennae e tebileng ka tlase ho lifahleho tsa tsona ho bona liphoofolo tse tlase le melomo ea tsona e telele le e khanyang hore e anya phofu.Motsoako oa gastrointestinal oa stellate stellate sturgeon le oona o ikhethile hobane marako a mpa ea bona ea pyloric a kenelletse ka har'a setho se kang mpa, mala a batho ba baholo a na le epithelium e sebetsang, 'me mala a bona a ka morao a fetoha li-valve tsa moea.
Li-sturgeon tsa maiketsetso tse fumanehang matamong a ikemetseng li hloka livithamini, oli, liminerale le protheine e fokolang ea 40% (boholo ba tlhapi ea litlhapi). Har'a livithamini tse qhibilihang habonolo, li hloka livithamini A, D, E, le K. Li-vithamine tsa tsona tse qhibilihang ka metsing li kenyelletsa B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B12, H, C (ascorbic acid) le folic acid.
Likarolo tsa sebopeho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Foto: Litlhapi tsa Stellate
Leha stellate sturgeon e le mohopolo oa tlhaho ea lihlapi tsa metsing hobane e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa caviar, ho na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea tsebo mabapi le biology le boits'oaro ba mofuta ona o hlaha (mofuta oa lapeng, kakaretso, mabifi, mohlala), le ka lintlha tse ngata tsa temo (tlhabollo, leruo la tikoloho. tikoloho, khatello le polao). Ho hloka tsebo ha ho thatafatse teko ea boemo ba bophelo ba eona hantle feela, empa ho boetse ho thatafatsa hoo e ka bang tebello efe kapa efe ea ho e ntlafatsa.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea sturgeon e na le polasetiki e phahameng mabapi le boitšoaro ba spawning. Ho phalla ka bongata ho etsahala ha mefuta e le 'ngoe e na le lihlopha tse ikhethang tse qalileng ka har'a noka e le' ngoe, eo re e bitsang "ho hasana habeli". Lihlopha tse qhekellang li hlalosoa e le peiso ea selemo le ea pina.
Lihlopha tse arohaneng tse arohaneng li 'nile tsa hlalosoa e le mefuta e mengata ea sturgeon lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho phatloha habeli ho etsahala mefuta e mengata ea li-sturgeon tsa Europe. Ka Leoatleng le Letšo le la Caspian ho na le mefuta e 'maloa e nang le peiso ea selemo le pina ea mabelo: beluga, sturgeon ea Russia, spike, stellate sturgeon, sterlet. Sehlopha sa selemo se kenella ka nokeng nakong ea selemo se nang le li-gonads tse holileng le tse holileng kapele ka mor'a ho kena ka nokeng. Sehlopha sa heme se kena nokeng ka nako e le 'ngoe kapa hang ka mor'a sehlopha sa selemo, empa ka li-oocytes tse sa holiseng.
Sebopeho sa sechaba le ho ikatisa
Foto: Stellar stew e tsoang Bukeng e Khubelu
Mofuta ona o phalla mabopong a linoka tse nang le likhohola tsa selemo le holim'a mafika a seteraeke nakong ea mabelo a potlakileng. Mahe a beoa holim'a libethe tsa majoe a hasaneng, majoe a chitja le lehlohlojane le kopaneng le likhechana tsa khetla le lehlabathe le mahoashe. Maemo a lekaneng a ho qhekella a kenyelletsa lebelo le phahameng la phallo le tlase e lehlohlojane. Ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa phallo kamora ho hlaha le nts'etsopele ea lehe ho ka lebisa keketseho ea tahlehelo ea "embryo". Nōkeng ea Danube, ho hlaha hoa hlaha ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho isa ka Phuptjane ka mocheso oa 17 ho isa ho 23 ° C. Ha ho tsejoehale ka mekhoa e atileng ea mofuta ona.
Kamora ho hatch, li-stellate tsa stellate li phela eseng feela kahare le kahara metsi a noka, empa hape le holim'a metsi. Ba theosa ho theosa le noka, mme nakong ea nts'etsopele e latelang, matla a bona a ho tsamaea ka mafolofolo a eketseha. Kabo ea batho ba bacha tseleng ea Danube e anngoe ke phepelo ea lijo, tsa hona joale le tse feto-fetohang. Li theohela nokeng ka botebo ba limithara tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6. Nako ea bophelo ka nokeng e lula ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho fihlela Mphalane, mme ho fepa ka mafolofolo ho qala ha makhoaba a fihla ho 8-10 mm.
Taba e khahlang: Stellate sturgeon e ka fihlela bolelele ba limitara tse fetang tse peli le nako e telele ea lilemo tse 35. Mefuta ea banna le basali e hloka ho fihlela lilemo tse 6 le 10, ka ho latellana. Tse tšehali li ka tsoella mahe a pakeng tsa 70,000 le 430,000, ho latela boholo ba tsona.
Joaloka li-sturgeon tse ling, sturgeon stellgeon e kenella Nokeng ea Danube ho hlaha hoo e ka bang selemo kaofela, empa ho na le linako tse peli tse phahameng. Ts'ebetso ena e qala ka Hlakubele ka mocheso oa metsi oa 8 ho isa ho 11 ° C, e fihla ka matla ka Hlakubele mme e tšoarella ho fihlela Mots'eanong. Ea bobeli, ho falla ho matla le ho feta ho qala ka Phato mme ho nka ho fihlela Mphalane. Mofuta ona o rata libaka tse futhumetseng ho feta li-sturgeon tse ling tsa Danube, 'me phallo ea eona e phalloang e etsahala ka lithemparetjha tsa metsi tse fetang tse teng nakong ea ho falla ha mefuta e meng.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa li-sturgeons tsa stellate
Lira tsa stellar sturgeon ke batho. Ho kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng (lilemo tse 6 ho isa ho tse 10) li ba beha kotsing ea ho tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata. Ho hakanngoa hore palo ea bona likamoreng tse kholo li fokotsehile ka 70% lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho tšoasoa ka botlalo ho ile ha eketsoa ka matla haholo ka lebaka la ho tšoasoa ho seng molaong ho neng ho e-na le molao o tšoanang le ona. Ho ts'oasa thepa ka har'a beisine ea Volga-Caspian feela ho hakanngoa hore e phahame ka makhetlo a 10-12 ho feta meeli e amohelehang.
Taolo ea phallo ea noka le ho ts'oasa litlhapi ka bongata ke mabaka a mantlha a ho fokotseha ha lipalo tsa li-sturgeon lekholong lena la bo20 la lilemo. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho tšoasoa ka botlalo ho ile ha eketsoa ka matla haholo ka lebaka la ho tšoasoa ho seng molaong ho neng ho e-na le molao o tšoanang le ona. Ka beseng ea Volga-Caspian feela, ho ts'oaroa ha mashomane ho hakanyetsoa ka makhetlo a 10-12 ho feta ho ts'oaroa ka molao. Boemo bo tšoanang bo etsahala Nokeng ea Amur. Ho ts'oasa lihlapi tse ngata le ho ts'oasa litlhapi ho lebisitse ho fokotseheng ho hoholo hoa molao lefats'eng mme haholo-holo setsing sa mantlha sa stellateon sturgeon - Leoatle la Caspian.
Caviar ke lehe le sa tsitsang la sturgeon. Bakeng sa li-gourmet tse ngata, caviar, e bitsoang "perela e ntšo", ke monate oa lijo. Mefuta e meraro e meholo ea khoebo ea sturgeon e hlahisa caviar e ikhethang: beluga, sturgeon (sturgeon ea Russia) le stellate stellate (sturgeon ea linaleli). 'Mala le boholo ba mahe li latela mofuta oa mahe le ho hola ha tsona.
Kajeno Iran le Russia ke tsona tse romellang kantle ho caviar, hoo e ka bang 80% ea tsona e ts'oaroang ke mefuta e meraro ea sturgeon Leoatleng la Caspian: sturgeon ea Russia (20% ea mmaraka), stellge sturgeon (28%) le sturgeon ea Persia (29%). Hape, mathata a stellate sturgeon a bakoa ke tšilafalo ea metsi, matamo, tšenyo le ho arohana ha linoka tsa tlhaho le libaka tsa tlhaho, tse amang litsela tsa phallo le libaka tsa ho fepa le ho ikatisa.
Boemo ba baahi le mefuta ea tsona
Foto: Litlhapi tsa Stellate
Stellate sturgeon haesale e le moahi ea sa tloaelehang oa Middle and Upper Danube mme joale e felisoa ho tloha karolong e ka holimo ea Danube le karolo ea Hungary-Slovak ea Middle Danube, hobane ke batho ba 'maloa feela ba khonang ho kena ka liheke tsa mabopo a Khoro ea Iron. Mohopolo oa ho qetela o tsejoang ho tsoa karolong ea Slovak o nkuoe Komarno ka la 20 Pherekhong 1926, 'me karolo ea ho qetela ea karolo ea Hungary e ngolisitsoe Mojac ka 1965.
Ho latela Buka e Khubelu, stellge sturgeon e kotsing ea ho timela ka lebaka la ho tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata, masholu a litšila, tšilafalo ea metsi, ho tšela le ho timetsoa ha liphororo tsa tlhaho le libaka tsa tlhaho. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela lipatlisiso tsa sejoale-joale Danube, e haufi le ho timela. Boemo ba hona joale ba palo ea batho ba anngoeng haholo ke ho cheha litlhapi tse ngata nakong e fetileng le hore na libaka tse fumanehang moo ho sa tsejoeng hantle ha li tsejoe. Ho hlokahala patlisiso e eketsehileng ho boloka mefuta ena ka nepo.
Taba e khahlang: Li-sturgeon tse 55,000 tse fumanoeng li shoele Leoatleng la Azov ka 1990 ka lebaka la tšilafalo. Ho theoha ha 87% ha theko ea lihlahisoa tsa lefats'e ho supa ho fokotseha ha palo ea liphoofolo.
Sturgeon ea naheng (sturgeon e tloaelehileng, sturgeon ea Atlantic, Baltic sturgeon, sturgeon ea Europe ea leoatle) ha e so ka e ts'oaroa lebopong la Finland ho tloha ka 1930s. Mefuta eo ho ka etsahalang hore e oele metsing a leoatle a Finland ke stellate sturgeon. Li kanna tsa nyamela ha mefuta e meng e bokellaneng e shoa. Sturgeons e phela halelele, kahoo ts'ebetso ena e kanna ea nka nako.
Matla
Foto: Sevryuga e tsoang Bukeng e Khubelu
Hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea sturgeon e khetholloa e le kotsing ea ho fela. Nama le mahe a tsona a bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa (a tsejoang haholo ka hore ke caviar) a lebisitse ho ho tsubeng ho hoholo le ho fokotsa palo ea batho ba sturgeon. Ntshetsopele ya noka le tshilafalo le tsona di tlatselitse ho fokotseheng ha baahi. Sturgeon ea Europe ea metsing, eo e kileng ea e-ba koluoa Jeremane, e ile ea nyamela lilemong tse 100 tse fetileng. Mofuta ona o lebelletsoe hore o khutlele linokeng tsa Jeremane ka merero ea ho nchafatsa.
Leano la lefats'e la ho loants'oa ke ho felisoa ha li-sturgeon le bonts'a likarolo tsa mantlha tsa mosebetsi ho boloka li-sturgeon lilemong tse 5 tse tlang.
Leano le shebiloe ho:
- tlhekefetso e feteletseng
- pheliso ea tikoloho
- poloko ea stock sturgeon,
- tšeetso ea puisano.
WWF e etsa mesebetsi ea tikoloho lebaleng le libakeng tse fapaneng. Diketso tse ikhethileng tsa naha li kenyelletsa liketso ho la Austria (tlhahisoleseling ka Sejeremane), Bulgaria (Bulgaria), Netherlands (Dutch), Romania (Romanian), Russia le Noka ea Amur (Russia) le Ukraine (Seukraine).
Ntle le moo, WWF e sebetsa ho:
- Sekepe sa noka sa Danube se nang le morero o khethehileng oa ho loants'a tlatlapo e ngata ea litšoene ho Danube,
- ho khutlisetsa phallo ea tlhaho ea Noka ea St. John naheng ea Canada.
Stellate sturgeon - E 'ngoe ea mefuta ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea sturgeon. Linatla tsena tsa metsi a khale li thulana le lintho tse ngata tse sokelang ho phela ha tsona. Leha a phela lefatšeng lilemo tse limilione, li-sturgeon tse ts'oanang li ntse li le kotsing ea ho hloa le ho tsitsisa ha tsona le tikoloho ea tsona ea tlholeho. Stellate sturgeon e kotsing.
Sebaka sa bolulo sa Sturgeon
Lilemong tse fetileng, e ile ea fumanoa le Siberia le linokeng tsa Europe. Kajeno e tšoasoa Leoatleng la Caspian, haholo lebopong la eona le ka bophirima. E rata botebo ba limithara tse 100 esita le tse 300, mme nakong ea selemo feela e ea likarolong tse nyane tsa sebaka sa metsi. E fumaneha ntle le Leoatle la Caspian ho Leoatle le Letšo le Azov. Nakong ea ho ikatisa, e kenella linōkeng tse kang Urals, Volga, Kuban, Don, Terek le Kura.
Ho beha boitšoaro
Linokeng, linama li latela likarolo tse tebileng. Ke tlhapi e fallang e kenang linōkeng habeli ka selemo, ka hoetla le nakong ea selemo, empa ha e fepe metsing a hloekileng. Masiana a ka tlasa mekato ea mariha, hobane mariha a mekotla. Katleho e 'ngoe e ile ea fumaneha ha ho ikatisoa metsing a phallang a metsi.
Ho qhekella (ho ikatisa)
E qala ho ikatisa hamorao ho feta mefuta e meng ea sturgeon. E le molao, ho mela ho qala ka mocheso oa metsi ho tloha ho likhato tse 6 ho isa ho tsa 9, bohareng ba Mphalane le selemong sa pele sa May. Tse tona li kena lilemong tsa bocha feela ha li le lilemo li 7-9, le tse tšehali - eseng pejana ho lilemo tse 11. Ha e le tsoalo, ka karolelano, ho tsoa ho tlhapi e kholo ea Volga, ho tloha mahe a 106 ho isa ho 470 a likete, ho mefuta ea Don le Ural e ka ba bophara le ho feta.
Nōkeng ea Volga, ho thellisoa ha stellate sturgeon ho atoloha nako ea nako ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho fihlela Phato ka mocheso ho tloha ho 12 ho isa ho 26 ° C. Caviar e tsoa le tse nyane, tse bosootho bo botenya ka bophara, eseng tse fetang 2 mm. E na le monko o fokolang oa iodineine le monko o monate o kamorao.
Maloetse le likokoana-hloko
Polypodiosis, kapa lefu le hlaselang la caviar ea sturgeon tse ngata, le ka nkoa e le bothata bo boholo, ho fumana boholo ba bohlokoa ba moruo. E bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tsa ka mpeng tse lutseng ka har'a mahe. Tšoaetso e etsahala sethaleng ha yolk e hlaha ka lehe.
Ho ba teng ha paradeise ho ka khethoa feela ka tlhahlobo ea mahe - a tšoaelitsoeng hangata a maholo ka boholo.
Stellate sturgeon, joalo ka li-sturgeon tse ling, li ka tšoaetsoa ke ts'oaetso e fapaneng sekala le likhahla. Ka kakaretso, hangata tlhapi ena ha e tšoaetsoe ke likokoana-hloko. Haeba sena se etsahala, hangata kotsi e bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse amang methapo ea methapo ea mafu a amanang le lefutso.
Mekhoa ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tšoasa litlhapi
Ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa eona tse ntle tsa tlhaho, e ntse e le taba ea liindasteri le tlhapi ea amateur. E hahiloe haholo sebakeng sa North Caspian, moo lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng e ne e tšoaroa bonyane lithane tse likete tse 10 ka selemo. Ntho e ka thoko ea chelete e ne e le thomello ea kantle ho stellate sturgeon caviar.
Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, palo ea mefuta ea limela tsa stellate e fokotsehile haholo mme hajoale e ntse e le tlas'a tšireletso. Litšoantšong tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa sturgeon tsa lipapali le tsa boithabiso li etsoa ke lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse ka tlase. Ka sekhahla sa indasteri, marang-rang, matlooa.
Mokhoa oa bophelo ba Stellar
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi e fallang. Ka leoatleng le linokeng e nyoloha khafetsa bosiu ho isa meahong e kaholimo bakeng sa lijo. Mabaka a phallang ka har'a linoka a fumaneha ka tlase ho libaka tse matsaranka tsa li-sturgeon tse ling. Ho falla hangata ho nka nako e fetang selemo. Linakong tse ngata, linonyana tse peli li bonoa: selemo le hoetla. Mariha lipalesa tsa mariha li nyoloha mariha libakeng tse tlaase tsa mekoti le ho hlaha nakong ea selemo le mathoasong a lehlabula la selemong se tlang, sturate ea stellate, e qalang nakong ea selemo, e boela e hlaha hlabula e le 'ngoe. E phalla libakeng tsa likhohola tsa leoatle tse nang le likhohola tse nang le metsi a se nang letho kapa karolong e bohareng ea noka ka botebo ba 9-13 m.
Lira
Caviar e entsoe e natefeloa ke ho kha, manamane a khomo, leihlo le lesoeu, poone ea silevera, bream, catfish, sterlet, hammoho le bana ba baseru, spike le sturgeon. Sebaka se ikhethileng ho feliseng nts'etsopele ea stellate sturgeon caviar e lula ke gudgeon (ho fihlela mahe a ka bang 15 ka mpeng). Lirosa le likutu tsa lipalesa tsa stellate stellate li felisoa ke sabrefish, bluebird, hive le herring. Sera se kotsi ka ho fetisisa sa bana ba mofuta oa sturgeon ke catfish. Malinyane a maholo a jeoa ke zander, perch, gobies le cyprinids tse tlase.
Ho tsitsa
Ho tšoasa litlhapi ho ka etsoa ka molamu oa carp, feeder kapa thupa ea float. Tabeng ea ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tlase, ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse joalo:
- Bolelele ba molamu bo tsoa ho limithara tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6. Ka tlhaho, ha seretse se le hole, ke moo se lokelang ho ba teng. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa lithupa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi ka mehele ea phallo ea ceramic.
- U ka sebelisa coil ea inertialess, empa, ha ho fanoa ka boholo ba tlhahiso, ho molemo ho sebelisa e ngata. Bokhoni - bonyane 150 m.
- Li-sturgeon tsohle - litlhapi li matla haholo, ka hona ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa mohala oa ho tšoasa litlhapi ka bophara ba 0,3-0.4 mm. E ka ba khoele ea braid kapa ea monofilament.
- Ho lebisa ho oela tlase ha ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa stellate sturgeon li lokela ho tlosoa. Lisebelisoa - fluorocarbon ho tloha ho 0,25 limilimithara. Bolelele ba tsona bo tloha ho 0.5 ho isa ho 1 m, sebaka se pakeng tsa leashes se ka fihla ho 0.5 m.
- Kaha libaka tse bolokang libaka tsa mofuta ona li eme, li-sinks li kanna tsa se be le sebopeho se hlophisitsoeng.
- Ho eletsoa ho sebelisa lihakisi tsa carp ka foreime e telele ea Naha ea 3-7.
Lisebelisoa tsa molamu oa ho tšoasa litlhapi li ka ba ka tsela e latelang:
- lekanya molamu oa ho ts'oasa lihlapi le liteko bonyane 30-40 g,
- Spinning reel bakeng sa papali e nang le mokokotlo oa ka morao le bonyane bonyane 150 m,
- mohala o ka sehloohong oa ho tšoasa litlhapi - o matla, o tebile, o tlaase haholo, o hanyetsana le botenya ba 0,3 mm,
- float - mokotla o nang le mojaro oa 7g + 3g kapa 5g + 5g,
- Methapo ea li-pcs tse 5-6 li sebelisoa e le lisinkers, tse bophara ba 5-10 cm kamora 'ngoe, boima ba tsona bo lokela ho lumellana le mojaro oa teko ea float.
Bait
Hangata sturgeon stellgeon e ea ho protheine ea protheine, empa bait ea limela le eona e tla batloa. Ka litheolelo tse tsoang liphoofolong tse hlahisitsoeng ke liphoofolo li kenyeletsa:
Fry
- likotoana tsa herring e khaotsoeng,
- a tsuba capelin cm cm e telele,
- Earthworms
- squid, shrimp,
- sebete sa khomo.
Lijo tse latelang tsa meroho li tla ba le phello e ntle:
- nyalothe,
- poone (ka bobeli e phehiloeng le e makotikoting,
- hlama ea poone kapa ea koro,
- peas.
Mekhoa ea ho tšoasa litlhapi
Boitšoaro ba stellate sturgeon tseleng ea ho ts'oara ke ntho e hlokolosi haholo ebile ha e ts'oaroe, ho fapana le cyprinids e ts'oanang. Litlhapi li feta ka makhetlo a mangata, li e lekola ka litsela tsohle, e leka ka hloko. Sena sohle se tsamaisana le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo hanyane le hanyane hanyane ka sefuba. Motho ea tšoasang litlhapi kamehla o hloka ho itokisetsa ho kuta ka thata. E etsoa hang hoba sefutho se qale ho sisinyeha haholo kapa ho teba.
Ha ho ts'oasa lihlapi ka likepe tse tlase, boitšoaro ba lihlapi bo tla tšoana hantle. Bokaholimo ba nako ea ts'ebetso ea stellate sturgeon ho tlhahiso e tla qala ho thothomela hanyane, mme ha e loma e tla inama haholo arc - ona ke nako ea ho khaola.
Metsotso e seng mekae ea pele ka mor'a hore lihlapi li ts'oeroe, e tla ba tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa papaling. Ho hlokahala hore u be hlokolosi haholo 'me u se ke ua lumella liketso tse boima haholo tsa khatello e matla. Ha motho a leka ho theoha, o ka senya mohala oa ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tlola marapo. Stellate sturgeon e khona ho ts'oara ho thellisa, ho robala tlase, ho leka ho e thatela ka lehong le hulang.
Leha ho le joalo, u se ke oa etsa ho sisinyeha ka tšohanyetso, ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e lokela ho lekanngoa le ho hlaka.Boiteko bohle ba ho tsamaisa litlhapi ka lehlakoreng kapa botebo bo lokela ho emisoa hang-hang, ha u sa lokela ho nka bohato e le hore metsamao ea letangoana la ho ts'oasa litlhapi e khahlano ka ho felletseng le boitšoaro ba tlhapi, o tlameha ho e tlosa hanyane ho tloha moo o e hulang, butle-butle a e hule ebe o e hulela lebopong.
Ha ua lokela ho lula u falimehile, le nakong eo tlhahiso e tla ba haufi haholo le lebopo.
Ena ke ho tlola holim'a metsi ha ho etsuoa ho tloha tlase le thata. Mokhoa o joalo o atisa ho lebisa ho tahlehelo ea tlhahiso.
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi ea lelapa la Sturgeon le lulang Leoatleng la Azov le Leoatle la Caspian. Sena ke sebatana se seholohali, se lutseng lipakeng tsa sterlet le sturgeon. Nama ea eona e monate haholo 'me ka nako e telele ho ts'oasa lihlapi tsa eona tsa indasteri e ne e etsoa. Likatiba tse sa laoloang tsa stellate stellate sturgeon le kaho ea hydro e pharalletseng ha li e lumelle hore li tsoale ka tloaelo, e leng se entseng hore e se ke ea timetsoa. Haeba maemo a sa fetohe, mefuta e ka nyamela ka botlalo naheng, hobane hajoale karolo ea 90 lekholong ea batho e se e le batho ba baholo.
Ho kena bohlankaneng
Tse tona li fihlella ho kena bohlankaneng ha li le lilemo li 9-13, tsehali - tse 11-17. Azov stellate sturgeon e holile pejana.
Bolele ba bophelo
Stellate sturgeon e jele setsi
Libaseke tsa Leoatle le Letšo, Azov le Caspian. Linoka tse ka sehloohong tse phallang ke Urals, Volga le Kuban.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Stellate sturgeon e ja haholo ka litlhapi, ka linako tse ling mollusk le crustaceans, bana ba lilemo li 1-3 ba ja lipeo tsa menoang. Malinyane, ho qala ka boholo ba 5 cm, ho fepa ea Don delta haholo ho benthos, lijo tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke li-chironomids, kumatsei le li-tubifecids, le tse kholo (15 cm) - li-mysids. Ho Kuban, lijo tse ka sehloohong li na le oligochaetes, li-larvae tsa chironomid le mayflies; ho ba behiloeng ka leoatleng - oligochaetes, Copepod, gammarid. Karolong e ka leboea ea Caspian, li-sturgeon tsa stellate li fepa haholo ka li-crustaceans le makhoaba a chironomid lehlabula, 'me nakong ea selemo, haholo-holo litlhapi: tyulka le likhahla.
Ha bacha ba ntse ba hola, matla a limatlafatsi tse ngata a eketseha. Khoeling ea pele ea ho lula leoatleng ho bacha, e fepa haholo ka amphipods (89% ea bongata ba lijo). Lijo tsa masea a maholo ho feta 10 cm li entsoe ka boholo ba li-mysids (56-70%). Sturgeon ea bongoaneng e na le khafetsa ea ho tjeka letsatsi le letsatsi: nokeng e fepa haholo ka matla bosiu (lihora tse 22-25), le leoatleng - nakong ea bosiu (lihora tse 12-16).
Ka metsi a hloekileng e fepa hampe. Leoatle le etsa maeto a malelele a furu.
Mokhoa oa bophelo ba Stellar
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi e fallang. Ka leoatleng le linokeng e nyoloha khafetsa bosiu ho isa meahong e kaholimo bakeng sa lijo. Mabaka a phallang ka har'a linoka a fumaneha ka tlase ho libaka tse matsaranka tsa li-sturgeon tse ling. Ho falla hangata ho nka nako e fetang selemo. Linakong tse ngata, linonyana tse peli li bonoa: selemo le hoetla. Mariha lipalesa tsa mariha li nyoloha mariha libakeng tse tlaase tsa mekoti le ho hlaha nakong ea selemo le mathoasong a lehlabula la selemong se tlang, sturate ea stellate, e qalang nakong ea selemo, e boela e hlaha hlabula e le 'ngoe. E phalla libakeng tsa likhohola tsa leoatle tse nang le likhohola tse nang le metsi a se nang letho kapa karolong e bohareng ea noka ka botebo ba 9-13 m.
Lira
Caviar e entsoe e natefeloa ke ho kha, manamane a khomo, leihlo le lesoeu, poone ea silevera, bream, catfish, sterlet, hammoho le bana ba baseru, spike le sturgeon. Sebaka se ikhethileng ho feliseng nts'etsopele ea stellate sturgeon caviar e lula ke gudgeon (ho fihlela mahe a ka bang 15 ka mpeng). Lirosa le likutu tsa lipalesa tsa stellate stellate li felisoa ke sabrefish, bluebird, hive le herring. Sera se kotsi ka ho fetisisa sa bana ba mofuta oa sturgeon ke catfish. Malinyane a maholo a jeoa ke zander, perch, gobies le cyprinids tse tlase.
Ho tsala
Ho hlahella ha stellate sturgeon ho Don ho etsahetse 200-860 km ho tloha leoatleng. Masonry e etsoa kapele ka hora ea hoseng kapa ea mantsiboea. Sturgeon ea pele ea selemo e hloibila noka ka potlako - 15-30 km ka letsatsi, e qoba maqhubu a matla le ho latela botebo ba botebo. Ha nako ea petso e ntse e atamela, e tšehali hangata e tsoa ka metsing ("otla likerese"), e otla mpa ka metsi. Ho nyoloha noka, stellgeon ea stellate ea selemo e emisa khafetsa. Nako e phahameng ea ho lula nokeng e nang le phallo ea phallo e fetang 1 m / s ha e fetang lihora tse 3. O emisa ho phomola boholo ba motšehare har'a liliba le melatsoana, moo e bokanang ka bongata. Ketso ea ho sesa e matla ka ho fetisisa e iponahatsa ka shoalane le bosiu. Bolelele ba ho lula ha nako ea mariha ea stellate sturgeon nokeng ha e sa feta likhoeli tse peli. Tse tšehali tse qalang le ho elella bofelong ba selemo li mela "sturgeon spawn" hang hang ", 'me tse tona li maemong a mangata hoo e ka bang nako eohle ea limela (1.5-2 likhoeli). Ka lebaka leo, bohareng ba ho qhalana, banna ba 68 ka mosali, qetellong ea ho hlaha, karolelano ea thobalano e fihla ho 1: 12–1: 15. Tse tona tsa mariha le mathoasong a selemo li-sturgeon li lula li le telele ka ho fetisisa nokeng. Molekane oa mehleng ea neng a e-na le basali ka bobeli ba mariha le mathoasong a selemo a phatsimang, le ba batona ba mathoasong a selemo ba ba le "meloko" ea bona le basali ba mofuta oa mantsiboea a nako ea selemo.
Ho theoha hoa noka Volga Libaka tse bulehileng li fumaneha pakeng tsa Vladimirovka le Dubovka, hape le sebakeng se likhohola sa noka. Akhtuba. Li-sturgeon tse ling tsa limela li haola mona ka mekoting, ho tloha bofelong ba Mots'eanong ho isa Phupu, botebong ba 1.5-2 m, ha tse ling - ho Volga ea matsoalloa, molamu, botebong ba 9-13 m, ho tloha halofo ea Pherekhong ho fihlela Phato. Bongata bo boholo ba banna bo nyolohela ho Volga ha a le lilemo li 10-12, empa har'a ba batona ba matona ho na le lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 17. Ho Volga stellate sturgeon ha e phahamele holimo joalo ka tse ling tse tsamaeang le sturgeon.
AT Ural ho na le mefuta e ts'oanang ea stellate stellate sturgeon joalo ka Volga; nako ea ho phahama ha bona e tšoana. Ka Urals tse tlase, ho hlaha ka halofo ea bobeli ea Mots'eanong.
Tsela ea selemo sebakeng sa Taganrog Bay le libaka tse tlase Don E qala bohareng ba Mphalane - qalong ea Mots'eanong mme e fela halofo ea bobeli ea Phuptjane - qalong ea Pulungoana, e tebile ka ho fetisisa ka Mots'eanong, thuto ea hoetla e hlaha ho tloha bofelong ba Phato-mathoasong a Mphalane ho isa bofelong ba Pulungoana-Qete ka Labobeli, ketsahalo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Loetse, Mphalane le qalong ea Novemba. AT Kuban e tla ka bongata bo boholo. Kuban stellate sturgeon, joalo ka pheleu ea Kuban, bream, pike perch, e fapana le stellate ea Don, ho hlaha ha stellate ea Kuban stellate ho etsahala ka Mots'eanong-Phato, lebelo la kholo ea "stellate stellate" le "stellate" ea Kuban le hola ka potlako ho feta stellate ea Don, empa ho tloha ho lilemo tse 9 butle butle ho feta stonate ea Don. Lilemo tse 2 pejana ho Don.
AT Danube Thupelo e qala ka Hlakubele-Mmesa mme e nka ho fihlela Pulungoana-Mots'eanong, ea fokotseha kapa ea emisa ka Phupu-September. Thupelo ho Don e etsahala ho 4,2-24.5 ° C, ka kakaretso ka 14.4-17.4 ° C. Qalong ea thupelo ea selemo, banna ba etelloa pele, nakong ea thupelo palo ea basali e eketseha. Matla a tsoalo ea Kuban stellate sturateon a tloha ho 84.8 (bolelele 124 cm) ho 471.7 (bolelele 152 cm), karolelano ea mahe a likete tse 200. Caviar tlase, bophara ba 2.8-3 mm, e khomarela lipekere. Matla a tsoalo ea stellate sturgeon e fapana ho tloha ho mahe a likete tse 53 ho isa ho tse 916.
Ho kena bohlankaneng
Tse tona tsa sethala sa Kuban stellate li fihlela ho kena bohlankaneng ho qala ho tloha lilemong tse 4, tse tšehali ho tloha lilemong tse 7.
Nts'etsopele ea Stellate sturgeon
Nts'etsopele ea embryonic ka mocheso o tlase haholo (15 ° C) e nka matsatsi a 6. Ka mocheso oa 25 ° C, mahe a emolisitsoeng ka mor'a lihora tse 55-60. Lithaka tsa pele tse thellang le li-stellate stellate (5-17 mm) sebakeng sa Ural delta li hlaha lilemong tse leshome kapa tse tharo tsa Mots'eanong. Ka nako e ts'oanang le makhoaba, bana ba fetotsoeng phepelong e sebetsang (43 mm) le bona baa tšoaroa. Phetoho ea likhofu tsa stellate li qala ho fepa ka mafolofolo e qala ka la 5 - la 9 letsatsi kamora ho hatch ka bolelele ba 18-19 mm. Likokoana-hloko tsa Benthic li sebelisoa bakeng sa lijo maemong a qalang a nts'etsopele, boholo ba ona ke 1 mm, oligochaetes, polychaetes, korofiids, gammarids, mysids, larvae le chironomid pupae (sebakeng se qalang). Lekholong la pele la lilemo la June, bolelele bo bolelele bo tloha ho 21-43 mm ka boima ba 88-307 mg.
'Mete oa boima hangata o tsamaea ka la June kaofela. Karolelano ea bongata ba bana ho ella bofelong ba khoeli e fihla ho 1,2-1.3 g. Ha e se e khurumetse ka leoatleng, bana ba bona ba lutse sebakeng se senyane nakoana e khuts'oane, ebe e qala ho lula le leoatle.
Boleng ba moruo
Stellate sturgeon ke tlhapi ea bohlokoahali ea khoebo, eo palo ea eona e fokotsehang. Li entsoe ka matlooa a boreleli le liketane tse sa sebelisoeng neteng. Li-stock li bolokoa ka tlhahiso ea maiketsetso libakeng tsa lithunya. Nama e nate haholo ka tatso. E hlophisitsoe ka foromo ea ch cream le ice cream, 'me li-oyster li sebelisoa ho pheha caviar e emisitsoeng le e tsoekere, hangata e tsoakiloeng le caviar e ngoe ea sturgeon.
E kenyelelitsoe ho Lenane le Lefubelu la IUCN.
Lingoliloeng:
1. N. Svetovidov. Litlhapi tsa Leoatle le Letšo. Moscow-Leningrad, 1965
2. L. S. Berg. Litlhapi tsa metsi a hloekileng tsa USSR le linaha tse haufi. Karolo ea 1. Khatiso ea 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Litlhapi tsa USSR. Moscow, Thabiso, 1969
4. Litlhapi tse ka leboea ho tikoloho ea Lower Volga: Libukeng tse 3. Khosana 1. Sebopeho sa ichthyofauna, mekhoa ea ho ithuta / E.V. Zavyalov, A.B. Ruchin, G.V. Shlyakhtin et al. - Saratov: Ntlo ea phatlalatso ea Sarat. University, 2007 .-- 208 s: kula.
5. Litlhapi tsa Kazakhstan: Lithane tse 5 / Mitrofanov V.P., Dukravets G.M., Peseridi N.E. et al. - Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1986. T. 1. Lampreys, Sturgeons, Hfer , Salmon, Pike. - 272 leq.